RO131502A0 - Structure and closures of a building with prefabricated panels made of compressed cellular natural fibres, and mounting process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a set of structural panels made of compressed cellular natural fibers, meant to be used for a civil construction, and to a process for building the same. According to the invention, the set consists of several panels (1) for the walls of a building, the space therebetween being provided with a bearing structure comprising a vertical medial beam (17) made of square-section pipe, fixed by wood-screws (37) in the medial part of a panel (1) provided with some metal brackets (19) and some vertical beams (16) made of pipe with U-shaped cross-section, fixed with wood-screws (37) on the edge of the panels (1), provided with metal brackets (19) and some spacers (24).

Description

The present invention relates to the Structure and Closures of a Building with Prefabricated Panels of Natural Cellular Fibers Compressed together with their Assembly Procedure.

There are known laminated metal walls with mineral wool inner lining, glass wool, polyurethane synthetic resins and walls with reinforced concrete composite structure, mineral wool insulation, glass wool, expanded polystyrene, used in industrial and housing construction.

The disadvantages of such solutions are the high consumption of different materials with different properties and the high cost of commissioning under construction conditions on the site. Other disadvantages are the large volume of excavation and the volume of foundations, due to the high loadings per unit area, as well as the reduced properties of thermo, hydro, soundproofing of the external or parietal closure elements.

A lightweight structure (RO 11 49 89 Bl) is known from sandwich panels made from a U-profile metal frame in which an asbestos plate, an expanded polystyrene plate or another light insulator is inserted, and a sheet of PAL, the three boards sticking with the hook. The structure is made of metal profiles type U that are welded.

This solution has the disadvantage that the sheets in the composition of the panel, including the binder, are materials with high toxic content, so pollutants, either in stable or combustion state, and the metal structure does not have a form of thermal break and fire protection.

There are known prefabricated panels of construction with thermal insulation (US Patent 5,024,033) based on vertical and horizontal uprights interspersed with rigid insulating boards, with sealing rods at the upper and lower limits of the panels.

These panels have the disadvantage that they use structural elements without fireproof protection, without breaking thermal bridge, with high volume of labor on the site and high consumption of materials. It is also noted the high number of operations and materials necessary for finishing the panels after installation.

¢ (-2016-- 005001 8 -07-2010

Also known are prefabricated building panels (US Patent 5,608,999) based on extruded PVC or thermoplastic profiles as formwork elements for pouring concrete. The profiles are coupled with each other through a system of blocking guides that allow the realization of continuous double panels, divided, in the form of formwork, for pouring concrete.

This solution presents several disadvantages, both in terms of reinforcement of the concrete diaphragm, its finishing, as well as in terms of the thermo, hydro, insulating properties of the final product - exterior wall, interior wall or elevation of a concrete. foundations.

The present invention solves the problem of the efficient prefabrication of the elements of Structure and of closing of the Constructions, reducing to a minimum the workmanship of execution on the site and transforming the whole structure and the closures of a building into a unitary construction system, in which only the configuration of the elements of the strength of the structure inside the sandwich The composition of two or more Prefabricated Panels of Natural Compressed Cellular Fiber varies depending on the position in the building, - on foundations, on the exterior wall, on the floors, on the interior wall, or on the roof.

The invention also solves the problem of replacing the entire construction of the joints with joints, allowing, through progressive dimensioning of the materials of the joints composition, a greater resistance of the construction to seismic phenomena than by using the embedding.

In addition, the invention has the advantage that by using Compressed Natural Fiber Panels in the shown configurations, the entire structure and closures that define the building become much easier than a building made with traditional materials such as concrete, brick, stone, or other composite materials, much more. more environmentally friendly in terms of materials used and habitability, easier and faster to execute as a team of 4 workers with manual equipment, can one day mount the floors and masonry of a floor with the surface of approx. 120 sqm, thus reducing essentially the cost of the workmanship.

At the same time, the invention largely eliminates the disadvantages of other construction materials regarding thermal conductivity, acoustic conductivity, hygroscopicity, porosity, friability, mass or weight, non-uniform consistency, high volume of workmanship for finishing and lack of fire resistance, at chemical agents, to insects and bacteria, the panels retaining the nail or the holtzsurf well and allowing, if necessary, easy cutting by sawing directly when commissioning.

The detailed description of the Structure and Closures of a Compressed Cellular Fiber Panel Building and the Assembly Process according to the Invention are presented below, using the two exemplary photographs on the page and Figures 1 ... 32, which represent:

Fig. 1. Partial Isometric Perspective of a Set of Formwork Panels

Field and Corner, with its Riding Solution

Fig. 2. Enhanced Isometric Perspective of a Mounting Roof of the Formwork and Reinforcement Panels «c

-in 16--0 050 6x to -07-1016

Fig. 3. Isometric Perspective Coat of a PVC Joint Spacer with Enhanced Concrete Iron Fitting Detail and Vertical Riding Adjustment Device

Fig. 4. Partial Isometric Perspective of an Inner Wall Panel and the Combination Procedure at Its Upper and Lower Limits

Fig. 5. Enhanced Isometric Perspective of a PVC Corner Spacer with Enhanced Concrete Reinforced Detail and Vertical Chain Adjustment Device

Fig. 6. Partial Isometric Perspective of a Set of Exterior Masonry and Corner Panels and the Procedure of Assembling These with the Foundation Belt Beams, the Current Floor Belt Beams and the Beam Beam, - The Basic Element of the Structure floor

Fig. 7. Partial Isometric Perspective of an Exterior Masonry Type Panel with Elements of Structure of Structure and Assembly Procedure

Fig. 8. Partial Isometric Perspective of one of the Two Vertical Roof Uprights (18) from the Structure of a Panel of External Masonry, Spaces (24) and the Assembly Procedure

Fig. 9. Partial Isometric Perspective of the Central Vertical Upright (17) from the Structure of the Structure of an Exterior Masonry Type Panel, the Consoles (19) and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 10. Partial Isometric Perspective of one of the Two Vertical Roof Uprights, Variant (16 '), from the Structure of an Exterior Masonry Type Panel, Consoles (19), and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 11, Partial Isometric Perspective of the Corner Vertical Upright (18) from the Structure of an External Corner Masonry Panel, the Consoles (19) and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 12. Plan view of the connection of the Exterior Corner Panels, the Vertical Corner Post (18), the Wood Spacers (24) and the Assembly Procedure

Fig. 13. Partial Isometric Perspective of the Beam of the Foundation Belt (22) in the Corner Area and the Assembly Assembly Procedure (V 2 Ο 16 - - η Ο 5 0 Β 1 8 -07-2016

Fig. 14. Partial Isometric Perspective of the Current Floor Belt Beam (23) and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 15. Plan view of the Connection of Exterior Masonry Panels in the Field, of the Vertical Uprights of Two Adjacent Panels (16 '). of the Wood Spacers (24) and the Assembly Procedure

Fig. 16. Plan view of the connection of an Interior Partition Wall Panel with an Exterior Wall Panel or another Interior Partition Wall Panel, of the Metal Connection Profiles (55) and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 17. Plan view of the connection in the field of an interior partition wall panel with another interior partition wall panel, of the metallic profiles of the Rost connection (55) and the process of assembling them

Fig. 18. Cross-sectional view of the Connection of an Interior Partition Wall Panel at the Upper Limit with the Lattice Beam (21) of the Slab, of the Metal Connection Profile (28) and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 19. Cross-sectional view of the Connection of an Interior Partition Wall Panel with a Floor Panel (26), of the Metal Connection Profile (27) and the Assembly Assembly Procedure

Fig. 20. Cross-sectional view of the Connection of an Exterior Wall Panel with the Concrete Foundation (10) through the Belt Beam (22), the Vertical Metal Post (17), the Supporting Metal Console (20), the Beam with the Lattice ( 21) and the Assembly Procedure

Fig. 21. Partial Isometric Perspective of the Structure of Strength of the Slab, of the Beams with Lattices (21), of the Supporting Metal Consoles (20), of the Contrabant Platforms (54). of the Floor Panels (26), of the Ceiling Panels (29) and the Procedure for Assembling These

Fig. 22. Partial Isometric Perspective of Connecting Two Plating Panels (1) with Aluminum Spacers (48). of the Mounting Plates (47) and the Assembly Procedure

Fig. 23. Plan view of the Stamping Pattern for the Metallic Upright at 45 (31) of the Beam with Ladders (21). Reinforcement Nerves (34) and Edging Edges (57) of the Upright

Fig. 24. Partial Isometric Perspective of the Beam with Lattices (21). of the Metal Post at 45 (31). of the Vertical Metal Post (30). of Horizontal Metal Profiles (32). of the Wood Profiles (33) and the Assembly Procedure of these ⁶ ?

J β 5 Ί β * '

Fig. 25. Plan view of the connection of two Adjacent Plating Panels (1) with Aluminum Spacers (48) and Outer Wall Panel (50); The process of

Assembly of these

Fig. 26. Cross-sectional view of the Connection of the Base Elements of an Exterior Wall Panel and of a Window, of the Continuous Wood Profile (59), of the Wood Spacer (24), of the Aluminum Profiles (60) and The Assembly Procedure

Fig. 27, Cross-sectional view of the Connection of an Exterior Wall Panel with the Roof Structure and Closures, the Belt Beam (23), the Beam with the Lattice Beams (21) in the position of the Structure Element of the Floor and those of the Caprior. Roof, Assembly Box (39), Panel (1) as Roofing Element and Assembly Procedure

Fig. 28. Cross-sectional view of the connection of the Exterior Wall Panels Between Floors with Floor Structure, of the Beam with Lattice (21), of the Supporting Metal Console (20), of the Beam of the Belt (23), of the Vertical Metal Upright (17), of the Metal Support Console (19), of the Wood Spacer (24) and the Assembly Procedure

Fig. 29. Isometric perspective of a metal blade for anchoring the formwork panels (1) at the top

Fig. 30. Isometric Perspective of a Metal Blade for Anchoring Panels (1) at the Bottom

Fig. 31. Partial isometric perspective of the mounting plate (6), of the mounting device (81), of the anchor rods (80), of the anchors (8), with the assembly procedure of these and the mounting method

Fig. 32. Isometric Perspective of a PVC Spacer for Coupling and Maintenance in Equidistant Position of Formwork Panels (1), Moor (76), PVC Flanges (74) and Assembly Procedure

Regarding the graphical representation of the Invention, it should be noted that in the Figures above, in order to enhance the clarity of the image or the concept, a series of full or interrupted lines as well as some repetitive or non-essential elements were eliminated at the time of writing.

The structure and closures of a Building according to the Invention are constituted by the arrangement of Compressed Natural Cellular Fiber Panels (1) in sandwich form, as in the configurations shown in Fig. 1, FIG. 4, FIG. 6, FIG. 21, FIG. 23 if FIG. 27, which demonstrates the possibility of adapting with the continuous interface of the resistance structure of this sandwich to the diaphragm function of the foundation, outer wall, wall

<2016-- 0 0 5 0 8 1 8 -07- 2016 interior, floor and roof, to create a building with a monolithic character.

In the area of the foundation of a building where there is assumed the existence of a slab of reinforced concrete at the outlet phase, with mustaches of concrete iron anchors arranged perimeter for anchoring the vertical reinforcement (15), Fig. 2, install the Anchor Slab (66), Fig. 31, in equidistant positions, on the outside and inside of the alignment of the anchorage musts and lay with the feet (67) in the concrete of the plate after calibrating the anchorage feet (65) in the adjustment slot (64) and in the position of receiving the anchorage holes. two panels (1) adjacent and the outer leg of the Spacer (3) of them Fig. 2.

At the top of the two panels (1) is attached the Anchor Lamella (5), Fig. 1 and 2, which reinforce the outer shape of the formwork, and repeat the previous sequence for the entire outer alignment of the formwork, Fig. 1. After the initial snop binding at the top of 4 vertical reinforcements (15) representing the base of the 4 corners of a rectangle and after aligning the spacers (3), the Horizontal Concrete Iron Fittings (4) are progressively inserted into the spacers (3) anchoring through the holes (14) and the vertical reinforcements (15), Fig. 2 and 3.5.

At this stage the introduction of the Field Spacers (9) begins. 1 and 33 from outside the outer alignment of the panels (1) mounting the Caps (74) and the Threaded Body (77) through the existing holes of the panels (1) and Mosoarele (76) on the threaded body (77) exposed inside.

After mounting the panels (1) on the inner alignment of the formwork using the blades (66) to anchor their base in the concrete of the slabs, the blades (5) for anchoring them to the top and the inner leg of the spacer (3) for reinforcing the joint, it is progressively introduced. , from panel to panel, the ends (74) of the field spacers (9) and are laid in the concrete of the plate Anchors (8) of the Mounting Plates (6), Fig. 1 and 32.

The mounting plates (6) are anchored by the anchors (8) through the Steel Rods (80), and the Sliders (7) are mounted on the Guides (11) of the spacers (3) at the same time as the Telescopic Bars (13) and (81) on mounting plate (6), Fig. 32. With the fixing of the jointing keys (78), the simultaneous adjustment of the bars (13), (81) and of the sliders (7), Fig. 3, the casting of the formwork, the casting and the leveling of the concrete at the top of the panels (1) is finalized, being the next operation.

Elastomeric Bitumen Leaf (25), Fig. 6 and 22, are installed at the top of the panels (1) in contact with the concrete (10), Fig. 1, at the socket phase and has a multiple role of sealing, positioning buffer and

antioxidant for the Belt girder (22) which is now mounted after the anchorage is installed and installed (45), Fig. 13 and 22.

Double outer wall panel, Fig. 7, is executed entirely with all the elements (1), (16), (17), (19) and (24) mounted from the factory, or partially, using as a variant the Vertical Rost Post (16 '), Fig. 10, instead of (16), depending on the requirements of the project.

The double outer wall panel of Fig. 7 in the field position, unlike the corner, has constant dimensions of 120 cm wide and 300 cm high, depending on the manufacturing quotas of the extrusion machines of the panel (1), dimensions that dictate the configuration of the internal vertical structure of the resistance (19) and (16) or (16 '), in relation to the horizontal internal structure of resistance, (of the slab) (21) as metal frames articulated at a constant distance of 60 cm from each other.

The external double wall panel with its internal structure of resistance represents the initial configuration that generated by extrapolation the configuration of the other double panels and structures of resistance with functions of lost formwork, floor, high external wall and roof, which, in turn they interact and complement each other for a unitary execution, the construction itself.

Execution of this panel Fig. 7, is made from the vertical uprights (16) on which, after stamping and cutting to the final dimension of the panel, the Metal Consoles (19) are installed, Fig. 8, using Mechanical Screws (36) and Wood Spacing (24) using Holtz Screws (39) Fig. 15.

Next the metal brackets (19) are installed on the Vertical Medium Upright (17) Fig. 9, the two lateral uprights (16) and the middle upright (19) over which the first panel (1) is mounted are positioned in the mirror using the screws (38) Fig. 15, for lateral anchoring on spacers (24) and Holtz screws (37) Fig. 7 for anchoring on the middle post (17). The installation of the second panel (1) is done as in the first, in the mirror. Before the picture, 5 access holes are executed on the narrow surfaces of the 2 lateral uprights (18) for later use of the Mounting Bolts (39), Fig. 15.

The installation of double outer wall panels starts from the corner area by loosening the anchors (45) Fig. 13 for adjusting the position of the two sides of the belt beam (22) Fig. 6, the introduction of the double panel according to the progressive adjustment of the anchors (45) and the median weld to 45, the temporary breaking, the anchoring of the belt beam (22) of the uprights (16) and (17) using the Access Perforations (70) and the Self-tapping Screws (37) FIG. 14, as well as the mounting of the Metal Support Consoles (20) of the floor joists Fig. 6.22.

Mounting of the second outer corner wall double panel, Fig. 6, which contains the Vertical Side Corner Upright (18) equipped with the consoles (19) Fig. 11, and the spacers (24) on two adjacent faces, Fig. 12, is done after the median welding at 45 and the restoration ο 1 δ - - 0 0 5 0 8 ί 8 -07- 2016 of the anchors (45) of the belt beams (22), by installing the screw-holes (38) Fig. 12 and the self-tapping screws (37) as in the previous paragraph.

The installation of a double wall panel outside the field is executed as in Fig.15 for the standard panel, or as in Fig. 16 for higher loads and / or higher mounting tolerances. For the connection of the type panels, the longer flanges of the uprights (16) are mirrored, over the shortest ones, using the existing perforations from the manufacture in the long flanges, for the insertion of the screws (41) and the lateral anchoring of the panels. For the connection as in Fig. 16 bring the panels into position by inserting the upright (16 *) with the spacers (24) on both sides, inside the next panel that is anchored by the spacers (24).

For the slabs, after anchoring at both ends of the floor beams (21) on the support brackets (20), with the Mechanical mounting screws (42), Fig. 6, 21 and 22, the Bending Platforms (54) and the two panels (1) are mounted, as a floor (26) and as a ceiling (29), Fig. 21.

The beam with lattices (21), Fig. 25, is executed by assembling the Vertical Uprights (30), the Uprights to 45 (31), the Horizontal Elements (32) and the Wooden Rods (33). The metallic elements are made of galvanized steel sheet of appropriate thicknesses and treatments, by stamping, as in Fig. 24 for the upright at 45, along the embossing edges (57), with the formation of the reinforcing ribs (34). After inserting the wooden rods (33) into the horizontal elements (32), the assembly is executed with Pop Rivet Nights (44) for all the pieces.

Mounting the belt beams (23) of the current floor Fig. 6.14 and 28, it is executed starting from the corner, by installing the lower half the side flanges covering the upper part of the double outer wall panel, with the cuts (68) and the perforations (71) Fig. 14, corresponding to the opening inside the double panel and the holes of the consoles (19), Fig. 6, 14, 28, by welding to 45 with respect to all alignments and collinearities, and the resumption of the above after the installation in the mirror, of the upper half of the belt beam (23), Fig. 6.14. At this stage, after anchoring the middle area of the beam of the console belt (19), the lower half flanges are anchored with the self-tapping screws (37) through the holes (70) of the vertical uprights (17), (16), (16 ') , (18) and spacers (24), the following steps respecting the phases described for installing the double outer wall panels on the belt girder (22).

The double exterior wall panels that take over the openings for the metal or PVC joinery of the windows, Fig. 29, are constructed with the resistance structure, the uprights (16), (16 '), (17) and (18), retracted from the opening edge for mounting the profile (59) continuously on the perimeter of the opening, the boiandrug function above the window, being taken over by the belt beam (23) and reinforcing the interior space of the double panel between the belt and the window joinery. For larger openings, the opening is sub-divided, its vertical elements taking over a όΤ- 2 Ο 1 θ * '00508' part of the loads, or the capacity of the structural strength of the vertical uprights (18) adjacent to the opening is increased.

The installation of the interior walls is shown in Fig. 4 as an overall representation and in Fig. 17, 18, 19, and 20 for details. Panel (1) with the purpose of partition wall that is made with the thickness of min. 7.5 cm, but with the same width of 120 cm, is mounted as in Fig. 20 at the bottom, using U-profiles from the steel sheet Fig. 29. View in Cross Section of the Connection of the Basic Elements of an Exterior Wall Panel and those of a Window, of the Continuous Wood Profile (59), of the Wood Spacer (24), of the Aluminum Profiles (60) and of the Process Assembly of these

Fig. 19 at the top, using the same type of U-shaped profits (28) fixed previously with screws (39) of the wooden rod (33) from the lower sole of the floor beam (21), Fig. 19 and 4.

For the vertical connection of two panels, they are used in the thin sheet of galvanized steel (55) mounted as in Fig. 18 on the slab and groove principle and similar to this for connecting an interior wall panel with an outer wall panel, Fig. 17.

In order to increase the resistance to thermal transfer, the sound absorbing function, the waterproofing function and the fire resistance function of an exterior wall, at the same time with the installation of each level, a plywood made of panels (1) is executed as in Fig. 22 and 25 with the role of alternating the joints of the double panels with the full of the panels made of veneer. Thus, the profiles (48), with the role of spacer and support for the panels (1) of plating are arranged between the joints of the double panels (50), Fig. 25 and the belt beams (23), mounting with the plates (47) on the profiles (48).

The configuration of the structure and the closures of the roof is similar to that of the slab with the difference as for anchoring the upper sole of the beam with the lattices (21), which in this case is inclined, instead of the metal console (20), Fig. 27, 28, the Metallic Gusset (46) is used, Fig. 27. It is installed on the alignment of the console holes (19) for the distance between beams (ceilings) of 60 cm and centered on each upright (16), (16 '), (17) and (18), for the distance between beams 120 cm.

Claims (6)

ΟΟ5Ο8 ¹⁸ Ό7-2016 1. Composite section construction panels consisting of two panels of natural cell fibers treated with ceramic resins and tablets or other compressible materials (1) with the space between them endowed with a structure of resistance characterized by being composed of uprights ( 17) FIG. 6 and 7, from the square pipe of galvanized steel in the median area, carrying brackets (19) for mounting the belt beams (22), (23), from vertical uprights (16) from galvanized steel profiles on both sides, carrying brackets (19) for mounting the belt beams (22), (23), from spacers (24) and their assembly procedure. 2. Construction panels according to Claim 1, with the structure of resistance characterized in that it is constituted as reinforced concrete diaphragm in which the panels (1) Fig. 1, they have the role of lost formwork, being equipped with field spacers (9), with joint spacers (3), with concrete anchoring plates (66) and at the joint (5), with interior mounting plates (6) and their assembly process. 3. Construction panels according to Claim 1, with the resistance structure characterized in that it is constituted as the resistance structure of a slab on which the panels (1) Fig. 4, have the role of floor and ceiling mounted on beams with lattices (21) laterally breached (54) Fig. 21, with support through consoles (20) on the belt beams (22) or (23) and their assembly procedure. 4. Construction panels according to Claim 1, with the resistance structure characterized in that it is constituted as the resistance structure of a roof in which the panels (1) Fig. 27, have the role of astereal and soffit mounted on beams with beams (21) laterally breached (54) Fig. 21, with support on the belt beams (23) through the bushes (46) and their assembly procedure. 5. Construction panels according to Claim 1, with the structure of resistance characterized in that it supplements the structure and the resistance of the exterior wall panels to heat transfer and to the fire, increasing the waterproofing function and the absorbent phono, by anchoring the panels (1) Fig. 23 and 26 the spacers (48) with the plates (47), by alternating the joints of the exterior wall panels with the full ones of the additional ones and the procedure of their assembly. 6. The structure and closures of a building executed with panels according to Claims 1 - 5 and the assembly process.