RU104621U1 - Bore Hole Puncher - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A downhole drill, comprising a hollow body with a plunger-pusher and a rocker placed therein, sliding knives disks from the housing for creating longitudinal slots in the casing, each of which is positioned in the housing along its diametrical plane, the knife disks being respectively mounted in the arms of the rocker arm, the rotation mechanism of the rocker arm for power radial movement of the knife blades during the perforation and the mechanism for returning them to the housing in the initial position - after completion of the perforation, as well as hydraulic monitoring e nozzles for breaking and removing metal shavings and crushed annular material communicated by channels with the body cavity, characterized in that it is equipped with rocker-rotation restriction elements - when moving in the body of the piston-pusher in contact with one of the ends of the rocker - in the form of a hub of each from knife disks, standard, predetermined outer diameter D and size along the L axis, while the body of each knurled disk-knife is made stepwise decreasing in thickness from the hub to its working edge on both sides s are the planes of symmetry, and the mechanism for returning the knives to the initial position is made in the form of a package of elastic plates located in the lower part of the housing, this package being one end, that is, cantilevered, rigidly fixed in the housing, and the other end of the package consists of a movable contact with the lower end of the beam with the possibility of elastic counteraction to the deviation of the latter from its original position along the axis of the housing. ! 2. The downhole drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surfaces of each of the rolling discs within their range

Description

The utility model relates to devices for creating longitudinal gaps in the casing wall and creating a cavity in the reservoir before the casing in order to optimize and / or intensify the influx and production of fluid, mainly a multicomponent mixture of hydrocarbons, i.e. oil with the so-called associated gas .

The prior art in this area is characterized by a number of technical solutions known from patent documentation: SU 883351 A 11.23.81; SU 1337 A 09.15.87; SU 1668640 A1 08/07/91; SU 1776772 A1 11/23/92; SU 1789674 A1 01/23/93; SU 2043486 C1 09/10/96; SU 2151858 Е21В 43/114 2000; RU 2007549 C1 02.16.94; RU 2030563 C1 10.03.95; RU 2038527 C1 06.27.96; RU 2039220 C1 07/09/95; RU 2070279 C1 10.12.96; RU 2070958 C1 12/27/96; RU 2087683 C1 08.20.97; RU 2105137 C1 02.20.98; RU 2129209 C1 04/20/99; RU 2151858 C1 07.12.98; RU 2161697 C2 04/07/99; RU 2180038 C2 05.22.00; RU 2182221 C1 11.04.01; RU 2205941 C1 08.08.01; 2232876 C1 12/17/02; RU 2244806 C1 01.20.05; RU 2247226 C1 08.15.03; RU 2249678 C2 06.16.03; RU 2254451 C1 06.20.05; RU 2256066 C2 09/12/03; RU 2315177 C1 01.20.08; RU 2348797 C1 03/10/09; US 4106561 A 08/15/78; US 4119151 A 10.10.78; US 4220201 A 02.09.80; US 4392527 A 07/12/83; US 4557331 A 10.12.85, and the initial motive for the creation and improvement of devices and methods for such perforation of casing strings was the well-known so-called “knurling” on metal surfaces with more durable and hard rollers (or disks) of patterns or grooves of a certain shape and depth beyond due to plastic deformation, that is, without removing the metal. However, when considerable efforts are made to press the rolling element (a roller or a disk with a sharp edge), the plastic deformation of the metal ends with the destruction of the rolled sheet or pipe section along the groove path. This well-known effect of pipe fracture, first in the mode of plastic deformation of the metal under the rolling element, and then in the mode of local wall rupture, the appearance of a crack and the formation, as a result, of a longitudinal gap at the present stage of development of the technique for stimulating the influx, is recognized as the most effective as with development of the first commissioned well, and with secondary methods of intensifying oil production from a long-operating well stock.

It should be noted that all analogues of the claimed device contain, as a rule, a hollow body, a rolling element (roller / disk), a mechanism for moving the rolling element from the transport position to the working position and vice versa, a loading mechanism of the rolling element for pressing it into the pipe wall during reciprocating movements of the punch in the casing, as well as a hydromonitor nozzle hydraulically connected to the hollow body, oriented by the channel along the plane of the working edge of the rolling element. Delivery to the well, putting it into working position and subsequent, after work, removing the device back is done on the string (assembly) of tubing (tubing); on them, from a high-pressure ground-based pumping unit (of the order of tens of MPa), the following is carried out: power loading of the rolling element, regular circulation of the flushing agent and ensuring the appropriate regime for the outflow of the latter from the device’s hydraulic nozzle during erosion of cement stone and rock of the reservoir behind the casing.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions-analogues should include such as, for example, insufficient performance due to the presence of only one rolling disk in the product (RF patents 2151858, 2161697, 2180038, 2182221, 2232876); hydraulic nozzles do not provide effective destruction of the rock behind the casing due to their irrational placement (RF patents 2161697, 2180038, 2182221, 2232876, 2247226); constructive arrangement (arrangement) of the units and elements of the device (RF patents 2180038, 2247226) does not provide optimal parameters of the rolling discs, which should be almost equal in diameter to the diameter of the casing, and not more than 10-15 in the thickness of the working part introduced into the casing body mm In addition, almost all known devices are disposable devices and, after removal, are either disposed of (scrap) or subjected to detailed defectoscopy and sorting in a specialized unit of the corresponding service center to eliminate production risks and to carry out any additional and / or duplicate operations in the well. All of the above is associated, respectively, with significant material costs and loss of time, that is, ultimately with a decrease in the user's competitiveness.

The closest technical solution (prototype) in terms of the set of essential features and functional purpose is a device (RU 2249678 C2 16.06.03) containing a hollow body with a cut-out window longitudinal in the diametrical plane, a rocker arm with an axial body, two knurled disks, one each, accordingly, at each end of the rocker arm, the latter consisting of two mutually parallel and fastened plates, between which rolling disks are placed on the axes. A power mechanism is placed in the hollow body for the extension (by turning the rocker arm around an axis by a certain angle) and the contact of the rolling disks with the casing, pressing the working edges of the latter into the casing in the perforation zone and for returning the rocker with the rolling disks to the standard transport position along the housing. This mechanism consists of a piston housing coaxial to the piston body with a rod ending in a cut-out window of the housing with a wedge-shaped fork-shaped element covering the upper knurled disk, and in contact with the wedge surface in contact with the end portion of the beam. The stem of this mechanism has a central channel with a seat for a locking ball discharged from the surface, as well as two hydromonitor nozzles, each communicating with its own channel in the stem body with the over-piston part of the body cavity. The housing, respectively, is equipped with a connecting thread for hanging the perforator on the tubing string, and its cavity is communicated with the cavity of the column.

The disadvantages of the known punch can be attributed to the fact that the shape of the rolling knives is not optimized, as well as the process of slitting on the body of the pipe and the reliable positioning of the body during the hydromonitor stage of perforation of the casing string. In addition, the analysis of the geometric shapes of the nodes and parts of the punch, their relationships and specific performance allows for their improvement and the possibility of a significant improvement in consumer properties of the known device.

The technical task of the utility model, that is, the required technical result of the proposed device, is to increase the consumer properties of the known design by optimizing its components and parts, their interconnections while improving reliability and greater ease of use.

The problem is solved in that the known perforator containing a hollow body with a plunger-pusher and a rocker placed therein, retractable, from the body, knurling knives to create longitudinal slots in the casing, each of which is positioned in the housing along its diametrical plane, moreover, the knife blades are installed, respectively, in the arms of the rocker arm, the rotation mechanism of the rocker arm (for radial force movement of the knife blades in the process of perforation) and the mechanism for returning them to the housing in its original position (after completion I perforation), as well as hydraulic nozzles for breaking and removing metal shavings and crushed annular material communicated by channels with the body cavity, is equipped with rocker-rotation restriction elements - when moving in the body of the piston-pusher in contact with one of the ends of the rocker arm - in the form of a hub with regular, predetermined by its outer diameter and axial size of each of the blades, the body of each blade is made stepwise decreasing in thickness from the hub to its wedge-shaped working to romka on both sides of the plane of symmetry, and the mechanism for returning the knife blades to their original position is made in the form of a package of elastic plates located in the lower part of the housing, this package being one end, that is, cantilevered, rigidly fixed in the housing, and the other end of the package movingly in contact with the lower end of the beam with the possibility of elastic counteraction to the deviation of the latter from its original, along the axis of the hull position.

A comparative analysis of the proposed punch, as a set of essential features (including distinctive ones), with solutions known from the regulatory, technical and patent documentation, allows us to state that the object meets all the criteria of a utility model, that is, the criteria of “novelty” and “industrial applicability ".

On graphical materials are shown, respectively, in figure 1 - General view of the perforator, a longitudinal section along the diametrical plane, with the initial (transport) position of the knurling knives; in figure 2 - the same, but with the position of the rolling disc-knives of the punch at the end of the process of forming cracks in the casing; in figure 3 - a fragment of the rocker arm along AA with the upper knurled disk-knife (enlarged), in figure 4 - a fragment of the cross section of the cutting edges of the knurled disk-knife.

The perforator (see Figs. 1 and 2) consists of a hollow body 1 with a plunger-pusher 2 and a rocker 3 placed in it, in the shoulders of which there are knurling disks-knives 4 and 5, which serve to create cracks in the casing string; wedge pushers 6, used to rotate the rocker arm at an angle "γ" relative to the geometric axis 0-0 of the housing 1; a mechanism for the return movement of the rocker arm to the initial, longitudinal along the 0-0 geometric axis of the housing 1, consisting of a set of leaf springs resting at one end on the shoulder of the rotary rocker 3, and from the other end of the perforator clamped in the housing 1; two hydraulic nozzles 8 and 9 in the body of the lower piston 2, hydraulically communicated through channels 10 and 11 with the over-piston body cavities, seat seats 12 and 13 for balls discharged from the ground surface (seat saddle 13 is located in the upper part of the body, and seat 12 in the central channel 14 of the lower piston 2). At least two compression springs 17, 18 of cylindrical winding are placed under the upper piston 15, which are the mechanism for returning the pistons 2 and 15 to their original position in the housing. The mechanism for returning the rocker to its original position is made in the form of a package of elastic plates located in the lower part of the housing. The package at one end, that is, cantilever, is rigidly fixed in the housing, and the other end is movably in contact with the lower arm of the rocker arm 3 with the possibility of elastic counteraction to the deviation of the latter from its original position along the housing. In the lower part of the body, a channel 19 is made for unhindered subsidence of perforation products to the bottom of the well. The lateral surfaces of each of the rolling disks 4 and 5 within their working perforating part are made in the form of concentric ledges 20 having cutting edges to ensure the expansion of the cut groove (see figure 3). Knurling disks-knives 4 and 5 have hubs 21 of a given outer diameter D and width L to limit the extension of the knurled disk during cutting and widening the gap in the perforated column by abutting the hub against the wall of the cut pipe.

The punch works as follows. Suspended by means of a connecting thread of the housing on the lower pipe of the tubing string (tubing), the perforator is placed in the area of the perforated well casing. Since there are centering elements at both ends of the punch, the punch is positioned almost coaxially with the casing with a slight clearance / backlash. Direct washing / circulation along the bore through the central channel of the perforator is carried out, while the counteraction of the compression springs between the body and the piston and the package of elastic plates in contact with the lower end of the rocker arm keeps both the pusher piston from axial downward movement and the rocker arm from turning in the housing window, so as the existing hydraulic resistance of the central channel of the perforator is obviously not enough. For the output of the rolling knives-disks from the case window into the working position, the central channel of the perforator is blocked with the first resettable locking ball, which sits in the seat made in the central channel of the lower piston under the outlet channels on the hydraulic nozzles (see Fig. 2). When the central channel is closed, the hydraulic energy supplied to the perforator is increased, and the rocker, under the force of a pusher-plunger lowering in the housing, pulls the knives from the window until their working edges come into contact with the perforated pipe and loads the disks with an indentation force normal to the casing wall. Knife-mounted disks begin to form two diametrically opposite slots during reciprocating movements of the tubing string, while the perforation process is characterized by the stability of the load on the disks within the established regime of hydraulic energy supply to the perforator and the mode of its reciprocating movements, characterized by their amplitude and speed and traction on the hook of the ground unit. The fact that the punch disks exited the casing, that is, the formation of gaps, is reliably and unambiguously recorded by the recording diagram of the fluid injection pressure and the recording diagram of the stress on the tubing string suspension in real time. Rigid positioning of the punch in the column provides an unconditional and almost simultaneous exit of both knurled knives to the slots created by them until the hub stops in the casing wall, i.e. design features uniquely limit the required and sufficient (i.e., standard) output to the slit of each knurled disc -foot. During the hydraulic destruction of cement stone and rock behind the column, the knives disks perform two functions, one of which is to position the hydraulic nozzles strictly along the slit in the casing pipe, and the other is to additionally clean and clean the slit and edges of this pipe in stepwise sections of the knurled side cutting surfaces knife disks. By moving the puncher along the barrel, the cement stone and rock are destroyed behind the casing, then the overpressure in the tubing string is removed, the latter is paced until the rocker arm with knurled knives is returned to their transport position in the punch body, which is easily monitored by the readings of the weight indicator on the hook of the ground unit. Then follows the extraction of the tubing string from the well, the diagnosis of the condition of the nodes and elements of the perforator and the preparation of the latter for further operation.

It should be noted that in the practice of well development work, there is a tendency not to lift the perforator, leaving it at the end of the tubing string, if the well after perforation provides oil production in the flowing mode. In this case, both the developer and the manufacturer of such products are interested in their maximum simplification and cheapening while providing a one-time, but reliable, response.

A concrete embodiment of a perforator can be a design developed by the applicant with the following parameters (for example, a device for working in a casing string of pipes with a diameter of 146 mm according to GOST 632-86):

- the outer diameter of the device, mm - 115 - long, mm - 1320 - diameter of knurl knives, mm - 118 - width of the slot to be cut, mm - 10 - Maksim. pressure when cutting a gap, Mra - 8 - maximum pressure during hydromonitor processing, MPa - fifteen - nozzle diameter of the jet nozzle, mm - 3 - weight, kg - 60

Claims (3)

1. A downhole perforator comprising a hollow body with a plunger-pusher and a rocker placed therein, sliding knives from the housing to create longitudinal slots in the casing, each of which is positioned in the housing along its diametrical plane, the knife disks being respectively mounted in the arms of the rocker arm, the rotation mechanism of the rocker arm for power radial movement of the knife blades during the perforation and the mechanism for returning them to the housing in the initial position - after completion of the perforation, as well as hydraulic monitoring e nozzles for breaking and removing metal shavings and crushed annular material communicated by channels with the body cavity, characterized in that it is equipped with rocker-rotation restriction elements - when moving in the body of the piston-pusher in contact with one of the ends of the rocker - in the form of a hub of each from knife disks, standard, predetermined outer diameter D and size along the L axis, while the body of each knurled disk-knife is made stepwise decreasing in thickness from the hub to its working edge on both sides s are the planes of symmetry, and the mechanism for returning the knurled-blade knives to their original position is made in the form of a package of elastic plates located in the lower part of the case, this package being one end, that is, cantilevered, rigidly fixed in the case, and the other end of the package consists of a movable contact with the lower end of the beam with the possibility of elastic counteraction to the deviation of the latter from its original position along the axis of the housing. 2. The downhole drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surfaces of each of the rolling disks within their working perforating part are made in the form of concentric ledges having cutting edges to ensure the expansion of the slotted groove. 3. The downhole perforator according to claim 1, characterized in that a channel is made in the lower part of the perforator body for unhindered subsidence of materials destroyed by perforation onto the face.