NZ720969B2 - Octahydro fused azadecalin glucocorticoid receptor modulators - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides octahydro fused azadecalin compounds of formula (I) having glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and modulatory activity for pharmaceutical use. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing an effective amount of the fused azadecalin compounds and methods of using the compositions for the-treatment of a glucocorticoid receptor mediated disorder in a subject. s of using the compositions for the-treatment of a glucocorticoid receptor mediated disorder in a subject.

Description

OCTAHYDRO FUSED AZADECALIN ORTICOID RECEPTOR MODULATORS CROSS-REFERENCES TO D APPLICATIONS id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1" id="p-1"

[0001] This application claims priority to US. Provisional Application Nos. 61/985,035, filed April 28, 2014, and 61/908,333, filed November 25, 2013, each of which is incorporated in its ty herein for all purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2" id="p-2"

[0002] In most species, including man, the physiological glucocorticoid is cortisol (hydrocortisone). Glucocorticoids are secreted in response to ACTH (corticotropin), which shows both circadian rhythm variation and elevations in response to stress and food. Cortisol levels are responsive within minutes to many physical and psychological stresses, including , surgery, exercise, anxiety and sion. Cortisol is a steroid and acts by binding to an intracellular, glucocorticoid or (GR). In man, glucocorticoid receptors are present in two forms: a ligand-binding GR-alpha of 777 amino acids; and, a GR-beta isoform which lacks the 50 carboxy terminal residues. Since these include the ligand binding domain, GR- beta is unable to bind the natural ligand, and is constitutively localized in the nucleus. The GR is also known as the GR-II or. id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3" id="p-3"

[0003] The biologic effects of cortisol, ing those caused by hypercortisolemia, can be modulated at the GR level using receptor modulators, such as agonists, l agonists and antagonists. Several different classes of agents are able to block the physiologic effects of GR-agonist binding. These antagonists include itions which, by binding to GR, block the ability of an agonist to effectively bind to and/or activate the GR. One such known GR antagonist, mifepristone, has been found to be an effective lucocorticoid agent in humans (Bertagna (1984) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 59:25). Mifepristone binds to the GR with high affinity, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 10'9 M (Cadepond (1997) Annu. Rev.

Med. 48: 129). What is needed in the art are new compositions and methods for modulating GR receptors. Surprisingly, the present invention meets these and other needs.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides many fused azadecalin compounds. In some embodiments, the t invention provides compounds having the formula: wherein R1 of formula I is a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, which can each independently be N, O, or S, optionally substituted with 1-4 groups, which can each independently be R1a. Each R 1a of a I can independently be hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, halogen, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, N-oxide, or C3-8 cycloalkyl. Ring J of formula I can be an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, which can each independently be N, O, or S. Each R2 of formula I can ndently be hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, halogen, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C1-6 alkyl- C1-6 alkoxy, -CN, -OH, -NR2aR2b, -C(O)R2a, -C(O)OR2a, R2aR2b, -SR2a, -S(O)R2a, -S(O)2R 2a, C 3-8 lkyl, or C3-8 heterocycloalkyl having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms wherein each can ndently be N, O, or S. Alternatively, two R2 groups on adjacent ring atoms are combined to form a heterocycloalkyl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, which can each independently be N, O, or S, wherein the heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 R2c groups. R2a, R2b and R2c of formula I can each independently be hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl. Each R3a of formula I can independently be a halogen. Subscript n of a I can be an integer from 0 to 3. The compounds of formula I can also be the salts and stereoisomers thereof.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition ing a compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In some embodiments, the t invention provides a use of a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for modulating a glucocorticoid receptor.

In some ments, the present invention es a use of a compound of the present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disorder through antagonizing a glucocorticoid.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of modulating a glucocorticoid receptor including ting a glucocorticoid receptor with a compound of the present invention, thereby modulating the orticoid receptor. (27350178_1):JIN BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show various synthetic schemes for making the compounds of the present ion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 1. General The present invention provides compounds capable of ting a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and thereby providing beneficial therapeutic effects. The compounds include octahydro fused azadecalins. The present invention also provides methods of treating es and disorders by modulating a GR receptor with the nds of the present invention. 11. Definitions The abbreviations used herein have their conventional g within the chemical and biological arts. id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10" id="p-10"

[0010] Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemical formulae, written from left to right, they equally ass the chemically cal substituents that would result from writing the structure from right to left, e.g., -CH20- is lent to -OCH2-.

"Alkyl" refers to a straight or branched, ted, aliphatic radical having the number of carbon atoms indicated. Alkyl can include any number of carbons, such as C1_2, C13, C14, C15, C1-6, C1-7, Cm, (31.9, C140, C23, C24, C25, C2-6, C34, C35, C3_6, C4-5, C4—6 and C5_5. For example, C1_6 alkyl includes, but is not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, etc.

"Alkoxy" refers to an alkyl group having an oxygen atom that connects the alkyl group to the point of attachment: alkyl-O-. As for the alkyl group, alkoxy groups can have any suitable number of carbon atoms, such as C16. Alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, iso—propoxy, butoxy, xy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, etc.

"Halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

"Haloalkyl" refers to alkyl, as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. As for the alkyl group, haloalkyl groups can have any suitable number of carbon atoms, such as C16. For example, haloalkyl es trifluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, etc. In some ces, the term "perfluoro" can be used to define a compound or l where all the hydrogens are replaced with fluorine. For example, perfluoromethane includes l,l,l—trifluoromethyl.

"Haloalkoxy" refers to an alkoxy group where some or all of the en atoms are substituted with n atoms. As for the alkyl group, haloalkoxy groups can have any suitable number of carbon atoms, such as C1-6. The alkoxy groups can be substituted with 1, 2, 3, or more halogens. When all the hydrogens are replaced with a halogen, for example by fluorine, the compounds are per—substituted, for example, perfluorinated. Haloalkoxy includes, but is not limited to, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2,—trifluoroethoxy, roethoxy, etc.

"Cycloalkyl" refers to a ted or partially rated, monocyclic, fused bicyclic or bridged polycyclic ring assembly containing from 3 to 12 ring atoms, or the number of atoms indicated. Cycloalkyl can include any number of carbons, such as C3_6, C4_6, C5_6, C3_g, C4_g, C5_g, C6_8, C3_9, C340, €3-11, and C342. Saturated monocyclic cycloalkyl rings include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cyclooctyl.

Saturated bicyclic and polycyclic cycloalkyl rings include, for example, norbomane, [2.2.2] bicyclooctane, decahydronaphthalene and tane. Cycloalkyl groups can also be partially unsaturated, having one or more double or triple bonds in the ring. Representative cycloalkyl groups that are partially unsaturated e, but are not limited to, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene (1,3- and 1,4-isomers), cycloheptene, eptadiene, cyclooctene, cyclooctadiene (1,3-, 1,4— and l,5-isomers), norbomene, and norbomadiene. When cycloalkyl is a saturated monocyclic C3_g cycloalkyl, exemplary groups include, but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. When cycloalkyl is a saturated monocyclic C3_6 cycloalkyl, exemplary groups include, but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

"Heterocycloalkyl" refers to a saturated ring system having from 3 to 12 ring members and from 1 to 4 atoms ofN, O and S. Additional heteroatoms can also be useful, including, but not limited to, B, Al, Si and P. The heteroatoms can also be oxidized, such as, but not d to, -S(O)— and —. Heterocycloalkyl groups can include any number ofring atoms, such as, 3 to 6, 4 to 6, 5 to 6, 3 to 8, 4 to 8, 5 to 8, 6 to 8, 3 to 9, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, or 3 to 12 ring members. Any suitable number of atoms can be included in the heterocycloalkyl groups, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4, or 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, or 3 to 4. The cycloalkyl group can include groups such as ine, ine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, azepane, azocane, quinuclidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, piperazine (1,2-, 1,3- and omers), e, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, oxane (tetrahydropyran), oxepane, thiirane, thietane, thiolane (tetrahydrothiophene), thiane (tetrahydrothiopyran), oxazolidine, isoxalidine, thiazolidine, isothiazolidine, dioxolane, dithiolane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, dioxane, or ne. The cycloalkyl groups can also be fused to aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems to form members including, but not limited to, indoline.

When heterocycloalkyl includes 3 to 8 ring members and 1 to 3 heteroatoms, representative members include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidine, piperidine, tetrahydrofilran, oxane, tetrahydrothiophene, thiane, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, piperazine, oxazolidine, isoxazolidine, thiazolidine, isothiazolidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, dioxane and dithiane. Heterocycloalkyl can also form a ring having 5 to 6 ring members and 1 to 2 heteroatoms, with representative members including, but not limited to, idine, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, piperazine, oxazolidine, isoxazolidine, thiazolidine, isothiazolidine, and morpholine.

"Aryl" refers to an aromatic ring system having any suitable number of ring atoms and any suitable number of rings. Aryl groups can include any suitable number of ring atoms, such as, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 ring atoms, as well as from 6 to 10, 6 to 12, or 6 to 14 ring members. Aryl groups can be monocyclic, fiased to form bicyclic or tricyclic groups, or linked by a bond to form a biaryl group. Representative aryl groups e phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl. Other aryl groups include benzyl, having a methylene linking group. Some aryl groups have from 6 to 12 ring members, such as phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl. Other aryl groups have from 6 to 10 ring members, such as phenyl or yl.

Some other aryl groups have 6 ring members, such as phenyl. Aryl groups can be substituted or tituted.

"Heteroaryl" refers to a monocyclic or fused bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring assembly containing 5 to 16 ring atoms, where from 1 to 5 of the ring atoms are a heteroatom such as N, O or S. Additional heteroatoms can also be useful, including, but not limited to, B, A1, Si and P. The atoms can also be oxidized, such as, but not limited to, N—oxide, -S(O)- and -S(O)2-. Heteroaryl groups can include any number of ring atoms, such as, 3 to 6, 4to 6, 5 to 6, 3 to 8, 4to 8, 5 to 8, 6to 8, 3 to 9, 3 to 10, 3 to 11, or3 to 12ringmembers.

Any suitable number of heteroatoms can be included in the aryl groups, such as l, 2, 3, 4,or5,or l to2, l to3, l to4, l to 5,2to3,2to4,2t05,3to4,or3t05. Heteroaryl groups can have from 5 to 8 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, or from 5 to 8 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, or from 5 to 6 ring s and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, or from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms. The heteroaryl group can include groups such as pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazole, le, tetrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, ne(1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-isomers), thiophene, fiiran, le, isothiazole, e, and isoxazole. The heteroaryl groups can also be fused to aromatic ring s, such as a phenyl ring, to form members including, but not limited to, yrroles such as indole and isoindole, benzopyridines such as quinoline and isoquinoline, benzopyrazine (quinoxaline), benzopyrimidine (quinazoline), benzopyridazines such as phthalazine and cinnoline, benzothiophene, and benzofuran. Other heteroaryl groups include heteroaryl rings linked by a bond, such as bipyridine. Heteroaryl groups can be substituted or unsubstituted.

The heteroaryl groups can be linked Via any position on the ring. For example, pyrrole includes 1-, 2- and 3-pyrrole, pyridine includes 2-, 3- and 4-pyridine, imidazole includes 1-, 2-, 4- and 5-imidazole, pyrazole includes 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-pyrazole, triazole includes 1-, 4- and 5-triazole, tetrazole includes 1- and 5-tetrazole, pyrimidine includes 2-, 4-, - and 6- pyrimidine, pyridazine includes 3— and 4-pyridazine, 1,2,3-triazine includes 4- and -triazine, l,2,4-triazine es 3-, 5- and 6-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine includes 2-triazine, thiophene includes 2- and 3-thiophene, furan includes 2— and 3-furan, le includes 2-, 4- and 5-thiazole, isothiazole es 3-, 4- and 5-isothiazole, oxazole includes 2-, 4- and 5- oxazole, isoxazole includes 3-, 4- and 5—isoxazole, indole includes 1-, 2- and 3-indole, isoindole includes 1- and 2-isoindole, quinoline es 2-, 3- and oline, isoquinoline includes 1-, 3- and 4-isoquinoline, quinazoline includes 2- and oazoline, cinnoline includes 3- and 4-cinnoline, benzothiophene includes 2- and 3-benzothiophene, and benzofuran includes 2— and 3—benzofuran. id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22" id="p-22"

[0022] Some heteroaryl groups include those having from 5 to 10 ring members and from 1 to 3 ring atoms including N, O or S, such as pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, le, triazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine (1,2,3—, 1,2,4— and 1,3,5-isomers), thiophene, fiiran, thiazole, azole, oxazole, isoxazole, indole, isoindole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, phthalazine, cinnoline, benzothiophene, and benzofuran. Other heteroaryl groups include those having from 5 to 8 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyrazine, dine, pyridazine, triazine (l,2,3-, l,2,4- and l,3,5-isomers), thiophene, fiaran, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, and isoxazole. Some other heteroaryl groups include those having from 9 to 12 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, such as indole, isoindole, ine, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, phthalazine, cinnoline, benzothiophene, benzofuran and bipyridine.

Still other heteroaryl groups include those having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 2 ring heteroatoms including N, O or S, such as e, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, thiophene, furan, thiazole, azole, oxazole, and isoxazole.

Some heteroaryl groups include from 5 to 10 ring members and only nitrogen heteroatoms, such as pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine (1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and isomers), indole, isoindole, quinoline, noline, quinoxaline, oline, phthalazine, and cinnoline. Other heteroaryl groups include from 5 to 10 ring members and only oxygen heteroatoms, such as fiaran and benzofuran. Some other heteroaryl groups include from 5 to 10 ring members and only sulfur atoms, such as thiophene and hiophene. Still other heteroaryl groups include from 5 to 10 ring members and at least two heteroatoms, such as imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine (1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and l,3,5-isomers), le, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, quinoxaline, quinazoline, phthalazine, and cinnoline.

"Heteroatoms" refers to O, S or N.

"Salt" refers to acid or base salts of the compounds used in the s of the present ion. Illustrative examples ofpharmaceutically acceptable salts are mineral acid chloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, and the like) salts, organic acid (acetic acid, propionic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid and the like) salts, quaternary ammonium (methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, and the like) salts. It is understood that the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic. Additional information on suitable ceutically acceptable salts can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, which is incorporated herein by reference.

"Isomers" refers to compounds with the same chemical formula but which are urally distinguishable.

"Tautomer" refers to one of two or more structural isomers which exist in brium and which are readily converted from one form to another.

"Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" and "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" refer to a substance that aids the administration of an active agent to and absorption by a subject and can be ed in the compositions of the present invention without g a significant adverse toxicological effect on the patient. Non-limiting es of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include water, NaCl, normal saline solutions, lactated Ringer’s, normal sucrose, normal glucose, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coatings, sweeteners, flavors and colors, and the like. One of skill in the art will recognize that other pharmaceutical excipients are useful in the present invention.

"Modulating a glucocorticoid receptor" refers to methods for adjusting the response of a glucocorticoid receptor towards glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid antagonists, agonists, and partial agonists. The methods include contacting a glucocorticoid receptor with an effective amount of either an antagonist, an agonist, or a partial t and ing a change in GR activity.

"GR modulator" refers to compounds that agonize and/or antagonize the glucocorticoid or and are defined as compounds of Formula 1 below.

"Glucocorticoid receptor" ("GR") refers to a family of intracellular receptors which cally bind to cortisol and/or cortisol analogs (e.g. dexamethasone). The glucocorticoid or is also referred to as the cortisol receptor. The term includes ms of GR, recombinant GR and mutated GR.

"Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist" refers to any composition or compound which partially or completely inhibits (antagonizes) the binding of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist, such as cortisol, or cortisol analogs, synthetic or natural, to a GR. A fic glucocorticoid receptor antagonist" refers to any composition or compound which inhibits any biological response associated with the binding of a GR to an agonist. By "specific," the drug to preferentially bind to the GR rather than other nuclear receptors, such as mineralocorticoid or (MR) or terone receptor (PR).

"Contacting" refers to the process of ng into contact at least two distinct species such that they can react with one another or interact such that one has an effect on the other.

"Treat", "treating" and "treatment" refer to any indicia of success in the treatment or amelioration of an injury, pathology or condition, including any objective or subjective parameter such as abatement; remission; diminishing of symptoms or making the injury, pathology or ion more tolerable to the patient; slowing in the rate of degeneration or decline; making the final point of degeneration less debilitating; improving a patient's physical or mental well-being. The treatment or amelioration of symptoms can be based on objective or subjective parameters; including the results of a physical examination, neuropsychiatric exams, and/or a psychiatric evaluation.

"Patient" or "subject in need thereof" refers to a living sm suffering from or prone to a ion that can be treated by administration of a pharmaceutical composition as ed herein. Non—limiting examples include humans, other mammals and other non-mammalian animals. der" or "condition" refer to a state of being or health status of a patient or subject capable of being treated with the glucocorticoid receptor modulators of the present invention. es of disorders or conditions include, but are not limited to, obesity, hypertension, depression, anxiety, and Cushing's Syndrome. onizing" refers to blocking the binding of an agonist at a or molecule or to inhibiting the signal produced by a or-agonist. A or antagonist blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses. id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38" id="p-38"

[0038] peutically ive amount" refers to an amount of a conjugated functional agent or of a pharmaceutical composition useful for treating or ameliorating an identified disease or condition, or for exhibiting a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art.

Description of compounds of the present invention are limited by principles of chemical bonding known to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, where a group may be substituted by one or more of a number of substituents, such substitutions are selected so as to comply with principles of chemical bonding and to give compounds which are not inherently unstable and/or would be known to one of ordinary skill in the art as likely to be unstable under ambient conditions, such as aqueous, neutral, or physiological conditions.

III. Compounds The present invention es many filSCd azadecalin compounds. In some embodiments, the t invention es compounds having the formula: R1 O o o \\S// N" N @(Rzm (Rsa)n (1) wherein R1 of a I is a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, which can each independently be N, O, or S, optionally substituted with 1-4 groups, which can each independently be Rla. Each Rla of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 haloalkoxy, N-oxide, or C3_g cycloalkyl. Ring J of formula I can be an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, which can each independently be N, O, or S.

Each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, c1.6 alkoxy, c1.6 haloalkoxy, c1.6 alkyl-C1_6 alkoxy, —CN, -OH, -NR2aR2b, -C(O)R2a, -C(O)OR2a, -C(O)NR2aR2b, -SR2a, -S(O)R2a, -S(O)2R2a, (33-8 cycloalkyl, or C3_g heterocycloalkyl having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms wherein each can independently be N, O, or S. Alternatively, two R2 groups on adjacent ring atoms are combined to form a heterocycloalkyl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, which can each independently be N, O, or S, wherein the heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 R20 groups. R23, R2b and R20 of formula I can each independently be hydrogen or C1_6 alkyl. Each R321 of formula I can independently be a halogen. Subscript n of formula I can be an integer from 0 to 3. The compounds of formula I can also be the salts and s thereof.

In some embodiments, wherein R1 of formula I can be a heteroaryl ring having from to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O, or S, ally substituted with 1-3 groups each independently ed from R". Each R1a of a I can be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 haloalkoxy, or C3_g cycloalkyl. Ring J of formula I can be an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring s and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O, or S.

Each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, CN, -NR2aR2b, C3_g cycloalkyl, or C3_8 heterocycloalkyl having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O, or S. N, O, or S, n the heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally tuted with from 1 to 3 R20 groups. R23, R2b and R20 of formula I can each independently be hydrogen or C1_6 alkyl. Each R321 can ndently be halogen. Subscript n of formula I can be an integer from 0 to 3. The compounds of formula I can also be the salts and isomers thereof.

In some embodiments, R1 can be a aryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms which each can independently be N, O, or S, ally substituted with 1—2 groups which can each independently be Rla. Each R1a can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, or C1_6 haloalkyl. Ring J can be an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, which can independently be N or S. Each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl or -CN. R3a can be F. ipt n can be an integer from 0 to l. id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43" id="p-43"

[0043] In some embodiments, R1 can be a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms which can each independently be N or S, optionally substituted with 1-2 groups which can each ndently be Rla. Each R121 can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, or C1_6 haloalkyl. Ring J can be phenyl, pyridine, pyrazole, or triazole.

Each R2 can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl or -CN. R381 can be F.

In some ments, R1 can be pyridine or thiazole. Ring J can be phenyl, pyridine, pyrazole, or le. Each R2 can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 kyl or -CN. R3a can be F. In some embodiments, R1 can be zole, 4-thiazole, -thiazole, 2-pyridine, 3-pyridine, or dine. In some embodiments, R1 can be 2- pyridine; 2-thiazole; or 4-thiazole. In some embodiments, R1 can be pyridine. In some embodiments, R1 can be triazole. In some embodiments, R1a can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, or C1_6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, Rla can independently be hydrogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl.

In some embodiments, ring J can be phenyl, pyridine, pyrazole, or triazole. In some embodiments, ring J can be phenyl, 2—pyridine, 3—pyridine, 4-pyridine, l-pyrazole, 3- pyrazole, 4-pyrazole, 5-pyrazole, 1,2,3—triazol—4—yl, l,2,3,—triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, or l,2,4-triazolyl. In some embodiments, R2 can independently be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, F, Cl, or -CF3.

The compounds of the present invention include at least one stereogenic center at the bridgehead carbon. Accordingly, the compounds can include a mixture of isomers, including omers in a racemic mixture, or in enantiomerically pure mixtures that are ntially the R- or S-isomer. The compounds can also adopt a cis- or trans-conformation across the bridgehead carbons (carbons 4a and 8a) of the 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9—octahydro-1H- pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline portion of the compounds. In some embodiments, the compounds of formula I can have the following structure: Any suitable heteroaryl can be used for R1 in the compounds of the present invention, as defined in the definitions above. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can have from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O or S, ally substituted with 1-4 groups which can each independently be R". In some ments, the heteroaryl of R1 can have from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O or S, ally tuted with 1-4 groups which can each independently be R". In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can have from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 2 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O or S, optionally substituted with 1—4 groups which can each independently be R13. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can have from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 2 heteroatoms which can each ndently be N or S, optionally substituted with 1-4 groups which can each independently be R".

In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, furan, e, isoxazole, zole, thiophene, thiazole, isothiazole, azole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, or pyridazine. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be 2-pyrrole, 3—pyrrole, zole, 3—pyrazole, 4-pyrazole, 5-pyrazole, 2-imidazole, 4-imidazole, 5-imidazole, 1,2,3—triazol—4—yl, l,2,3,-triazolyl, l,2,4-triazolyl, l,2,4-triazolyl, l,2,3,4—tetrazol—l—yl, l,2,3,4,tetrazolyl, 2-furan, 3-fi1ran, 2-oxazole, 4-oxazole, 5-oxazole, 3—isoxazole, xazole, S-isooxazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 2-thiophene, 3-thiophene, 2-thiazole, 4—thiazole, 5—thiazole, 3-isothiazole, 4-isothiazole, S-isothiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, thiadiazol—5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazol—3-yl, thiadiazol—2-yl, 2-pyridine, 3-pyridine, 4-pyridine, pyrazine, 2-pyrimidine, 4-pyrimidine, 5—pyrimidine, 6—pyrimidine, dazine, dazine, S-pyridazine, or 6-pyridazine. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be pyrazole, ole, triazole, furan, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiophene, thiazole, ne, pyrazine or pyrimidine. In some embodiments, the aryl of R1 can be imidazole, furan, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiophene, thiazole, or pyridine. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be l-pyrazole, 3—pyrazole, 4—pyrazole, S—pyrazole, 2-imidazole, 4-imidazole, -imidazole, 1,2,3-triazol—4—yl, l,2,3,—triazol—5—yl, 1,2,4—triazolyl, triazolyl, 2-fi1ran, 3-furan, 2-oxazole, 4-oxazole, 5—oxazole, 1,2,4—oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol—2—yl, 2—thiophene, 3-thiophene, 2-thiazole, zole, 5-thiazole, 2-pyridine, 3-pyridine, 4-pyridine, pyrazine, 2-pyrimidine, 4-pyrimidine, S-pyrimidine, or 6-pyrimidine. In some embodiments, the aryl of R1 can be 3-pyrazole, 4-pyrazole, 2-imidazole, triazolyl, 2-furan, 2—oxazole, 4-oxazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 2-thiophene, 2-thiazole, 4-thiazole, 5-thiazole, 2-pyridine, 3-pyridine, 4-pyridine, ne, or 2-pyrimidine. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be 2-imidazole, 4-imidazole, S-imidazole, 2-furan, 3-furan, 2-oxazole, 4-oxazole, 5-oxazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 2-thiophene, 3-thiophene, 2-thiazole, 4—thiazole, 5—thiazole, 2-pyridine, 3-pyridine, or 4-pyridine.

In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be ne or thiazole. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be 2—thiazole, 4-thiazole, 5—thiazole, 2-pyridine, 3-pyridine, or 4-pyridine. In some embodiments, the aryl of R1 can be 2-thiazole, 4-thiazole or 2-pyridine. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be ne. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be thiazole.

In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be optionally substituted with 1-4 groups Which can each independently be R". In some embodiments, each R1a can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 haloalkoxy, -CN, N—oxide, C3_8 cycloalkyl, or C3_g heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R121 can ndently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_5 alkoxy or C3_g heterocycloalkyl.

In some embodiments, each R1a can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, C1_6 haloalkyl, or C1_6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, each R121 can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, or C1_6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, each R1&1 can independently be hydrogen or C1_6 alkyl.

The alkyl of R181 can be any suitable alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl, among others. In some embodiments, each R121 can independently be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, or pyrrolidinyl. In some embodiments, each R13 can independently be hydrogen, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. In some embodiments, each R1a can ndently be hydrogen or methyl.

In some embodiments, the heteroaryl of R1 can be 3-pyrazole, 4-pyrazole, 2-imidazole, l,2,4—triazol—5—yl, 2-furan, 2-oxazole, 4-oxazole, oxadiazolyl, phene, 2-thiazole, 4—thiazole, S—thiazole, 2—pyridine, 3-pyridine, 4-pyridine, pyrazine, or 2-pyrimidine, and Ring J can be dine, 3—pyridine, 4—pyridine, imidazol-Z-yl, imidazol- 4-yl, ol-S-yl, pyrazolyl, pyrazol—4—yl, pyrazol—S—yl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazol- S-yl, or isoxazolyl. id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52" id="p-52"

[0052] Ring J of formula I can be any suitable ring. In some embodiments, ring J of formula I can be a cycloalkyl ring, a heterocycloalkyl ring, an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring, wherein the heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl rings can have from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms which can each independently be N, O or S. In some embodiments, ring J can be heterocycloalkyl, aryl or aryl. le heterocycloalkyl groups include those defined in the definitions above. In some ments, the cycloalkyl can tetrahydrofuran. Suitable aryl groups for ring J include those defined in the definitions above. Representative aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl. In some embodiments, the aryl group of ring J can be phenyl. Suitable heteroaryl groups for ring J include those defined in the definitions above. Representative heteroaryl groups include pyrrole, pyridine, imidazole, pyrazole, le, tetrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, zine, triazine (1 ,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-isomers), thiophene, furan, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, and isoxazole. In some ments, the heteroaryl can be pyridyl or thiophene. In some embodiments, ring J can be aryl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments, ring J can be phenyl, pyridine, ole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, thiadiazole, isothiazole, or isoxazole. In some embodiments, ring J can be phenyl, pyridine, pyrazole or triazole. In some embodiments, ring J can be phenyl, 2-pyridine, dine, 4—pyridine, zole, 3—pyrazole, 4-pyrazole, 5-pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazolyl, l,2,3,-triazolyl, l,2,4—triazol—3—yl, and 1,2,4-triazolyl. In some embodiments, ring J can be phenyl. In some embodiments, ring J can be pyridine. In some embodiments, ring J can be pyrazole. In some embodiments, ring J can be triazole.

Ring J of a I can be substituted with any suitable number of R2 groups. Each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, c1_6 , c1_6 haloalkoxy, C1_6 alkyl-C1_6 , -CN, -OH, .NRZaRZb, —C(0)R23, -C(O)OR2", -C(O)NR2aR2b, -SR2", -S(O)R2a, —S(0)2R23, cg,8 cycloalkyl, or C3_g heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1-4 R2° groups. In some embodiments, each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 koxy, C1_6 C1_6 alkoxy, -CN, -NR2aR2b, -C(O)OR2a, —S(O)2R2a, C3_g cycloalkyl, or C3_g heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl group has 5—6 ring members and 1 to 2 heteroatoms. In some ments, each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 haloalkoxy, C1_6 alkyl-C1_6 alkoxy, -CN, -NR2aR2b, -S(O)2R2a, C3_g cycloalkyl, or C3_8 heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl group has 5-6 ring members and l to 2 heteroatoms. Each R2 of formula I can independently be hydrogen, c1_6 alkyl, n, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, c1_6 haloalkoxy, -CN, -NR2aR2b, C3_g cycloalkyl, or C3_g heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl groups are optionally substituted with 1-4 R20 groups. In some ments, each R2 can independently be hydrogen, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, -CN, or heterocycloalkyl having 5-6 ring members and l to 2 atoms wherein at least one heteroatom is N. Heterocycloalkyl groups having 5-6 ring members and l to 2 heteroatoms with at least one nitrogen include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, zine (1,2-, 1,3- and l,4-isomers), oxazolidine, isoxalidine, thiazolidine, isothiazolidine, morpholine, or thiomorpholine. In some embodiments, each R2 can independently be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, pyl, F, Cl, -CF3, CHzOMe, OMe, OCHFQ, -CN, -NMe2, -C(O)OH, -C(O)NMe2, -S(O)2Me, idine, piperidine or morpholine. In some embodiments, each R2 can independently be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, F, Cl, -CF3, OMe, OCHFZ, -CN, -NMe2, -S(O)2Me, pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine. In some ments, each R2 can independently be hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n—propyl, pyl, F, Cl, and -CF3. In some embodiments, R2 can be —CF3.

Ring J can be substituted with l, 2, 3 or 4 R2 groups. In some embodiments, ring J is substituted with l R2 group.

Alternatively, two R2 groups on adjacent atoms of Ring J can be combined to form a heterocycloalkyl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 3 heteroatoms that can each be N, O or S, wherein the heterocycloalkyl ring is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 R20 . When two R2 groups are combined, any suitable heterocycloalkyl groups can be formed. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl formed by the combination of two R2 groups can have 6 ring members and from 1 to 2 heteroatoms that can each be N, O or S. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl formed by the combination of two R2 groups can have 6 ring members and from I to 2 heteroatoms that can each be N or O. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl formed by the combination of two R2 groups can have 6 ring members and 2 atoms that can each be N or O. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl formed by the combination of two R2 groups can be morpholine. When ring I is pyridine and the heterocycloalkyl formed by the combination of two R2 groups, the ation can be any suitable pyrido—oxazine such as 3,4—dihydro-2H—pyrido[3,2- b][l ,4]oxazinyl. And when the two R2 groups are ed to form a heterocycloalkyl, the heterocycloalkyl can be substituted with from 1 to 3 R20 groups such as H or Me.

Several R2 groups can be further substituted with one or more of R2&1 and R21). R281 and R2b can each independently be hydrogen or C1_6 alkyl.

Each R381 can be any halogen. In some embodiments, each R321 group can independently be F, I, Cl, or Br. In some embodiments, R381 can be F. The R381 group can be present at any position on the phenyl ring to form a 2-, 3- or 4-substituted ring. In some embodiments, the phenyl ring is substituted at the 4-position. id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57" id="p-57"

[0057] Subscript n of formula I can be an integer from 0 to 3. In some embodiments, subscript n can be 0, l, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, subscript n can be 0 or 1. In some ments, subscript n can be 0. In some embodiments, subscript n can be 1.

When R3a of formula I is 4-fluoro, the compounds of the present invention can have the following structure: R1 O o o \\S// N" N | \@—1.4 F or F In some embodiments, the nd of formula I can be: ((4aR,8aS)— 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)((4—(trifluoromethy1)phenyl)sulfonyl)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0—1H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(pyridin yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)((3 ,4-dichloropheny1)sulfonyl)—1-(4-fluoropheny1)—4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9- dro- 1 H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a—y1)(pyridiny1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)((3 ,4-difluorophenyl)sulf0nyl)— 1 -(4-flu0r0pheny1)-4,4a,5 ,6,7,8 , 821,9- octahydro- 1 H—pyrazolo[3 ,4—g]isoquinolin-4a—y1)(pyridin-Z-yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((2-propyl-2H-1 ,2,3 oly1)su1fony1)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(pyridin y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)— 1 —(4—fluorophenyl)—6—(( 1 —propyl— 1 H—pyrazo1y1)su1f0ny1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9—octahydro—1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(pyridin yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluoropheny1)—6—((2—methy1—2H—1,2,3 -triazolyl)sulfonyl)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydr0—1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridinyl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)—1-(4-flu0r0phenyl)((1-propy1—1H-pyrazolyl)sulfony1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridiny1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)— 1 -(4-flu0r0pheny1)((1 —pr0py1— 1 zo1y1)su1f0ny1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0—1H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(thiazol yl)methanone, 8aS)(4-flu0ropheny1)—6-((3—flu0r0pheny1)sulfonyl)-4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9- octahydro- 1 zolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a—y1)(pyridiny1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)— 1 -(4-flu0r0phenyl)—6-((3—(trifluoromethy1)pheny1)su1fonyl)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-0ctahydr0-1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(pyridin yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((1-methyl-1H-pyrazoly1)su1fony1)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin—2—yl)methan0ne, ((4aR,8aS)—1-(4-flu0r0pheny1)—6—((1—methyl—1H—pyrazol-3 -y1)su1f0nyl)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydro—1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin—2—y1)methan0ne, ((4aR,8aS)—1-(4-flu0r0phenyl)((1—methyl-1H-pyrazol-5 -y1)sulf0nyl)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0—1H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- oromethyl)pyridin—2—y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)—6-((1-ethy1—1H-pyrazo1—4-y1)su1f0nyl)(4-fluorophenyl)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 octahydr0—1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridiny1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)—6-((1-ethy1—1H—pyrazol-S-yl)sulf0nyl)—1-(4-flu0r0pheny1)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridinyl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((4-(trifluoromethy1)pheny1)sulfony1)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9—octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(thiazol yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)—6—((2—isopropyl—2H—1 ,2,3 -triaz01—4-y1)sulfonyl)— 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 octahydro—1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(pyridin yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)—6-((2-ethy1—2H-1,2,3-triazol—4—y1)sulfonyl)(4-fluoropheny1)— 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydro-1 H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridinyl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((1—methyl-1H-1,2,3 -triazolyl)sulfony1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0—1H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2—y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)— 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)—6—((6—(trifluoromethyl)pyridiny1)su1fony1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydr0—1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(pyridin yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)—6—((2-methyl—2H—1 ,2,3 —triazoly1)sulfony1)- 4,4a,5 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0- 1 H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquin01in-4a-yl)(4- methylpyridinyl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((2-propyl-2H-1,2,3 -triazoly1)sulfony1)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(thiazol hanone, 3 -(((4aR, 8aS)—1-(4—fluorophenyI)—4a—picolinoyl—4a,5 ,7,8 , 8a,9-hexahydro-1H- pyrazolo [3 ,4-g]isoquino1in—6(4H)—yl)sulfonyl)benzonitrile, ((4aR,8 aS)—6-((3 -flu0ro(trifluoromethyl)pheny1)su1fony1)— 1 -(4-fluor0pheny1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0—1H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(pyridin y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)—1-(4-fluoropheny1)—6-((4—methyl-3,4—dihydro-2H-pyrido [3 ,2- b] [1 ziny1)su1f0ny1)—4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro- 1 z010[3 ,4- uinolin-4a—yl)(pyridin—Z-yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-flu0r0pheny1)—6—(( 1 —pr0pyl- 1 H— 1 ,2,3 -triazol-5 -y1)su1fony1)- ,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(thiazol yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((1-methyl-1H-1,2,3 -triazol-5 -y1)su1fony1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9—octahydro—1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquin01in-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin—2—y1)methan0ne, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluoropheny1)—6—((2—methyl—2H— 1 ,2,3 -triazoly1)sulfony1)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydro—1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(thiaz01 y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluoropheny1)((2-isopropy1—2H- 1 ,2,3 -triazoly1)su1fony1)— 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 octahydro- 1 H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(thiaz01 y1)rnethanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-flu0ropheny1)((1—isopropy1-1H-pyrazoly1)su1f0ny1)— 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-0ctahydr0—1H-pyraz010[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(pyridin y1)rnethanone, ((4aR,8aS)—6-((2-ethy1-2H-1,2,3—triazoly1)sulfony1)(4-fluoropheny1)— 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydr0—1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquino1in-4a-y1)(pyridin y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluoropheny1)—6—((2-methyl—2H—1 ,2,3 oly1)su1fony1)— 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-0ctahydr0-1H—pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(pyridin yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)((2-isopropyl-2H-1,2,3 -triazoly1)su1fony1)— 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3 ,4-g]isoquin01in-4a-y1)(4- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin—2—yl)methan0ne, ((4aR,8aS)—6-((2H— 1 ,2,3 —triazol—4—yl)sulfonyl)— 1 —(4—flu0r0pheny1)-4,4a,5 ,6,7,8 , 8a,9- octahydro- 1 H-pyrazolo[3 ,4—g]isoquinolin—4a-yl)(4-(trifluor0rnethy1)pyridin y1)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)((1—isopropyl-lH-l ,2,3 -triazolyl)sulfonyl)— 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro—lH-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(pyridin-2— yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)— l -(4-fluorophenyl)((6—(trifluoromethyl)pyridinyl)sulfonyl)- 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydro-l H-pyrazolo[3 ,4—g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(thiazol yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)— l -(4-fluorophenyl)—6—((6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridiny1)su1fonyl)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(thiazol yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)-l-(4-fluorophenyl)((2-methyl-2H-1,2,3 olyl)sulfonyl)- 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9—octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(thiazol yl)methanone, ((4aR,8aS)- l -(4-fluorophenyl)—6—((2—isopropyl—2H—l ,2,3 -triazolyl)sulfonyl)— 4,4a,5 ,6,7, 8 ,8a,9-octahydro—l H—pyrazolo[3 soquinolin-4a-yl)(thiazol yl)methanone, or ((4aR,8aS)—6-((2—ethyl-2H- l ,2,3-triazol—4—yl)sulfonyl)- l -(4-fluorophenyl)— 4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(thiazol yl)methanone.

The compounds of the present invention can also be the salts and isomers thereof.

In some embodiments, the compounds ofthe present invention include the salt forms thereof.

Examples of able salt forms include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, es, methanesulfonates, nitrates, maleates, acetates, citrates, fiamarates, tartrates (e. g. (+)-tartrates, (-)-tartrates or mixtures thereof including c mixtures), succinates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid. These salts may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in art. When compounds of the present invention n vely basic functionalities, acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent. Examples of able acid addition salts include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, ogenphosphoric, sulfuric, monohydrogensulfuric, hydriodic, or phosphorous acids and the like, as well as the salts derived from organic acids like acetic, propionic, yric, maleic, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, filmaric, lactic, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p—tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, methanesulfonic, and the like. Also included are salts of amino acids such as te and the like, and salts of organic acids like glucuronic or unoric acids and the like (see, for example, Berge et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts", Journal ofPharmaceutical e, 1977, 66, l-l9). Certain c compounds of the present invention contain functionalities that allow the compounds to be converted into base addition salts. Additional information on suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing y, Easton, Pa., 1985, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The neutral forms of the compounds are preferably regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid and isolating the parent nd in the conventional manner. The parent form of the compound differs from the s salt forms in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents.

Certain compounds of the t invention can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvated forms are equivalent to unsolvated forms and are encompassed within the scope of the t invention. n compounds of the present invention may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms. In general, all physical forms are equivalent for the uses contemplated by the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

Certain compounds of the present invention possess asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the enantiomers, racemates, diastereomers, tautomers, geometric isomers, stereoisometric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)-or (S)- or, as (D)— or (L)— for amino acids, and dual isomers are encompassed within the scope of the present invention. The compounds of the present invention do not include those which are known in art to be too unstable to synthesize and/or isolate. The t invention is meant to include compounds in c and optically pure forms. Optically active (R)- and (S)—, or (D)— and (L)—isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using tional techniques.

Isomers include nds having the same number and kind of atoms, and hence the same molecular weight, but differing in t to the structural arrangement or configuration of the atoms.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that certain compounds of this invention may exist in tautomeric forms, all such tautomeric forms of the compounds being within the scope of the invention. Tautomer refers to one of two or more structural isomers which exist in equilibrium and which are readily converted from one isomeric form to another.

Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all stereochemical forms of the structure; i.e., the R and S configurations for each asymmetric . Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric and reomeric mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention.

Unless otherwise stated, the compounds of the present invention may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds. For example, the compounds of the present invention may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example deuterium (2H), tritium (3H), iodine-125 , carbon-13 (13C), or carbon-14 (14C). All isotopic variations of the nds of the t invention, whether ctive or not, are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

In addition to salt forms, the present invention provides compounds, which are in a prodrug form. Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are those compounds that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to e the compounds of the present invention. Additionally, prodrugs can be converted to the compounds of the present invention by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to the compounds of the present invention when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a le enzyme or chemical reagent.

Compounds of the present invention can be ed as shown in Figure 1. ng materials can be obtained from commercial sources, by employing known synthetic methods, and by employing methods described in US. Patent No. 7,928,237, incorporated herein by reference. Esters I are converted to ketones IV by reaction with an appropriate organometallic reagent such as a Grignard reagent, an organolithium t, an organoboron reagent, an organocerium reagent or an organozinc reagent in a solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofuran, or a similar aprotic solvent. Preferably, the reaction is d out by using an aryl m reagent in a solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofuran. It may be advantageous to carry out the reaction at reduced temperature. s of a IV are also prepared by reaction of an aldehyde of formula II with an appropriate organometallic reagent ed by oxidation of the resultant alcohols of formula III with a le oxidizing agent such as the Dess-Martin periodinane reagent in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane. The tert- butoxycarbonyl protecting group is removed from IV by treatment with an acid, such as HCl, HBr, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid, preferably HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, optionally in a solvent such as dioxane, dichloromethane, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran, either under anhydrous or aqueous conditions. Preferably, the reaction is carried out using either HCl in e, or roacetic acid in dichloromethane. Amines V are converted to the compounds of formula (1) by treatment with an appropriate substituted sulfonyl halide, such as the sulfonyl chloride VI, in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, toluene or tetrahydrofuran, ably dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as N,N—di-isopropylethylamine or ylamine. It may be convenient to carry out the sulfonylation reaction in situ, without isolation of the amine V. Compounds of formula (1) can also be prepared from amines of a V in a two-step sequence beginning with reaction of amines V with a halo-substituted sulfonyl chloride, VI], to afford a halo- tuted sulfonamide tive exemplified by VIII (in which X represents a halogen).

The halogen substituent X can be converted in a substituent R2 by any standard method known to those skilled in the art.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (1) are ed as shown Figure 2. The tert- butoxycarbonyl protecting group is removed from I by treatment with an acid, such as HCl, HBr, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid, preferably HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, optionally in a solvent such as dioxane, dichloromethane, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran, either under anhydrous or aqueous ions. Preferably, the reaction is carried out using either HCl in dioxane, or trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane. Amines IX are ted to the sulfonamides of formula X as described for the conversion of amines of formula V into sulfonamides of formula (1). The ester group in compounds of formula X is converted to an aldehyde of formula XI by using a ng agent such as DIBAL-H, LiAlH4 or RED-AL, preferably DIBAL-H in an inert t such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene or toluene, preferably dichloromethane. It may be convenient to convert X into XI using a ep process involving reduction of the ester to an alcohol and subsequent oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde of formula XI. The oxidation can be carried out using any suitable procedure, such as the Swem on, or an oxidizing reagent such as the Dess-Martin periodinane reagent in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane.

Aldehydes of formula XI are converted into alcohols of formula XII using a le organometallic reagent, such as a Grignard reagent, an organolithium reagent, an organoboron reagent, an organocerium reagent or an organozinc reagent. Alcohols of formula XII are converted into ketones of formula (1) by oxidation. Suitable oxidation conditions include the Swem reaction and the use ofthe Dess—Martin periodinane reagent. Alternatively, esters of a X are converted directly to ketones of a (1) using an appropriate organometallic reagent, preferably an aryl lithium t in a suitable solvent, such as ether or tetrahydrofuran.

Compounds of formula I in which J represents a triazole and R2 represents alkyl require the sis of the appropriate triazole sulfonyl chloride. The triazole sulfonyl chlorides employed in the current invention may be prepared by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art, such as the method depicted in Figure 3. In Figure 3, alk represents an alkyl group. The commercially ble triazole thiol XIII is converted into a suitably protected thiol, such as the benzylthio triazole XIV, using any suitable conditions known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, thiol XIII is treated with benzyl bromide in a suitable solvent, such as ethanol. Alkylation of a protected thiol, such as benzyl thiol XIV provides a mixture of three regioisomeric alkyl pyrazoles XVa, XVb and XVc. The exact ratio of the products depends on the conditions used for the alkylation reaction. For example, the use of an appropriate alkyl iodide in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of potassium ate provides triazole XVa as the major product. The hemistry of the alkylated triazoles is determined using any suitable method known to those d in the art. For example, regiochemistry may be assigned by comparison with information in the scientific literature, by undertaking NOE experiments, by chemical manipulation to provide compounds ofknown structure, or by comparison with samples made by an alternative, unambiguous synthetic route. For example, the tic route depicted in Figure 4 specifically provides triazole sulfides of formula XVc. In Figure 4, alk represents an alkyl group .

Triazoles of formula XV are converted into yl des of formula XVI using any appropriate method known to those d in the art. For example, oxidative cleavage of the thiobenzyl group using a suitable oxidizing agent may be employed. The use ofN- chlorosuccinimide or chlorine gas, in a suitable solvent such as acetic acid, provides sulfonyl chlorides of formula XVI.

IV. Pharmaceutical Compositions In some embodiments, the present ion provides a pharmaceutical composition including a compound of the t invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

A. Formulation The compositions of the present invention can be ed in a wide variety of oral, parenteral and topical dosage forms. Oral preparations include tablets, pills, powder, dragees, capsules, liquids, lozenges, cachets, gels, syrups, slurries, sions, etc., suitable for ingestion by the t. The itions of the present invention can also be administered by injection, that is, intravenously, intramuscularly, utaneously, subcutaneously, intraduodenally, or intraperitoneally. Also, the compositions described herein can be administered by inhalation, for example, intranasally. Additionally, the compositions of the present invention can be administered transdermally. The compositions of this ion can also be administered by intraocular, intravaginal, and intrarectal routes including suppositories, insufflation, powders and aerosol formulations (for examples of steroid inhalants, see Rohatagi, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 35:1187—1193, 1995; Tjwa, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 75: 107-1 1 l, 1995). Accordingly, the present ion also provides pharmaceutical compositions including a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and a compound of the present invention.

For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include s, tablets, pills, es, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible es. A solid r can be one or more substances, which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an ulating material. Details on techniques for formulation and administration are well described in the scientific and patent literature, see, e.g., the latest edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maack Publishing Co, Easton PA ("Remington's").

In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid, which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component. In tablets, the active ent is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding ties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. The powders and tablets preferably contain from 5% or 10% to 70% of the compounds of the present invention.

Suitable solid excipients include, but are not limited to, magnesium carbonate; magnesium stearate; talc; pectin; n; starch; tragacanth; a low melting wax; cocoa butter; carbohydrates; sugars including, but not limited to, e, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol, starch from corn, wheat, rice, potato, or other plants; cellulose such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, or sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and gums including arabic and tragacanth; as well as proteins including, but not limited to, gelatin and collagen.

If desired, disintegrating or lizing agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, alginic acid, or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.

Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings such as concentrated sugar solutions, which may also contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or t mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for product fication or to characterize the quantity of active compound (i.e., dosage).

Pharmaceutical preparations of the invention can also be used orally using, for example, push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed es made of gelatin and a coating such as glycerol or sorbitol. Push—fit capsules can contain the compounds of the present invention mixed with a filler or binders such as lactose or es, lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate, and, optionally, stabilizers. In soft capsules, the compounds of the t invention may be dissolved or suspended in suitable s, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycol with or t stabilizers.

For preparing suppositories, a low melting wax, such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter, is first melted and the compounds of the present invention are dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.

Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water or water/propylene glycol solutions. For parenteral injection, liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in s polyethylene glycol solution.

Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the compounds of the present invention in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizers, and ning agents as desired. Aqueous sions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with Viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum , and dispersing or wetting agents such as a naturally occurring phosphatide (e.g., lecithin), a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a fatty acid (e.g., yethylene stearate), a sation t of ethylene oxide with a long chain aliphatic alcohol (e.g., heptadecaethylene oxycetanol), a condensation product of ethylene oxide with a partial ester derived from a fatty acid and a hexitol (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitol mono-oleate), or a sation t of ne oxide with a partial ester derived from fatty acid and a hexitol anhydride (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate). The aqueous suspension can also contain one or more vatives such as ethyl or n-propyl oxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose, aspartame or saccharin. Formulations can be adjusted for osmolarity.

Also included are solid form ations, which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration. Such liquid forms e solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, lizing agents, and the like.

Oil suspensions can be formulated by suspending the compounds of the present ion in a vegetable oil, such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin; or a mixture of these. The oil suspensions can contain a thickening agent, such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents can be added to provide a palatable oral preparation, such as glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose. These formulations can be preserved by the addition of an antioxidant such as ascorbic acid. As an example of an injectable oil vehicle, see Minto, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281 :93-102, 1997.

The pharmaceutical formulations of the invention can also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase can be a vegetable oil or a mineral oil, described above, or a e of these. Suitable emulsifying agents include lly-occurring gums, such as gum acacia and gum tragacanth, naturally occurring phosphatides, such as soybean lecithin, esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, such as sorbitan mono- oleate, and sation products of these partial esters with ethylene oxide, such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate. The emulsion can also contain sweetening agents and flavoring agents, as in the formulation of syrups and elixirs. Such ations can also contain a demulcent, a preservative, or a coloring agent.

The compositions of the present invention can also be delivered as microspheres for slow release in the body. For e, microspheres can be ated for administration via intradermal injection of drug—containing microspheres, which slowly release subcutaneously (see Rao, J. er Sci. Polym. Ed. 7:623-645, 1995; as biodegradable and injectable gel formulations (see, e.g., Gao Pharm. Res. 12:857-863, 1995); or, as microspheres for oral administration (see, e.g., Eyles, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. -674, 1997). Both transdermal and intradermal routes afford constant delivery for weeks or months.

In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention can be formulated for parenteral administration, such as intravenous (IV) administration or administration into a body cavity or lumen of an organ. The formulations for administration will commonly comprise a solution of the compositions of the present invention dissolved in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water and Ringer's solution, an isotonic sodium chloride. In on, sterile fixed oils can conventionally be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid can likewise be used in the preparation of inj ectables.

These solutions are e and generally free of undesirable matter. These formulations may be sterilized by conventional, well known sterilization techniques. The ations may contain pharmaceutically able auxiliary substances as required to approximate physiological ions such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, toxicity adjusting agents, e.g., sodium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, m chloride, sodium lactate and the like. The tration of the compositions of the present invention in these formulations can vary widely, and will be selected primarily based on fluid volumes, viscosities, body weight, and the like, in accordance with the particular mode of administration selected and the patient's needs. For IV administration, the ation can be a sterile inj ectable preparation, such as a sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension.

This suspension can be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending . The sterile able preparation can also be a sterile inj e solution or suspension in a nontoxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, such as a solution of 1,3-butanediol.

In another embodiment, the formulations of the compositions of the present invention can be delivered by the use of mes which fuse with the cellular membrane or are endocytosed, i.e., by employing ligands attached to the liposome, or ed directly to the oligonucleotide, that bind to e membrane protein receptors of the cell resulting in endocytosis. By using liposomes, particularly where the liposome e carries ligands specific for target cells, or are otherwise preferentially directed to a specific organ, one can focus the delivery of the compositions of the present invention into the target cells in vivo.

(See, e.g., Al-Muhammed, J. Microencapsul. 13:293-306, 1996; Chonn, Curr. Opin.

Biotechnol. 6:698-708, 1995; Ostro, Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 46: 1576-1587, 1989). based drug delivery systems include lipid solutions, lipid emulsions, lipid dispersions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems ) and self-microemulsifying drug ry systems (SMEDDS). In particular, SEDDS and SMEDDS are isotropic mixtures of , surfactants and factants that can disperse spontaneously in s media and form fine emulsions (SEDDS) or mulsions (SMEDDS). Lipids useful in the formulations of the present ion include any natural or synthetic lipids including, but not limited to, sesame seed oil, olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, fatty acid esters, ol esters, Labrafil®, Labrasol®, Cremophor®, Solutol®, Tween®, Capryol®, Capmul®, Captex®, and Peceol®.

B. Administration The compounds and compositions of the present invention can be delivered by any suitable means, including oral, parenteral and topical methods. Transdermal stration methods, by a l route, can be ated as applicator sticks, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, gels, creams, ointments, pastes, jellies, paints, powders, and aerosols.

The pharmaceutical preparation is preferably in unit dosage form. In such form the preparation is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the compounds and compositions of the present invention. The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packeted tablets, es, and powders in vials or ampoules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a capsule, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form. id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90" id="p-90"

[0090] The compounds and compositions of the present invention can be co-administered with other agents. Co-administration includes administering the compound or composition of the present invention within 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, or 24 hours of the other agent.

Co-administration also includes administering simultaneously, approximately simultaneously (e.g., within about 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 minutes of each other), or sequentially in any order.

Moreover, the compounds and compositions of the present invention can each be administered once a day, or two, three, or more times per day so as to provide the preferred dosage level per day.

In some ments, inistration can be accomplished by co-formulation, i.e., preparing a single pharmaceutical composition including the compounds and compositions of the present invention and any other agent. atively, the various components can be formulated separately.

The compounds and compositions of the present invention, and any other agents, can be present in any suitable amount, and can depend on various factors ing, but not limited to, weight and age of the subject, state of the disease, etc. Suitable dosage ranges include from about 0.1 mg to about 10,000 mg, or about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, or about 10 mg to about 750 mg, or about 25 mg to about 500 mg, or about 50 mg to about 250 mg. le dosages also include about 1 mg, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 or 1000 mg.

The composition can also contain other compatible eutic agents. The compounds described herein can be used in combination with one another, with other active agents known to be useful in modulating a glucocorticoid receptor, or with adjunctive agents that may not be effective alone, but may bute to the efficacy of the active agent.

V. Method of Modulating a Glucocorticoid Receptor and Treating a Disorder In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of modulating a glucocorticoid receptor including contacting a glucocorticoid receptor with a compound of the present invention, y modulating the glucocorticoid receptor.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a disorder through nizing a glucocorticoid receptor, including administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, thereby treating the disorder.

In some other embodiments, the present invention provides a method of ng a disorder through antagonizing a glucocorticoid receptor, the method including administering to a t in need of such treatment, an effective amount of the compound of the present invention, y treating the disorder.

In an exemplary embodiment, the GR tor is an antagonist of GR activity (also referred to herein as "a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist"). A glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, as used herein, refers to any composition or compound which partially or completely inhibits (antagonizes) the binding of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist (e.g. cortisol and synthetic or natural cortisol analog) to a GR thereby inhibiting any biological response associated with the binding of a GR to the agonist.

In a related embodiment, the GR modulator is a specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. As used , a specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist refers to a composition or nd which inhibits any biological response associated with the binding of a GR to an agonist by preferentially binding to the GR rather than another nuclear receptor (NR). In some embodiments, the specific orticoid receptor nist binds preferentially to GR rather than the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or terone receptor (PR). In an exemplary embodiment, the specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist binds preferentially to GR rather than the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). In another ary embodiment, the specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist binds preferentially to GR rather than the progesterone receptor (PR).

In a related embodiment, the specific glucocorticoid or antagonist binds to the GR with an association constant (Kd) that is at least 10-fold less than the Kd for other nuclear or. In another embodiment, the specific glucocorticoid or antagonist binds to the GR with an association constant (Kd) that is at least lOO-fold less than the Kd for the other nuclear receptor. In another ment, the specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist binds to the GR with an association constant (Kd) that is at least lOOO-fold less than the Kd for the other nuclear receptor.

Examples of ers or conditions suitable for use with present invention include, but are not limited to, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, Syndrome X, depression, anxiety, glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency me (AIDS), neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington’s disease, cognition ement, Cushing’s me, Addison's Disease, osteoporosis, y, muscle frailty, inflammatory diseases, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and rhinitis, adrenal fianction—related ailments, viral infection, immunodeficiency, immunomodulation, autoimmune es, allergies, wound healing, compulsive behavior, multi-drug resistance, addiction, psychosis, anorexia, cachexia, post- traumatic stress disorder, post-surgical bone fracture, medical catabolism, major psychotic depression, mild cognitive impairment, psychosis, dementia, hyperglycemia, central serous pathy, alcohol dependence, stress ers, antipsychotic induced weight gain, delirium, cognitive impairment in depressed patients, cognitive oration in duals with Down's syndrome, psychosis associated with interferon-alpha therapy, chronic pain, pain associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, postpartum psychosis, postpartum depression, neurological disorders in premature s, ne headaches, and cancers such as n, breast and prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the disorder or condition can be major psychotic depression, stress disorders or antipsychotic induced weight gain. In other embodiments, the disorder or condition can be Cushing’s Syndrome.

A. Binding Assays GR modulators of this invention can be tested for binding activity in a variety of assays. For example, by screening for the ability to compete with a GR ligand, such as dexamethasone, for binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. Those of skill in the art will recognize that there are a number of ways to perform such competitive binding assays. In some embodiments, GR is pre-incubated with a labeled GR ligand and then contacted with a test compound. This type of competitive binding assay may also be referred to herein as a g displacement assay. Alteration (e.g., a se) of the quantity of ligand bound to GR indicates that the molecule is a ial GR modulator. Alternatively, the binding of a test compound to GR can be measured directly with a labeled test compound. This latter type of assay is called a direct binding assay.

Both direct binding assays and competitive binding assays can be used in a variety of different formats. The formats may be r to those used in immunoassays and receptor binding assays. For a description of different formats for binding assays, including competitive binding assays and direct binding assays, see Basic and Clinical Immunology 7th Edition (D. Stites and A. Terr ed.) 1991; Enzyme assay, E.T. Maggio, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1980); and "Practice and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays," P.

Tijssen, Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and lar Biology, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam (1985), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103" id="p-103"

[0103] In solid phase competitive g assays, for example, the sample compound can compete with a labeled e for specific binding sites on a binding agent bound to a solid surface. In this type of format, the labeled e can be a GR ligand and the binding agent can be GR bound to a solid phase. Alternatively, the labeled e can be labeled GR and the binding agent can be a solid phase GR ligand. The concentration of labeled analyte bound to the capture agent is inversely proportional to the ability of a test compound to compete in the binding assay.

Alternatively, the competitive binding assay may be conducted in liquid phase, and any of a variety of techniques known in the art may be used to separate the bound labeled protein from the unbound labeled n. For example, several procedures have been developed for guishing between bound ligand and excess bound ligand or between bound test compound and the excess unbound test compound. These include fication of the bound complex by sedimentation in sucrose gradients, gel electrophoresis, or gel isoelectric focusing; precipitation of the receptor—ligand complex with protamine sulfate or adsorption on hydroxylapatite; and the removal of unbound compounds or ligands by adsorption on dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) or binding to immobilized antibody. ing separation, the amount of bound ligand or test compound is ined. id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105" id="p-105"

[0105] Alternatively, a homogenous binding assay may be med in which a separation step is not needed. For example, a label on the GR may be altered by the g of the GR to its ligand or test nd. This alteration in the labeled GR results in a decrease or increase in the signal emitted by label, so that measurement of the label at the end of the binding assay allows for detection or quantitation of the GR in the bound state. A wide y of labels may be used. The component may be labeled by any one of several methods. Useful radioactive labels include those incorporating 3H, 125I, 358, 14C, or 32P.

Useful non-radioactive labels include those incorporating fluorophores, chemiluminescent agents, phosphorescent agents, electrochemiluminescent agents, and the like. Fluorescent agents are especially useful in analytical techniques that are used to detect shifts in protein structure such as fluorescence anisotropy and/or cence polarization. The choice of label depends on sensitivity ed, ease of conjugation with the compound, stability requirements, and available instrumentation. For a review of various labeling or signal ing systems which may be used, see US. Patent No. 4,391,904, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The label may be coupled directly or indirectly to the desired ent of the assay according to methods well known in the art.

High-throughput screening methods may be used to assay a large number of potential modulator compounds. Such "compound libraries" are then screened in one or more assays, as described herein, to fy those library members (particular chemical species or sses) that display a desired characteristic activity. Preparation and screening of chemical libraries is well known to those of skill in the art. Devices for the preparation of chemical libraries are commercially available (see, e.g., 357 MPS, 390 MPS, ed Chem Tech, Louisville KY, Symphony, Rainin, Woburn, MA, 433A Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, 9050 Plus, Millipore, Bedford, MA).

B. Cell-Based Assays Cell-based assays involve whole cells or cell fractions containing GR to assay for binding or modulation of activity of GR by a compound of the present invention. Exemplary cell types that can be used according to the methods of the invention include, e.g., any mammalian cells including leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells, leukemias, t's mas, tumor cells ding mouse mammary tumor virus cells), endothelial cells, fibroblasts, cardiac cells, muscle cells, breast tumor cells, ovarian cancer carcinomas, cervical carcinomas, glioblastomas, liver cells, kidney cells, and al cells, as well as fungal cells, including yeast. Cells can be primary cells or tumor cells or other types of immortal cell lines. Of course, GR can be expressed in cells that do not express an endogenous version of GR.

In some cases, fragments of GR, as well as protein fusions, can be used for screening. When molecules that compete for binding with GR s are desired, the GR fragments used are fragments capable ofbinding the ligands (e.g., thasone).

Alternatively, any fragment of GR can be used as a target to identify molecules that bind GR.

GR fragments can include any fragment of, e.g., at least 20, 30, 40, 50 amino acids up to a protein containing all but one amino acid of GR. id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109" id="p-109"

[0109] In some ments, signaling triggered by GR activation is used to fy GR modulators. Signaling activity of GR can be determined in many ways. For example, downstream molecular events can be red to determine signaling activity. Downstream events include those activities or manifestations that occur as a result of stimulation of a GR receptor. Exemplary downstream events useful in the functional evaluation of transcriptional activation and antagonism in unaltered cells include lation of a number of glucocorticoid response element (GRE)—dependent genes (PEPCK, tyrosine amino transferase, aromatase). In addition, specific cell types susceptible to GR activation may be used, such as osteocalcin expression in osteoblasts which is downregulated by glucocorticoids; primary hepatocytes which exhibit glucocorticoid mediated upregulation of PEPCK and glucosephosphate (GPase)). GRE-mediated gene expression has also been demonstrated in transfected cell lines using well-known GRE-regulated sequences (e.g. the mouse mammary tumor virus er (MMTV) transfected upstream of a er gene construct). Examples of useful reporter gene constructs include luciferase (luc), ne atase (ALP) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). The fimctional evaluation of transcriptional repression can be carried out in cell lines such as monocytes or human skin fibroblasts. Useful onal assays include those that measure ta stimulated IL-6 expression; the downregulation of collagenase, cyclooxygenase-2 and various ines (MCP-l, RANTES); LPS stimulated cytokine release, e.g., TNFu; or expression of genes regulated by NFkB or AP—l transcription factors in transfected cell-lines. lly, compounds that are tested in whole—cell assays are also tested in a cytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxicity assays are used to determine the extent to which a perceived modulating effect is due to non-GR binding cellular effects. In an exemplary embodiment, the cytotoxicity assay includes contacting a constitutively active cell with the test nd.

Any se in cellular activity indicates a cytotoxic effect.

C. Specificity The compounds of the present invention may be subject to a specificity assay (also referred to herein as a selectivity assay). Typically, specificity assays include testing a compound that binds GR in vitro or in a cell-based assay for the degree of binding to non-GR proteins. ivity assays may be performed in vitro or in cell based systems, as described above. Binding may be tested against any appropriate non-GR protein, including dies, receptors, enzymes, and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, the non-GR binding protein is a cell-surface receptor or nuclear or. In another ary embodiment, the non-GR protein is a d receptor, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, or mineralocorticoid receptor.

The terms and expressions which have been employed herein are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described, or portions thereof, it being recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Moreover, any one or more features of any embodiment of the invention may be combined with any one or more other features of any other embodiment of the invention, without departing from the scope of the ion. For e, the features of the GR modulator compounds are equally applicable to the methods of treating disease states and/or the ceutical compositions described herein. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

VI. Examples Structures are named according to standard IUPAC lature using the CambridgeSoft ChemDraw naming package. id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114" id="p-114"

[0114] 1H NMR a were recorded at ambient temperature using a Bruker Avance 111 spectrometer (400 MHz).

Mass spectrometry (LCMS) experiments to determine retention times and associated mass ions were performed as follows: experiments were med using an Agilent Infinity 1260 LC 6120 quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive and negative ion electrospray and ELS / UV @ 254nm detection using an Agilent Zorbax Extend C18, Rapid Resolution HT 1.8 micron C18 30 x 4.6 mm column and a 2.5 mL / minute flow rate. The initial solvent system was 95% water containing 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and 5% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (solvent B) ramping up to 5% t A and 95% solvent B over the next 3.0 minutes, the flow rate was then increased to 4.5 mL / minute and held for 0.5 minutes at 95% B. Over 0.1 minute the nt was returned to 95% A and 5% B and 3.5 mL / minute and was held at these conditions for 0.3 minutes; the final 0.1 minute resulted in the return to the initial starting conditions, 95% A 5% B at 2.5 mL /minute.

Intermediate 1A. 4aR 8aS -meth ll- 4-flu0r0 hen l 4- trifluorometh l hen l sulfon l -4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH— razolo 3 4- g | isoguinoline-4a-carboxylate A solution of (4aR,8aS)—6-tert-buty1 4a—methyl 1-(4-fluorophenyl)—4a,5,7,8,8a,9- hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline-4a,6(4H)-dicarboxylate (WO 2005087769; 0.35 g, 0.815 mmol) in HCl (4M solution in dioxane) (4.07 ml, 16.30 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then solvent was evaporated to give a white solid. This material was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and Hunig's Base (0.712 ml, 4.07 mmol), then 4- oromethyl)benzene-l-sulfonyl chloride (0.239 g, 0.978 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 days, before solvent was evaporated, and the crude product was d by column tography on silica gel (gradient: 20- 40% ethyl acetate in isohexane) to afford (4aR,8aS)-methyl 1-(4-fluorophenyl)((4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)—4,4a,5 ,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro- 1 zolo [3 ,4- g]isoquinoline-4a—carboxylate (0.38 g) as a colourless gum, LCMS: RT 2.66 min, m+H = 538.0.

The following intermediates were similarly prepared from appropriate starting materials: Intermediate 1B. 4aR 8aS -meth l6— 34—dichlor0 hen lsulfon l 4-flu0r0 hen l- 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4— iso uinoline—4a-carb0x late LCMS: RT 3.12 min, m+H = 538.1/540.l Intermediate 1C. 4aR 8aS -meth 16- 3 4-difluoro hen l sulfon l 4-flu0r0 hen l - 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a h dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinoline-4a-carbox late MeO O LCMS: RT 2.80 min, m+H = 506.0.

Intermediate 2A. 421R 8aS -tert-but l 1- 4-flu0r0 hen 1 -4a- icolino 1-43 5 7 8 8a 9- hexah dro-lH— razolo 3 4- iso uinoline—6 4H -carb0x late 2-Bromopyridine (0.690 ml, 7.10 mmol) in dry ydrofilran (5 ml) was added to butyllithium (2.5M in hexanes) (2.91 ml, 7.28 mmol) in dry ydrofuran (3 m1) at -78 °C.

The reaction mixture was stirred at —78 °C for 45 minutes. A solution of (4aR,8aS)tert- butyl 4a-methy1 l-(4-fluoropheny1)—4a,5,7,8,8a,9—hexahydro- 1 H-pyrazolo [3 ,4-g]isoquinoline- 4a,6(4H)—dicarboxylate (1.0 g, 2.328 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (8 ml) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 45 minutes at -78 °C. Water (10 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 m1), dried (magnesium sulfate), and the solvent removed to give a brown oil. The crude product was d by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient: -70% ethyl acetate in isohexane) to afford aS)—tert-buty1 uoropheny1)-4a- picolinoy1-4a,5 ,7,8 , 8a,9-hexahydro- l H-pyrazolo[3 soquino1ine-6(4H)—carboxy1ate (766 mg) as a pale yellow solid, LCMS: RT 2.70 min, m+H = 477.

The following intermediates were similarly prepared from appropriate starting materials: Intermediate 2B. 4aR 8aS -tert-but l 1- 4-flu0ro hen 1 -4a- 4- trifluorometh l icolino 1 -4a 5 7 8 8a 9-hexah dr0-1H- razolo 3 4- iso uinoline- carboxylate id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122" id="p-122"

[0122] LCMS: RT 2.88 min, m+H = 545.3.

Intermediate 2C. 4aR 8aS -tert—but l 1- 4—flu0r0 hen 1 -4a- thiazole—2-carb0n l - 4a 5 7 8 8a 9-hexah dr0-1H- razolo 3 4- iso uinoline-6 4H -carbox late Using diethyl ether as solvent in place of tetrahydrofilran. LCMS: RT 2.67 min, m+H = 482.9.

Intermediate 2D. R -tert-but ll- 4-fluoro hen l-4a- 4-meth l icolino 1- 4a 5 7 8 8a 9-hexah dr0-1H- razolo 3 4- iso uinoline-6 4H -carbox late LCMS: RT 2.77 min, m+H = 491.3.

Intermediate 2E. R -tert-bu l 1- 4-flu0r0 hen 1 -4a- thiazole—S-carbon 1 -4a 5 7 8 8a 9-hexah dr0-1H- razolo 3 4- iso uinoline—6 4H -carb0x late Using diethyl ether as solvent in place of tetrahydrofuran. LCMS: RT 2.51 min, m+H = 483.2.

Intermediate 3A. 4- ben lthio -1H-1 2 3-triazole NaN WC) Hifs Benzyl bromide (11.79 ml, 99 mmol) was added dropwise to a on of sodium 1H-1,2,3-triazolethiolate (12.2 g, 99 mmol) in l (100 ml) at 0 CC. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 m1) and washed with water (100 ml), brine (100 ml) and dried m sulfate). The solvent was removed to give 4-(benzylthio)—1H-1,2,3- triazole (16.9 g) as a white solid, LCMS: RT 1.66 min, m+H = 191; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDClg): 8 9.72 (1H, v br s), 7.47 (1H, s), 7.30—7.21 (5H, m), 4.12 (2H, s).

Intermediate 3B. 2- Benz lthio trifluorometh l ridine ©Vs N\ CF3 To a suspension of sodium hydride (0.170 g, 4.24 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added benzylthiol (0.338 ml, 2.88 mmol) dropwise at 0 OC. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 minutes then 2-fluoro-6—(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (0.365 ml, 3.03 mmol) was added dropwise. The on e was stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes.

Methanol (1 ml) was added carefully and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for a further minutes then water (5 ml) and romethane (10 ml) were added. The organic layer was recovered using a phase separator cartridge then concentrated in vacuo to give 2- (benzylthio)—6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (538 mg) as a colourless oil. LCMS: RT 2.80 min, m+H = 270. 1.

Intermediate 4A. 4- Benz lthio meth l-2H-l 2 3-triazole Iodomethane (2.409 ml, 38.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a mixture of 4- (benzylthio)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (3.7 g, 19.35 mmol) and potassium carbonate (5.88 g, 42.6 mmol) in N,N—dimethylformamide (40 ml) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and d for 1 hour. Water (40 ml) and ethyl acetate (40 ml) were added and the phases separated. The organic phase was washed with water (2 x 40 ml), brine (40 ml), dried (sodium sulfate) and solvent was removed to give a yellow oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient: 0-100% ethyl acetate in isohexane) to afford 4-(benzylthio)methyl—2H—l,2,3-triazole (1.61 g) as the major and first-eluting regioisomeric product, as a colourless oil, LCMS: RT 2.05 min, m+H = 206; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 5 7.68 (1H, s), 7.35 — 7.19 (5H, m), 4.18 (2H, s), 4.11 (3H, s).

Intermediate 4B. 4- Benz lthio meth l-lH-l 2 3-triazole Obtained as a pale yellow oil (883 mg) as the third—eluting regioisomeric product from the reaction above. LCMS: RT 1.68 min, m+H = 206; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 8.02 (1H, s), 7.34 - 7.19 (5H, m), 4.12 (2H, s), 4.00 (3H, s). id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130" id="p-130"

[0130] The following intermediates were rly prepared from riate starting materials: ediate 4C. 4- Benz lthio r0 l-2H-l 2 3-triazole ENJ—N Obtained as the major, first-eluting regioisomeric product. LCMS: RT 2.36 min, m+H = 234.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 7.69 (1H, s), 7.28-7.27 (4H, m), 7.25-7.20 (1H, m), 4.32 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 4.18 (2H, s), 1.83 (2H, sext, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.78 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz). ediate 4D. 4- Benz lthio iso r0 l-2H-l 2 3-triazole Obtained as the major, luting regioisomeric product. LCMS: RT 2.41 min, m+H = 234; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO—d6): 8 7.67 (1H, s), 7.31-7.21 (5H, m), 4.76 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 4.17 (2H, s), 1.44 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz).

Intermediate 4E. 4- Benz lthio eth l-2H-1 2 3-triazole Obtained as the major, luting regioisomeric product. LCMS: RT 2.24 min, m+H = 220; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO-d6): 8 7.69 (1H, s), 7.32 - 7.21 (5H, m), 4.39 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.18 (2H, s), 1.40 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz).

Intermediate 4F. 4- Ben lthio meth l-lH-l 2 3-triazole Obtained as a minor, second-eluting regioisomeric product. LCMS: RT 1.79 min, m+H = 206; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 7.71 (1H, s), 7.36 - 7.23 (3H, m), 7.22 - 7.14 (2H, m), 4.09 (2H, s), 3.73 (3H, 5).

Intermediate 4G. 1- r0 l-lH-l 2 3-triazole—5-sulfon l chloride com9 Obtained as a minor, second-eluting regioisomeric product. LCMS: RT 2.08 min, m+H = 234.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 8 7.74 (1H, s), 7.38-7.12 (5H, m), 4.13 (2H, s), 4.06 (2H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.66 (2H, sext, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.74 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz).

Intermediate 4H. 4- benz lthio iso r0 l-lH-l 2 zole ed as a minor, eluting regioisomeric product. LCMS: RT 1.99 min, m+H = 234; 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO—d6): 8 8.10 (1H, s), 7.30-7.18 (5H, m), 4.76 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 4.10 (2H, s), 1.43 (6H, d J = 6.7 Hz).

Intermediate 5A. 2-Meth l-2H—1 2 3-triazolesulf0n l chloride OQS/IC) CI’ EN", N N—chlorosuccinimide (3.38 g, 25.3 mmol) was added to a solution of 4-(benzy1thio)- 2-methyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole (1.3 g, 6.33 mmol) in acetic acid (32 ml) and water (16 ml) and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (40 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (40 ml). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (40 ml), brine (40 m1), dried (magnesium sulfate), and the solvent removed to give 2-methyl-2H-1,2,3-triazolesulfonyl chloride (1.35 g) as a pale yellow oil. LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.09 min, m+H+morpholine-Cl = 233.1; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDC13): 8 8.11 (1H, s), 4.36 (3H, s).

The following ediates were similarly prepared from riate starting materials: Intermediate SB. l-Meth l-lH-l 2 3-triazolesulfon l chloride O\\ //(D LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 0.86 min, m+H+morpholine-Cl = 233.1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.22 (1H, s), 4.25 (3H, s).

Intermediate 5C. 2-Pro l-2H-1 2 3-triazole—4—sulfon l chloride O\\ //O Cl/ \E/N‘NJ— LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.62 min, rph01ine-C1 = 261.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.11 (1H, s), 4.53 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 2.08 (2H, sext, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.98 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz).

Intermediate 5D. 2-Iso ro l-2H-1 2 3-triazole—4-sulfon l chloride O\\ //0 Cl/ /N\ LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.64 min, m+H+m0rpholine-Cl = 261; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.62 (1H, S), 4.76 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 1.46 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz).

Intermediate 5E. 2-Eth l-2H-1 2 3-triazole—4—sulfon l chloride LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.37 min, rph01ine-C1 = 247; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.11 (1H, s), 4.62 (2H, q, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.66 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz).

Intermediate 5F. 6- Trifluorometh l ridine—2—sulfon lchloride 0:5 N CF LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.84 min, m+H+m0rpholine—C1 = 297.1.

Intermediate 5G. l-meth l-lH-l 2 zolesulfon l chloride o\ 0‘80 N/ CI’ WI \N id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144" id="p-144"

[0144] Chlorine gas was bubbled through a on of 4-(benzylthi0)—1-methyl-1H-1,2,3- triazole (200 mg, 0.974 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 ml) and water (3 ml) for 2 minutes at 0°C then the on mixture was d at 0 °C for a fiirther 5 minutes. Water (10 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (10 ml). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3- triazolesulfonyl chloride (317 mg) as a colourless oil. LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.17 min, m+H+morpholine-Cl = 233.1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.27 (1H, s), 4.40 (3H, s).

The following intermediates was similarly prepared from appropriate starting materials: Intermediate 5H. 1-propyl-1H-1,2,3-triazolesulfonyl chloride LCMS hing into morpholine): RT 1.58 min, m+H+morpholine-Cl = 261.1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 5 8.27 (1H, s), 4.68—4.64 (2H, m), 2.12 (2H, sext, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.05 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz).

Intermediate 51. 3-flu0r0 trifluorometh l benzene-l-sulfon ide ,S F 0’ U CF3 3-Fluoro(trifluoromethyl)aniline (5 g, 27.9 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 ml), cooled to 0 oC, and treated with tetrafluoroboric acid (48% aqueous on, 6.49 ml, 41.9 mmol) and tert-butyl e (4.98 ml, 41.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was maintained at 0 0C for 1 hour. In the meantime, a suspension of copper (I) chloride (4.15 g, 41.9 mmol) in acetonitrile (40 ml) at 0 0C was saturated with sulfur dioxide gas by ng the gas through the suspension with vigorous stirring for 30 minutes. When the diazotization reaction was complete after 1 hour, this solution was added dropwise to the suspension of copper (I) chloride, causing us evolution of gas. The reaction e was then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour, after which time it was poured onto 100 ml of an ice/water slurry. Diethyl ether (150 ml) was added, causing a precipitate to form, which was removed by filtration. The filtrate was washed with water (100 ml) and brine (100 ml), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 3-fluoro (trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride (6.62 g) as an orange oil. LCMS hing into morpholine): RT 2.25 min, m+H+morpholine—Cl = 314.1.

Intermediate SJ. 1-is0 r0 l-1H-1 2 zolesulfon lchloride o\\ P TN Cl \\ id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148" id="p-148"

[0148] N-chlorosuccinimide (0.458 g, 3.43 mmol) was added to a solution of 4- (benzylthio)-l-isopropyl-lH-1,2,3-triazole (0.20 g, 0.857 mmol) in acetic acid (6 ml) and water (3 ml) and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (8 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (8 ml). The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate on (8 ml), brine (8 ml), dried (magnesium sulfate), and the solvent removed to give 1-isopropyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole yl chloride (311 mg) as a colourless oil. LCMS (quenching into morpholine): RT 1.47 min, m+H+morpholine-Cl = 261; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 5 8.26 (1H, s), 4.95 (1H, sept., J = 6.7 Hz), 1.68 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz).

The following intermediates was similarly prepared from appropriate starting materials: Intermediate 5K. 2H—1 2 3-triazole—4—sulf0n l chloride LCMS hing into morpholine): RT 1.64 min, m+H+morpholine-Cl = 219.1; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): 5 9.06 (1H, br s), 8.31 (1H, s).

Intermediate 6A. R but l 1- 4-flu0r0 hen 1 -4a- thiazole—4-carb0n 1 -4a 5 7 8- tetrah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinoline-6 4H -carb0x late A solution of 4-bromo(trimethylsilyl)thiazole (3.00 g, 12.70 mmol) in dry ether (3 mL) was added to a solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride 2M in tetrahydrofiiran (6.35 ml, 12.70 mmol) in dry ether (16 mL) at 0 °C. The resulting suspension was stirred at 0 °C for 50 minutes. A solution of (R)—6—tert—butyl 4a—methy1 l-(4-fluorophenyl)-4a,5,7,8- tetrahydro-lH-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline—4a,6(4H)—dicarboxylate (1.81 g, 4.23 mmol) in dry ether:tetrahydrofuran (4: 1; total volume 15 mL) was added dropwise to the suspension at 0 CC, and the on mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours at room temperature. Water (50 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over magnesium e, filtered and trated in vacuo to give an orange oil. The crude orange oil was diluted with acetonitrile (30 mL) and l M HCl (4.2 mL), and stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed tially with brine (50 mL), saturated s sodiumhydrogen carbonate solution (50 mL) then brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give an orange oil. The crude product was d by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient: 0—45% ethyl acetate in isohexane) to afford (R)—tert-buty1 1-(4-fluorophenyl)—4a-(thiazole—4—carbonyl)-4a,5,7,8- tetrahydro-lH—pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline-6(4H)—carboxylate as a pale yellow foamy solid (932 mg). LCMS (Method F, ES-API): RT 2.55 min, m+H = 481.0.

Intermediate 7A. 4aR 8aS -tert-bu l 1- 4-flu0r0 hen 1 -4a- thiazole—4-carb0n l - 4a 5 7 8 8a h dro-lH— razolo 3 4- iso uinoline-6 4H x late A solution of (R)-tert-butyl 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4a-(thiazolecarbonyl)-4a,5,7,8- tetrahydro-lH—pyrazolo[3,4—g]isoquinoline—6(4H)—carboxy1ate (420 mg, 0.874 mmol) in methanol (40 mL) was hydrogenated in the H—Cube (10% Palladium/Carbon, 30x4 mm, Full en, 55 °C, 1 mL/min). The solvent was removed to give (4aR,8aS)-tert-butyl 1-(4- fluorophenyl)-4a-(thiazolecarbonyl)—4a,5,7,8,8a,9—hexahydro-lH-pyrazolo[3,4- g]isoquinoline-6(4H)-carboxylate as an orange solid (385 mg). LCMS (Method F, ES-API): RT 2.51 min, m+H = 483.2.

Exam le 1A. 4aR 8aS 4—flu0r0 hen l-6— 4— trifluorometh l hen lsulfon l- 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinolin-4a- l ridin ylzmethanone id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153" id="p-153"

[0153] A solution omopyridine (0.109 ml, 1.116 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofilran (2 ml) was added to a solution ofbutyllithium (2.5M in hexanes) (0.417 ml, 1.042 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (1.2 ml), and the reaction mixture stirred at -78°C under nitrogen for 45 minutes. A solution of (4aR,8aS)—methyl 1—(4—fluorophenyl)((4- oromethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)—4,4a,5 ,6,7,8,8a,9—octahydro- 1 H-pyrazolo [3 ,4- g]isoquinoline-4a-carboxylate (0.2 g, 0.372 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (2 ml) was then added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at —78°C for 45 minutes, then quenched by the addition of 10:1 methanol:acetic acid (5 m1), and stirred at room temperature for an additional 10 minutes. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 ml), washed with ted aqueous ammonium chloride solution (2 x50 ml) and brine (50 ml), dried sium sulfate), filtered and evaporated to give a colourless gum. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 10% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane) to afford ((4aR,8aS)—1—(4—fluorophenyl)-6—((4- (trifluoromethy1)pheny1)sulfony1)-4,4a,5 ,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro- 1 zolo [3 ,4- g]isoquinolin-4a-y1)(pyridiny1)methanone (0.06 g) as a white solid, LCMS: RT 2.76 min, m+H = 585.0; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8 8.60-8.56 (1H, m), .76 (4H, m), 7.70- 7.65 (2H, m), 7.48-7.39 (3H, m), 7.29 (1H, s), 7.16-7.10 (2H, m), 5.62 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 2.0 Hz), 4.27 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.99-3.94 (1H, m), 3.40 (1H, dd, J = 16.7, 11.2 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 5.9 Hz), 2.56—2.40 (4H, m), 1.79—1.68 (2H, m).

The following examples were similarly prepared from the appropriate intermediate: Exam le 1B. 421R 8218 3 4-dichlor0 hen l sulfon l 4-fluoro hen l - ylgmethanone LCMS: RT 3.34 min, m+H = 5848/5868; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.56 (1H, dt, J = 4.8, 1.3 Hz), 7.79-7.78 (2H, m), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.50—7.41 (5H, m), 7.29 (1H, s), .11 (2H, m), 5.56 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 1.9 Hz), 4.26 (1H, d, J = 16.9 Hz), 3.98- 3.94 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, dd, J = 16.0, 11.8 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 6.0 Hz), 2.58-2.40 (4H, m), 1.81-1.70 (2H, m).

Exam le 1C. 421R 8218 3 0ro hen l sulfon l 4-flu0r0 hen l- 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah - razolo 3 4- iso uinolin-4a- l ridin ylgmethanone id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156" id="p-156"

[0156] LCMS: RT 2.63 min, m+H = 5530; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDC13): 5 8.60-8.59 (1H, m), 7.83-7.77 (2H, m), 7.50—7.40 (5H, m), 7.30 (1H, s), 7.25-7.18 (1H, m), 7.17-7.11 (2H, m), 5.57 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 2.0 Hz), 4.29 (1H, d, J = 16.9 Hz), 3.95-3.92 (1H, m), 3.40 (1H, dd, J = 16.0, 11.8 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 6.0 Hz), .40 (4H, m), 1.80-1.68 (2H, m). ylzmethanone A solution of (4aR,8aS)—tert—butyl 1—(4-fluoropheny1)-4a—picolinoyl—4a,5,7,8,8a,9- hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinoline-6(4H)-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.420 mmol) in 4M HCl/dioxane (2098 ul, 8.39 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. The solvent was removed to give a pale yellow solid, which was dissolved in dichloromethane (8 mL) and diisopropylamine (367 ul, 2.098 mmol) and then 2-propyl-2H—1,2,3-triazole sulfonyl chloride (117 mg, 0.420 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, then the solvent was removed to give a brown oil. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (gradient: 0-70% ethyl acetate in exane) to afford ((4aR,8aS)(4-fluorophenyl)—6-((2-propyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol yl)sulfonyl)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H—pyrazolo[3,4-g]isoquinolin-4a-yl)(pyridin yl)methanone (156 mg) as a white solid, LCMS: RT 2.60 min, m+H = 550.0. ; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.66 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.7, 0.9 Hz), 7.85 - 7.76 (3H, m), 7.51 - 7.45 (2H, m), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J = 7.1, 4.7, 1.7 Hz), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.19 = — 7.09 (2H, m), 5.68 (1H, dd, J 12.4, 2.1 Hz), 4.43 (2H, t, J = 7.1 Hz), 4.37 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 4.00 — 3.93 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 11.1 Hz), 2.70 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.64 — 2.36 (4H, m), 2.02 (2H, sextet, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.79 - 1.71 (2H, m), 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz).

The following examples were similarly prepared from the appropriate intermediate: ylgmethanone LCMS: RT 2.45 min, m+H = 549.1; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.64 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.7, 0.9 Hz), 7.85-7.82 (1H, m), 7.79 (1H, td, J = 7.3, 1.7 Hz), 7.70-7.64 (2H, m), 7.52—7.45 (2H, m), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J = 7.3, 4.8, 1.5 Hz), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.19-7.08 (2H, m), 5.52 (1H, dd, J = 11.9, 2.1 Hz), 4.35 (1H, d, J =16.2 Hz), .02 (2H, m), 3.88-3.81 (1H, m), 3.45 (1H, dd, J = 15.5, 11.1 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J =16.2,6.0 Hz), 2.56 (1H, d, J =16.2 Hz), 2.48-2.33 (2H, m), 2.26 (1H, d, J = 11.9 Hz), 1.90 (2H, sextet, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.82-1.65 (2H, m), 0.91 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz). trifluorometh l ridin lmethanone id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160" id="p-160"

[0160] LCMS: RT 2.61 min, m+H = 590.0; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.86 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.10 (1H, s), 7.81 (1H, s), 770-762 (1H, m), 7.52-7.44 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 720-711 (2H, m), 5.64 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 2.0 Hz), 4.26 (3H, s), 4.25 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), .90 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 10.8 Hz), 2.73 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 5.9 Hz), 2.67-2.53 (3H, m), 2.43 (1H, qd, J = 13.2, 5.0 Hz), 1.88-1.75 (2H, m). trifluorometh l ridin-Z- lmethanone LCMS: RT 2.72 min, m+H = 617.0; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.86 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.13-8.08 (1H, m), 7.70-7.62 (3H, m), 7.51-7.42 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.20-7.10 (2H, m), 5.49 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 2.0 Hz), 4.23 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 4.09 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.88-3.78 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J =16.1, 11.0 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 6.0 Hz), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), .32 (2H, m), 2.27 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 1.90 (2H, sextet, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.83-1.68 (2H, m), 0.91 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz).

LCMS: RT 2.45 min, m+H = 554.9, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.04 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.74 (1H, s), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 0.5 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.53-7.46 (2H, m), 7.40 (1H, s), 3 (2H, m), 5.47 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 2.1 Hz), 4.23 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 4.12 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.94-3.85 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 11.1 Hz), 2.72 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.54—2.41 (2H, m), 2.36 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 1.95 (2H, sextet, J = 7.3 Hz), .75 (2H, m), 0.95 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz).

Exam le 2F. 421R 8218 4-flu0r0 hen l 3—fluoro hen lsulfon l- 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinolin-4a- l ridin-Z- ylgmethanone LCMS: RT 2.65 min, m+H = 5349, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.66 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.7, 1.0 Hz), 7.88-7.77 (2H, 110), 753—743 (5H, m), 7.41—7.35 (1H, m), 7.35 (1H, 5), 7297.22 (1H, m), 7.22-7.12 (2H, m), 5.62 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 2.1 Hz), 4.35 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.98—3.86 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 11.1 Hz), 2.70 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 5.9 Hz), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.51—2.41 (2H, m), 2.39 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 1.83-1.65 (2H, m).

Exam le 2G. 421R 8218 4-flu0r0 hen l 3- trifluorometh l hen lsulfon l- 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso n-4a- l ridin ylgmethanone id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164" id="p-164"

[0164] LCMS: RT 2.79 min, m+H = 584.9; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.66-8.61 (1H, m), 7.94 (1H, s), 7.88 (1H, br. d, J = 7.9 Hz), .77 (3H, m), 7.61 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.53—7.41 (3H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.21—7.11 (2H, m), 5.66 (1H, dd, J = 12.2, 2.1 Hz), 4.31 (1H, d, J =16.2 Hz), 4.03—3.91 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J =16.2, 11.2 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J =16.2, .9 Hz), 2.62-2.35 (4H, m), 1.85 — 1.68 (2H, m). trifluorometh l ridin lmethanone Using trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane in place of HCl/dioxane. LCMS: RT 2.44 min, m+H = 5892; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.84 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.10 (1H, 1111), 7.66—7.65 (3H, 1111), 7.50—7.45 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 5.47 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 2.0 Hz), 4.22 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.92 (3H, s), 3.85-3.83 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, dd, J = 16.5, 11.4 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.5, 5.8 Hz), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.46-2.34 (2H, m), 2.29 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 1.84-1.70 (2H, m). trifluorometh l ridin lmethanone id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166" id="p-166"

[0166] Using trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane in place of HCl/dioxane. LCMS: RT 2.49 min, m+H = 589.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8 8.85 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.10-8.09 (1H, m), 7.65-7.63 (1H, m), 7.50—7.45 (2H, m), 7.38 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.18- 7.12 (2H, m), 6.55 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 5.57 (1H, dd, J = 11.8, 2.0 Hz), 4.27 (1H, d, J =16.2 Hz), 3.97 (3H, s), 3.93-3.89 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 10.9 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 6.0 Hz), 2.63-2.55 (2H, m), 2.54 (1H, d, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.45-2.34 (1H, m), 1.82-1.74 (2H, m). rometh l Z- lmethanone id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167" id="p-167"

[0167] Using trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane in place of HCl/dioxane. LCMS: RT 2.60 min, m+H = 589.2; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, CDCl3): 5 8.77 (1H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.07-8.06 (1H, m), 7.66-7.64 (1H, m), 7.49—7.44 (2H, m), 7.30 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.29 (1H, s), 7.18- 7.12 (2H, m), 6.60 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.55 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.18 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 4.01-3.97 (1H, m), 3.91 (3H, s), 3.37 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.1 Hz), 2.76-2.69 (2H, m), 2.68 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 2.61 (1H, d, J =16.2 Hz), 2.52-2.40 (1H, 1’11), 1.89-1.80 (2H, m). 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinolin-4a- l 4- trifluorometh l ridin lmethanone id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168" id="p-168"

[0168] Using tn'fluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane in place of HCl/dioxane. LCMS: RT 2.54 min, m+H = 603.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 8 8.85 (1H, d, J = 5.1 Hz), 8.10 (1H, m), 7.70 (1H, s), 7.66-7.65 (2H, m), 7.50—7.45 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 6.60 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.48 (1H, dd, J =12.1, 2.0 Hz), 4.23 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.18 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 3.85-3.83 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.1 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), .34 (1H, m), 2.29 (1H, d, J = 12.1 Hz), 1.82-1.71 (2H, m), 1.51 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz). trifluorometh l ridin-Z- lmethanone F Using tn'fluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane in place of HCl/dioxane. LCMS: RT 2.70 min, m+H = 603.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, : 8 8.78 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.07 (1H, m), 7.66-7.64 (1H, m), 7.49—7.44 (2H, m), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.29 (1H, s), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 6.58 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.57 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 2.0 Hz), 4.32 (3H, m), 3.98-3.94 (1H, m), 3.38 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 10.8 Hz), 2.76—2.69 (2H, m), 2.66 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.51—2.40 (1H, m), 1.89-1.80 (2H, m), 1.39 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz).

Exam le 2M. 421R 8218 4-flu0r0 hen l-6— 4- trifluorometh l hen lsulfon l- 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- l thiazol-Z- l methanone LCMS: RT 2.79 min, m+H = 5907; 1H NMR (400 MHz, : 5 7.94 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.82 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.71 (2H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.48 7.42 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.17 _ 7.10 (2H, m), 5.43 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 2.1 Hz), 4.16 (1H, d, J = 16.0 Hz), 4.05 = 16.0, 10.6 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 5.7 — 3.96 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, dd, J Hz), 2.59 _ 2.42 (4H, m), 1.84 _ 1.77 (2H, m). ylzmethanone id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171" id="p-171"

[0171] LCMS: RT 2.61 min, m+H = 5499, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.68 (1H, ddd, J = 4.8, 1.7, 1.0 Hz), 7.88 - 7.78 (3H, m), 7.54 - 7.42 (3H, m), 7.37 (1H, s), 7.21 — 7.12 (2H, m), 5.70 (1H, dd, J = 12.4, 2.1 Hz), 4.90 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 4.40 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 4.02 — 3.96 (1H, m), 3.48 (1H, dd, J =16.3, 10.9 Hz), 2.72 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 5.9 Hz), 2.66 — 2.58 (2H, m), 2.55 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.46 (1H, qd, J = 13.8, 5.0 Hz), 1.83 — 1.75 (2H, m), 1.62 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz). 4 4a 5 6 7 8 8a 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinolin-4a- l 4- trifluorometh l 2- lmethanone id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172" id="p-172"

[0172] LCMS: RT 2.68 min, m+H = 604.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.86 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.10 (1H, m), 7.81 (1H, s), 7.67-7.66 (1H, 111), 750—745 (1H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 718—712 (2H, m), 5.64 (1H, dd, J = 12.4, 2.0 Hz), 4.52 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.25 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 3.98—3.93 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.1 Hz), 2.72 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 5.9 Hz), 2.60 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.64—2.58 (2H, m), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 12.6 Hz), 2.48-2.36 (1H, m), 1.84-1.76 (2H, m), 1.60 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz). trifluorometh l ridin-Z- lmethanone id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173" id="p-173"

[0173] LCMS: RT 2.45 min, m+H = 590.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.85 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.11-8.10 (1H, m), 7.88 (1H, s), .65 (1H, 111), 750—745 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 5.68 (1H, dd, J : 12.6, 2.0 Hz), 4.26 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.15 (3H, s), 397—392 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J : 16.4, 11.1 Hz), 2.78-2.70 (3H, m), 2.63 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.47-2.36 (1H, m), 1.87-1.78 (2H, m). ylgmethanone id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174" id="p-174"

[0174] LCMS: RT 2.68 min, m+H = 585.6; 1H NMR (400 MHz, : 5 861—853 (1H, m), 7.96 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J : 7.7 Hz), 7.78-7.68 (3H, 111), 746—739 (2H, m), 7.37 (1H, ddd, J = 6.9, 4.8, 2.0 Hz), 7.31 (1H,s),7.14-7.01 (2H, m), 5.68 (1H, dd, J = 129,21 Hz), 4.32 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 4.05—3.94 (1H, m), 3.46—3.33 (1H, m), 2.93 (1H, td, J = 12.6, 3.1 Hz), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 12.9 Hz), 2.65 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 6.0 Hz), 2.54 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 2.37 (1H, qd, J = 12.9, 5.1 Hz), 1.87-1.76 (1H, m), 1.76-1.64 (1H, m). meth l ridin-Z- lmethanone id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175" id="p-175"

[0175] LCMS: RT 2.44 min, m+H = 536.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8: 8.49 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.66-7.65 (1H, m), 7.50-7.45 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, s), 724—723 (1H, m),7.17-7.11 (2H, m), 5.73 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 2.2 Hz), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 4.25 (3H, s), 3.98-3.94 (1H, m), 3.44 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.3 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 5.9 Hz), 2.64- 2.42 (4H, m), 2.37 (3H, s), 1.79—1.70 (2H, m).

LCMS: RT 2.50 min, m+H = 556.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8: 8.85 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.18 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.83 (1H, 8), 7.50744 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, s), 1 (2H, m), 5.54 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.0 Hz), 4.44 (2H, dd, J = 7.2 Hz), 4.19 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 3.99—3.95 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.1 Hz), 2.68 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 5.9 Hz), 2.62-2.48 (4H, m), 2.02 (2H, sext, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.83-1.75 (2H, m), 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz).

LCMS: RT 2.46 min, m+H = 5422; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8: 8.63 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.3 Hz), 7.92-7.88 (2H, m), 7.81-7.79 (2H, m), 7.77 (1H, ddd, J = 7.7, 1.3 Hz), 7.58 (1H, dt, J = 7.7, 0.6 Hz), 7.48-7.42 (3H, m), 7.30 (1H, s), 717—711 (2H, m), 5.66 (1H, dd, J = 12.3, 2.1 Hz), 4.27 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 3.98-3.95 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 11.2 Hz), 2.68 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 6.1 Hz), 2.55-2.39 (4H, m), 1.80-1.69 (2H, m).

Exam le 2U. 421R 8218 3-flu0r0-4— trifluorometh l hen l sulfon l 4- fluoro hen l -4 4a 5 6 7 8 821 9-0ctah dro-lH- razolo 3 4- iso uinolin-4a- l ridin- 2- l methanone id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178" id="p-178"

[0178] LCMS: RT 2.79 min, m+H = 603.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.63 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.3 Hz), 7.79-7.78 (2H, m), 7.66 (1H, dd, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.49— 7.42 (4H, m), 7.30 (1H, s), 7.17—7.11 (2H, m), 5.64 (1H, dd, J = 12.4, 2.0 Hz), 4.26 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 4.00-3.96 (1H, m), 3.39 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.2 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.60-2.41 (4H, m), 1.80-1.71 (2H, m). 4a- 1 ridin-Z- none LCMS: RT 2.39 min, m+H = 589.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 8.61 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.6, 0.9 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.83-7.81 (1H, m), 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 7.4, 1.6 Hz), 7.49-7.44 (2H, m), 7.40 (1H, ddd, J = 7.3, 4.7, 1.6 Hz), 7.32 (1H, s), .10 (2H, m), 7.04 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 5.51 (1H, dd, J = 12.1, 2.0 Hz), 4.31 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 4.23—4.21 (2H, m), 3.87-3.84 (1H, m), 3.55—3.53 (2H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.1 Hz), 3.22 (3H, s), 2.67 (1H, dd, J = 16.3, 6.1 Hz), 2.54 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.47-2.36 (2H, m), 2.32 (1H, J = 12.0 Hz), 1.76-1.66 (2H, m). ylzmethanone id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180" id="p-180"

[0180] LCMS: RT 2.48 min, m+H = 556.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.94 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.87 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), .42 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, s), 717—711 (2H, m), 5.45 (1H, dd, J = 12.7, 2.1 Hz), 4.38-4.27 (2H, m), 4.14 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 4.06- 4.01 (1H, m), 3.37 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 11.1 Hz), 2.86 — 2.70 (3H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 2.53—2.42 (1H, m), 1.97-1.82 (4H, m), 0.94 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz).

Exam le 2X. 421R 8218 4-flu0r0 hen l l—meth l-1H-1 2 3-triazol trifluorometh l ridin-Z- lmethanone LCMS: RT 2.56 min, m+H = 5903, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.77 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.04 (1H, m), 7.89 (1H, s), .67 (1H, m), 7.48-7.43 (2H, m), 7.28 (1H, s), 7.18-7.12 (2H, m), 5.59 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.0 Hz), 4.12 (1H, d, J = 16.3 Hz), 4.06 (3H, s), 4.06-4.01 (1H, m), 3.35 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.2 Hz), 2.82-2.72 (3H, m), 2.61 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.47-2.36 (1H, qd, J = 130,52 Hz), 1.91-1.82 (2H, m). y] )methanone id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182" id="p-182"

[0182] LCMS: RT 2.30 min, m+H = 528.2; 1H NMR (400 MHZ, : 5 8.02 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.82 (1H, s), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.49—7.44 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, s), 7.17-7.10 (2H,1n), 5.58 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.1 Hz), 4.26 (3H, s), 4.22 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.04-3.96 (1H, m), 3.41 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.4 Hz), 2.73-2.58 (4H, m), 2.54-2.43 (1H, m), 1.88-1.77 (2H, m). ylgmethanone LCMS: RT 2.53 min, m+H = 556.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.03 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.61 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.49—7.44 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, s), 7.17—7.11 (2H, m), 5.60 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.1 Hz), 4.88 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 4.23 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.02-3.98 (1H, m), 3.41 (1H, dd, J = 16.1, 11.2 Hz), 2.73-2.58 (4H, m), 2.49 (1H, dq, J = 12.5, 5.0 Hz), 1.88-1.74 (2H, m), 1.61 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz). ylgmethanone id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184" id="p-184"

[0184] LCMS: RT 2.41 min, m+H = 549.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8.63 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.6, 0.8 Hz), 7.82 (1H, ddd, J = 7.8, 1.3, 0.8 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 7.4, 1.6 Hz), 7.72 (1H, s), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), .44 (2H, m), 7.41 (1H, ddd, J = 7.3, 4.8, 1.6 Hz), 7.31 (1H, s), 715—709 (2H, m), 5.51 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 2.0 Hz), 4.47 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 4.34 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 3.85—3.78 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.2 Hz), 2.68 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.56 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.46-2.32 (2H, m), 2.26 (1H, d, J = 12.0 Hz), 1.82- 1.64 (2H, m), 1.49 (6H, dd, J = 6.7, 1.1 Hz). ylzmethanone F LCMS: RT 2.43 min, m+H = 5362; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8.63 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.6, 0.9 Hz), 7.84-7.77 (3H, m), 7.50—7.45 (2H, m), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J = 7.0, 4.7, 1.6 Hz), 7.33 (1H, s), 717—711 (2H, m), 5.68 (1H, dd, J = 12.4, 1.9 Hz), 4.51 (2H, q, J = 7.3 Hz), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.99—3.92 (1H, m), 3.45 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 11.3 Hz), 2.69 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.63-2.55 (2H, m), 2.52 (1H, d, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.43 (1H, dq, J = 13.4, 4.8 Hz), 1.80-1.71 (2H, m), 1.59 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz). ylgmethanone id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186" id="p-186"

[0186] LCMS: RT 2.31 min, m+H = 5222; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.65 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.6, 0.9 Hz), 7.84-7.77 (3H, m), 7.50—7.46 (2H, m), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J = 7.1, 4.7, 1.6 Hz), 7.33 (1H, s), 1 (2H, m), 5.68 (1H, dd, J = 12.4, 2.0 Hz), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.99—3.91 (1H, m), 4.25 (3H, s), 3.45 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 11.3 Hz), 2.70 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.0 Hz), 2.64-2.55 (2H, m), 2.53 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.43 (1H, dq, J = 13.4, 4.7 Hz), 1.80- 1.71(2H,rn). trifluorometh l ridin-Z- lmethanone id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187" id="p-187"

[0187] LCMS: RT 2.79 min, m+H = 618.3; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.87 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.10-8.09 (1H, m), 7.80 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, dd, J = 5.0, 1.0 Hz), 7.50—7.44 (2H, m), 7.32 (1H, s), 717—711 (2H, m), 5.64 (1H, dd, J = 12.5, 2.0 Hz), 4.88 (1H, sept, J = 6.6 Hz), 4.25 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.99—3.91 (1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 10.9 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 6.0 Hz), 2.63-2.56 (2H, m), 2.54 (1H, d, J = 12.4 Hz), 2.42 (1H, dq, J = 13.4, 4.8 Hz), 1.86-1.75 (2H, m), 1.60 (6H, d, J = 6.6 Hz). trifluorometh l ridin lmethanone id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188" id="p-188"

[0188] LCMS: RT 2.39 min, m+H = 576.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 8 8.87 (1H, d, J = 5.0 Hz), 8.11-8.10 (1H, m), 7.93 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, dd, J : 5.0, 1.0 Hz), 7.50—7.45 (2H, m), 7.39 (1H, s), 719—713 (2H, m), 5.64 (1H, dd, J : 12.5, 1.9 Hz), 4.27 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 3.98—3.91 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, dd, J =16.2,11.3 Hz), 2.71 (1H, dd, J = 16.6, 6.1 Hz), 2.66—2.59 (3H, m), 2.40 (1H, dq, J = 13.5, 4.7 Hz), 1.85-1.74 (2H, m). ylgmethanone LCMS: RT 2.37 min, m+H = 5502; 1H NMR (400 MHz, : 8.65 (1H, ddd, J = 4.7, 1.6, 0.9 Hz), 7.90 (1H, s), 7.84 (1H, ddd, J = 8.0, 1.3, 0.9 Hz), 7.79 (1H, dt, J = 7.3, 1.6 Hz), 7.51-7.46 (2H, m), 7.42 (1H, ddd, J = 7.3, 4.7, 1.6 Hz), 7.34 (1H, s), 717—711 (2H, m), .70 (1H, dd, J = 12.4, 2.0 Hz), 4.85 (1H, sept, J = 6.7 Hz), 4.38 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 4.01- 3.92 (1H, m), 3.45 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 11.0 Hz), 2.81-2.68 (3H, m), 2.59 (1H, d, J = 15.9 Hz), 2.43 (1H, dq, J = 13.9, 5.0 Hz), 1.84-1.73 (2H, m), 1.59 (6H, dd, J = 6.7, 2.0 Hz). ylgmethanone id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190" id="p-190"

[0190] LCMS: RT 2.58 min, m+H = 592.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 8.07-8.01 (2H, m), 7.95 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, d, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.48—7.45 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, 3), 7.16712 (2H, m), 5.62 (1H, dd, J = 12.9, 1.6 Hz), 4.24 (1H, d, J = 16.1 Hz), 4.13—4.09 (1H, m), 3.42 (1H, dd, J =16.1, 11.6 Hz), .00 (2H, m), 2.72 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 6.1 Hz), 2.63 (1H, d, J = 16.2 Hz), 2.50 (1H, dq, J = 12.9, 5.0 Hz), 1.99—1.90 (1H, m), 1.81-1.78 (1H, m). ylgmethanone id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191" id="p-191"

[0191] LCMS: RT 2.53 min, m+H = 5922; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 8.83 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.07-8.03 (1H, m), 7.96 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.82 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 0.9 Hz), 7.50 — 7.45 (2H, m), 7.33 (1H, s), 7.17 — 7.11 (2H, m), 5.58 (1H, dd, J = 12.9, 2.0 Hz), 4.18 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.10 _ 4.06 (1H, m), 3.47 (1H, dd, J =16.2, 11.3 Hz), 3.04 — 2.97 (1H, m), 2.95 (1H, d, J = 13.1 Hz), 2.70 (1H, dd, J = 16.2, 6.1 Hz), 2.59 — 2.45 (2H, m), 1.95 _ 1.97 (1H, m), 1.82 _ 1.73 (1H, m). ylgmethanone id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192" id="p-192"

[0192] LCMS: RT 2.21 min, m+H = 528.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 8.85 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.82 (1H, s), 750—745 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, s), 7.17—7.11 (2H, m), 5.53 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.1 Hz), 4.26 (3H, s), 4.19 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.00-3.96 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, dd, J = 15.7, 10.9 Hz), 272243 (5H, 1111), 1.84-1.73 (2H, m). ylzmethanone LCMS: RT 2.46 min, m+H = 556.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 8.86 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.80 (1H, 5), 5 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, s), 7.17-7.11 (2H, m), 5.54 (1H, dd, J = 12.6, 2.1 Hz), 4.89 (1H, sept, J = 6.8 Hz), 4.19 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.02—3.94 (1H, m), 3.46 (1H, dd, J = 16.4, 12.0 Hz), 2.71— 2.43 (5H, m), 1.84-1.72 (2H, m), 1.61 (6H, d, J : 6.8 Hz).

LCMS: RT 2.33 min, m+H = 542.2; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 8 8.87 (1H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.19 (1H, d, J : 2.0 Hz), 7.83 (1H, s), 7.52-7.46 (2H, m), 7.36 (1H, s), 719—713 (2H, m), 5.55 (1H, dd, J : 12.6, 2.2 Hz), 4.54 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 4.20 (1H, d, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.01—3.97 (1H, m), 3.48 (1H, dd, J = 15.8, 11.0 Hz), 2.73-2.46 (5H, m), 1.87-1.77 (2H, m), 1.62 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz).

Exam le 3. Human Glucocorticoid Rece tor GR Fluorescence Polarisation FP Binding Assay The following is a description of a FP assay for measuring compound inhibition of labelled glucocorticoid binding to the human recombinant GR.

The binding affinity of test compounds was determined using a FP g assay using human inant GR (PanVera P2812) and a cent ed glucocorticoid ligand (Fluorome GS Red) (PanVera P2894). The presence of inhibitors prevents the formation of a GS Red/GR complex resulting in a decrease in the measured polarisation value. The change in polarisation value in the presence of test compounds is used to calculate the binding y of the compound for GR.

This assay was performed in 384 well, black, round-bottom, polypropylene micro titre plates in a final volume of 20111. The assay contained 5111 lnM GR (final concentration), 5111 0.5nM Fluorome GS Red (final tration) in the presence of 10111 test nds.

Positive control wells (high polarisation) receive, 10111 2% (vzv) DMSO vehicle (1% (V/V) final concentration) + 5111 lnM GR and 5111 0.5nM Fluorome GS Red. Negative control wells (low polarisation) receive 10111 211M dexamethasone (111M final concentration) + 5111 lnM GR and 5111 0.5nM Fluorome GS Red. Assay blank background wells (used for normalisation) receive 15111 lX GS screening buffer + 5111 GR.

For the IC50 determination (concentration of compound that displaces 50% of the bound GS Red), compounds were tested at eight ent concentrations in duplicate in two independently performed experiments. Compounds were prepared as lised solids at 10mM in DMSO. On the day of assay, an 8 point half-log serial dilution (55ul DMSO + 25 ul compound solution) was prepared. A 1:50 dilution (1 ul compound solution + 49ul 1x GR screening buffer) was prepared for each compound. The compounds were prepared at 2x final assay concentration.

The reagents were added to the 384 well micro titre plates in the following order: 10ul test compound/vehicle/ 1 uM dexamethasone, Sul Fluorome GS Red and Sul GR. The plates were mixed and ted for 4 hour at room temperature. FP was measured using an Envision Excite plate reader with 535 nm excitation and 590 nm emission interference filters.

Milli-polarisation (mP) values were calculated using the below equation: mP = 1000 * (S—G*P) / (S+G*P) where S and P are assay blank ound subtracted fluorescence units, G= or (1.07). id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201" id="p-201"

[0201] Compound IC50 values were calculated by plotting a [compound] v. % inhibition curve and fitting the data to a 4-parameter logistic fit equation. Compound Ki ibrium dissociation constant) values were determined from the mental IC50 values using a ligand depletion correction equation (see below) assuming the antagonists were competitive inhibitors with respect to dexamethasone (Pharmacologic Analysis of Drug Receptor ctions, 2Ild Ed., p3 85-4 1 0, 1993, Raven Press, New York).

Ki = (Lb)*(IC50)* (Kd) (Lo)*(Ro) + Lb*(Ro - Lo + Lb - Kd) Equilibrium dissociation constant of GS red ligand (Kd) 0.3nM Bound tracer tration (Lb) 0.3nM Total tracer tration (L0) 0.5nM Total receptor concentration (R0) 1.0nM Reagents: 10x GR screening buffer (100mM potassium phosphate pH 7.4, 200mM Na2M004, 1mM EDTA, 20% (v/v) DMSO). To prepare 1x GR screening buffer, combine lml 10x GR screening buffer (PanVera P2814) + lml stabilising peptide (PanVera P2815) + 7.95ml 4°C MQ water. Add 50ul 1M DTT, vortex and place on ice until use. e 4. HepG2 Tyrosine Aminotransferase [TAT] Assay Glucocorticoid mediated activation ofTAT occurs by transactivation of glucocorticoid response elements in the TAT promoter by glucocorticoid receptor—agonist complex. The ing protocol describes an assay for measuring induction of TAT by dexamethasone in HepG2 cells (a human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; ECACC, UK).

TAT ty was measured as outlined in the literature by A. Ali et al., J. Med.

Chem, 2004, 47, 2441-2452. Dexamethasone induced TAT production with an average EC50 value (half-maximal effect) of 20nM. id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205" id="p-205"

[0205] HepG2 cells were cultured using MEME media supplemented with 10% (V/V) foetal bovine serum; 2mM L-glutamine and 1% (v/v) NEAA at 37°C, 5%/95% (v/v) COz/air. The HepG2 cells were counted and adjusted to yield a density of 0.125 x 106 cells/ml in RPMI 1640 without phenol red, 10% (v/v) charcoal ed FBS, 2mM L-glutamine and seeded at ,000 cells/well in 200ul into 96 well, sterile, tissue culture micro titre plates, and incubated at 37°C, 5% C02 for 24 hours Growth media was removed and ed with assay media {RPMI 1640 without phenol red, 2mM L-glutamine + 10uM forskolin}. Test compounds were screened t a challenge of 100nM dexamethasone. Compounds were serially half log diluted in 100% (v/v) ylsulphoxide from a lOmM stock. Then an 8-point half-log dilution curve was generated followed by a 1:100 dilution into assay media to give a 10x final assay [compound]: this resulted in final assay [compound] that ranged 10 to 0.003uM in 0.1% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide.

Test nds were pre-incubated with cells in micro-titre plates for 30minutes at 37°C, 5/95 (v/v) COz/air, before the addition of 100nM dexamethasone and then subsequently for 20 hours to allow optimal TAT induction.

HepG2 cells were then lysed with 30141 of cell lysis buffer containing a protease inhibitor cocktail for 15 s at 4°C. 155ul of substrate mixture was then added containing 5.4mM Tyrosine sodium salt, 10.8mM alpha ketoglutarate and 0.06mM xal ’ phosphate in 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 2 hours incubation at 37°C the reaction was terminated by the addition of 15ul of 10M aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, and the plates incubated for a further 30 minutes at 37°C. The TAT activity product was measured by absorbance at 7» 340nm.

IC50 values were calculated by plotting % inhibition (normalised to lOOnM dexamethasone TAT stimulation) V. und] and fitting the data to a 4 parameter logistic equation. IC50 values were converted to Ki ibrium dissociation constant) using the Cheng and Prusoff equation, assuming the antagonists were competitive inhibitors with respect to dexamethasone.

Table 1. Activity Data II-I I-I—-nI I-I—III ---—--- III—I ---—--- III—I 2V pyridin-Z-yl H [3,2—b][1,4]0xazin- 7—yl I-I—III I-I—III I-I—III thiaZOI-Z-yl pyridin_2_y1 thiaZ01YI 1’2’3-triaZOIy1 --- In Table 1, GR Binding compounds with a K value of less than 0.5 nM are designated with +++, compounds with a K value from 0.5 nM to less than 1.0 nM are designated with ++; and compounds with a K, value of at least 1.0 nM are designated with +. TAT activity with a K, value of less than 20 nM are ated with +++, compounds with a K, value from 20 nM to less than 100 nM are designated with ++; and compounds with a K, value of at least 100 nM are designated with +. id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210" id="p-210"

[0210] Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of ration and Example for purposes of clarity of understanding, one of skill in the art will appreciate that n changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended . In addition, each reference provided herein is incorporated by reference in its entirety to the same extent as if each reference was dually incorporated by reference.

Where a conflict exists between the instant application and a reference provided herein, the instant application shall dominate.

Claims (1)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A compound having the formula: R1 O 0‘10 ,‘8’ Nf N @(Rzm I-RUJN (Rsa)n (1) wherein R1 is a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring members and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, optionally substituted with 1-4 groups each independently selected from R”; each R1&1 is independently selected from the group consisting of en, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 haloalkoxy, N-oxide, and C3_g cycloalkyl; NNNNNNNNHHHHHHHHHH bUJNF—‘OQOOfloUi-hWNHO ring I is selected from the group consisting of an aryl ring and a heteroaryl ring having from 5 to 6 ring s and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms each independently selected from the group consisting ofN, O and S; each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1_6 alkyl, halogen, C1_6 haloalkyl, C1_6 alkoxy, C1_6 haloalkoxy, C1