RU102195U1 - FILTER MATERIAL AND FILTER FOR WATER TREATMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The filtering material for water purification in the form of granules impregnated with silver carbon, characterized in that the granules are porous with a pore size of 1 to 40 μm and a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm and additionally contain silicon dioxide in the following ratio of components, wt .%: silicon dioxide - 10-89, carbon - 10-89, silver - 1, while the particle size of the components is: silicon dioxide and carbon - 0.5-80 nm, and silver - 20-80 nm. ! 2. A filter for water purification, comprising a vertical cylindrical housing with inlet and outlet fittings and upper and lower perforated drainage partitions installed in the housing with granular filter material placed between them, characterized in that the lower drainage partition is spring-loaded, and the filter material granules are made porous with pore size from 1 to 40 microns and a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm ! 3. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the drainage partitions are provided with a silver coating. ! 4. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the input and output fittings are placed coaxially to the axis of the housing. !5. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the granules of the filter material contain particles of silicon dioxide, carbon and silver with a size of not more than 80 nm in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Silicon dioxide - 10-89, carbon - 10-89, silver - one.

Description

The utility model belongs to the group of products for water purification and can be used autonomously in the production of environmentally friendly water for home or office, as well as as part of technological equipment for enterprises producing soft drinks, for food production, for cafes, restaurants, etc.

A known filter consisting of a vertical cylindrical body with a bottom, an elliptical cover, inlet and outlet fittings and perforated drainage walls installed in the housing, between which filter material is loaded from bottom to top consisting of manganese ore grains, burned rock and activated carbon (RU patent description 2139255, IPC 6 C02F 1/64, B01D 24/16, 01/23/1995).

A disadvantage of the known device is the low filtration rate and the high complexity of disassembly due to the multicomponent multilayer arrangement of the filter material.

Known filter material in the form of activated carbon, the grain of which is coated with metallic silver (description of patent RU 2139255, IPC 6 C02F 1/64, B01D 24/16, 01/23/1995) ..

The disadvantages of the known filter material are limited sorption and low mechanical strength, and, as a result, loss during cleaning.

The objective of the utility model is to improve the operational characteristics of the filter.

The technical result is an increase in the service life and throughput of the filter.

The technical result is achieved in that in the filtering material for water purification in the form of granules of carbon impregnated with silver, the latter are made porous with a pore size of 1 to 40 μm with a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm and additionally contain silicon dioxide in the following ratio of components, wt .%:

silica - 10-89 carbon - 10-89 silver - one,

while the particle size of the components is silicon dioxide and carbon is 0.5-80 nm, and silver is 20-80 nm.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the filter for water purification, including a vertical cylindrical body with inlet and outlet fittings and installed in the body, the upper and lower perforated drainage partitions with filter material placed between them, the lower drainage partition is spring-loaded, and the granules of the filter material are made porous with a pore size of from 1 to 40 microns and a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm

In this case, the drainage partitions can be equipped with a silver coating. The inlet and outlet fittings can be placed coaxially to the axis of the housing.

Granules of the filter material can consist of particles of silicon dioxide, carbon and silver with a size of not more than 80 nm in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

silica - 10-89 carbon - 10-89 silver - one.

The implementation of the granules porous with a pore size of 1 to 40 μm and a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm allows you to minimize the hydrodynamic resistance of the cleaned liquid and provides the ability to obtain a linear velocity of the cleaned liquid whiter than 100 m ³ / m ^{2 ·} h.

The use of nanoparticles with a size of not more than 80 nm of carbon, silicon dioxide and silver as a feedstock for the filtering material to obtain a sorbent not only with a high specific surface (750-900 m ² / g), but also with the strength of granules at the level of porous ceramics (for example, expanded clay )

The surface of the granules of the described material consists of pores separated from each other by thin partitions. The pore size varies from 1 to 40 microns. Almost the entire surface is occupied by carbon and silicon dioxide clusters. Silver nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the surface. The structure of the porosity of the granules has practically no dead ends, it has equal liquid accessibility to the entire volume of the nanocomposite and is a condition for minimal hydrodynamic resistance.

Despite the fact that the frame is durable, it is also flexible. This is confirmed by the fact that upon contact with water, an increase in the initial volume by 10-15% is observed, while the destruction of the nanocomposite was not detected. Upon contact of the filter granules with water, the formation of floccules is observed, which is explained by the presence of a large surface charge of the granules. The nature of these charges is explained by the properties of carbon nanoparticles and silicon dioxide. For example, the presence of a negative charge on silicon dioxide clusters and a positive charge on carbon nanoparticles leads to the formation of electric dipoles inside the microgranules. Thus, the surface, volume, and pores of the granules are composed of such dipoles. During sorption of microimpurities, the places of contact of dipoles are the most active. Positively charged particles (for example, iron colloids) are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged poles of dipoles. Negatively charged (for example, fulvic and humic acids) are attracted to the positively charged poles of dipoles. The sorption of low-polar substances such as benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride can be explained by the fact that when such substances enter the pores of the sorbent, an induced charge appears in them. Such a sorption mechanism has a right to exist and has been experimentally proven. Thus, the nanocomposite equally effectively absorbs not only impurities having a charge, but also non-polar electrically neutral substances.

The filtering material can be obtained by selecting components, mixing the components and a porous chemically neutral binder to a clay state, granulating the resulting mass, and then heat treating the obtained granular material.

The quantitative selection of components is based on the goals of cleaning. So, for example, to remove organic impurities in the ratio of components, wt.% - silicon dioxide 10, carbon - 89, inorganic (iron, heavy metal ions) - silicon dioxide 89, carbon - 10. For water from reservoirs in central Russia - dioxide silicon and carbon in equal amounts.

Figure 1 shows the image when scanning granules of filter material on an electron microscope at a resolution of 10 μm; Fig. 2, 3 - with a resolution of 1 μm; Fig. 4 - with a resolution of 0.5 μm; Fig. 5 schematically shows a filter for cleaning.

The filter includes a hollow vertical cylindrical housing 1 with coaxial input 2 and output 3 fittings. A granular filter material 6 is placed inside the housing between two perforated drainage partitions 4 and 5. The lower drainage partition 4 is spring-loaded with a calibrated spring 7. The lower part of the housing 1 is closed by the bottom 8 and is closed by a clamp 9 through the seal 10. The filter is mounted on a stand 11, which is screwed to the bottom 8 with a screw 12. The lower fitting 3 is connected at one end to the water line (pipeline), the other end of the fitting is closed by a plug 13. The upper fitting is powered by a crane (not shown) that controls the speed selection of clean water.

For treatment, raw untreated water from a water supply system or natural source (including open water bodies: rivers, ponds, reservoirs or wells) is supplied to the filter from the bottom up to an overpressure of 0.2 ÷ 6.0 atm. Through the lower fitting 2, 14 large particles (iron oxide, sand) fall into the trap chamber. The latter is formed in the housing 1 between the bottom 8 and the lower distribution partition 4. After passing through the entire layer of filtering material 6, purified water is collected in the filtrate assembly chamber 15 formed by the upper distribution partition 5 and the housing cover 1 and is supplied to the consumer through the upper fitting 3.

Purification of drinking water in the filter occurs by a sorption-filtration mechanism, carried out in a gravitational field. Large particles of impurities are deposited in the chamber trap due to the loss of linear velocity and gravitational forces. Small particles in the form of a suspension of iron (III) hydroxide and clay impurities are retained, that is, they are filtered out in the intergranular space of the filter material. Colloidal particles of iron (II) and iron (III), heavy metal ions, radionuclides, fulvic and humic acids, petroleum products, active chlorine are sorbed by the granules of the filter material.

The filter resource with filtering material is designed to treat 100 m ^{3 of} medium contaminated water. This volume is enough for 4 years of use for a family of 3-5 people. In this case, the daily selection of clean water can reach up to 100 liters per day.

To return the filtering properties, the granules of the filter material are regenerated by purification.

Claims (5)

1. The filtering material for water purification in the form of granules impregnated with silver carbon, characterized in that the granules are porous with a pore size of 1 to 40 μm and a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm and additionally contain silicon dioxide in the following ratio of components, wt .%: silicon dioxide - 10-89, carbon - 10-89, silver - 1, while the particle size of the components is: silicon dioxide and carbon - 0.5-80 nm, and silver - 20-80 nm. 2. A filter for water purification, comprising a vertical cylindrical housing with inlet and outlet fittings and upper and lower perforated drainage partitions installed in the housing with granular filter material placed between them, characterized in that the lower drainage partition is spring-loaded, and the filter material granules are made porous with pore size from 1 to 40 microns and a diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm 3. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the drainage partitions are provided with a silver coating. 4. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the input and output fittings are placed coaxially to the axis of the housing. 5. The filter according to claim 2, characterized in that the granules of the filter material contain particles of silicon dioxide, carbon and silver with a size of not more than 80 nm in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Silicon dioxide - 10-89, carbon - 10-89, silver - 1.