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NZ613162B2 - Methods of preparation of conjugates - Google Patents

Methods of preparation of conjugates Download PDF

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Publication number
NZ613162B2
NZ613162B2 NZ613162A NZ61316212A NZ613162B2 NZ 613162 B2 NZ613162 B2 NZ 613162B2 NZ 613162 A NZ613162 A NZ 613162A NZ 61316212 A NZ61316212 A NZ 61316212A NZ 613162 B2 NZ613162 B2 NZ 613162B2
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NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
carbon atoms
group
optionally substituted
linear
branched
Prior art date
Application number
NZ613162A
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NZ613162A (en
Inventor
Nathan Fishkin
Wei Li
Michael Miller
Rajeeva Singh
Original Assignee
Immunogen Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Immunogen Inc filed Critical Immunogen Inc
Priority claimed from PCT/US2012/025257 external-priority patent/WO2012112687A1/en
Publication of NZ613162A publication Critical patent/NZ613162A/en
Publication of NZ613162B2 publication Critical patent/NZ613162B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
    • A61K31/5517—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine condensed with five-membered rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. imidazobenzodiazepines, triazolam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/545—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A61K47/6867—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell the tumour determinant being from a cell of a blood cancer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/94—Stability, e.g. half-life, pH, temperature or enzyme-resistance

Abstract

method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a modified cytotoxic compound with a modified CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: a) the modified CBA comprises a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the CBA, and the residue comprises the linking group and a thiolreactive group; and b) the modified cytotoxic compound comprises a thiol group, and is produced by reacting an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the thiol group with an imine reactive reagent, and wherein the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is represented by one of the compounds in the abstract image. The disclose also relates to methods of preparing similar conjugates using a variety of methods. nctional crosslinking agent bonded to the CBA, and the residue comprises the linking group and a thiolreactive group; and b) the modified cytotoxic compound comprises a thiol group, and is produced by reacting an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the thiol group with an imine reactive reagent, and wherein the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is represented by one of the compounds in the abstract image. The disclose also relates to methods of preparing similar conjugates using a variety of methods.

Description

METHODS OF PREPARATION OF ATES REFERENCE TO D APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. ,062, filed on February 15, 2011, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/483,499, filed on May 6, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/443,092, filed on February 15, 2011, the entire contents of which, including all drawings, formulae, specifications, and claims, are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention bes the use of imine reactive reagents for the preparation of conjugates of cell-binding agents with DNA-binding cytotoxic drugs containing one or more imine functional groups.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly being ed as therapeutic agents against cancer. Several onal antibodies against cancer cell- surface antigens have already been approved for cancer ent, such as mab for dgkin's lymphoma, trastuzumab for breast cancer, cetuximab for head and neck and colorectal , cetuximab, mumab, and bevacizumab for colorectal cancer, and alemtuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Strome, S. E., Sausville, E. A., and Mann, D., 2007, The Oncologist, 12, 1084-1095). However, the xic activity of a "naked" antibody can be limited to the isms of receptor function inhibition, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).
An approach to enhance the cytotoxic activity of antibody toward target cancer cells is by linking antibody with cytotoxic effectors (A. D. Ricart, and A. W. Tolcher, 2007, Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. 4, 245-255; Lambert, J., 2010, Drugs of the Future 35, 471- 480). The antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugate (ADC) binds specifically to cancer cells, followed by conjugate internalization and degradation, which results in the intracellular release of the toxic drug and ultimately to the death of the cancer cells. The cytotoxic drugs that have been employed in linkage with antibodies include antitubulin drugs such as maytansinoids and auristatins, DNA-binding drugs such as calicheamicin that causes sequence- specific double-stranded DNA cleavage. Another class of DNA- binding cytotoxic drugs includes imine-containing pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBD) such as N imidazolyl alkyl substituted 1,2,5-benzothiadiazepine- 1, 1 -dioxide, U.S. Pat. No. 6, 156,746), benzo-pyrido or dipyrido thiadiazepine (), pyrrolo [1,2-b] [1,2,5] benzothiadiazepines and pyrrole [1,2-b] [1,2,5] benzodiazepine derivatives (WO2007/015280), tomaymycin derivatives (e.g. , pyrrolo[l,4]benzodiazepines), such as those described in WO 00/12508, WO2005/085260, WO2007/085930, EP 2019104, and US patent No. 6,156,746). Other DNA-binding benzodiazepine drugs are described in US Patent Publication No. 2010/0203007A1. These benzodiazepine drugs containing imine bonds bind to the minor groove of DNA and interfere with DNA function, ing in cell death.
There is a need for new methods for preparing conjugates of cell-binding agent and cytotoxic drugs bearing an imine group.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention describes the use of imine-reactive reagents for treating an containing drug, which resulted in an unexpected improvement in its conjugation on with cell binding agents (CBA) such as antibodies. The reagents are such that the cell killing properties of the drug are not diminished and the integrity of the CBA (antibody) is fully maintained. [06a] In one aspect, the present ion provides a method for preparing a conjugate sing a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a ed cytotoxic compound with a ed CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: a) the modified CBA comprises a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the CBA, and the residue comprises the linking group and a thiol-reactive group; and b) the modified cytotoxic nd comprises a thiol group, and is ed by ng an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the thiol group with an imine reactive reagent, and wherein the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is represented by one of the following formulae: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X’ is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH2O)n-Rc, an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an ally substituted 3- to bered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently ed from O, S, N and P; Y’ is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, , and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3 to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; Rc is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, R4, R1’, R2’, R3’ and R4’ are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2)n-Rc, halogen,guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, -NCO, -NR’COR’’, -SR, a sulfoxide ented by -SOR’, a sulfone represented by -SO2R’, a sulfonate -SO3-M+, a e -OSO3-M+, a sulfonamide represented by -SO2NR’R’’, cyano, an azido, -COR’, - OCOR’, -OCONR’R’’; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, an ally substituted 2O) n-R aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring ning 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; R’ and R’’ are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, - COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, and an optionally 2O) n-R substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=O, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and SO2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, or, n; Z and Z’ are independently selected from -(CH2)n’ -, -(CH2)n’ -CR 7R8-(CH 2)na’ -, - (CH 2)n’ -NR 9-(CH 2)na’ -, -(CH2)n’ -O-(CH 2)na’ - and -(CH2)n’ –S-(CH 2)na’ -; n’ and na’ are the same or ent, and are ed from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R8 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, - OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR’, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH 2)n-, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH 2)n-; A and A’ are the same or different, and are independently selected from -O-, oxo (- C(=O)-), -CRR’O-, , -S-, -CRR’S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR’N(R5)-, R5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D’ are the same or different, and are ndently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-; and L is absent, or when present, comprises the thiol group, or is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted; and the imine reactive reagent is selected from the group consisting of sulfites (H2SO 3, H2SO -, SO 2- or HSO - formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H 2 or a salt of HSO3 3 2 2S2O5 or a salt of S2O52- formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- thiophosphates (PO3SH 3, PO 3-, PO 3-, POS 3- or PS 3- formed with a 2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of PO3S 2S2 3 4 cation), thio phosphate esters ((RiO) i), RiSH, RiSOH, RiSO iSO 2PS(OR 2H, R 3H), s amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g. , NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g. , NH2NH i, Ri’NH-Ri, 2), NH2O-R NH i), NH , thiosulfate (H 2- formed 2-R 2-CO-NH 2, NH2-C(=S)-NH 2 2S2O3 or a salt of S2O3 with a cation), dithionite (H2S2O4 or a salt of S2O42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=O)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), hydrazide (R kCONHNH - formed 2), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2SO 2H or a salt of HOCH2SO 2 with a cation, such as O -Na +), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP-mannose), fludarabine or a mixture thereof, wherein Ri and Ri’ are each ndently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one substituent ed from -N(Rj)2, -CO2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; Ri and Ri’ can be r optionally substituted with a tuent for an alkyl described herein; Rj is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl. [06b] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a ate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic nd with a linking group, the method comprising reacting the CBA with an imine-containing cytotoxic compound, an imine reactive reagent, and a bifunctional crosslinking agent comprising the linking group to form the conjugate, wherein the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is represented by any one of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof: wherein: X’ is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH2O)n-Rc, an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more atoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and , and an ally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; Y’ is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms ndently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3 to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; Rc is -H or a substituted or tituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, R4, R1’, R2’, R3’ and R4’ are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2)n-Rc, halogen,guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, -NCO, -NR’COR’’, -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR’, a sulfone represented by -SO2R’, a sulfonate -SO3-M+, a e -OSO3-M+, a sulfonamide represented by -SO2NR’R’’, cyano, an azido, -COR’, - OCOR’, -OCONR’R’’ and the linking group; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, an optionally substituted 2O) n-R aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently ed from nitrogen, , and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; R’ and R’’ are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, - COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, and an optionally 2O)n-R substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an r from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=O, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and SO2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, or halogen; Z and Z’ are independently selected from -(CH2)n’ -, -(CH2)n’ -CR 7R8-(CH 2)na’ -, - (CH 2)n’ -NR 9-(CH 2)na’ -, n’ -O-(CH 2)na’ - and -(CH2)n’ –S-(CH 2)na’ -; n’ and na’ are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R8 are the same or ent, and are each independently selected from -H, - OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR’, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH 2)n-, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH 2)n-; A and A’ are the same or different, and are ndently selected from -O-, oxo (- C(=O)-), -CRR’O-, -CRR’-, -S-, -CRR’S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR’N(R5)-, R5 for each occurrence is ndently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D’ are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide g 2 to 6 amino acids, and a hylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-; and L is absent, or when present, comprises the thiol group, and is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring or a 5- to 18- ed heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, l, phenyl, or heterocyclic or aryl ring is optionally substituted; and the imine reactive reagent is selected from the group consisting of sulfites (H -, SO 2- or HSO - formed with a cation), metabisulfite 2SO 3, H2SO 2 or a salt of HSO3 3 2 (H 2- formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- osphates 2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 (PO 3-, PO 3-, POS 3- or PS 3- formed 3SH 3, PO2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of PO3S 2S2 3 4 with a cation), thio phosphate esters ((RiO) i), RiSH, RiSOH, RiSO iSO 2PS(OR 2H, R 3H), s amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g. , NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g. , NH2NH i, 2), NH2O-R Ri’NH-Ri, NH2-Ri), NH2-CO-NH , thiosulfate (H 2- 2, NH2-C(=S)-NH 2 2S2O3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), dithionite (H2S2O4 or a salt of S2O42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=O)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), hydrazide (R kCONHNH - formed 2), dehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2SO 2H or a salt of HOCH2SO 2 with a , such as HOCH2SO -Na +), glycated nucleotide (such as nnose), fludarabine or a mixture thereof, wherein Ri and Ri’ are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(Rj)2, -CO2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; Ri and Ri’ can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described ; Rj is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or aryl. [06c] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a xic compound with a linking group, the method comprising: a) reacting a modified cytotoxic compound with a bifunctional crosslinking agent comprising the linking group, a group reactive with the CBA (such as a thiol group, a maleimide group, a haloacetamide group, or an amine group), and a group reactive with the ed cytotoxic compound, to form a second modified cytotoxic compound covalently bonded to a residue of the bifunctional crosslinking agent, wherein the residue comprises the linking group and the group reactive with the CBA; wherein the modified cytotoxic compound is produced by reacting an iminecontaining cytotoxic compound with an imine reactive reagent, wherein the imine- containing cytotoxic nd is represented by one of the ing as, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: X’ is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH2O)n-Rc, an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, , and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; Y’ is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, , and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3 to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 atoms; Rc is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R1, R2, R3, R4, R1’, R2’, R3’ and R4’ are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2)n-Rc, halogen,guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, -NCO, -NR’COR’’, -SR, a ide represented by -SOR’, a sulfone represented by -SO2R’, a sulfonate -SO3-M+, a sulfate -OSO3-M+, a sulfonamide represented by -SO2NR’R’’, cyano, an azido, -COR’, - OCOR’, -OCONR’R’’; R, for each ence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, an optionally substituted 2O) n-R aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; R’ and R’’ are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, - COR, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit H c, and an optionally 2O) n-R tuted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=O, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and SO2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, or, halogen; Z and Z’ are ndently selected from -(CH2)n’ -, -(CH2)n’ -CR 7R8-(CH 2)na’ -, - (CH 2)n’ -NR 9-(CH 2)na’ -, -(CH2)n’ -O-(CH 2)na’ - and -(CH2)n’ –S-(CH 2)na’ -; n’ and na’ are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R8 are the same or different, and are each ndently selected from -H, - OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR’, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH 2)n-, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is ndently selected from -H, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH 2)n-; A and A’ are the same or different, and are independently selected from -O-, oxo (- C(=O)-), -CRR’O-, -CRR’-, -S-, -, -N(R5)- and -CRR’N(R5)-, R5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D’ are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-; L is , or when present, comprises the thiol group, or is a polyethylene glycol unit (- OCH 2CH 2)n-, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted; and, n the imine reactive reagent is ed from the group consisting of sulfites (H2SO 3, H2SO -, SO 2- or HSO - formed with a ), metabisulfite (H 2 or a salt of HSO3 3 2 2S2O5 or a salt of S2O52- formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- thiophosphates (PO3SH 3, PO 3-, PO 3-, POS 3- or PS 3- formed with a 2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of PO3S 2S2 3 4 ), thio phosphate esters ((RiO) i), RiSH, RiSOH, RiSO iSO 2PS(OR 2H, R 3H), various amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g. , , hydrazine (e.g. , NH2NH i, Ri’NH-Ri, 2), NH2O-R NH i), NH , thiosulfate (H 2- formed 2-R 2-CO-NH 2, NH2-C(=S)-NH 2 2S2O3 or a salt of S2O3 with a cation), dithionite (H2S2O4 or a salt of S2O42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=O)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), hydrazide (R kCONHNH - formed 2), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2SO 2H or a salt of HOCH2SO 2 with a cation, such as HOCH2SO -Na +), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP-mannose), fludarabine or a mixture thereof, wherein Ri and Ri’ are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(Rj)2, -CO2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; Ri and Ri’ can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; Rj is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or aryl; and b) ng the second modified cytotoxic compound with the CBA through the group reactive with the CBA, at a pH of about 4 to about 9, to form the ate. [06d] In another aspect, the present invention es a method for preparing a conjugate sing a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a second modified cytotoxic nd with the CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein the second modified cytotoxic compound comprises: a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the cytotoxic compound, and the residue comprises the linking group and a reactive group selected from a ve ester and a thiol-reactive group, and, is produced by ng an imine reactive reagent with an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the linking group and the reactive group, wherein the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is represented by one of the following formulae: , or or a pharmaceutically able salt thereof, wherein: X’ is selected from -H, -OH, an amine-protecting group, the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH2O)n-Rc, an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to bered aryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently ed from O, S, N and P; Y’ is selected from -H, an oxo group, the g group with the reactive group bonded thereto, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to bered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; Rc is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; R1, R2, R3, R4, R1’, R2’, R3’ and R4’ are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH c, 2)n-R halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, -NCO, -NR’COR’’, -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR’, a sulfone represented by -SO2R’, a sulfonate -SO3-M+, a sulfate -OSO3-M+, a sulfonamide represented by ’R’’, cyano, an azido, -COR’, - OCOR’, -OCONR’R’’, and the linking group with the ve group bonded thereto; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, an optionally substituted 2O) n-R aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms ndently selected from en, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently ed from O, S, N and P; R’ and R’’ are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, - COR, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH c, and an optionally 2O) n-R substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=O, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and SO2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR’R’’, -NO2, halogen or the g group with the reactive group bonded o; Z and Z’ are independently selected from -(CH2)n’ -, -(CH2)n’ -CR 7R8-(CH 2)na’ -, - (CH 2)n’ -NR 9-(CH 2)na’ -, -(CH2)n’ -O-(CH 2)na’ - and -(CH2)n’ –S-(CH 2)na’ -; n’ and na’ are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R8 are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, - OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR’, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH 2)n-, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH 2)n-; A and A’ are the same or different, and are independently selected from -O-, oxo (- C(=O)-), -CRR’O-, -CRR’-, -S-, -CRR’S-, -NR5 and -CRR’N(R5)-; R5 for each occurrence is ndently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D’ are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-; L is absent, the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH 2)n-, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3 to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently ed from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl or alkenyl is optionally substituted with the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; phenyl or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring can be optionally tuted, wherein the substituent can be the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; and wherein the imine ve reagent is selected from the group consisting of sulfites (H -, SO 2- or HSO - formed with a cation), sulfite 2SO 3, H2SO 2 or a salt of HSO3 3 2 (H 2- formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- thiophosphates 2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 (PO 3-, PO 3-, POS 3- or PS 3- formed 3SH 3, PO2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of PO3S 2S2 3 4 with a cation), thio phosphate esters ((RiO) i), RiSH, RiSOH, RiSO iSO 2PS(OR 2H, R 3H), various amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g. , NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g. , NH2NH i, 2), NH2O-R Ri’NH-Ri, NH2-Ri), NH2-CO-NH , thiosulfate (H 2- 2, NH2-C(=S)-NH 2 2S2O3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), dithionite (H2S2O4 or a salt of S2O42- formed with a cation), orodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=O)NHOH or a salt formed with a ), hydrazide (R kCONHNH - formed 2), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2SO 2H or a salt of O 2 with a cation, such as HOCH2SO -Na +), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP-mannose), fludarabine or a mixture thereof, wherein Ri and Ri’ are each ndently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(Rj)2, -CO2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; Ri and Ri’ can be further ally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; Rj is a linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl. [06e] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate of the following formula: , or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising reacting a modified cytotoxic compound of the following formula, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a modified inding agent (CBA) of the following formula, respectively, at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: r is an r from 1 to 10; Y is -SO3M; and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a cytotoxic compound with a modified CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: a) the modified CBA comprises a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the CBA, and the e ses the linking group and a thiolreactive group; and b) the xic compound comprises a thiol group, and a group represented wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HSO 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of PO3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (P O PS OR ), P S-, R^O, 0 2, S0 , thiosulfate (HS 2O3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk OH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a , such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture thereof, n R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound is produced by reacting an containing xic compound bearing the thiol group with an imine reactive reagent.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic nd with a linking group, the method comprising reacting the CBA with an imine-containing cytotoxic nd, an imine reactive t, and a bifunctional crosslinking agent sing the linking group to form the conjugate.
In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) ated to a cytotoxic compound with a g group, the method comprising: a) reacting a cytotoxic compound with a bifunctional crosslinking agent comprising the linking group, a group reactive with the CBA (such as a thiol group, a maleimide group, a haloacetamide group, or an amine group), and a group reactive with the xic compound, to form a modified cytotoxic compound covalently bonded to a residue of the bifunctional crosslinking agent, wherein the residue comprises the linking group and the group reactive with the CBA; wherein the cytotoxic compound is represented by one of the following as, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f: wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HSO 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HSO 2 formed with a cation), sulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, PO2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of PO3S3 , P0 3 , POS 3 2S2 3 or PS4 formed with a ), thio phosphate ester (R O)2PS(OR ), R S-, R SO, R S0 2, S0 , thiosulfate (HS 2O3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS 20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH 2SO2 or a salt of HOCH +) or a mixture thereof, 2SO2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH 2SO2 Na wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -CO 2H , -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be r optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; X' is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an ally tuted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3 to 18- membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or tituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R R2, R3, R4, Ri', R2', R3' and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -NO 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 3 M+, a sulfate -OS0 3 M+, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', - OCONR'R"; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from en, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R'' are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - ) -R , and an ally substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, or, halogen; Z and Z' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) -CR7R - (CH2) - , -(CH2) NR9-(CH2) , -(CH2) (CH 2) -S-(CH a a - and -(CH2) a 2) ; n' and na' are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R5)-, R5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a e bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a hylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) - L is , or when t, comprises the thiol group, or is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted; and, b) reacting the modified cytotoxic nd with the CBA through the group reactive with the CBA, at a pH of about 4 to about 9, to form the conjugate.
In any of the above embodiments, the imine-containing xic compound may be represented by any one of the following as, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: X' is ed from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently selected from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from en, oxygen, and , an optionally substituted 3 to 18- membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R R2, R3, 1 R4, R , R2', R3' and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , n, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 M+, a sulfate -OS0 M+, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', , - R" and the linking group; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently ed from nitrogen, oxygen, and , or an optionally substituted 3- to bered cyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; R' and R'' are each independently ed from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, or halogen; Z and Z ' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) --CR R8- , -(CH2)„ -NR 9-(CH2) a - , -(CH2) -0 -(CH2)„a - and -(CH2)„ - S-(CH2) a - ; n' and na' are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit g 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH2) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R 5)-, R 5 for each ence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group ting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n- L is , or when present, comprises the thiol group, and is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a inding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a g group, the method comprising reacting a modified xic compound with the CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein the modified cytotoxic compound comprises: a) a residue of a tional crosslinking agent bonded to the cytotoxic compound, and the residue comprises the linking group and a reactive group selected from a reactive ester and a thiol-reactive group, and, b) a group represented by: wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a e (HS0 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HS0 2 formed with a ), metabisulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (P O PS OR ), P S-, P SO, R S0 2, P SOs, thiosulfate (HS2C"3 or a salt of S2C"3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture f, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; P is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
In certain embodiments, the modified cytotoxic compound is ed by reacting an imine reactive reagent with an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the linking group and the reactive group.
In any of the above embodiments, the modified cytotoxic compound is represented by any one of the following formulas: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f, wherein: Y is a sulfite (HS0 2 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HS0 3 , S0 3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (P0 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3S3 , PO2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester ( O PS OR ), P S-, P SO, P SC , P SO , thiosulfate (HS20 3 or a salt of S20 32- formed with a ), nite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk )(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a e thereof, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one tuent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -S0 3H, and -P0 3H; R can be further optionally substituted with a tuent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; X' is selected from -H, an protecting group, the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more atoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an ally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a tuted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the linking group with the reactive group bonded o; R R2, R3, 1 R4, Ri', R2', R3' and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 3 M+, a sulfate -OS0 3 M+, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 , cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', - R", and the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally tuted 5- to 18-membered aryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R'' are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally tuted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, halogen or the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; Z and Z ' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) --CR R8- (CH2 -, -(CH2V-NR 9-(CH2) , -(CH ) (CH ) and -(CH ) -S-(CH ) ; a a a n' and na' are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or ent, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -NR5 and -CRR'N(R 5)-; R 5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -; L is absent, the g group with the reactive group bonded thereto, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3 to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently ed from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl or alkenyl is optionally substituted with the linking group with the ve group bonded thereto; phenyl or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring can be optionally substituted, wherein the substituent can be the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto.
In any of the above embodiments, the cytotoxic nd and the linking group of the conju ate is represented by any one of the following formulas: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt f, wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HS0 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HS0 2 formed with a ), metabisulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of PO3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (P O PS OR ), P S-, P SO, P SC , S0 , thiosulfate (HS2C"3 or a salt of S2C"3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture f, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent ed from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described ; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; X' is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, the linking group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an ally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted - to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently ed from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, the linking group, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring ning one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and , an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the linking group; R R2, R3, R4, Ri', R2', R3' and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a e represented by -S0 2R', a ate -S0 M+, a sulfate -OS0 M+, a sulfonamide ented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', - R" and the linking group; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as Na+; R, for each ence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R'' are each independently ed from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is ed from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, halogen or the linking group; Z and Z ' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) -CR7R - (CH2) , -(CH2) NR9-(CH2) , -(CH2V-CHCH2 - and -(CH2V -S-(CH a a 2) a - ; n' and na' are the same or ent, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2)n-; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo )-), -, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R 5)-, R 5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a e bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -; L is absent, the linking group, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n-, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl or alkenyl is optionally tuted with the linking group; phenyl or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring can be ally substituted, wherein the substituent can comprise the linking group.
Several preferred conjugates that may be produced according to any of the methods of the ion include: wherein CBA is a cell binding agent, such as an antibody, and r is an r between 1-20, preferably between 1-10 or 1-5.
As used herein, when referring to a group (e.g., R , L, X ' etc.) "is/be" (or "is not") the linking group or the linking group with the reactive group bounded thereto, it is meant that the group "comprises" (or "does not se") the linking group or the linking group with the reactive group bounded o.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES shows mass spectra of deglycosylated huMy9-6 -2 conjugates prepared without and with ite, containing 1.4 DAR (A) and 3.1 DAR (B), respectively.
DAR: drug antibody ratio. shows similar in vitro cytotoxicity of HuMy9Drug 2 conjugates prepared without and with sodium bisulfite against CD33-antigen expressing HL60 cells. shows similar in vitro xicity of anti-CD22 Ab-Drug 2 conjugates prepared without and with sodium bisulfite against CD22-antigen expressing BJAB cells. shows reverse phase HPLC analysis of drug 2 and sodium bisulfite- treated drug 2 . shows MS analysis of deglycosylated huMy9SPDB-drug 1 prepared with and without sodium bisulfite using 7 molar equivalents of 1 per antibody. A) Conjugate prepared without sodium bisulfite with e 1.4 drug 1/Ab and antibody species with up to three linked drug 1 molecules. B) Conjugate prepared with sodium ite with average of 2.5 1/Ab and antibody species with up to seven linked drug 1 molecules. shows that addition of sodium bisulfite conjugation reaction of drug 1 did not result in fragmentation of antibody (non-reducing SDS-PAGE; gel chip analysis).
FIGs. 7-11 show exemplary methods of the present invention for preparing a cell-binding agent-drug ate. shows Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis of deglycosylated My9 SPDB-1 made by conjugating an NHS ester containing compound 1 (one-step reagent method) ly to antibody lysines, or conjugating compound Id to a dithiopyridine modified antibody (two step method). shows MS data for My9sulfo-SPDB-l made using a two-step method under different pH conditions. Increased reaction time appears to be correlated with sed CD33-antigen-independent in vitro cytotoxicity measured on HL60-QC cells pretreated with 1 mM unconjugate huMy9-6. Antigen-dependent g for all conjugates was similarly high (~4 pM IC ) . Short reaction time (1-3 h) is preferred to minimize antibody ntation and in vitro non-specific cell killing for My9sulfo- SPDB-1. shows MS data for chKTI-sulfo-SPDB -1 made using a two-step method with different compound Id / linker . shows the use of covalent imine reactants to improve Ab-drug conjugate specifications ( monomer and drug load). shows the scheme for the two-step synthesis of the entative antibody-drug conjugates. shows the in vitro cytotoxicity and specificity of the huMy9SPDB -lf conjugates against various cell lines. Note that sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. shows ation of dimer does not reduce binding affinity of antibody.
Note that sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. shows the in vivo antitumor ty of huMy9-6 conjugate. Note that sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation on for making the conjugate. shows in vitro cytotoxicity of huMy9SPDB -lf conjugate against antigen positive cells. Note that sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. 1 shows in vitro cytotoxicity for huMy9SPDB -lf (A), huMy9 sulfoSPDB-lf (B) and huMy9BMPS -lf (C) against HL60/QC (Ag+) cells with and without blocking of antigen binding sites. Note that in all three ments (34A, 34B, and 34C), sodium bisulfite were added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. shows in vitro xicity for chB38.1-SPDB -lf (A), and chB38.1- sulfoSPDB-lf (B) against COLO205 (Ag+) cells. Note that in both experiments, sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. shows in vivo efficacy of huMy9SPDB -lf in HL60/QC bearing mice.
Note that sodium ite was added to the conjugation reaction. shows antiproliferative activity by comparing (A) huMy9SPDB -lf, (B) huMy9sulfoSPDB -lf, and (C) huMy9BMPS -lf, against OCI-AML3 (Ag+) cells with and without blocking of antigen g sites. Note that in all three experiments, sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. shows in vivo efficacy of huMy9BMPS -lf in MOLM-13 tumor bearing mice. Note that sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the ate. shows a entative synthesis scheme for a Sulfonated folate / cytotoxic compound conjugate. Note that sodium ite was added to the ation reaction for making the conjugate. shows in vivo efficacy of huMy9drug 2 in MOLM-13 tumor bearing mice. Note that sodium bisulfite was added to the conjugation reaction for making the conjugate. shows the preparation of 6-sulfo-SPDB -ld using the highly reactive 4-nitroPy-sulfo-SPDB linker.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Reference will now be made in detail to n embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all alternatives, cations, and equivalents which may be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. One skilled in the art will ize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention.
It should be understood that any of the embodiments described herein, including those described under different aspects of the invention {e.g., compounds, compoundlinker molecules, conjugates, compositions, methods of making and using) and different parts of the specification (including embodiments described only in the Examples) can be combined with one or more other embodiments of the invention, unless explicitly imed or improper. Combination of embodiments are not limited to those specific combinations claimed via the multiple dependent claims.
Definitions "Linear or branched alkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of one to twenty carbon atoms. es of alkyl include, but are not d to, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1- butyl, 2-methyl-l -propyl, -CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-pentyl, 2- pentyl 3-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 3-methyl-l -butyl, 2-methyl-lbutyl , 1-hexyl), 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methyl pentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethyl butyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, and the like. Preferably, the alkyl has one to ten carbon atoms.
More preferably, the alkyl has one to four carbon atoms.
"Linear or branched alkenyl" refers to linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical of two to twenty carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a -carbon, double bond, wherein the alkenyl radical includes radicals having "cis" and " orientations, or alternatively, "E" and "Z" orientations. Examples e, but are not limited to, ethylenyl or vinyl H2), allyl (-CH2CH=CH2), and the like. Preferably, the alkenyl has two to ten carbon atoms. More preferably, the alkyl has two to four carbon atoms.
"Linear or branched alkynyl" refers to a linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical of two to twenty carbon atoms with at least one site of unsaturation, i.e., a carbon-carbon, triple bond. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like. Preferably, the l has two to ten carbon atoms. More preferably, the alkynyl has two to four carbon atoms.
The term cycle," "carbocyclyl" and "carbocyclic ring" refer to a monovalent non-aromatic, saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms as a monocyclic ring or 7 to 12 carbon atoms as a bicyclic ring. Bicyclic ycles having 7 to 12 atoms can be ed, for example, as a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6], or [6,6] , and bicyclic carbocycles having 9 or 10 ring atoms can be arranged as a bicyclo [5,6] or [6,6] system, or as bridged s such as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. Examples of monocyclic carbocycles include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-l-enyl, l-cyclopentenyl, opentenyl, cyclohexyl, 1- cyclohex-l-enyl, l-cyclohexenyl, l-cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclododecyl, and the like.
The terms "cyclic alkyl" and "cycloalkyl" can be used interchangeably. They refer to a monovalent saturated carbocyclic ring radical. Preferably, the cyclic alkyl is 3 to 7 membered monocyclic ring radical. More preferably, the cyclic alkyl is cyclohexyl.
The term "cyclic alkenyl" refers to a carbocyclic ring radical having at least one double bond in the ring ure.
The term "cyclic alkynyl" refers to a carbocyclic ring radical having at least one triple bond in the ring ure.
"Aryl" means a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical of 6-18 carbon atoms derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system. Some aryl groups are represented in the exemplary structures as "Ar." Aryl includes bicyclic radicals comprising an aromatic ring fused to a saturated, partially unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Typical aryl groups include, but are not d to, radicals derived from benzene (phenyl), substituted benzenes, naphthalene, cene, l, indanyl, 1,2-dihydronapthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthyl, and the like. Preferably, aryl is phenyl group.
The terms "heterocycle," "heterocyclyl," and ocyclic ring" are used interchangeably herein and refer to a ted or a partially unsaturated (i.e., having one or more double and/or triple bonds within the ring) carbocyclic radical of 3 to 18 ring atoms in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, the remaining ring atoms being C, where one or more ring atoms is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described below.
A heterocycle may be a monocycle having 3 to 7 ring members (2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 heteroatoms ed from N, O, P, and S) or a bicycle having 7 to 10 ring members (4 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from N, O, P, and S), for example: a bicyclo [4,5], [5,5], [5,6], or [6,6] . Heterocycles are described in Paquette, Leo A.; iples of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry" (W. A . Benjamin, New York, 1968), particularly Chapters 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9; "The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, A series of Monographs" (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1950 to present), in particular Volumes 13, 14, 16, 19, and 28; and J . Am. Chem. Soc. (1960) 82:5566. "Heterocyclyl" also includes radicals where cycle radicals are fused with a saturated, partially unsaturated ring, or aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Examples of heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, ydrothiopyranyl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, peridinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, pinyl, olinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, oxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinylimidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyco[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, and azabicyclo[2.2.2]hexanyl. Spiro moieties are also included within the scope of this definition. Examples of a heterocyclic group wherein ring atoms are substituted with oxo (=0) moieties are pyrimidinonyl and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl.
The term "heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent aromatic radical of 5- or 6- membered rings, and includes fused ring systems (at least one of which is aromatic) of -18 atoms, containing one or more heteroatoms ndently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl groups are pyridinyl (including, for example, 2-hydroxypyridinyl), imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, pyrimidinyl (including, for example, 4-hydroxypyrimidinyl), pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, lyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, azinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, hiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, olinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl.
The heterocycle or heteroaryl groups may be carbon (carbon-linked) or en (nitrogen-linked) attached where such is possible. By way of example and not tion, carbon bonded heterocycles or heteroaryls are bonded at position 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridine, position 3, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyridazine, position 2, 4, 5, or 6 of a pyrimidine, position 2, 3, 5, or 6 of a pyrazine, position 2, 3, 4, or 5 of a furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiofuran, thiophene, pyrrole or tetrahydropyrrole, on 2, 4, or 5 of an oxazole, imidazole or thiazole, position 3, 4, or 5 of an isoxazole, pyrazole, or isothiazole, position 2 or 3 of an aziridine, position 2, 3, or 4 of an azetidine, position 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of a quinoline or position 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of an noline.
By way of example and not limitation, nitrogen bonded heterocycles or heteroaryls are bonded at position 1 of an aziridine, azetidine, e, pyrrolidine, 2- pyrroline, 3-pyrroline, imidazole, imidazolidine, 2-imidazoline, 3-imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, zoline, 3-pyrazoline, piperidine, piperazine, indole, indoline, 1H- indazole, position 2 of a isoindole, or isoindoline, position 4 of a morpholine, and position 9 of a carbazole, or O-carboline.
The heteroatoms present in heteroaryl or heterocyclcyl include the oxidized forms such as NO, SO, and S0 2.
The term "halo" or "halogen" refers to F, CI, Br or I .
The alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyclic alkyl, cyclic alkenyl, cyclic alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl described above can be optionally substituted with one more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more) substituents.
If a substituent is described as being "substituted," a non-hydrogen substituent is in the place of a hydrogen tuent on a carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen of the substituent. Thus, for example, a substituted alkyl substituent is an alkyl substituent wherein at least one non-hydrogen substituent is in the place of a en substituent on the alkyl substituent. To illustrate, monofluoroalkyl is alkyl substituted with a fluoro tuent, and difluoroalkyl is alkyl substituted with two fluoro substituents. It should be recognized that if there is more than one tution on a tuent, each non- hydrogen substituent may be identical or different (unless otherwise stated).
If a tuent is described as being "optionally substituted," the substituent may be either (1) not substituted, or (2) substituted. If a carbon of a tuent is described as being optionally substituted with one or more of a list of substituents, one or more of the hydrogens on the carbon (to the extent there are any) may separately and/or together be replaced with an independently selected optional substituent. If a nitrogen of a substituent is bed as being optionally substituted with one or more of a list of substituents, one or more of the hydrogens on the en (to the extent there are any) may each be replaced with an independently selected optional substituent. One exemplary substituent may be depicted as -NR'R", wherein R' and R" together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may form a cyclic ring. The heterocyclic ring formed from R' and R" together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be lly or fully saturated. In one embodiment, the heterocyclic ring consists of 3 to 7 atoms. In r embodiment, the heterocyclic ring is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridyl and thiazolyl.
This specification uses the terms "substituent," "radical," and "group" hangeably.
If a group of substituents are collectively described as being optionally tuted by one or more of a list of substituents, the group may include: (1) unsubstitutable substituents, (2) substitutable substituents that are not substituted by the optional substituents, and/or (3) substitutable substituents that are substituted by one or more of the optional tuents.
If a substituent is described as being optionally substituted with up to a particular number of non-hydrogen substituents, that substituent may be either (1) not substituted; or (2) substituted by up to that particular number of non-hydrogen substituents or by up to the maximum number of substitutable positions on the substituent, whichever is less.
Thus, for example, if a substituent is described as a heteroaryl optionally substituted with up to 3 non-hydrogen substituents, then any heteroaryl with less than 3 substitutable positions would be optionally tuted by up to only as many nonhydrogen substituents as the heteroaryl has substitutable positions. Such substituents, in non-limiting examples, can be selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycyclyl, halogen, inium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], , NR101R102, -N0 2, -NR101COR 102, -SR100, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR101 , a sulfone represented by -S0 101 , a sulfonate - S0 3M, a sulfate -OSO3M, a sulfonamide represented by -SO2NR101R102, cyano, an azido, -COR 101 , -OCOR101 , -OCONR 2 and a polyethylene glycol unit (- OCH2CH2) R101 wherein M is H or a pharmaceutically able cation (such as Na+ or K+); R101 , R102 and R10 are each independently selected from H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -R 104, n n is an integer from 1 to 24, an aryl having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic ring having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms and a heteroaryl having 5 to 10 carbon atoms; and R104 is H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclcyl in the groups represented by R100, R101 , R102, R10 and R104 are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more) substituents ndently selected from halogen, -OH, -CN, -N0 2 and unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferably, the substituents for the optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyclic alkyl, cyclic alkenyl, cyclic alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl and heteroaryl bed above include halogen, -CN, -NR102R103 , -CF3, -OR101 , aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycycl, -SR , -SOR , -S0 2R and -S0 3M .
The term "compound" or "cytotoxic compound," "cytotoxic dimer" and "cytotoxic dimer compound" are used interchangeably. They are intended to include compounds for which a structure or formula or any biologically active derivative thereof has been disclosed in the present invention or a structure or formula or any derivative thereof that has been incorporated by reference. The term also includes, stereoisomers, geometric isomers, tautomers, es, metabolites, salts (e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable salts) and prodrugs, and prodrug salts of a compound of all the ae disclosed in the present invention. The term also includes any solvates, hydrates, and polymorphs of any of the foregoing. The specific recitation of "stereoisomers," "geometric isomers," "tautomers," "solvates," "metabolites," "salt" "prodrug," "prodrug salt," "conjugates," "conjugates salt," "solvate," "hydrate," or "polymorph" in n aspects of the invention described in this application shall not be interpreted as an intended omission of these forms in other aspects of the invention where the term "compound" is used without recitation of these other forms. In one embodiment, cytotoxic compound comprises a linking group or a linking group with a reactive group bonded o. Alternatively, cytotoxic compound does not comprise a linking group or a linking group with a reactive group bonded thereto.
The term "conjugate" as used herein refers to a compound described herein or a tive thereof that is linked to a cell binding agent.
The term "linkable to a cell binding agent" as used herein refers to the compounds described herein or derivates thereof comprising at least one linking group or a precursor thereof le to bond these compounds or derivatives thereof to a cell binding agent.
The term "precursor" of a given group refers to any group which may lead to that group by any deprotection, a al modification, or a ng reaction.
The term "linked to a cell binding agent" refers to a conjugate molecule comprising at least one of the compounds described herein (e.g., compounds and drug- linker compounds describe herein), or derivative f bound to a cell binding agent via a le linking group or a precursor f.
The term "chiral" refers to molecules which have the property of nonsuperimposability of the mirror image r, while the term "achiral" refers to molecules which are superimposable on their mirror image partner.
The term "stereoisomer" refers to compounds which have identical chemical constitution and connectivity, but different orientations of their atoms in space that cannot be interconverted by on about single bonds. [ 1] "Diastereomer" refers to a stereoisomer with two or more centers of chirality and whose molecules are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomers have different physical properties, e.g. melting , boiling points, spectral properties, and reactivities. Mixtures of diastereomers may separate under high resolution analytical ures such as crystallization, electrophoresis and chromatography.
"Enantiomers" refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non- superimposable mirror images of one another.
Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow S. P.
Parker, Ed., -Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York; and Eliel, E. and Wilen, S., "Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. The compounds of the invention may contain asymmetric or chiral s, and therefore exist in ent stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of the invention, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention.
Many c compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L, or R and S, are used to denote the absolute uration of the molecule about its chiral center(s). The prefixes d and I or (+) and (-) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of polarized light by the compound, with (-) or 1 meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture. A 50:50 e of omers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or specificity in a chemical reaction or process. The terms "racemic e" and "racemate" refer to an equimolar mixture of two enantiomeric s, devoid of optical activity.
The term "tautomer" or "tautomeric form" refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. For example, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol and imine-enamine isomerizations. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons.
The term "prodrug" as used in this application refers to a precursor or tive form of a compound of the invention that is capable of being enzymatically or hydrolytically activated or converted into the more active parent form. See, e.g., Wilman, "Prodrugs in Cancer herapy" Biochemical Society Transactions, 14, pp. 375-382, 615th Meeting Belfast (1986) and Stella et al., "Prodrugs: A Chemical Approach to Targeted Drug Delivery," Directed Drug Delivery, Borchardt et al., (ed.), pp. 247-267, Humana Press (1985). The prodrugs of this invention include, but are not limited to, ester-containing prodrugs, phosphate-containing gs, thiophosphatecontaining prodrugs, sulfate-containing prodrugs, peptide-containing prodrugs, D-amino acid-modified prodrugs, glycosylated prodrugs, b-lactam-containing prodrugs, optionally substituted phenoxyacetamide-containing gs, optionally substituted phenylacetamide-containing prodrugs, rocytosine and other 5-fluorouridine prodrugs which can be converted into the more active cytotoxic free drug. Examples of cytotoxic drugs that can be derivatized into a prodrug form for use in this invention include, but are not limited to, compounds of the invention and chemotherapeutic agents such as described above.
The term "prodrug" is also meant to include a derivative of a compound that can yze, oxidize, or otherwise react under ical conditions (in vitro or in vivo) to provide a compound of this invention. gs may only become active upon such reaction under biological conditions, or they may have activity in their unreacted forms.
Examples of prodrugs contemplated in this ion e, but are not limited to, analogs or derivatives of compounds of any one of the formulae sed herein that se biohydrolyzable moieties such as biohydrolyzable amides, biohydrolyzable esters, biohydrolyzable carbamates, biohydrolyzable carbonates, biohydrolyzable s, and biohydrolyzable phosphate analogues. Other examples of prodrugs include derivatives of compounds of any one of the formulae disclosed herein that comprise - NO, -N0 2, -ONO, or -ON0 2 moieties. Prodrugs can typically be prepared using well- known methods, such as those bed by Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery (1995) 8, 949-982 (Manfred E . Wolff ed., 5th ed); see also Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, Int.
Ed. 1992, "Biotransformation of Drugs." One preferred form of prodrug of the invention includes compounds (with or without any linker groups) and conjugates of the invention sing an adduct formed between an imine bond of the compounds / conjugates and an imine reactive t.
The term "imine reactive reagent" refers to a reagent that is capable of reacting with an imine group. Examples of imine reactive t includes, but is not limited to, sulfites (H2S0 3, H2SO2 or a salt of HS0 2 3 , S0 3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetrathiophosphates (P0 3SH3, P0 2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of P0 3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate esters ((R O)2PS(OR ), P SH, PJSOH, R'SC^H, R'S0 3H), various amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g., NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g., NH2NH2), NH20-R\ R^NH-R , NH2-R'), NH2-CO-NH2, NH2-C(=S)-NH2 thiosulfate (H2S20 3 or a salt of S20 32- formed with a cation), dithionite (H2S20 4 or a salt of S20 42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt f formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=0)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), ide (RkCONHNH2), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2H or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP-mannose), fludarabine or a e thereof, wherein R1and R1 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one substituent ed from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -S0 3H, and -P0 3H; R and R can be further optionally substituted with a tuent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl (preferably, Rk is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; more preferably, Rk is methyl, ethyl or propyl). Preferably, the cation is a monovalent cation, such as Na+ or K+. Preferably, the imine reactive t is selected from sulfites, hydroxyl amine, urea and hydrazine. More preferably, the imine ve reagent is NaHS0 3 or KHS0 3.
As used herein and unless otherwise indicated, the terms "biohydrolyzable " "biohydrolyzable ester," "biohydrolyzable carbamate," "biohydrolyzable carbonate," "biohydrolyzable ureide" and "biohydrolyzable phosphate analogue" mean an amide, ester, carbamate, carbonate, ureide, or phosphate analogue, respectively, that either: 1) does not destroy the biological ty of the compound and confers upon that nd advantageous properties in vivo, such as uptake, duration of , or onset of action; or 2) is itself ically inactive but is converted in vivo to a biologically active compound. Examples of biohydrolyzable amides include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl amides, a-amino acid amides, alkoxyacyl amides, and alkylaminoalkylcarbonyl amides. Examples of biohydrolyzable esters include, but are not limited to, lower alkyl esters, acyloxy esters, alkyl acylamino alkyl esters, and choline esters. Examples of biohydrolyzable carbamates include, but are not limited to, lower alkylamines, substituted ethylenediamines, amino acids, hydroxyalkylamines, heterocyclic and heteroaromatic amines, and polyether amines. ularly favored gs and prodrug salts are those that increase the bioavailability of the compounds of this invention when such compounds are administered to a mammal.
The phrase "pharmaceutically able salt" as used herein, refers to pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic salts of a compound of the ion.
Exemplary salts include, but are not limited, to sulfate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, otinate, lactate, salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, e, henate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate "mesylate," ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, pamoate (i.e., l,l'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxynaphthoate)) salts, alkali metal (e.g., sodium and potassium) salts, alkaline earth metal (e.g., magnesium) salts, and ammonium salts. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt may involve the inclusion of another le such as an e ion, a succinate ion or other counter ion. The counter ion may be any organic or inorganic moiety that stabilizes the charge on the parent compound. Furthermore, a pharmaceutically able salt may have more than one charged atom in its structure. Instances where multiple charged atoms are part of the pharmaceutically able salt can have multiple counter ions. Hence, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can have one or more charged atoms and/or one or more counter ion.
If the compound of the invention is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p- esulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
If the compound of the invention is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal ide, or the like. rative examples of suitable salts include, but are not limited to, organic salts derived from amino acids, such as glycine and arginine, ammonia, primary, ary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as piperidine, morpholine and piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
As used herein, the term "solvate" means a compound which further includes a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of solvent such as water, panol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and lamine dichloromethane, 2-propanol, or the like, bound by non-covalent intermolecular forces.
Solvates or hydrates of the compounds are readily prepared by addition of at least one molar equivalent of a ylic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2- propanol or water to the nd to result in solvation or hydration of the imine moiety.
A "metabolite" is a product produced through metabolism in the body of a ied compound, a derivative thereof, or a ate f, or salt thereof.
Metabolites of a compound, a derivative f, or a conjugate thereof, may be identified using routine techniques known in the art and their ties determined using tests such as those described herein. Such products may result for example from the oxidation, hydroxylation, reduction, hydrolysis, ion, deamidation, esterification, deesterification, enzymatic cleavage, and the like, of the administered compound.
Accordingly, the invention includes metabolites of compounds, a derivative f, or a conjugate thereof, of the invention, including compounds, a derivative thereof, or a conjugate thereof, produced by a process comprising contacting a compound, a derivative thereof, or a conjugate f, of this invention with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic t thereof.
The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" indicates that the substance or composition must be compatible chemically and/or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a ation, and/or the mammal being treated therewith.
The term "protecting group" or "protecting moiety" refers to a substituent that is commonly employed to block or protect a particular functionality while reacting other functional groups on the compound, a derivative thereof, or a conjugate thereof. For example, an "amine-protecting group" or an "amino-protecting moiety" is a substituent attached to an amino group that blocks or protects the amino onality in the compound. Such groups are well known in the art (see for example P . Wuts and T .
Greene, 2007, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Chapter 7 , J . Wiley & Sons, NJ) and exemplified by carbamates such as methyl and ethyl carbamate, FMOC, substituted ethyl carbamates, carbamates cleaved by l,6 -P-elimination (also termed "self immolative"), ureas, , peptides, alkyl and aryl derivatives. Suitable aminoprotecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ) and 9-fluorenylmethylenoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). For a general description of protecting groups and their use, see P . G.M. Wuts & T . W . Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2007.
The term "leaving group" refers to an group of charged or uncharged moiety that departs during a substitution or displacement. Such g groups are well known in the art and include, but not d to, halogens, esters, , hydroxyl, tosylates, triflates, mesylates, nitriles, azide, ate, disulfides, thioesters, hers and diazonium compounds.
The term "bifunctional crosslinking agent," "bifunctional linker" or "crosslinking agents" refers to modifying agents that s two reactive groups connected to a "linking ; one of which is capable of reacting with a cell binding agent while the other one reacts with the cytotoxic compound to link the two moieties together. Such bifunctional crosslinkers are well known in the art (see, for example, Isalm and Dent in jugation chapter 5, p218-363, Groves Dictionaries Inc. New York, 1999). For example, bifunctional crosslinking agents that enable linkage via a thioether bond include inimidyl(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-l- carboxylate (SMCC) to introduce ido groups, or with N-succinimidyl (iodoacetyl)-aminobenzoate (SIAB) to introduce iodoacetyl groups. Other bifunctional crosslinking agents that introduce maleimido groups or haloacetyl groups on to a cell binding agent are well known in the art (see US Patent Applications 050310, 20050169933, available from Pierce Biotechnology Inc., P.O. Box 117, Rockland, IL 6 1105, USA) and include, but not limited to, bis-maleimidopolyethyleneglycol (BMPEO), BM(PEO) 2, BM(PEO) 3, N-(p-maleimidopropyloxy)succinimide ester (BMPS), g-maleimidobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester , e-maleimidocaproic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (EMCS), 5-maleimidovaleric acid NHS, HBVS, N- succinimidyl(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-l-carboxy-(6-amidocaproate), which is a "long chain" analog of SMCC CC), m-maleimidobenzoyl-N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS), 4-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)-butyric acid hydrazide or HC1 salt (MPBH), N-succinimidyl 3-(bromoacetamido)propionate (SBAP), N- succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA), K-maleimidoundecanoic acid N-succinimidyl ester (KMUA), N-succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)-butyrate (SMPB), succinimidyl(P- maleimidopropionamido)hexanoate (SMPH), succinimidyl-(4-vinylsulfonyl)benzoate (SVSB), dithiobis-maleimidoethane (DTME), 1,4-bis-maleimidobutane (BMB), 1,4 bismaleimidyl-2,3-dihydroxybutane (BMDB), bis-maleimidohexane (BMH), bismaleimidoethane (BMOE), sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimido-methyl)cyclohexane-lcarboxylate (sulfo-SMCC), uccinimidyl(4-iodo-acetyl)aminobenzoate (sulfo- SIAB), m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester (sulfo-MBS), N-(g- maleimidobutryloxy)sulfosuccinimde ester (sulfo-GMBS), N-(e- idocaproyloxy)sulfosuccimido ester (sulfo-EMCS), N-(k- maleimidoundecanoyloxy)sulfosuccinimide ester -KMUS), and sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate (sulfo-SMPB).
Heterobifunctional inking agents are tional crosslinking agents having two different reactive groups. Heterobifunctional crosslinking agents containing both an amine-reactive N -hydroxysuccinimide group (NHS group) and a carbonylreactive hydrazine group can also be used to link the cytotoxic compounds described herein with a inding agent (e.g., antibody). Examples of such commercially available bifunctional crosslinking agents include succinimidyl 6- hydrazinonicotinamide acetone hydrazone (SANH), succinimidyl 4- hydrazidoterephthalate hydrochloride (SHTH) and succinimidyl hydrazinium nicotinate hloride (SHNH). Conjugates bearing an abile linkage can also be prepared using a hydrazine-bearing benzodiazepine derivative of the present invention. Examples of bifunctional crosslinking agents that can be used include succinimidyl-p-formyl benzoate (SFB) and imidyl-p-formylphenoxyacetate (SFPA).
Bifunctional crosslinking agents that enable the linkage of cell g agent with cytotoxic nds via disulfide bonds include N-succinimidyl(4-nitropyridyl- 2-dithio)butanoate, and other agents known in the art that include N-succinimidyl(2- pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP), N-succinimidyl(2-pyridyldithio)pentanoate (SPP), N-succinimidyl(2-pyridyldithio)butanoate , N-succinimidyl(2- pyridyldithio)2-sulfo ate (sulfo-SPDB) to introduce dithiopyridyl groups. Other bifunctional crosslinking agents that can be used to introduce disulfide groups are known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Patents 6,913,748, 6,716,821 and US Patent Publications 20090274713 and 20100129314, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, crosslinking agents such as 2-iminothiolane, homocysteine thiolactone or S-acetylsuccinic anhydride that introduce thiol groups can also be used.
A "linker," "linker moiety," or "linking group" as defined herein refers to a moiety that connects two moieties, such as a cell binding agent and a cytotoxic compound, er. A tional inking agent may comprise two reactive groups, one at each ends of a linker moiety, such that one reactive group can be first reacted with the cytotoxic compound to provide a compound bearing the linker moiety and a second reactive group, which can then react with a cell binding agent.
Alternatively, one end of the bifunctional crosslinking agent can be first d with the cell binding agent to provide a cell binding agent bearing a the linker moiety and a second ve group, which can then react with a cytotoxic compound. The g moiety may contain a chemical bond that allows for the release of the cytotoxic moiety at a particular site. Suitable chemical bonds are well known in the art and include disulfide bonds, thioether bonds, acid labile bonds, photolabile bonds, peptidase labile bonds and esterase labile bonds (see for example US Patents 5,208,020; 5,475,092; 6,441,163; 6,716,821; 6,913,748; 7,276,497; 7,276,499; 7,368,565; 7,388,026 and 7,414,073). Preferred are disulfide bonds, thioether and peptidase labile bonds. Other s that can be used in the present invention include non-cleavable linkers, such as those described in are described in detail in U.S. ation number 20050169933, or charged linkers or hydrophilic linkers and are described in US 2009/0274713, US 2010/01293140 and , each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference, each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
In one embodiment, the linking group with a reactive group attached at one end, such as a reactive ester, is selected from the following "List 1": -O(CR20R2l)m(CR22R23)n(OCH2CH2)p (CR40R4l) p"Y" (CR 24R25)q(CO) tX '', -0(CR 2oR2i)m(alkynyl) (CR22R23)n(OCH 2CH2) p(CR4oR4i)p"Y' '(CR 24R25) (CO) tX '', -0(CR 2oR 2i)m(piperazino) t CR 22R 23)n(OCH 2CH 2)p(CR 4oR4i)p"Y"(CR 24R 25) (CO)tX , -O(CR 20R2l )m(pyrrolo) t CR 22R 23)n(OCH 2CH 2)p(CR 40R4 l )p"Y"(CR 24R 25)q(CO) tX", -O(CR20R2l)mA"m"(CR22R23)n(OCH (CR40R4l)p"Y' '(CR 24R25)q(CO) tX '', -S(CR2oR2l)m(CR22R23)n(OCH2CH2)p(CR4oR4l)p"Y"(CR24R25) q(CO) tX '', -S(CR 20R 2l )m(alkynyl) CR 22R CH 2CH 2)p(CR 40R4 l )p"Y"(CR 24R 25)q(CO) tX", -S(CR2oR2i)m(piperazino) t<CR22R23)n(OCH 2CH2)p(CR4oR4i)p"Y' '(CR 24R25)q(CO) tX '', -S(CR 20R 2l )m(P r lo)t CR 22R 23)n(OCH 2CH 2)p(CR 40R4 l )p"Y"(CR 24R 25) (CO)tX", -S(CR2oR2l)mA" m"(CR22R23)n(OCH2CH2)p(CR4oR4l)p"Y"(CR24R25) q(CO) tX '', -NR 33(C=O) p"(CR 20R 2 l )m(CR 22R 23)n(OCH 2C H 2)p(CR 40R4 l )p"Y"(CR 24R 25)q(CO) tX", -NR33(C=O)p<CR20R2l)m(CR26^R27)m<CR22R23)n(OOT2CH2)p(CR40^ -NR33 (C=0) 2i)m(piperazino)t<CR22R23)n(OCH2CH2) (CR4oR4i)p^ -NR33 (C=O)p CR20R2l rolo)t CR22R23)n(OCH2CH2)p(CR 4 R4l )p'Y ' 5)q (CO)tX'', -NR33 (C=O)p CR20R2l )mA''m CR22R23)n(OCH (CR 49R4l )p"Y''(CR 24R25)q(CO)tX'', -(CR2oR2l)m(CR22R23)n(OCH2CH 2)p(CR4oR4l) p"Y"(CR24R25) q(CO)tX' ', -(CR 20R 2l )m(alkynyl) CR 22R 23)n(OCH 2CH 2)p(CR 40R4 l )p"Y"(CR 24R 25)q(CO) tX", -(CR2oR 2 i)m (piperazino) t.(CR22R23)n (OCH 2CH2) p (CR4 0R4i)p"Y' '(CR 24 R25)q(CO) tX '', -(CR20R2l)mA" m"(CR22R23)n (OCH (CR40R4l)p"Y' '(CR 24R25 )q(CO) tX '', -(CR20R2l)m(CR29 =N-NR30)„"(CR22R23)n(OCH2CH2) (CR40R4l)p"Y' '(CR 24R25 ) (CO) tX '', -(CR20R2l)m(CR29 =N-NR30)„"(CR26=CR27)m <CR22R23)n (OCH 2CH2) (CR40R4l)p"Y" (CR24R25) (CO) tX", -(CR R2i R 29=N-NR3o) " <C R C 2 rf 2 2 3 2CH^ wherein: m, n, p , q, m', n', t' are integer from 1 to 10, or are optionally 0; t, m", n" and p" are 0 or 1; X" is selected from OR SR NR R wherein R R R38, R39 are H, or 36, 3 7 6 37 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and, or, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH2)n, R37, optionally, is a thiol protecting group when t = 1, COX" forms a reactive ester selected from N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, N-hydroxy sulfo-succinimide esters, paranitrophenyl esters, ophenyl esters, pentafluorophenyl esters and their derivatives, wherein said derivatives facilitate amide bond formation; Y" is absent or is selected from O, S, S-S or NR , wherein R has the same 32 32 definition as given above for R, or when Y" is not S-S and t = 0, X" is selected from a maleimido group, a haloacetyl group or SR , wherein R has the same definition as above; 37 37 A" is an amino acid selected from glycine, alanine, leucine, valine, lysine, citrulline and glutamate or a polypeptide containing between 2 to 20 amino acid units; R2o R2i, R R R24 R25 R26 and R are the same or different and are H or a 22 23 27 linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R29 and R3o are the same or different and are H or alkyl from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R is H or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH2)n, or R is -COR , -CSR - 33 34 34 SOR , or -S0 2R , wherein R is H or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or 34 34 34 alkynyl having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH 2CH2) ; one of R4o and R is optionally a vely or vely charged functional group and the other is H or alkyl, l, alkynyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
The term "amino acid" refers to lly occurring amino acids or non- naturally occurring amino acid represented by NH2-C(R R )OH, wherein R and R are each independently H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heteroaryl or cyclyl.
The term "amino acid" also refers to the corresponding residue when one hydrogen atom is removed from the amine and/or carboxy end of the amino acid, such as -NH- R R -C C O-.
The term "cation" refers to an ion with positive . The cation can be monovalent (e.g., Na+, K+, etc.), bi-valent (e.g., Ca2+, Mg2+, etc.) or multi-valent (e.g., Al etc.). Preferably, the cation is monovalent.
The term "therapeutically effective amount" means that amount of active compound or conjugate that elicits the d biological response in a subject. Such response includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder being treated, prevention, inhibition or a delay in the recurrence of symptom of the disease or of the disease itself, an se in the longevity of the subject compared with the absence of the treatment, or prevention, tion or delay in the progression of symptom of the e or of the disease itself. Determination of the effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein. Toxicity and eutic efficacy of compound I can be ined by standard pharmaceutical ures in cell cultures and in experimental animals. The effective amount of nd or conjugate of the present invention or other eutic agent to be administered to a subject will depend on the stage, category and status of the le myeloma and characteristics of the subject, such as general health, age, sex, body weight and drug tolerance. The effective amount of compound or conjugate of the present invention or other therapeutic agent to be administered will also depend on administration route and dosage form. Dosage amount and interval can be adjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the active compound that are sufficient to maintain desired therapeutic effects.
The term "thiol ve group" refers to a functional group that will react with a thiol moiety. Examples of thiol reactive group includes, but is not limited to, maleimido, yridine, vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfonamide, a haloacetyl-based group (e.g., haloacetamido) or a disulfide (e.g., -SSRd, wherein Rd is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, nitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl, carboxynitrophenyl, pyridyl, 2-nitropyridyl, 4-nitropyridyl, or 3-carboxynitropyridyl).
The term "reactive ester" refers to an ester contains a leaving group that is readily displaced by an amine group or a hydroxyl group. Examples of reactive ester includes, but is not limited to, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, N-hydroxy sulfosuccinimide ester, nitrophenyl ester, dinitrophenyl ester, tetrafluorophenyl ester, sulfo- tetraflurophenyl ester, and pentafluorophenyl ester. Preferably, the reactive ester is N- hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester.
The term "an imine-containing drug" or "an imine-containing cytotoxic compound "refers to a compound bed herein (without a linker group) that has at least one imine functional group. Preferably, the imine-containing drug contains one imine functional group.
Methods of the Present Invention In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for ing a ate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a cytotoxic compound with a modified CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: a) the modified CBA comprises a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the CBA, and the residue ses the linking group and a thiol-reactive group; and b) the cytotoxic compound comprises a thiol group, and a group represented wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HS0 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (P O PS OR ), P S-, P SO, P SC , S0 , lfate (HS2C"3 or a salt of S2C"3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture thereof, wherein R1is a linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be r optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or aryl.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound is produced by reacting an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the thiol group with an imine ve reagent.
In certain embodiments, the method may further comprises purifying the cytotoxic compound prior to reacting with the modified CBA.
In certain embodiments, (1) the imine-containing xic compound is represented by one of the follo ing formulae, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: the cytotoxic compound is represented by one of the ing formulae, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: the cytotoxic compound and the linking group portion of the ate re resented by one of the following formulae: (lib ) wherein: X' is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit H20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more atoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently selected from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered aryl ring ning one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3 to 18- membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R R2, R3, 1 R4, Ri', R2', R3' and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit CH2) -R , halogen, inium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -NO2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a e represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 3 M+, a sulfate -OS0 3 M+, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', - OCONR'R"; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, , and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring ning 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R'' are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an ally tuted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, or halogen; Z and Z' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) --CR R8- (CH2 -, -(CH2V-NR 9-(CH2) , -(CH ) (CH ) and -(CH ) -S-(CH ) ; a a a n' and na' are the same or ent, and are ed from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R5)-, R 5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group ting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) - L is absent, or when present, comprises the thiol group, or is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted; wherein at least one of X', Y', R6, R , R R2, R3, R4, Ri', R2', R ', R4', L (e.g., through an optionally substituted group), is bonded to the linking group in formulas (lb') or (lib').
In certain embodiments, the modified CBA is prepared by reacting the CBA with the tional crosslinking agent, said bifunctional crosslinking agent sing the reactive group and a group reactive with the CBA, both bonded to the linking group.
In certain embodiments, the group reactive with the CBA reacts with an amino group of the CBA (such as the amino group of a Lys sidechain), or with a thiol group of the CBA (such as the thiol group of a Cys sidechain).
In n embodiments, the reactive group is selected from the group consisting of maleimido, vinylpyridine, vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfonamide, a haloacetylbased group and a disulfide group. alternatively, the reactive group may be maleimido, haloacetamido or - SSRd, wherein Rd is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, nitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl, carboxynitrophenyl, pyridyl, 2-nitropyridyl, 4-nitropyridyl, or 3-carboxynitropyridyl.
In certain embodiments, the modified CBA is: An exemplary reaction scheme is shown in in which in "step one," an imine reactive reagent (shown in the reaction scheme as a nucleophile (Nuc:)) is added to the drug containing a thiol and allowed to react and form a modified drug bearing the thiol group. The modified drug is ally purified to remove excess imine reactive reagent. In "step two," the antibody is modified with a linker containing a thiol reactive group X (maleimide, SSPy, vinyl sulfone, etc), and reacted with the modified drug bearing the thiol group at pH 6-9 to generate a stable disulfide or thioether bond between the drug and the antibody. In "step three," the side products (such as excess imine ve reagent, the ed drug that does not react with the antibody, etc.) are removed and the conjugate is formulated. The number of the drug molecules conjugated to the antibody is equal to n, which can be from, for example, 1-10.
A representative example of a two-step conjugation method is described in , n an antibody is first modified with a bifunctional crosslinking agent resulting in an antibody that possesses a desired number of linkers suitable for reaction with a dimer compound having a free thiol moiety. In this example the antibody huMy9-6 was first modified with SPDB to give an antibody with linkers ning the pyridyl moiety. The modified antibody was then exposed to a free thiol, such as 2a, generating the desired ate huMy9SPDB -2a. Additional suitable thiol reactive s that may be used in similar reactions are included in .
The imine reactive reagent can be mixed with the drug bearing a thiol group in organic solvent (e.g., dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, methylene chloride, chloroform, e, or a mixture thereof) or a mixture of water (e.g., deionized water) and one or more organic solvents.
When only organic solvent is used, the imine reactive reagent can be mixed with the drug at room temperature for 30 min or longer (for example, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 24 hours or until the reaction is complete). Preferrably, the incubation / on time is about 0-4 hrs, or 1-3 hrs. The resulting mixture can be used immediately to react with the cellbinding agent (e.g., antibody) modified with a thiol-reactive group buffered at pH about 4 to about 9, preferably about 6 to about 9 . Alternatively, the mixture can be frozen and stored, for example, at -20°C or -80°C, and used later while maintaining its reactivity with the cell-binding agent (e.g., antibody). If a mixture of water and organic solvent(s) is used as a miscible vent system (e.g., water and dimethylacetamide), the on mixture of drug and imine reactive reagent is used ately or kept frozen until use after mixing to react with the cell-binding agent g a thiol-reactive group. If a mixture of water and organic solvent(s) is used as a non-miscible co-solvent system (e.g., water and methylene de), the drug and the imine reactive reagent are mixed for 10 min or longer (for example, about 30 mins, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 24 hours or until the reaction is complete), and the aqueous layer is ted, quantified for the drug and reactive thiol (e.g., by UV spectroscopy and Ellman's assay with DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)) reagent) and added to the cell-binding agent (e.g., antibody) bearing a thiol-reactive group buffered at pH of about 4 to about 9, preferably about 6 to about 9 .
In a second , the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting the CBA with an imine-containing cytotoxic compound, an imine reactive reagent, and a bifunctional inking agent comprising the linking group to form the conjugate. [ 112] In certain embodiments, the cell-binding agent (e.g., antibody) is contacted with a drug (e.g., the imine-containing cytotoxic compound) and an imine reactive reagent to form a first mixture; and the first mixture is then contacted with a bifunctional crosslinking agent to form the cell-binding agent-drug conjugate. Preferably, the bifuctional crosslinking agent is contacted with the first mixture ately after the formation of the first mixture. Alternatively, the first mixture was held for a time interval (e.g., about 1-10 mins, about 10-30 mins, about 30 mins to 1 hr, about 1 to 5 hrs, about 5 to 24 hrs, or about 1 to 2 days) before it is contacted with a bifunctional crosslinking agent.
In certain embodiments, the method may further comprises purifying the conjugate.
An exemplary reaction scheme is shown in , in which in "step 1," an imine reactive reagent (shown in the reaction scheme as a nucleophile (Nuc:)) is added to the CBA (e.g., an antibody), a drug containing a thiol, a bifunctional crosslinking agent containing both a thiol reactive group X mide, SSPy, vinyl sulfone, etc) and a reactive ester group, and allow the reaction to proceed at pH 6-9 to te a stable drug-antibody conjugate. In "step two," the side products (such as excess imine reactive reagent, the modified drug that does not react with the antibody, etc.) are removed and the conjugate is formulated. The number of the drug molecules conjugated to the antibody is equal to n, which can be from, for example, 1-10.
In a third , the present invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic nd with a linking group, the method comprising: a) reacting a cytotoxic compound with a tional inking agent sing the linking group, a group reactive with the CBA (such as a thiol group, a maleimide group, a haloacetamide group, or an amine group), and a group reactive with the cytotoxic nd, to form a modified cytotoxic compound covalently bonded to a residue of the bifunctional crosslinking agent, wherein the residue comprises the linking group and the group reactive with the CBA; n the cytotoxic nd is represented by one of the following as, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HSO 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), sulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a ), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of PO3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (P O PS OR ), P S-, P SO, P SC , S0 , thiosulfate (HS20 3 or a salt of S2C "3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture thereof, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; X' is selected from -H, an protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to bered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently ed from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, an ally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an ally substituted 3 to 18- ed heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R R2, R3, 1 R4, Ri', R2', R3' and R4' are each independently ed from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium =NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 3 M+, a sulfate -OS0 3 M+, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', - OCONR'R"; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and , or an ally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R'' are each ndently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, or, halogen; Z and Z ' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) -CR7R - (CH2) , -(CH ) NR9-(CH ) , -(CH ) (CH ) a a a - and -(CH ) -S-(CH ) ; n' and na' are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 9 is ndently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R 5)-, R 5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a e bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -; L is absent, or when present, ses the thiol group, or is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, a linear, ed or cyclic alkyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted; and, b) reacting the modified cytotoxic nd with the CBA through the group reactive with the CBA, at a pH of about 4 to about 9, to form the ate.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound is produced by reacting an imine-containing cytotoxic compound bearing the thiol group of the following formulas with an imine reactive reagent in a on mixture In certain embodiments, the method may r comprises purifying the cytotoxic compound prior to step a).
In certain embodiments, the method may further comprises purifying the modified cytotoxic compound prior to step b).
In certain embodiments, the reaction mixture is stored frozen before the frozen mixture is thawed and step a) is carried out.
In certain embodiments, the method may further comprises storing the reaction mixture of step a) frozen before thawing and before step b) is carried out.
In certain embodiments, the bifunctional crosslinking agent is bismaleimidohexane or BMPEO.
An exemplary reaction scheme is shown in , in which in "step 1," an imine reactive reagent (shown in the on scheme as a nucleophile (Nuc:)) is added to a xic compound containing a thiol. The resulting cytotoxic compound is optionally purified, before the cytotoxic compound is reacted in "step two" with a bifunctional crosslinking agent (such as a bismaleimidohexane or BMPEO) to produce a second modified drug g a thiol-reacting group. Then in "step three," a ontaining CBA (such as antibody) is added, and the reaction is allowed to proceed (at pH 6-9) to generate a stable drug-antibody conjugate. In "step four," the side ts (such as excess imine reactive reagent, the modified drug that does not react with the antibody, etc.) are removed and the conjugate is formulated. The number of the drug molecules conjugated to the antibody is equal to n, which can be from, for example, 1- The imine reactive t can be mixed with the drug bearing a thiol-reactive group in organic solvent (e.g., dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, ethanol, ol, methylene chloride, chloroform, dioxane, or a mixture thereof) or a mixture of water (e.g., zed water) and one or more organic solvents. When only organic solvent is used, the imine reactive reagent can be mixed with the drug at room temperature for 30 min or longer (for example, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 24 hours or until the reaction is complete). Preferrably, the incubation / reaction time is about 0-4 hrs, or 1-3 hrs. The resulting mixture can be used immediately to react with the inding agent (e.g., antibody) modified with a thiol-reactive group buffered at pH about 4 to about 9, preferably about 6 to about 9 . Alternatively, the mixture can be frozen and stored, for example, at -20°C or -80°C, and used later while maintaining its reactivity with the cell-binding agent (e.g., antibody). If a mixture of water and organic solvent(s) is used as a miscible co-solvent system (e.g., water and dimethylacetamide), the reaction mixture of the drug and the imine reactive t is used immediately after mixing or kept frozen until use to react with the cell-binding agent bearing a thiol-reactive group. If a mixture of water and organic solvent(s) is used as a non-miscible co-solvent system (e.g., water and methylene chloride), the drug and the imine reactive reagent are mixed for 10 min or longer (for example, about 30 mins, about 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 24 hours or until the reaction is complete), and the s layer is collected, quantified for the drug (e.g., by UV oscopy) and added to the cell-binding agent (e.g., antibody) bearing a thiol group buffered at pH of about 4 to about 9, preferably about 6 to about 9 .
In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a conjugate sing a cell-binding agent (CBA) ated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a ed cytotoxic compound with the CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein the modified xic compound comprises: a) a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the cytotoxic compound, and the residue comprises the linking group and a reactive group selected from a reactive ester and a thiol-reactive group, and, b) a group ented by: wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HS0 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO3 , S0 32- or HSO 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H 2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, PO2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of PO3S 3 , P0 3 , POS 3 2S2 3 or PS4 formed with a ), thio phosphate ester (R O)2PS(OR ), R S-, R SO, R S0 2, S0 , thiosulfate (HS 2O3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS 20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH 2SO2 or a salt of HOCH formed with a cation, such as HOCH +) or a mixture 2SO2 2SO2 Na thereof, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one tuent selected from -N(R )2, -CO 2H , -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
In n embodiments, the modified xic compound is produced by reacting an imine reactive reagent with an imine-containing xic compound bearing the linking group and the reactive group.
In certain embodiments, the method may r ses purifying the ed cytotoxic compound prior to reacting with the CBA.
In certain embodiments, the reactive ester may be selected from the group ting of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, N-hydroxy sulfosuccinimide ester, nitrophenyl ester, dinitrophenyl ester, tetrafluorophenyl ester, sulfo-tetraflurophenyl ester, and pentafluorophenyl ester. Preferably, the ve ester is N- hydroxysuccinimide ester.
In certain embodiments, the thiol-reactive group may be selected from the group consisting of maleimido, vinylpyridine, vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfonamide, a haloacetylbased group and a disulfide group.
In certain ments, the thiol-reactive group may be maleimido, haloacetamido or -SSRd, wherein Rd is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, nitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl, carboxynitrophenyl, pyridyl, 2-nitropyridyl, 4-nitropyridyl, or 3-carboxynitropyridyl.
An exemplary reaction scheme is shown in in which in "step one," an imine reactive reagent (shown in the reaction scheme as a nucleophile ) is added to the drug ning an reactive ester (lc) and allowed to react to form a ed drug. The modified drug can be optionally purified to remove excess imine reactive reagent. In "step two," the modified drug with a reactive ester is reacted with an antibody buffered at pH 6-9. In "step three," the side products (such as excess imine ve reagent, modified drug that does not react with the antibody, etc.) are d, and the conjugate is formulated. The number of the drug molecules conjugated to the antibody is equal to n, which can be from, for example, 1 to 10.
Another reaction scheme depicting an exemplary method of the present invention is shown in . In "step one," an imine reactive regent is added to the drug containing a thiol-reactive group (where R is maleimide group, SSPy, etc.) and allowed to react and form a modified drug. The modified drug is optionally purified to remove excess imine reactive reagent. In "step two," the modified drug is reacted with an antibody containing a reactive thiol to form an antibody-drug conjugate having antibody ntly linked to the drug through a stable ide or thioether bond. Antibodies with reactive thiol group can be generated by methods described herein, for example, by reducing interchain disulfides, genetically ng cysteine, or modifying antibody with linkers containing thiols or chemically masked thiols. In "step three," the drug which does not react with the antibody is d and the ate is formulated. The number of the drug molecules conjugated to the antibody is equal to n, which can be from, for example, 1-10.
The imine reactive reagent can be mixed with the drug bearing an activated ester {e.g., N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, pentafluorophenol ester, sulfo N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester) in an organic solvent {e.g., dimethyl acetamide, ethanol, ene chloride, chloroform, dioxane, or a mixture thereof) or a mixture of water {e.g., deionized water) and one or more organic solvents. When only organic solvent is used, the imine reactive reagent can be mixed with the drug at a temperature of 0 to 100 °C, preferably at a temperature of 0 to 30 °C, more ably at room temperature for 5 min or longer (for example, about 30 min, 1 hour, about 2 hours, about 3 hours, about 4 hours, about 5 hours, about 10 hours, about 24 hours or until the reaction is complete). Preferrably, the tion / reaction time is about 0-4 hrs, or 1-3 hrs. The resulting reaction mixture can be used immediately to react with the cell-binding agent {e.g., antibody) buffered in pH of about 4 to about 9, preferably about 6 to about 9 . atively, the reaction mixture can be frozen and stored, for example, at about -20°C or -80°C and used later while maintaining its reactivity with the antibody. Preferrably, no purification of intermediate products is required. When a mixture of water and organic solvent is used as a le co-solvent system (e.g., water and dimethylacetamide), the drug and imine on mixture is used immediately after mixing, or kept frozen until use, to react with the cell-binding agent (e.g., dy).
When a mixture of water and organic solvent is used as a non-miscible co-solvent system (e.g., water and methylene chloride), the drug and the imine reactive reagent are mixed for 10 min or longer, and the aqueous layer is collected, quantified for the drug and added to the cell-binding agent (e.g., antibody) buffered at pH about 4 to about 9, preferably about 6 to about 9 .
In any of the above aspects, a suitable amount of the imine reactive reagent can be used. For example, about 0.1 to about 30 molar equivalents of the imine reactive reagent to the drug can be used. Preferably, about 1 to about 10 molar equivalents, more preferably, about 1 to about 5 molar lents, and even more preferably about 3 to about 5 molar lents of the imine reactive reagent can be used.
Using this general procedure, in any of the above aspects, any of the following imine ve reagent can be used: sulfites (H2SO3, H2SO2 or a salt of HSO3 , SO32- or HSO2 formed with a ), metabisulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O52- formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- thiophosphates (PO3SH3, PO2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of PO3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS4 formed with a cation), thio phosphate esters ((R O)2PS(OR ), R SH, R^OH, R^C^H, R^OsH), s amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g., NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g., NH2NH2), NH20-R\ R^NH-R , NH2-R'), NH2-CO-NH2, NH2- C(=S)-NH2, thiosulfate 3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), nite (H2S20 4 or a salt of S20 4 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=0)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), hydrazide (RkCONHNH2), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2SO2H or a salt of HOCH2SO2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2SO2 Na+), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP-mannose), fludarabine or a mixture thereof, wherein R1and R1 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one tuent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H ; R and R can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, cyclyl or heteroaryl (preferably, Rk is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; more preferably, Rk is methyl, ethyl or propyl). Preferably, the cation is a monovalent , such as Na+ or K+.
Preferably, the imine reactive reagent is selected from sulfites (e.g., NaHS0 3 or KHS0 3), hydroxylamine, hydrazine and urea. More preferably, the imine reactive reagent is NaHS0 3 or KHS0 3.
In one embodiment, the ed drugs described in any of the above aspects are purified before reacting with a cell-binding agent. Any suitable methods known in the art can be used for purifying the modified drug. For example, the modified drug can be purified by column chromatography (e.g., silica gel tography) or HPLC.
In another embodiment, the inding agent-drug conjugate prepared according to any of the s above is purified by tangential flow filtration, adsorptive chromatography, tive filtration, selective precipitation, non-absorptive filtration or combination thereof. Preferably, tangential flow filtration (TFF, also known as cross flow filtration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration) and/or adsorptive chromatography resins are used for the purification of the conjugates.
Any suitable TFF systems may be utilized, including a Pellicon type system pore, Billerica, Mass.), a Sartocon Cassette system (Sartorius AG, Edgewood, N.Y.), and a Centrasette type system (Pall Corp., East Hills, N.Y.).
Any suitable tive tography resin may be utilized. Preferred adsorptive chromatography resins include resins for hydroxyapatite chromatography, hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (HCIC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), ion exchange chromatography, mixed mode ion exchange tography, immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), dye ligand chromatography, affinity chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable hydroxyapatite resins include ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT Type I and Type II, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.), HA Ultrogel hydroxyapatite (Pall Corp., East Hills, N.Y.), and ceramic fluoroapatite (CFT Type I and Type II, d Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.). An example of a suitable HCIC resin is MEP Hypercel resin (Pall Corp., East Hills, N.Y.). es of suitable HIC resins include Butyl-Sepharose, Hexyl-Sepaharose, Phenyl-Sepharose, and Octyl Sepharose resins (all from GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.), as well as Macro-prep Methyl and Macro-Prep t-Butyl resins d Laboratories, Hercules, ).
Examples of le ion exchange resins include SP-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, and QSepharose resins (all from GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.), and Unosphere S resin (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.). Examples of suitable mixed mode ion exchangers include Bakerbond ABx resin (JT Baker, Phillipsburg N.J.). Examples of suitable IMAC resins e ing Sepharose resin (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.) and Profinity IMAC resin (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.). Examples of suitable dye ligand resins include Blue Sepharose resin (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.) and Affi-gel Blue resin (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif.). Examples of suitable affinity resins include Protein A Sepharose resin (e.g., MabSelect, GE Healthcare, away, N.J.), where the cell binding agent is an antibody, and lectin affinity resins, e.g. Lentil Lectin Sepharose resin (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.), where the cell binding agent bears appropriate lectin binding sites. Alternatively an antibody specific to the cell binding agent may be used. Such an antibody can be immobilized to, for instance, Sepharose 4 Fast Flow resin (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, N.J.). Examples of suitable reversed phase resins include C4, C8, and C18 resins (Grace Vydac, Hesperia, Calif.).
Any suitable non-absorptive chromatography resins can be used in the s of the present invention. Examples of suitable chromatography resins include, but are not d to, SEPHADEX™ G-25, G-50, G-100, SEPHACRYL™ resins (e.g., S-200 and S-300), SUPERDEX™ resins (e.g., SUPERDEX™ 75 and SUPERDEX™ 200), BIO-GEL® resins (e.g., P-6, P-10, P-30, P-60, and , and others known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Drugs Bearing a Linking Moiety Drugs that can be used in the present methods include compounds described in US2010/0316656, US 2010/003641, US2010/0203007, all of which are orated herein by reference.
In certain other embodiments, cytotoxic compounds that can be conjugated with cell-binding agents via a linking group do not comprise the linking group. d, a tional cross-linking reagent (comprising the linking group) may be required to conjugate the linkerless cytotoxic compound with the CBA through the linker group.
Thus in the first ic embodiment, a drug ntly connected to a linking group with a reactive group bonded thereto, which can be used in the methods of the present ion (such as in the 1-step reagent method as described in the fourth aspect of the invention above), or which may be an ediate product of the methods of the invention (such as the method described in the third aspect of the invention), is a cytotoxic compound bearing a reactive group, such as a reactive ester or a thiol-reactive group (collectively "the reactive group"), comprising a linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, capable of covalently linking the cytotoxic compound to the CBA, wherein the cytotoxic compound is represented by any one of the following formulas: (Ila) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Upon reacting with the imine reactive t, the cytotoxic compounds may be represented by any one of the follo ing as: wherein: Y is a sulfite (HS0 2 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HS0 3 , S0 3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (P0 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS4 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (P O PS OR ), P S-, R^O, R O , R O , thiosulfate (HS20 3 or a salt of S20 32- formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk )(S)(OH) or a salt f formed with a ), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture thereof, n R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent ed from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -S0 3H, and -P0 3H; R can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; X' is selected from -H, -OH, an amine-protecting group, the g group with the reactive group bonded thereto, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally tuted 3- to bered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an ally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; R R2, R3, , Ri', R2', R3' and R ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 M+, a sulfate -OS0 M+, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', - OCONR'R", and the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally tuted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an ally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms ndently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R'' are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, - NR2, -COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, halogen or the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; Z and Z' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) -CR7R - (CH2W-, -(CH2V-NR 9-(CH2) , -(CH2V-CHCH2W- and -(CH2) -S-(CH 2) ; a a n' and na' are the same or different, and are ed from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or ent, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit CH2) -, an amino acid, a e unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - O-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -NR5 and (R5)-; R 5 for each occurrence is ndently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a e bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n- L is , the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n-, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3 to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl or alkenyl is optionally substituted with the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto; phenyl or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring can be optionally substituted, wherein the substituent can be the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto.
Preferably, L is absent, or is selected from an optionally substituted phenyl group and an optionally substituted pyridyl group, wherein the phenyl and the pyridyl group bears the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, or L is an amine group bearing the g group with the reactive group bonded thereto {i.e., -N(linking group)-), or L is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and bearing the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto.
Several representative compounds of formulas (la') and (Ila') are listed below: In n embodiments, X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to carbon atoms, phenyl, the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, and an amine-protecting group. Preferably, X' is -H, -OH, -Me or the g group with the reactive group bonded thereto. More preferably, X' is -H; Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably, Y' is selected from -H or oxo.
More preferably, Y' is -H; W is C=0; R P 2, 3, P 4 , Rn ΐ ' , R2', R3', and R4' are each ndently selected from -H, -NR'R", -NR'(C=0)R, -OR, -SR, -N0 2 and the linking group with the ve group bonded thereto. Preferably, one of R2, R3, R2', and R3' is the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto and the rest are -H; R, for each ence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or phenyl; R' and R" are the same or different, and are independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or phenyl; R6 is -OR or -SR , wherein R is -H, a linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferably, R6 is -OMe or -SMe. Even more preferably, R6 is -OMe; Z and Z' are -CH2-; A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from , -S-, -NR5 and oxo (C=0). Preferably, A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from -O- and -S-. More preferably, A and A' are ; D and D' are the same or ent, and are independently selected from a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 24, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, or a , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more) substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR, -NR'COR", -SR, and -COR'; Preferably, D and D' are the same or different, and are independently selected from linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More ably, D and D' are linear or ed alkyl g 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Still more preferably, D and D' are the same or different, and are selected from a linear alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; L is absent, or is selected from an optionally substituted phenyl group and an optionally substituted pyridyl group, wherein the phenyl and the l group bears the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, or L is an amine group g the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto (i.e., -N (linking group)-), or L is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and bearing the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto.
In a second specific embodiment, for cytotoxic dimers (la) or (Ila), the variables are as described below: W is C=0; Ri, R2, R2', R4, and R4' are -H; one of R3 or R3' is optionally the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto and the other is -H; R6 is -OMe; Z and Z' are -CH2-; X' is -H; Y' is -H; A and A' are ; and the remainder of the variables are as described in the first specific embodiment.
In a third specific embodiment, the cytotoxic dimers (bonded to the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto) of formula (la') and (Ila') are represented by the following formulas wherein: X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, and an amine-protecting group. Preferably, X' is -H, -OH or -Me. More preferably, X' is -H; Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably, Y' is selected from -H or -Me.
More ably Y' is -H; L', L", and L"' are same or different and are independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hylene glycol unit - (OCH2CH2)n-R , n, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, , -N0 2, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by - S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 +, a sulfate -OS0 +M , a sulfonamide represented 3 M 3 by - S0 , cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', 'R" and the linking group with the ve group bonded thereto, provided only one of L', L" and L'" is the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto. Preferably, L' is the linking group with the ve group bonded thereto. Alternatively, one of L', L", or L'" is the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, while the others are -H. More preferably, L' is the linking group with the ve group bonded thereto, and L'' and L''' are -H; P 6 is -OR or -SR , wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferably, R6 is -OMe or -SMe. Even more preferably, R6 is - OMe; A and A' are selected from -O- and -S-. Preferably, A and A' are ; R is -H, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a PEG group (CH2CH20)n-R ; n is an integer from 1 to 24; and, R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R' and R" are the same or different, and are selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NRR , -COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an ally substituted aryl having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms ed from O, S, N and P, a PEG group -(CH2CH20 ) -R , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 24, preferably n is 2, 4 or 8; and R is -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a PEG group (CH2CH20)n-R ; G is selected from -CH- or -N-; and the remainder of the variables are as described in the first specific embodiment.
In a fourth specific embodiment, for the cytotoxic dimers of formula (IAa') or (IIAa'), L' is represented by the formula: -W'-R -V-R -J, W and V are the same or different, and are each independently absent, or ed from -CR R '-, , C(=0)-, -C(=0), -S-, -SO-, -S0 2-, -CH2-S-, - CH20-, -CH2NR -, (C=0)0-, (C=0)N(R )-, -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, -C(=0)-N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)0-, -N(C(=0)R )C(=0)-, 0)R )-, -(0-CH 2- CH2) -, -SS-, or -C(=0)-, or an amino acid, or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids; R and R are the same or different, and are each independently absent or an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl bearing 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a 3- to 8- ed hetereocyclic ring g 1 to 3 heteroatoms ed from O, N or S; R and R are the same or different, and are selected from -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or - (CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR 101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms; preferably, R101 and R102 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 24; and J comprises the reactive group bonded thereto, and is selected from a maleimide, a haloacetamido, -SH, -SSRd, -CH2SH, -CH(Me)SH, -C(Me)2SH, and -COE, wherein -COE represents a ve ester selected from, but not limited to, N-hydroxysuccinimde ester, oxy sulfosuccinimide ester, nitrophenyl (e.g., 2 or ophenyl) ester, dinitrophenyl (e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenyl) ester, sulfo-tetraflurophenyl (e.g., 4-sulfo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl) ester, and pentafluorophenyl ester, and wherein R l is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and, Rd is selected from phenyl, nitrophenyl (e.g., 2 or 4-nitrophenyl), dinitrophenyl (e.g., 2 or 4-nitrophenyl), carboxynitrophenyl (e.g., 3-carboxy nitrophenyl), pyridyl or yridyl (e.g., 4-nitropyridyl).
Preferably, J is -SH, -SSRd, a maleimide, or a N-hydroxysuccinimide ester.
Preferably, R is -H or -Me; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk; n is an integer from 2 to 8; preferably Rk is -H, -Me or -CH2CH2-NMe2, and the remainder of the les are as described above in the third specific embodiment.
In another preferred embodiment, V is an amino acid or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids. More preferably, V is -citrulline, gly-gly-gly or ala-leu-ala-leu.
In another preferred ment, W is , -N(R )- or -N(R )-C(=0)-; R is -H, a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; V is absent, -(0-CH 2-CH2) -, -C(=0)-NH-, -S-, -NH-C(=0)-; R is absent or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and J is -SH, -SSRd or -COE rably, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester).
The remainder of the variables is as bed in the fourth specific embodiment.
In another preferred embodiment, W is , -N(R )- or -N(R )-C(=0)-; R is H, - Me, or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Me; n is an r from 2 to 6; R is linear or branched alkyl bearing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; V and R are absent; and J is -COE, preferably N- hydroxysuccinimide ester.
In a fifth specific embodiment, L' is represented by the following formula: -W'-[CRi"R -V-[Cy]o-i-[CR3"R4"]b -COE, 2 "]a wherein: Rr', R2 , and R are each independently -H or -Me; R4" is -H, -Me, -S0 +, wherein 3H, or -S0 3 M M+ is a ceutically acceptable cation; a is an rs from 0-2, b is an integer from 0-3; and, Cy is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclic ring bearing an N heteroatom, preferably Cy is In certain embodiments, such as in the fourth or the fifth specific embodiments, W is -N(R )-.
In certain embodiments, such as in the fourth or the fifth specific embodiments, R is -(CH2-CH2-0) Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 2 _6- 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, such as in the fourth or the fifth specific ments, V is -S- or -SS-.
In a sixth specific embodiment, L', such as in the fourth or the fifth specific embodiments, is represented by the following formula: - NR -[CRi"R 2"] -S-[CR3"R4"]b-COE.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound bonded to the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto, as in the 4th, 5th, and 6th specific embodiments, is: wherein Y is -SO3M, and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In a seventh specific embodiment, L', such as in the , fifth, or sixth specific embodiment, is represented by the following formula: - NRe-[CRi"R 2"]a-S-Cy-[CR3 "R4 "]b-COE.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound bonded to the linking group with the reactive group attached o, as in the 4th, 5th, and 7th specific embodiment, wherein Y is -SO3M, and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In an eighth specific embodiment, the cytotoxic compounds of a (la) and (Ila) are represented by the following formulas: W is absent, or selected from , -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, - N(C(=0)R )-, -S- or -CH 2-S-, -CH2NR -; R is absent or selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5 or 6-membered en containing heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably, R101 and R102 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Zs is -H, -SRm; Rm is Rd or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms bearing a reactive ester, selected from N- ysuccinimide esters, N-hydroxyphtalimide esters, N-hydroxy sulfo- succinimide esters, para-nitrophenyl esters, dinitrophenyl esters, pentafluorophenyl esters; Rd is selected from phenyl, nitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl, carboxynitrophenyl, l or nitropyridyl; n is an integer from 1 to 24; and the remainder of the variables are as described above in the fourth specific embodiment. ably, Rk is -H or -Me and n is an r from 2 to 8. Preferably, R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and the remainder of the variables is as described above in the fifth specific embodiment.
In certain embodiments, for compounds of a (IBa) and (IIBa) bed in the eighth ic embodiment, the variables are as described below: X' and Y' are both -H; A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and the remainder of the variables is as described above in the eighth specific embodiment.
Preferably, R is -(CH2)p-(CR R )-, wherein R and R are each independently selected from H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; p is 0, 1, 2 or 3 . More preferably, R and R are the same or different and are selected from -H and - Me; and p is 1.
In a ninth specific embodiment, the cytotoxic compound bonded to the linking group with the reactive group ed thereto is represented by any one of the following formulas: wherein: Y is selected from -S0 3M, -S0 2M or -OS0 3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation such as Na+ or K+; X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, a tuted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, and an amine-protecting group; Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; A and A' are selected from -O- and -S-; W is absent, or selected from , -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, - N(C(=0)R )-, -S- or -CH2-S-, -CH2NR -; R is absent or selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, ed cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen containing cycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, n R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; G is selected from -CH- or -N-; Zs -H, or is selected from any one of the following formulas: wherein: q is an integer from 1 to 5 ; preferably q is 2 ; n is an integer from 2 to 6; preferably n is 4 ; D is -H or -SO3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as Na+ or K+.
In n embodiments, Zs is represented by any one of the following formulas: In certain ments, such as the ninth specific embodiment, W is -N(R )-.
In n embodiments, R is -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, Rk is -H or -Me, n is 4, and q is 2 .
In certain embodiments, R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, R is -(CH2)p-(CR R )-, wherein R and R are each ndently selected from -H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and p is 0, 1, 2 or 3 .
In certain embodiments, R and R are the same or different, and are selected from -H and -Me; and p is 1.
In a tenth ic embodiment, the variables of the ninth specific embodiment are represented below: Y is -SO3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation (e.g., Na+); X ' and Y' are both -H; A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 9th specific embodiments, Y is selected from -SO3M, -S0 2M and a sulfate -OSO3M. Preferably, Y is -SO3M, wherein M is ably -H, Na+ or K+.
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 10th specific embodiments, W, when present, is C=0.
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 10th specific embodiments, Z and Z', when present, are -CH2-.
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 10th specific embodiments, X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, , the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto, and an protecting group. ably, X' is -H, -OH, -Me or the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto. More preferably, X' is -H.
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 10th specific embodiments, Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferably, Y' is -H or oxo. More preferably, Y' is -H.
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 10th ic embodiments, A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from , -S-, -NR 5-, and oxo -(C=0)-. Preferably, A and A' are the same or ent, and are selected from - O- and -S-. More preferably, A and A' are .
In any of the embodiments above, such as the 1st through the 10th specific embodiments, D and D', when present, are the same or different, and are independently selected from a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 24, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and l are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of n, -OR, -NR'COR", -SR and -COR'. Preferably, D and D' are linear or branched alkyl bearing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
In a eleventh ic embodiment, the various groups of the cytotoxic compounds of the first, third, and nineth specific embodiment, are represented below: W is C=0; R R2, Ri', R2', R4 and R ' are -H; one of R3, or R ' is optionally the linking group with the reactive group bonded thereto and the other is -H; R6 is -OMe; Z and Z' are -CH2-; X' is -H; Y' is -H; and A and A' are . in another embodiment, the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto as in any of the specific embodiment above is any one of those listed in List 1.
In another embodiment, cytoxic dimers without a linker es (such as the linker moieties described above) attached thereto may further react with a bifunctional crosslinking reagent to form a drug bearing a linking moiety with a reactive group attached thereto, in order to be used in the methods of the present invention (e.g., to further react with a cell-binding agent to form the drug-CBA conjugate). Alternatively, cytoxic dimers without a linker moieties (such as the linker es described above) attached thereto may r react with a bifunctional crosslinking reagent and a nding reagent in a one-step reaction to directly form the drug-CBA conjugate. In either case, an imine-reactive reagent may be added to the reaction mixture to form a drug-imine reactive reagent adduct (such as a bisulfite adduct) prior to the reaction to create the drug-CBA conjugate. Preferably, the c dimers without a linker moieties (such as the linker moieties described above) attached thereto may be first pre-incubated with the imine reactive reagent to form the adduct, before the reaction mixture is used in the subsequent reactions to form the BA conjugate.
Thus in a twelfth ic embodiment, the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is ented by any one of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: and, after reacting with the imine reactive reagent, the cytotoxic nd is represented by the following formula, or a ceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: Y is a sulfite (HS0 3, HS0 2 2 or a salt of HS0 3 , S0 3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (P0 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3S3 , PO2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (R O)2PS(OR ), R S-, R SO, 0 2, R S0 3, thiosulfate (HS20 3 or a salt of S20 32- formed with a ), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk )(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a , such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture thereof, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -S0 3H, and -P0 3H; R can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; preferably, Y is an adduct of a ite, a hydrosulfite, or a metabisulfite, or salts thereof (such as sodium salt); X' is ed from the group consisting of -H, -OH, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms (e.g., phenyl), an optionally tuted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms ndently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and , and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P. ably, X' is -H, -OH, or -Me. More preferably, X' is -H; Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an ally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms. Preferably, Y' is selected from -H or oxo. More ably, Y' is - R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R R2, R3, 1 R4, Ri', R2', R3', and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, - NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfonate -S0 3 M+, a sulfate -OS0 +, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', and -OCONR'R". ably, 1, 2, 3, or all of R2, R3, R2' and R3' is -H; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; R, for each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally tuted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring ning one or more heteroatoms independently selected from en, oxygen, and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R' and R" are the same or ent, and are independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, -COR, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3- to18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO, and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, , -N0 2, halogen, -OR or -SR ; preferably, R6 is -OMe or -SMe. Even more preferably, R6 is -OMe; Z and Z' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) -CR7R - (CH2) a - , -(CH2) NR9-(CH2) , -(CH2) (CH and -(CH2) -S-(CH ; a 2) a - 2) a n' and na' are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -, an amino acid, a peptide unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 is independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from - 0-, oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R 5)-.
Preferably, A and A' are the same or ent, and are selected from -O- and -S-.
More ably, A and A' are ; R 5 for each occurrence is independently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or different, and are ndently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) - L is absent, or when present, comprises the thiol group, and is a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, n the alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted.
Representative ures of such imine-containing cytotoxic nds are shown in Table 15. See compounds 1, 3, 4, 5 , and Id.
In certain embodiments, W is C=0; Ri, R2, R3, R4, Rr, Ry, R , and R4 are -H; Z and Z' are -CH2-; A and A' are both ; W is -(C=0)-; G is -CH-; R6 is -H, or optionally substituted CI-CIO linear, C I-CIO branched, or C3-C7 cyclic alkyl, -O-alkyl, or -O-halo-alkyl, such as -OMe; X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, and an amine-protecting group; and Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or tituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Preferably, Y is selected from -S0 3M, -S0 2M, or -OS0 3M, and wherein M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation such as Na+ or K+.
Preferably, Y is -S0 3M; M is -H or Na+.
In certain embodiments, the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is ented by any one of the following as: wherein: L', L", and L"' are the same or different, and are independently selected from -H, an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (OCH2CH2) -R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH 2], -OR, -NR'R", -N0 2, R", -SR, a sulfoxide ented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by - S0 2R', a sulfonate -SO3M, a e -OSO3M, a sulfonamide represented by - S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', -OCONR'R"; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation; and, G is selected from -CH- or -N-.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound, when present, is represented by one of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: In certain embodiments, one of L', L", or L'" bears the thiol group, while the others are -H. Preferably, L' bears the thiol group, and L" and L"' are -H.
In certain embodiments, A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; and G is -CH-.
In n embodiments, the imine-containing cytotoxic compound may be ented by any one of the ing formulas: wherein: W is absent, or when present, is selected from -CR R -, , C(=0)-, -C(=0), -S-, -SO-, -S0 2-, -CH2-S-, -CH20-, -CH2NR -, (C=0)0-, (C=0)N(R )-, -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, -C(=0)-N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)0-, - N(C(=0)R )C(=0)-, -N(C(=0)R )-, -(0-CH 2-CH2) -, -SS-, or -, or an amino acid, or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids; R is , or when present, is an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl bearing 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a 3- to 8-membered hetereocyclic ring g 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S; R and R are the same or different, and are selected from -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or - (CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a , branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms; preferably, R101 and R102 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 24.
In certain embodiments, the cytotoxic compound, when present, may be ented by one of the following formulas, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt In certain embodiments, Y is ed from -S0 3M, -S0 2M or -OS0 3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation such as Na+ or K+; X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, and an amine-protecting group; Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; A and A' are selected from -O- and -S-; W is absent, or selected from , -N(R )-, -N(R )-, - N(C(=0)R )-, -S- or -CH2-S-, -CH2NR -; R is absent or selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR 101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR 101R 102) group or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, wherein R 101 and R 102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; G is selected from -CH- or -N-.
In certain embodiments, W is -N(R )-.
In certain embodiments, R is -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, Rk is -H or -Me, n is 4, and q is 2 .
In certain ments, R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, R is p-(CR R )-, n R and R are each independently selected from -H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and p is 0, 1, 2 or 3 .
In certain embodiments, R and R are the same or ent, and are ed from -H and -Me; and p is 1.
In certain embodiments, Y is -SO3M, -S0 2M, or a sulfate -OSO3M; preferably -SO3M; M is -H or a ceutically acceptable cation (e.g., Na+); X' and Y' are both -H; A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, the tional inking agent is: a maleimido-based moiety selected from: N-succinimidyl 4- (maleimidomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate (SMCC), N-succinimidyl(N- maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-l-carboxy-(6-amidocaproate) (LC-SMCC), K- maleimidoundecanoic acid N-succinimidyl ester (KMUA), g-maleimidobutyric acid N- succinimidyl ester (GMBS), e-maleimidocaproic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (EMCS), m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS), N-(oc- maleimidoacetoxy)-succinimide ester (AMAS), succinimidyl-6 -( - maleimidopropionamido)hexanoate (SMPH), N-succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)- butyrate (SMPB), N-(p-maleimidophenyl)isocyanate (PMPI), N -succinimidyl(4- nitropyridyldithio)butanoate; or, a haloacetyl-based moiety selected from: N-succinimidyl(iodoacetyl)-aminobenzoate (SIAB), N-succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA), N-succinimidyl bromoacetate (SBA), and N- succinimidyl 3-(bromoacetamido propionate (SBAP), bis-maleimidopolyethyleneglycol (BMPEO), BM(PEO) 2, BM(PEO) 3, N-(p-maleimidopropyloxy)succinimide ester (BMPS), 5-maleimidovaleric acid NHS, HBVS, 4-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)-butyric acid hydrazide-HCl (MPBH), imidyl-(4-vinylsulfonyl)benzoate , dithiobismaleimidoethane (DTME), 1,4-bis-maleimidobutane (BMB), l,4-bismaleimidyl-2,3- dihydroxybutane (BMDB), bis-maleimidohexane (BMH), bis-maleimidoethane (BMOE), sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimido-methyl)cyclohexane-l-carboxylate (sulfo- SMCC), sulfosuccinimidyl(4-iodo-acetyl)aminobenzoate -SIAB), mmaleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester (sulfo-MBS), N -(g - maleimidobutryloxy)sulfosuccinimde ester (sulfo-GMBS), N -(e- maleimidocaproyloxy)sulfosuccimido ester (sulfo-EMCS), N - (k - idoundecanoyloxy)sulfosuccinimide ester (sulfo-KMUS), sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate (sulfo-SMPB), CXl-1, sulfo-Mal and PEG -Mal.
In certain embodiments, the bifunctional crosslinking agent is selected from the group ting of SMCC, SMCC, BMPS, GMBS, SIA, SIAB, N -succinimidyl- 4-(4-nitropyridyldithio)butanoate, bis-maleimidohexane or BMPEO.
In certain ments, the modified CBA, when present, is: [ENVOfiH—CBA {QMN—CBAH$03Ho O O | NM HNQK H H N N—CBA NHAW NHAWW O O O O O ~/\)k | H—cBA | NM N—CBA O 0 o o NMkEMOMN—CBA H N—CBA n : 2—20 (e.g., 2, 4, 6, s, 10) o o 9 9 $03H “—CBA N s “CBA 0 0 M5/ MWso3H-CBA H X: HorNOz O O N’\/O\/\O/\/O\/\N 0 )3 N—CBA N/VWN CBA Q1 \ I BMH O O ”—CBA In a thirteens specific embodiment, the imine—containing cytotoxic compound is: The bifunctional crosslinking agents can be any tional linker known in the art. For example, the bifunctional linkers can be used for making the drug-linker compounds are those that form disulfide bonds, thioether bonds, acid labile bonds, photolabile bonds, peptidase labile bonds and esterase labile bonds with the cytotoxic compounds (see for example, US Patent 5,208,020; 5,475,092; 6,441,163; 6,716,821; 6,913,748; 7,276,497; 7,276,499; 7,368,565; 7,388,026 and 7,414,073, all of which are incorporated herein by nce). ably, the bifunctional crosslinking agents are those that form disulfide bonds, thioether and peptidase labile bonds with the cytotoxic compounds. Other bifunctional inking agents that can be used in the present invention include non-cleavable linkers, such as those described in U.S. publication number US 169933, or charged linkers or hydrophilic linkers and are described in US 2009/0274713, US 2010/01293140 and , each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. The bifunctional crosslinking agents that can be used for making the drug-linker compounds of the present ion also include those described in Thermo Scientific Pierce Crosslinking cal ok, the entire teaching of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In another preferred ment, the drug (with or without a linker group with a reactive group attached thereto) that can be used in the present invention is any one of the compounds shown in Tables 1-7. In another preferred embodiment, the cell-binding agent-drug conjugate that can be made by the present invention is any one of the conjugates shown in Table 8.
Table 1. Structures of representative nds in the present invention.
Table 2 . Structures of entative compounds in the present invention (Continued).
Table 3 . Structures of representative compounds in the t invention (Continued).
Table 4 . Structures of representative compounds in the present invention (Continued).
Table 5 . Structures of entative compounds in the present invention.
Table 6. ures of representative compounds in the present invention (Continued).
Table 7 . Structures of representative compounds in the t invention (Continued).
Table 8. Structures of representative conjugates of the present invention.
In any of the compounds or conjugates bed above in Tables 1-8, the imine double bond may react with / have reacted with any of the reactive reagent (such as those described herein) ing to the methods of the invention to form adducts, including bisulfite adducts. Such imine-protected adducts in the compounds of Tables 1-7 may be used in further reactions according to the methods of the invention to produce conjugates of the invention. Similarly, compounds comprising protected adducts may be used in the methods of the invention to produce the conjugates in Table In another embodiment, drugs optionally bearing a linking moiety (e.g., a linker group with a reactive group attached thereto) that can be used in the methods of the present ion are represented by formula (Al) or (A2): (A2) . wherein: the double line =-= between N and C represents a single bond or a double bond, provided that at least one of == n N and C represents a double bond, and when it is a double bond, X is absent and Y is -H, and when it is a single bond, X is -H or an amine protecting moiety that converts the compound into a prodrug; preferably, when it is a double bond, X is absent and Y is -H, and the double bond may react with the imine- reactive reagent of the invention to form an adduct (such as a ite adduct) prior to the adduct is used in the methods of the invention to produce drug-CBA conjugates; Y is ed from -H, -OR, an ester represented by -OCOR', a carbonate represented by -OCOOR', a carbamate represented by 'R", an amine or a hydroxyl amine represented by -NR'R", amide represented by ', a peptide represented by -NRCOP, wherein P is an amino acid or a polypeptide ning between 2 to 20 amino acid units, a thioether represented by -SR', a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -SO3, a bisulfite - OSO3, -S0 2M, -SO3M, -OSO3M, a halogen, cyano, an azido, or a thiol; wherein M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation (such as Na+); or, Y is a sulfite (HS0 3, HS0 2 2 or a salt of HS0 3 , S0 3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S20 5 or a salt of S20 5 formed with a ), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, P0 2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3S , P0 2S23 , POS 33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (R O S OR ), R S-, R SO, R'S02, R'SOs, thiosulfate (HS20 3 or a salt of S20 32 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 4 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk )(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), amic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2 or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+) or a mixture thereof, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is tuted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; R1can be further optionally substituted with a tuent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; R, R', and R" are the same or different, and are selected from -H, substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200, or 1-20), a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more atoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5- to 18- membered fused ring system, wherein at least one of the rings is ic, containing one or more heteroatoms ndently selected from en, oxygen, and sulfur, aryl having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 3- to bered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the substituent is selected from halogen, -OR 7, -NR8R9, -N0 2, -NRCOR' , -SR 10 , a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -SO 3, a bisulfite -OSO 3, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NRR', cyano, an azido, -COR , -OCOR or -OCONR Ri2; R7, R8, R9, Rio, R 11 and Ri2 are each independently selected from -H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200, or 1-20), a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5- to 18- ed fused ring system, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, ning one or more heteroatoms independently ed from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, aryl having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclic ring having 3- to 18- membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from O, S, N and P, and Rio is optionally SR 13 or COR 13 ; R i3 is selected from , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5- to 18- membered fused ring system, wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, , and sulfur, aryl having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from O, S, N and P, optionally R is OR , wherein R has the 14 1 same definition as R, optionally R" is -OH; W is C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO or S0 2; Ri, R2, R3, , Ri', R2', R3', and R ' are each independently selected from -H, substituted or unsubstituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200, or 1-20), or a substituent ed from a halogen, inium [-NH(C=NH)NH 2], -OR7, -NR R9, -N0 2, -NRCOR', -SR , a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone ented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -S0 3, a bisulfite -OS0 3, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NRR', cyano, an azido, -CORn, - OCORn or nRi 2, wherein R7, R , R9, Rio, Rn and Ri2 are as defined above, optionally, any one of Ri, R2, R3, R , Ri', R2', R3', or R ' is the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto (if present), which may be selected from a rrolo, poly-indolyl, poly-imidazolyl, polypyrollo-imidazolyl, poly-pyrollo-indolyl or polyimidazolo-indolyl unit optionally g the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto; Z is selected from -(CH2) -, wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, -CR 15R 16 , -NR 1 , -O- or -S-, wherein R 15 , Ri6 and R are each independently ed from -H, , branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200, or 1-20); R6 is -OR, -SR or -NRR', wherein R and R' have the same definition as given above, optionally R6 is the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto (if present); X' is selected from -CH2, -NR, -CO, -BH, -SO or -S0 2 wherein R has the same definition as given above; Y' is , -CH2-, -NR or -S, wherein R has the same definition as given above; Z' is -CH2 or -(CH2) , wherein n is 2, 3 or 4, provided that X', Y' and Z' are not all CH2 at the same time; A and A' are the same or different and are selected from , -CRR'O, S, - CRR'S, -NR 15 or -CRR'NHRi 5, wherein R and R' have the same definition as given above and wherein R 15 has the same definition as R ; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently selected from linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with any one of halogen, -OR7, -NRgRg, -N0 2, -NRCOR', -SR , a sulfoxide ented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -SO3, a ite - OSO3, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NRR', cyano, an azido, -CORn, -OCORn or - OCONRnRi 2, wherein the definitions of R7, R , R9, R , Rn and R are as defined 12 above, or a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200, or 1-20); L is an optional phenyl group or 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms selected from O, S, N and P that is optionally substituted, wherein the substituent is the linking group with the reactive group ed thereto (if present), or is selected from linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with any one of halogen, -OR7, -NR R9, -N0 2, - NRCOR', -SRio, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a e represented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -SO 3, a bisulfite -OSO 3, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NRR', cyano, an azido, -CORn, OCOR or OCONR Ri2, wherein R7, R , R9, R , Rn and R have the 12 same definitions as given above, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200, or 1-20); ally, L itself is the linking group with the reactive group attached thereto; or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, salts, es or hydrated salts, their optical isomers, racemates, reomers, enantiomers or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds; provided that the compound has no more than one linking group with the reactive group ed thereto.
In one preferred embodiment, for drugs of formula (Al) or (A2): the double line = = between N and C represents a single bond or a double bond, provided that when it is a double bond X is absent and Y is -H, and when it is a single bond, X is -H or an amine protecting group that converts the compound into a prodrug; Y is selected from -H, -OR, NR'R", a sulfite -SO 3M , or a bisulfite -OSO 3M , n M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation (such as Na+); R is selected from -H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 rably 1-200 or 1-20), aryl having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, heterocyclic ring having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; W is C=0, CH2 or S0 2; R R2, R3, R4, Ri'. R2'. R3' and R4' are each independently selected from -H, - N0 2 or the linking group with a reactive group ed thereto (if present); R6 is -ORi , wherein R has the same definition as R ; Z is selected from -(CH2) , wherein n is 1, 2 or 3, -CR^R^, -NR , -O- or -S-, wherein 5, R and R are each ndently selected from -H, linear, branched or 16 17 cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , n n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200 or 1-20); X' is selected from -CH2, or C=0; Y' is , -NR, or -S, wherein R is defined as above; Z' is -CH2- or -(CH2)2-; A and A' are each ; D and D' are the same or different, and are independently selected from linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; L is an optional phenyl group or a heterocycle ring having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms that is optionally substituted, wherein the substituent is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present), or is selected from linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with any one of halogen, -OR7, -NR Rg, -N0 2, -NRCOR', -SRio, a sulfoxide ented by - SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -SO3, a bisulfite -OSO3, a sulfonamide represented by -S0 2NRR', cyano, an azido, -COR , -OCOR or -OCONR Ri2, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 2000 (preferably 1-200 or 1-20); optionally, L itself is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto; or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, salts, hydrates or hydrated salts, their optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers, omers or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds.
In another preferred embodiment, the drug of a (Al) or (A2) is represented b compounds of formulae (A4) or (A5): wherein: the double line = = between N and C represents a single bond or a double bond, provided that when it is a double bond, X is absent and Y is -H, and when it is a single bond, X is -H or an amine protecting group that converts the compound into a prodrug; Y is ed from -H, -OH, an ether represented by -OR, -NR'R", a sulfite - S0 3M, or a bisulfite -OSO3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation (such as Na+); R, R', and R" are selected from , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 1 0 carbon atoms; one of R2, R3, R2' and R3' is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present) and the others are -H, -NRCOR' or -N0 2; R6 is -OR, n R has the same definition as above; Z is -CH2- or -NR, wherein R has the same definition as above; A is -O- or -NR15; L is -(CH2 )nn-, wherein nn is 0 or an integer between 1 and 5 , or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or l having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein the substituent is selected from halogen, -OR 7, -NRgRg, -N0 2, -NRCOR', -SR , a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -S0 2R', a sulfite -S0 3, a bisulfite -OS0 3, a amide represented by -S0 2NRR', cyano, an azido, -CORn, -OCORn, or - OCONRiiRi 2; R , R8, R9, Rio, R11, Ri2 and 5 has the same tion as given above; optionally, L itself is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present); one of L', L", or L'" is the linking group with a ve group attached thereto (if present), while the others are -H; preferably L' is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present); and G is -CH- or -N-, or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, salts, hydrates or ed salts, their optical isomers, racemates, diastereomers, enantiomers or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds.
In yet another red embodiment, the compound of formula (Al) represented by compounds of formulae from formulae (A6) or (A7): wherein: the double line =-= between N and C represents a single bond or a double bond, provided that when it is a double bond, X is absent and Y is -H, and when it is a single bond, X is -H or an amine protecting group that converts the compound into a g; Y is ed from -H, -OH, an ether represented by -OR, a sulfite -SO3, or a bisulfite -OS0 3; R is selected from linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; nn is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5 ; one of R2, R3, R2' and R3' is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present) and the others are -H, -NRCOR', or -N0 2; one of L', L" or L'" is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present), provided that when one of L', L" or L'" is the g group with a reactive group attached thereto, the others are -H (e.g., if L' is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto, then L" and L'" are -H); G is -CH- or -N-, or their pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, salts, es or hydrated salts, their l isomers, racemates, diastereomers, enantiomers or the polymorphic crystalline structures of these compounds.
In another specific embodiment, one of R2, R , R2' and R ' of a (A4) and (A6) is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto(if present), and is represented by a -W'-R -V-R -J, and the rest are -H; L" and L"' of formula (A5) and (A7) are -H, and L' is the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto (if present), and is represented by formula -W'-R -V-R y-J wherein: is absent, -CR R -, , C(=0)-, -S-, -CH2-S-, (C=0)0-, (C=0)N(R )-, -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, -N(R )-C(=0)0-, or -C(=0)-; R is absent or an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; V is absent, -(CH2-CH2-0) -, , C(=0)-, -S-, (C=0)0-, 0-(C=0)N(R )-, -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, -N(R )-C(=0)0-, -C(=0)-, an amino acid, or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids; R is absent or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R is -H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -R , n is an integer from 1 to 24; and J is as bed above in the fourth specific embodiment.
Preferably, R is -H or -Me; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -R ; n is an integer from 2 to 8; and the remainder of the variables are as bed above in the fourth specific embodiment.
In another preferred embodiment, V is an amino acid or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids. More preferably, V is valine-citrulline, gly-gly-gly or u-ala-leu. ably, J is -SH, -SSRd or -COE as described above.
In another specific embodiment, one of R2, R3, R2' and R3' of formula (A4) and (A6) is the linking group with a ve group attached thereto (if present), and is represented by formula -W '-R -S-Zs; L" and L'" of formula (A5) and (A7) are -H, and L' is represented by -W '-R -S-Zs, wherein the variables are as described in the eigth and ninth ic embodiments.
In another embodiment, the compounds of formula (A1)-(A7) (with or without pre-incubation with the imine-reactive reagent), if the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto is not already present, can further react with a bifunctional crosslinking reagent bed above to form an imine-containing drug bearing the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto, which can be used in the methods of the present invention.
In certain embodiments, the containing drug bearing the linking group with a reactive group attached thereto that can be used in the methods of the present invention is represented by any one of the following formulas: (A8) wherein: "Linker" is represented by formula (al), (a2), (a3), (a4), (a5), (a6), (a7) or (a8) described above (in the ninth specific embodiment); q is an integer from 1 to 5 ; n is an integer from 2 to 6; D is -H or -SO3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as Na+ or K+; and the der of the variables is as bed in the eigth or ninth specific embodiments.
Preferably, q is 2 and n is 4 .
In a preferred embodiment, Linker is represented by formula (al), (a4), (a5), (a9) or (alO) described above.
In certain embodiments, for compounds of formula (A8) described immediately above, the variables are as bed below: is , -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, -N(COR )-, -S- or -; R is absent or selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, ed cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group or a 5- or 6-membered Nitrogen containing heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine; n is an integer from 1 to 24; and the remainder of the variables are as described above in the embodiment immediately above. ably, Rk is -H or -Me and n is an integer from 2 to 8. Preferably, R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In another preferred embodiment, the linker is represented by any one of the a selected from formulas (al), (a4), (a5), (alO) and (all) shown above; and the remainder of the variables are as described above in the ninth specific ment.
In certain embodiments, for compounds of formula (A8) described in the embodiments above, the variables are as described below: X' and Y' are both -H; A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and the remainder of the variables is as described above.
Preferably, R is -(CH2)p-(CR R )-, wherein R and R are each independently selected from -H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; p is 0, 1, 2 or 3 . More preferably, R and R are the same or different and are selected from -H and - Me; and p is 1.
In r preferred embodiment, the linker is represented by any one of the formula selected from formulas (al), (a4), (a5), (alO) and (all) shown above; and the remainder of the les are as described above.
In another preferred embodiment, the drug of formula (Al), (A2) or (A3) is any one of the compounds shown in Tables 11-13 and the conjugate can be made by the method of the present invention is any one of the conjugates shown in Table 14.
Table 11. Structures of representative drugs that can be used in the s of the present invention.
Note: Z" = H, SMe, SPy, 2, Ac; X"' = NHS; Table 12. Structures of representative drugs that can be used in the methods of the present invention (Continued).
Table 13. ures of representative drugs that can be used in the methods of the present invention (Continued).
WO 12687 102102 Table 14. Structures of representative conjugates that can be made by methods of the present invention.
Any compounds of Tables 11-13 and any conjugates of Table 14 may have at least one of its imine bonds reacted with a subject imine reactive reagent, thus forming an adduct, such as bisulfite adduct.
In one embodiment, the imine-containing drug bearing a g moiety are those having a reactive ester group, a thiol or a thiol ve group described above.
Alternatively, the drug described above can further react with bifunctional crosslinking agent to form a drug bearing a linking moiety. Any bifunctional crosslinking agents described can be used.
In another preferred embodiment, the drug that can be used in the present invention is any one of the nds shown in Table 15.
Table 15. Representative drug compounds that can be used in the present methods.
CELL-BINDING AGENT The iveness of the conjugates of the invention as therapeutic agents depends on the careful selection of an appropriate cell-binding agent. Cell-binding agents may be of any kind tly known, or that become known and includes peptides and non-peptides. Generally, these can be dies (especially monoclonal antibodies), lymphokines, hormones, growth factors, vitamins (such as folate etc., which may bind to a cell surface receptor therefor, e.g., a folate receptor), nutrient-transport molecules (such as transferrin), or any other cell-binding molecule or substance.
In certain embodiments, the cell-binding agents are proteins or polypetides, or compounds comprising proteins or polypetides. Preferably, the proteins or polypeptides comprise one or more Lys residues with side chain -NH2 groups. Alternatively or in addition, the proteins or polypeptides comprise one or more Cys residues. The side chain -SH groups of the Cys residues may be , or may be in a disulfide bond that can be reduced. Preferably, reduction of the disulfide bond(s) does not significantly negatively impact the cell-binding function of the proteins or ptides {e.g., in the case of antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, reduction of the disulfide bonds does not substantially se the dissociation of light chains / heavy chains).
The Lys side chain -NH2 groups and/or the Cys side chain -SH groups may be covalently linked to the linkers, which are in turn linked to the dimer compounds of the invention, thus conjugating the cell-binding agents to the dimer compounds of the invention. Each protein-based cell-binding agents may contain multiple Lys side chain - NH2 groups and/or the Cys side chain -SH groups available for linking the nds of the invention through the bifunctional crosslinkers.
More specific examples of cell-binding agents that can be used include: polyclonal antibodies; monoclonal dies; fragments of dies such as Fab, Fab', and 2, Fv, minibodies, diabodies, tribodies, tetrabodies (Parham, J. Immunol. 131:2895-2902 (1983); Spring et al. J. Immunol. 113:470-478 (1974); Nisonoff et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 89:230- 244 (1960), Kim et al., Mol, Cancer Ther., 7 : 2486-2497 (2008), Carter, Nature Revs., 6 : 343-357 (2006)); interferons (e.g. a, b, g) ; lymphokines such as IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6; hormones such as insulin, TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone), MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), steroid es, such as androgens and estrogens; growth factors and colony- ating factors such as EGF, pha, FGF, VEGF, G-CSF, M-CSF and GM-CSF ss, logy Today 5:155-158 (1984)); transferrin (O'Keefe et al. J. Biol. Chem. 260:932-937 ); vitamins, such as folate; Protein scaffolds based on a consensus sequence of fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats (also known as Centyrins; See U.S. Patent Publication 2010/0255056, incorporated herein by nce); Designer Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins; U.S. Patent Application Nos. 20040132028; 82274; 20110118146; 20110224100, incorporated herein by reference), C. Zahnd et al. 2010, Cancer Res., 70; 1595-1605, incorporated herein by reference); and, Fibronectin domain scaffold proteins (Adnectins: US Patent Application Nos. 20070082365; 20080139791, incorporated herein by reference).
Monoclonal dy techniques allow for the production of extremely ic cell-binding agents in the form of specific monoclonal antibodies. ularly well known in the art are techniques for creating onal antibodies produced by immunizing mice, rats, hamsters or any other mammal with the n of interest such as the intact target cell, antigens isolated from the target cell, whole virus, attenuated whole virus, and viral proteins such as viral coat proteins. Sensitized human cells can also be used. Another method of creating monoclonal antibodies is the use of phage libraries of scFv (single chain variable region), specifically human scFv (see e.g., Griffiths et al., U.S. Patent Nos. 5,885,793 and 5,969,108; McCafferty et al., WO 92/01047; Liming et al., WO 99/06587). In addition, resurfaced antibodies disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,639,641 may also be used, as may chimeric antiobodies and humanized antibodies. Selection of the appropriate cell-binding agent is a matter of choice that depends upon the particular cell population that is to be targeted, but in general human monoclonal antibodies are preferred if an appropriate one is available.
For example, the monoclonal antibody MY9 is a murine IgGi antibody that binds specifically to the CD33 Antigen {J.D. Griffin et al 8 Leukemia Res., 521 (1984)} and can be used if the target cells s CD33 as in the disease of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The cell-binding agent may be any compound that can bind a cell, either in a specific or non-specific manner. Generally, these can be antibodies (especially monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments), interferons, lymphokines, hormones, growth factors, vitamins, nutrient-transport molecules (such as transferrin), or any other cell-binding molecule or substance.
Where the cell-binding agent is an antibody, it binds to an antigen that is a polypeptide and may be a transmembrane le {e.g. receptor) or a ligand such as a growth factor. Exemplary antigens include molecules such as renin; a growth hormone, including human growth hormone and bovine growth hormone; growth hormone releasing factor; parathyroid hormone; thyroid stimulating e; lipoproteins; alpha- 1-antitrypsin; n A-chain; insulin B-chain; proinsulin; follicle ating hormone; calcitonin; luteinizing hormone; glucagon; clotting factors such as factor vmc, factor IX, tissue factor (TF), and von Willebrands factor; anti-clotting factors such as Protein C; atrial natriuretic factor; lung surfactant; a plasminogen activator, such as urokinase or human urine or tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA); bombesin; thrombin; hemopoietic growth factor; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta; enkephalinase; RANTES (regulated on activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted); human macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1 ); a serum albumin, such as human serum albumin; rian-inhibiting substance; n A-chain; relaxin n; axin; mouse gonadotropin- associated peptide; a microbial protein, such as beta- lactamase; DNase; IgE; a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA), such as CTLA-4; inhibin; activin; vascular elial growth factor ; ors for es or growth factors; protein A or D; rheumatoid factors; a rophic factor such as bone-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, -4, -5, or -6 (NT-3, NT4, NT-5, or NT-6), or a nerve growth factor such as NGF-b; platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); fibroblast growth factor such as aFGF and bFGF; fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2); epidermal growth factor (EGF); transforming growth factor (TGF) such as TGF-alpha and TGF-beta, including TGF- bI , TGF-p2, TGF- b3, TGF- b4, or TGF- b5; insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I and IGF-II); des(l-3)-IGF-I (brain IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, EpCAM, GD3, FLT3, PSMA, PSCA, MUCl, MUCl 6, STEAP, CEA, TENB2, EphA receptors, EphB ors, folate receptor, FOLR1, mesothelin, cripto, alphavbeta6, integrins, VEGF, VEGFR, EGFR, tamsferrin receptor, IRTAl, IRTA2, IRTA3, IRTA4, IRTA5; CD proteins such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD8, CD11, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD25, CD26, CD28, CD30, CD33, CD36, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD44, CD52, CD55, CD56, CD59, CD70, CD79, CD80. CD81, CD103, CD105, CD134, CD137, CD138, CD152 or an dy which binds to one or more tumor-associated antigens or cell-surface receptors disclosed in US Publication No. 20080171040 or US Publication No. 20080305044 and are incorporated in their entirety by reference; erythropoietin; osteoinductive factors; immunotoxins; a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP); an interferon, such as eron- alpha, -beta, and ; colony stimulating factors (CSFs), e.g., M-CSF, GM-CSF, and G-CSF; interleukins (ILs), e.g., IL-1 to IL-10; superoxide dismutase; T-cell receptors; surface membrane proteins; decay rating factor; viral antigen such as, for example, a portion of the HIV envelope; transport proteins; homing receptors; addressins; regulatory proteins; integrins, such as CDlla, CDllb, CDllc, CD18, an ICAM, VLA-4 and VCAM; a tumor ated antigen such as HER2, HER3 or HER4 receptor; endoglin, c-Met, 1GF1R, PSGR, NGEP, PSMA, PSCA, LGR5, B7H4, and fragments of any of the above-listed polypeptides.
Additionally, GM-CSF, which binds to d cells can be used as a cell- binding agent to ed cells from acute myelogenous leukemia. IL-2 which binds to activated T-cells can be used for prevention of transplant graft rejection, for therapy and prevention of graft-versus-host e, and for treatment of acute T-cell leukemia.
MSH, which binds to melanocytes, can be used for the treatment of melanoma, as can antibodies directed towards melanomas. Folic acid can be used to target the folate receptor expressed on ovarian and other tumors. Epidermal growth factor can be used to target squamous cancers such as lung and head and neck. Somatostatin can be used to target lastomas and other tumor types.
Cancers of the breast and testes can be successfully targeted with estrogen (or estrogen analogues) or androgen (or androgen analogues) respectively as cell-binding agents.
In one embodiment, the cell-binding agent is humanized onal antibodies.
In another embodiment, the cell-binding agent is huMy9-6, or other related antibodies, which are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,342,110 and 7,557,189 (incorporated herein by reference). In another embodiment, the cell-binding agent is an anti-folate receptor antibody described in U.S. Provisional ation Nos. 61/307,797, ,595, 61/413,172 and U.S. Application No. 13/033,723 (published as US 2012-0009181 Al).
The teachings of all these applications are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In certain embodiments, the cell-binding agent may be a onal dy or n-binding portions thereof g sequences critical for antigen-binding with an antibody sed herein, such as huMy9-6 or its related antibodies described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 7,342,1 10 and 7,557,189 (incorporated herein by reference). These derivative antibodies may have substantially the same or identical (1) light chain and/or heavy chain CDR3 regions; (2) light chain and/or heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 regions; or (3) light chain and/or heavy chain regions, compared to an dy described herein. Sequences within these regions may n conservative amino acid subsitutions, including substitutions within the CDR regions. Preferably, there is no more than 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 conservative substitutions. In certain embodiments, the derivative antibodies have a light chain region and/or a heavy chain region that is at least about 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% identical to an antibody described herein. These derivative antibodies may have substantially the same binding specificity and/or affinity to the target antigen compared to an antibody described herein. Preferably, the K and/or s of the derivative dies are within 10-fold (either higher or lower), -fold (either higher or lower), 3-fold (either higher or , or 2-fold (either higher or lower) of an antibody bed herein. These derivative antibodies may be fully human antobodies, or humanized antibodies, or chimeric antibodies. The derivative antibodies may be produced according to any art-recognized methods.
In one embodiment, the anti-folate receptor antibody is a zed antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds a human folate receptor 1, wherein the antibody comprises: (a) a heavy chain CDR1 comprising GYFMN (SEQ ID NO: 1); a heavy chain CDR2 comprising RIHPYDGDTFYNQXaa 1FXaa2Xaa3 (SEQ ID NO: 2); and a heavy chain CDR3 comprising YDGSRAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3); and (b) a light chain CDR1 comprising KASQSVSFAGTSLMH (SEQ ID NO: 4); a light chain CDR2 comprising RASNLEA (SEQ ID NO: 5); and a light chain CDR3 comprising QQSREYPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6); wherein Xaai is selected from K, Q, H, and R; Xaa2 is selected from Q, H, N, and R ; and Xaa3 is selected from G, E, T, S, A, and V.
Preferably, the heavy chain CDR2 sequence comprises RIHPYDGDTFYNQKFQG (SEQ ID NO: 7).
In another embodiment, the anti-folate receptor antibody is a humanized antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds the human folate receptor 1 comprising the heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of QVQLVQSGAEVVKPGASVKISCKASGYTFTGYFMNWVKQSPGQSLEWIGRIHP YDGDTFYNQKFQGKATLTVDKSSNTAHMELLSLTSEDFAVYYCTRYDGSRAM DYWGQGTTVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSW NSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDK KVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSH EDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEY KCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYP SDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSV MHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK (SEQ ID NO: 8).
In another embodiment, the anti-folate antibody is a zed antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof encoded by the plasmid DNA deposited with the ATCC on April 7, 2010 and having ATCC deposit nos. PTA-10772 and PTA-10773 or 10774.
In r ment, the anti-folate receptor antibody is a humanized antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds the human folate receptor 1 comprising the light chain having the amino acid sequence of DIVLTQSPLSLAVSLGQPAIISCKASQSVSFAGTSLMHWYHQKPGQQPRLLIYRA SNLEAGVPDRFSGSGSKTDFTLNISPVEAEDAATYYCQQSREYPYTFGGGTKLEI PSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQ ESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 9); or DIVLTQSPLSLAVSLGQPAIISCKASQSVSFAGTSLMHWYHQKPGQQPRLLIYRA VPDRFSGSGSKTDFTLTISPVEAEDAATYYCQQSREYPYTFGGGTKLEI KRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQ ESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC (SEQ ID NO: 10).
In another embodiment the anti-folate receptor antibody is a humanized antibody or antigen binding nt thereof that specifically binds the human folate receptor 1 comprising the heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10.
Preferably, the antibody comprises the heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 and the light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 (hu FOLR1).
In another embodiment, the anti-folate receptor antibody is a humanized antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof d by the plasmid DNA deposited with the ATCC on April 7, 2010 and having ATCC deposit nos. PTA- 10772 and PTA- 10773 or 10774.
In another ment, the anti-folate receptor antibody is a humanized antibody or antigen binding fragment f comprising a heavy chain variable domain at least about 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% identical to QVQLVQSGAEVVKPGASVKISCKASGYTFTGYFMNWVKQSPGQSLEWIGRIHP YDGDTFYNQKFQGKATLTVDKSSNTAHMELLSLTSEDFAVYYCTRYDGSRAM DYWGQGTT VTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 11), and a light chain variable domain at least about 90%, 95%, 99% or 100% identical to DIVLTQSPLSLAVSLGQPAIISCKASQSVSFAGTSLMHWYHQKPGQQPRLLIYRA SNLEAGVPDRFSGSGSKTDFTLNISPVEAEDAATYYCQQSREYPYTFGGGTKLEI KR (SEQ ID NO: 12); orDIVLTQSPLSLAVSLGQPAIISCKASQSVSFAGTSLMHWYHQKPGQQPRLLIYR ASNLEAGVPDRFSGSGSKTDFTLTISPVEAEDAATYYCQQSREYPYTFGGGTKLE IKR (SEQ ID NO: 13).
A cell-binding agent, such as an antibody, can be ed with a heterobifunctional crosslinker bearing an amine-reactive group, such as N - ysuccinimide group (NHS , a reactive maleimido, vinylpyridine, vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfonamide or a haloacetyl-based group, or a thiol group.
Thiol residues in antibody can be introduced by a number of methods known in the art, including: a) modification of antibody with thiol-generating reagents such as 2- iminothiolane or homocysteine thiolactone, or b) via reaction with a disulfidecontaining bifunctional crosslinking agent such as SPP, SPDP, SPDB, sulfo- SPDB followed by reduction of the disulfide bond with DTT or TCEP to generate a free thiol, c) mutagenesis to incorporate non-native ne residues, such as cysteine - engineered antibodies (US2007/0092940 Al, US 003766 Al, US 7723485 B2), or d) reduction of native disulfide bonds (del Rosario, R. B . et al., Cancer Res. Suppl. 1990, 50, 804s-808s).
A reactive group, such as maleimido, vinylpyridine, vinyl sulfone, vinyl sulfonamide or a haloacetyl-based group in antibody can be introduced by modifying an dy with a heterobifunctional crosslinking agent bearing a thiol-reactive group (including but not limited to SPDB, inimidyl(4-nitropyridyl dithio)butanoate, sulfo-SMCC, SMCC, LC-SMCC, KMUA, BMPS, GMBS, sulfo- GMBS, EMCS, EMCS, AMAS, SVSB, SPP, NHS-(PEG)n-mal, where n = 1 to 24, preferably 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24). Crosslinking agents comprising a maleimido-based moiety include /V-succinimidyl 4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-carboxylate , N-succinimidyl(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-l-carboxy-(6-amidocaproate), which is a "long chain" analog of SMCC (LC-SMCC), K-maleimidoundecanoic acid/V- succinimidyl ester (KMUA), g-maleimidobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester (GMBS), e- maleimidocaproic acid /V-hydroxysuccinimide ester (EMCS), imidobenzoyl -N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS), N-(a-maleimidoacetoxy)-succinimide ester (AMAS), succinimidyl(P-maleimidopropionamido)hexanoate (SMPH), /V-succinimidyl 4-(pmaleimidophenyl )-butyrate (SMPB), and N-(p-maleimidophenyl)isocyanate (PMPI).
Thiol reactive compounds which contain a vinylpyridine are bed (Friedman M. et.
Al. Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 1974, 6, 183-185; Mak A. et. Al. Anal. Biochem. 1978, 84, 432-440). Thiol reactive compounds which contain a vinyl sulfone moiety have been described (Masri M . S . J . Protein Chem., 1988, 7, 49-54; Morpurgo, M. et. Al.
Bioconjugate Chem. 1996, 7, 363-368) Cross-linking reagents comprising a haloacetylbased moiety include N-succinimidyl(iodoacetyl)-aminobenzoate (SIAB), N- imidyl iodoacetate (SIA), /V-succinimidyl bromoacetate (SBA), and N- succinimidyl 3-(bromoacetamido propionate (SBAP).
The modified antibody can be purified by any suitable methods known in the art, for example, gel filtration, TFF or ion-exchange chromatography or affinity tography.
All references cited herein and in the examples that follow are expressly incorporated by nce in their entireties.
CELL-BINDING AGENT-DRUG CONJUGATES The present invention provides improved methods to e cell-binding agent- drug conjugates, comprising a cell-binding agent linked to one or more cytotoxic compounds of the present invention via a variety of linkers, including, but not limited to, ide linkers, thioether linkers, amide bonded linkers, peptidase-labile linkers, acid- labile s, esterase-labile linkers.
Representative conjugates that can be made using the methods of the invention include antibody / cytotoxic compound, antibody fragment / cytotoxic nd, epidermal growth factor (EGF) / cytotoxic compound, melanocyte stimulating e (MSH) / cytotoxic compound, d ating e (TSH) / cytotoxic compound, somatostatin/cytotoxic compound, folate / cytotoxic nd, estrogen / cytotoxic compound, estrogen analogue / cytotoxic compound, androgen/cytotoxic compound, and androgen analogue / cytotoxic compound. A representative folate / cytotoxic compound conjugate is depicted below, with the optional -S0 3Na adduct on the imine bond of one of the two drug monomers. A representative synthesis scheme for this conjugate is shown in . folate / cytotoxic compound conjugate In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides methods for ing conjugates comprising an indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound (e.g., formulas (lb'), (lib'), (lab'), (IIAb'), (IBb'), (IIBb'), (XHIb'), (Xb'), etc.) and the cell-binding agent linked h a covalent bond. The linker can be cleaved at the site of the tumor/unwanted proliferating cells to deliver the cytotoxic agent to its target in a number of ways. The linker can be d, for example, by low pH (hydrazone), reductive environment (disulfide), proteolysis (amide/peptide link), or through an enzymatic reaction (esterase/glycosidase).
In a preferred aspect, representative cytotoxic conjugates that can be produced by the methods of the invention are antibody / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, antibody fragment / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, epidermal growth factor (EGF) / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) / nobenzodiazepine dimer compound, thyroid ating hormone (TSH) / nobenzodiazepine dimer compound, somatostatin/ indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, folate/ indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, estrogen / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, estrogen analogue / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, matriptase inhibitor / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, androgen / indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compound, and androgen analogue/ nobenzodiazepine dimer compound.
Thus in the fourteenth specific embodiment, the methods of the invention produce a conjugate comprising: a cytotoxic nd and a cell binding agent (CBA), wherein the cytotoxic nd is covalently linked to the CBA through a linking group, and wherein the cytotoxic nd and the g group portion of the conjugate is re resented by any one of the following formulas: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Y is a leaving group, and is a e (HS0 2- 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO3 , SO3 or HSO2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite 5 or a salt of S2O52- formed with a ), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO3SH3, PO2S2H2, POS3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of PO3S3 , PO2S23 , POS33 or PS43 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (R O)2PS(OR ), R S-, R SO, R^, S , thiosulfate (HS20 3 or a salt of S20 32 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS20 4 or a salt of S20 4 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk )(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk C(=0)NOH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2SO2 or a salt of HOCH2SO2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2SO2 Na+) or a mixture f, wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -CO2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; R1can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; preferably, Y is an adduct of a bisulfite, a hydrosulfite, or a metabisulfite, or salts thereof (such as sodium salt); X' is selected from -H, an protecting group, the g group, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to bered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and Y' is selected from -H, an oxo group, the linking group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 6- to 18-membered aryl, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently ed from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, an optionally tuted 3- to 18-membered heterocyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the linking group; R R2, R3, R4, Ri', R2', R3' and R4' are each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) - R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH2], -OR, -NR'R", -N0 2, -NCO, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide represented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by -SO2R', a sulfonate - S0 3 M+, a e -OS0 +, a sulfonamide represented 3 M by -S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', , -OCONR'R" and the linking group; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as Na+; R, for each ence, is independently selected from the group consisting of - H, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18- membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, , and sulfur, or an optionally substituted 3- to bered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and R' and R" are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -OR, -NHR, -NR2, - COR, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH20 ) -R , and an optionally substituted 3membered cyclic ring having 1 to 6 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, N and P ; R is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the linking group; n is an integer from 1 to 24; W is selected from C=0, C=S, CH2, BH, SO and S0 2; R6 is -H, -R, -OR, -SR, -NR'R", -N0 2, halogen or the linking group; Z and Z' are independently selected from -(CH2) - , -(CH2) '-CR7Rg-(CH2) -, - (CH2V-NR9-(CH2) a , -(CH2) (CH 2) a and -(CH2) -S-(CH 2) a ; n' and na' are the same or different, and are selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; R7 and R are the same or different, and are each independently selected from -H, -OH, -SH, -COOH, -NHR', a polyethylene glycol unit -(OCH2CH2) -, an amino acid, a e unit bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 9 is independently selected from -H, an ally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (OCH CH ) -; A and A' are the same or different, and are independently selected from , oxo (-C(=0)-), -CRR'O-, -CRR'-, -S-, -CRR'S-, -N(R5)- and -CRR'N(R5)-, R 5 for each occurrence is ndently -H or an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; D and D' are the same or ent, and are independently absent or selected from the group consisting of an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an amino acid, a e bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, and a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2)n-; L is absent, the g group, a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) -, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring or a 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring having 1 to 6 atoms independently selected from O, S, N and P, wherein the alkyl or alkenyl is optionally substituted with the linking group; phenyl or heterocyclic or heteroaryl ring can be optionally substituted, wherein the substituent can comprise the linking group.
A representative conjugate is presented below ("Ab" stands for a CBA, such as an antibody): In certain embodiments, Y is -S0 2M, -S0 3M, or -OS0 3M .
In certain embodiments, the conjugates that can be synthesized by the methods of the invention include the following: 2012/025257 N/\/\n/N——CBA / H Y NpOMeo mom/No N\{ O O wherein: CBA is the cell-binding agent, r is an integer from 1 to 10, Y is -H, an adduct of a bisulfite, a hydrosulfite, a metabisulfite, or salts thereof, or -SO3M, and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In certain embodiments, L is absent, or is selected from an optionally substituted phenyl group and an optionally substituted pyridyl group, wherein the phenyl and the pyridyl group bears the linking group, or L is an amine group bearing the linking group (i.e., -N(linking group)-), or L is a , branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and bearing the linking group.
In the fifteenth specific embodiment, the xic compound bonded to the linking group is ented by any one of the following formulas: wherein: L', L", and L"' are the same or different, and are independently selected from -H, an optionally tuted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit - (OCH2CH2)n-R , halogen, guanidinium [-NH(C=NH)NH 2], -OR, -NR'R", -N0 2, -NR'COR", -SR, a sulfoxide ented by -SOR', a sulfone represented by - S0 2R', a sulfonate -SO3M, a sulfate -OSO3M, a sulfonamide represented by - S0 2NR'R", cyano, an azido, -COR', -OCOR', -OCONR'R" and the linking group, ed only one of L', L", and L'" is the linking group; and G is ed from -CH- or -N-. The remaining groups are as described in the fourteenth specific embodiment above.
In certain embodiments, one of L', L", or L'" is the linking group, while the others are -H. Preferably, L' is the linking group, and L" and L"' are -H.
In n ments, A and A' are both , R6 is -OMe, and G is -CH-.
In a nth specific ment, L' is represented by the following formula: -W'-R -V-R -J, wherein: W and V are the same or different, and are each independently absent, or selected from -CR R '-, , C(=0)-, -C(=0), -S-, -SO-, -S0 2-, -CH2-S-, - CH20-, -CH2NR -, (C=0)0-, (C=0)N(R )-, -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, - C(=0)-N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)0-, -N(C(=0)R )C(=0)-, -N(C(=0)R )-, -(0-CH 2- CH2) -, -SS-, or -C(=0)-, or an amino acid, or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids; R and R are the same or different, and are each independently absent or an optionally substituted , branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl bearing 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a 3- to 8- membered hetereocyclic ring bearing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S; R and R are the same or different, and are selected from -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or - (CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, such as dine or morpholine, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms; preferably, R101 and R102 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 24; and J is covalently linked to the CBA, and is ed from a succinimide, a acetamido, -S-, -SS-, , -CH(Me)S-, -C(Me)2S-, -NR 1-, -CH 1-, - NR l N-, and -C(=0)-, wherein R l is -H or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
In n embodiments, J is -S-, -SS-, a succinimide, or -C(=0)-.
In certain embodiments, R is -H or -Me; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk; n is an integer from 2 to 8; and Rk is -H, -Me or -CH2CH2-NMe2, and the remainder of the variables are as described above in the fifteenth specific embodiment.
In n embodiments, V is an amino acid or a peptide having 2 to 8 amino acids.
In certain ments, V is valine-citrulline, gly-gly-gly, or ala-leu-ala-leu.
In certain embodiments, is , -N(R )- or -N(R )-C(=0)-; R is H, a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or -(CH2- CH2-0) -Rk; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; V is , -(0-CH 2-CH2) -, -C(=0)-NH-, -S-, -NH-C(=0)-; R is absent or a linear or ed alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and J is -S-, -SS-, or -C(=0)-, and the remaining groups are as defined in the sixteenth specific embodiment.
In certain embodiments, is , -N(R )- or -N(R )-; R is -H, -Me, or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Me; n is an integer from 2 to 6; R is linear or branched alkyl bearing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; V and R are absent; and J is -C(=0)-. The remaining groups are as defined in the sixteenth specific embodiment.
In a seventeenth specific embodiment, L' in the sixteenth specific embodiment is represented by the following formula: -W'-[CRi"R 2 "]a-V-[Cy]o-i-[CR3 "R4 "]b-C(=0)-, wherein: Rr , R2", and R3 are each independently -H or a linear or branched alkyl bearing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably -Me; R4 is -H, a linear or ed alkyl bearing 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably -Me), -S0 +, wherein 3H, or -S0 3 M M+ is a ceutically acceptable cation; a is an integers from 0-5 (e.g., from 0 to 2, 3, 4, or 5), and b is an integer from 0-6 (e.g., from 0 to 3, 4, 5, or 6); and, Cy is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclic ring bearing an N heteroatom, preferably Cy is In certain embodiments, such as in the sixteenth or the seventeenth specific embodiment, W is -N(R )-.
In certain embodiments, such as in the sixteenth or the seventeenth specific embodiment, R is -(CH2-CH2-0)2Rk, wherein Rk is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In n embodiments, such as in the sixteenth or the seventeenth specific embodiment, V is -S- or -SS-.
In an eighteenth specific embodiment, L' in the sixteenth or the seventeenth specific embodiment is represented by the following formula: - NR -[CRi"R 2 "]a -S-[CR 3 "R4 =0)-.
In certain embodiments, such as in the sixteenth to seventeenth specific ments, the conjugate is: n r is an integer from 1 to 10, Y is -S0 3M, and M is -H or a pharmaceutically able cation.
In certain embodiments, such as in the sixteenth to eighteenth specific embodiments, the antibody is huMy9-6.
In a nineteenth specific embodiment, L' in the sixteenth or the seventeenth specific embodiment is represented by the following formula: - NR -[CRi"R2"]a-S-Cy-[CR 3"R4 "]b-C(=0)-.
In certain embodiments, such as in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and the enth specific embodiments, the ate is: wherein r is an integer from 1 to 10, Y is -S0 3M, and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In certain embodiments, such as in the sixteenth, seventeenth, and the nineteenth ic embodiments, the antibody is huMy9-6.
In a twentieth specific embodiment, the cytotoxic compound bonded to the linking group is ented by the following formula: wherein: W is absent, or selected from , -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, - N(C(=0)R )-, -S-, -, or -CH2NR -; R is absent or selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally g a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR 101 ) or tertiary amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5 or 6-membered en containing heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; Zs is linked to the CBA, and is either a bond, or -SRm-; Rm is Rd or a substituted linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms g a ve ester, ed from N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, N- hydroxyphtalimide esters, N-hydroxy sulfo-succinimide esters, para-nitrophenyl esters, dinitrophenyl esters, and pentafluorophenyl esters; Rd is selected from phenyl, nitrophenyl, dinitrophenyl, carboxynitrophenyl, pyridyl or nitropyridyl; and n is an integer from 1 to 24; and the remainder of the variables are as described above in the eighth or the fifteenth specific embodiment.
In a twenty-first specific embodiment, the cytotoxic compound bonded to the linking group is represented by the following formula: wherein: W is absent, or selected from , -N(R )-, -N(R )-C(=0)-, - N(C(=0)R )-, -S-, -CH2-S-, or -CH2NR -; R is absent or selected from a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to carbon atoms; R is -H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to carbon atoms or -(CH2-CH2-0) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a linear, branched cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally bearing a secondary amino (e.g., -NHR101 ) or ry amino (-NR101R102) group or a 5 or 6-membered nitrogen ning heterocycle, such as piperidine or morpholine, wherein R101 and R102 are each independently a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 2 to 6; Zs is linked to the CBA, and is selected from: a bond; q is an integer from 1 to 5 ; and, M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, such as Na+ or K+.
In certain embodiments Zs is represented by any one of the following formulas: In certain embodiments, such as the 2 1st specific embodiment, W is -N(R )-.
In certain embodiments, such as the 2 1st specific embodiment, R is -(CH2-CH2- 0 ) -Rk, wherein Rk is a -H, a , ed cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, such as the 2 1st specific embodiment, Rk is -H or -Me, n is 4, and q is 2 .
In certain embodiments, such as the 2 1st specific embodiment, R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, such as the 2 1st specific embodiment, R is -(CH2)P- (CR R )-, wherein R and R are each independently selected from H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and p is 0, 1, 2 or 3 .
In certain embodiments, such as the 2 1st specific embodiment, R and R are the same or different, and are ed from -H and -Me; and p is 1.
In a twenty-second specific embodiment, the conjugate of a (VHIb') and (Xb') described in the twenty-first specific embodiment, the variables are as described below: Y is -SO3M; M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation (e.g . , Na+); X' and Y' are both -H; A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; and R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
In certain embodiments, such as the 14th to the 2 1st ic embodiment, Y is selected from -SO3M, -S0 2M and a sulfate -OSO3M. Preferably, Y is -SO3M .
Preferably, M is -H, Na+ or K+.
In n embodiments, such as the 14th to the 22nd specific embodiment, W, when present, is C=0.
In certain embodiments, such as the 14 to the 22 ic embodiment^ and Z', when present, are -CH2-.
In certain embodiments, such as the 14th to the 22nd ic embodiment,X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, an optionally substituted linear, ed or cyclic alkyl, l or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, the linking group, and an amine-protecting group. In certain embodiments, X' is -H, -OH, -Me or the linking group. Preferably, X' is -H.
In certain embodiments, such as the 14th to the 22nd specific embodiment,Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or unsubstituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Preferably, Y' is -H or oxo. More preferably, -H.
In certain embodiments, such as the 14th to the 22nd specific embodiment,A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from , -S-, -N(R5)-, and oxo (C=0).
Preferably, A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from -O- and -S-. More preferably, A and A' are .
In certain embodiments, such as the 14th to the 22nd specific embodiment,D and D', when present, are the same or different, and are independently ed from a polyethylene glycol unit (-OCH2CH2) , wherein n is an integer from 1 to 24, an amino acid, a peptide bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, l and alkynyl are ally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR, -NR'COR", -SR and -COR'. Preferably, D and D' are linear or ed alkyl bearing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
In a twenty-third specific embodiment, for nds of formula (Ibb') or (IIBb'), described in the twentieth specific embodiment, the variables are as described below: Y is -SO3M; M is -H or Na+; X' and Y' are both -H; A and A' are both ; R6 is -OMe; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Preferably, R is -(CH2)p-(CR R )-, wherein R and R are each independently selected from -H or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; p is 0, 1, 2 or 3 . More ably, R and R are the same or different, and are selected from -H and - Me; and p is 1.
In a twenty-fourth specific embodiment, the conjugate of the present invention as bed in the fourteenth, fifteenth, or the twenty-first specific embodiment is represented by the following: Y is -SO3M, wherein M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation ( . ., Na+); W is C=0; one of R3, or R3' is optionally the linking group and the other is -H; R6 is -OMe; Z and Z' are -CH2; X' is -H; Y' is -H; and A and A' are .
In any of the specific embodiments for the conjugate of the invention above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, Y is selected from -SO3M, -S0 2M and a sulfate -OS0 3M . Preferably, Y is -S0 3M .
In certain embodiments, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiment,M is -H, Na+ or K+.
In any of the specific embodiments for the conjugate of the invention above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, W, when present, is C=0.
In any of the specific embodiments for the conjugate of the ion above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, Z and Z', when present, are -CH2-.
In any of the ic embodiments for the conjugate of the ion above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, X' is selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, phenyl, the linking group, and an rotecting group. In n ments, X' is -H, -OH, -Me or the linking group. In certain embodiments, X' is -H.
In any of the specific embodiments for the conjugate of the invention above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, Y' is selected from the group consisting of -H, an oxo group, a substituted or tituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, Y' is -H or oxo. In certain embodiments, Y' is -H.
In any of the specific embodiments for the conjugate of the invention above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from , -S-, -, and oxo (C=0). In certain embodiments, A and A' are the same or different, and are selected from -O- and -S-. In certain embodiments, A and A' are .
In any of the specific embodiments for the conjugate of the invention above, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, D and D', when present, are the same or different, and are independently selected from a hylene glycol unit (- OCH 2CH 2)n, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 24, an amino acid, a e bearing 2 to 6 amino acids, or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OR, - NR'COR", -SR and -COR'. In certain embodiments, D and D' are linear or branched alkyl bearing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
In certain ments, the conjugate of any one of the described embodiments, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, may comprise 1-10 cytotoxic compounds, 2-9 cytotoxic compounds, 3-8 cytotoxic compounds, 4-7 cytotoxic compounds, or 5-6 cytotoxic compounds, each cytotoxic compound sing the linking group linking the cytotoxic compound to the CBA, and each cytotoxic compound on the conjugate is the same.
In certain embodiments, the conjugate of any one of the described embodiments, such as the 14th to the 24th ic embodiments, may comprise 1-10 cytotoxic compounds, 2-9 cytotoxic nds, 3-8 cytotoxic compounds, 4-7 cytotoxic compounds, or 5-6 cytotoxic compounds, each cytotoxic compound comprising the linking group g the cytotoxic compound to the CBA, and each cytotoxic nd on the ate is the same.
In n embodiments, the conjugate of any one of the described embodiments, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, may comprise 1-10 total cytotoxic compounds and (unmodified) imine-containing xic compounds, 2-9 total cytotoxic compounds and (unmodified) imine-containing cytotoxic compounds, 3-8 total cytotoxic compounds and (unmodified) imine-containing cytotoxic nds, 4-7 total cytotoxic compounds and (unmodified) imine-containing cytotoxic compounds, or 5-6 total cytotoxic compounds and (unmodified) imine-containing cytotoxic compounds, each cytotoxic compounds or (unmodified) imine-containing cytotoxic compound comprising the linking group linking the the cytotoxic compounds or (unmodified) imine-containing cytotoxic compound to the CBA, and each cytotoxic compounds or (unmodified) iminecontaining cytotoxic compound on the conjugate is the same (except for the fite) modification).
In any of the conjugates embodiments, such as the 14th to the 24th specific embodiments, the cell-binding agent may bind to target cells selected from tumor cells, virus infected cells, microorganism infected cells, parasite infected cells, mune cells, activated cells, myeloid cells, activated T-cells, B cells, or melanocytes; cells expressing the CD4, CD6, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD33, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD44, CD56, EpCAM, CanAg, CALLA, or Her-2 antigens; Her-3 antigens; or cells expressing insulin growth factor receptor, mal growth factor receptor, and folate receptor.
In any of the conjugates embodiments, such as the 14th to the 24th specific ments, the cell-binding agent may be an dy, a single chain antibody, an antibody fragment that specifically binds to the target cell, a onal antibody, a single chain monoclonal dy, or a monoclonal antibody fragment that specifically binds the a target cell, a chimeric antibody, a chimeric dy fragment that specifically binds to the target cell, a domain antibody, a domain antibody fragment that ically binds to the target cell, a lymphokine, a hormone, a n, a growth factor, a colony stimulating factor, or a nutrient-transport molecule.
The antibody may be a resurfaced antibody, a resurfaced single chain antibody, or a resurfaced antibody nt.
The antibody may be a monoclonal antibody, a single chain monoclonal antibody, or a monoclonal dy fragment thereof.
The antibody may be a humanized antibody, a humanized single chain antibody, or a humanized antibody fragment.
In any one of the specific ment herein, such as the 1st - 24th specific embodiments, the imine reactive reagent is selected from the group consisting of sulfites (H2S0 3, H2S0 2 or a salt of HS0 2 3 , S0 3 or HS0 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- thiophosphates (PO3SH3, PO2S2H3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of P0 3S3 , P0 2S23 , POS33 or PS4 formed with a cation), thio ate esters ((R O)2PS(OR ), R SH, R^OH, R^C^H, R^OsH), various amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g., NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g., NH2NH2), NH2O-R1, R^NH-R , NH2-R'), NH2-CO-NH2, NH2-C(=S)-NH2'thiosulfate (H2S20 3 or a salt of S2O32- formed with a cation), dithionite (H2S20 4 or a salt of S20 42- formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=0)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), hydrazide (RkCONHNH 2), dehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2H or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2SO2 Na+), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP- mannose), fludarabine or a e thereof, wherein R1and R1 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; R and R can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
Preferably, the imine reactive reagent is ed from sulfites, hydroxylamine, ine and urea. More preferably, the imine ve reagent is NaHS0 3 or KHSO3.
In any one of the specific ment herein, such as the 1st - 24th specific embodiments, about 0.1 to about 30 molar equivalents of the imine reactive reagent to the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is used. In certain embodiments, about 1 to about 10 molar equivalents of the imine reactive reagent to the imine-containing cytotoxic compound is used. In n embodiments, about 3 to about 5 molar equivalents of the imine reactive reagent to the imine-containing xic compound is used.
In any one of the ic ment herein, such as the 1st - 24th specific embodiments, the bifunctional crosslinking agent links the cytotoxic agent to the cellbinding agent through a thioether bond, and may have a maleimido- or haloacetyl-based moiety, wherein the bifunctional crosslinking agent having the maleimido-based moiety is selected from: N-succinimidyl 4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylate (SMCC), N-succinimidyl(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-l-carboxy-(6-amidocaproate) (LC-SMCC), imidoundecanoic acid N-succinimidyl ester (KMUA), g - maleimidobutyric acid N-succinimidyl ester (GMBS), e-maleimidocaproic acid N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (EMCS), m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS), N-(a-maleimidoacetoxy)-succinimide ester (AMAS), succinimidyl(P- maleimidopropionamido)hexanoate (SMPH), N-succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)- butyrate (SMPB), N-(p-maleimidophenyl)isocyanate (PMPI), N -succinimidyl(4- yridyldithio)butanoate; and, wherein the bifunctional crosslinking agent having the haloacetyl-based moiety is selected from: N-succinimidyl(iodoacetyl)- aminobenzoate (SIAB), N-succinimidyl iodoacetate (SIA), inimidyl bromoacetate (SBA), and N-succinimidyl 3-(bromoacetamido)propionate (SBAP), bismaleimidopolyethyleneglycol (BMPEO), BM(PEO) 2, BM(PEO) 3, N-(bmaleimidopropyloxy )succinimide ester (BMPS), 5-maleimidovaleric acid NHS, HBVS, 4-(4-N-maleimidophenyl)-butyric acid hydrazide HCl (MPBH), Succinimidyl-(4- vinylsulfonyl)benzoate (SVSB), dithiobis-maleimidoethane (DTME), s- maleimidobutane (BMB), l,4-bismaleimidyl-2,3-dihydroxybutane (BMDB), bismaleimidohexane (BMH), bis-maleimidoethane (BMOE), sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N- maleimido-methyl)cyclohexane-l-carboxylate -SMCC), sulfosuccinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl )aminobenzoate (sulfo-SIAB), m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester (sulfo-MBS), N-(y-maleimidobutryloxy)sulfosuccinimde ester (sulfo-GMBS), N- (e-maleimidocaproyloxy)sulfosuccimido ester (sulfo-EMCS), N-(k- maleimidoundecanoyloxy)sulfosuccinimide ester -KMUS), sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate (sulfo-SMPB), CXl-1, sulfo-Mal and PEG -Mal.
In certain embodiments, the bifunctional crosslinking agent is ed from the group consisting of SMCC, Sulfo-SMCC, BMPS, GMBS, SIA, SIAB, N -succinimidyl- 4-(4-nitropyridyldithio)butanoate, bis-maleimidohexane or BMPEO.
In any of the embodiments, such as the 1st - 24th ic embodiments, the conjugate is purified by tangential flow tion, adsorptive chromatography, adsorptive filtration, selective precipitation, non-absorptive filtration or combination thereof.
Preferably, the conjugate is purified by tangential flow filtration and/or adsorptive tography.
In certain embodiments, such as the 1st - 24th specific embodiments, the nding agent (CBA) g the thiol-reactive group is: The compounds or the ates made by the methods of the invention specifically include: WO 12687 ’OwONOwN’XS‘SWN antlbody. [ zOWONOWN/XS‘SWNsogH H antibody [ 0 O N’Vlm anti body Sillwfl’OwONOwN/VYNwlwb n r is an integer from 1 to 10, Y is —H or -SO3M, and M is —H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In a 25th specific ment, the invention es a method for preparing a conjugate of th following formula: the method comprising reacting a cytotoxic compound of the following formula, with a modified CBA of the following formula, respectively, at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: r is an integer from 1 to 10; Y is a leaving group, and is a sulfite (HSO 3, HS0 2 or a salt of HSO 3 , SO3 or HSO 2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a ), mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra- thiophosphate (PO 3SH3, PO2S2H2, POS 3H2, PS4H2 or a salt of P0 3 , P0 3 , POS 3 3S 2S2 3 or PS4 formed with a cation), thio phosphate ester (R O)2PS(OR ), R S-, R SO, R S0 2, S0 , lfate (HS 2O3 or a salt of S2O3 formed with a cation), dithionite (HS 20 4 or a salt of S20 42 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk')(S)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (Rk OH or a salt formed with a cation), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH 2SO2 or a salt of HOCH 2SO2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH +) or a mixture thereof, 2SO2 Na wherein R1is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and is substituted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -CO 2H , -SO 3H , and -PO 3H ; R1can be further optionally substituted with a tuent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl; preferably Y is -SO 3M ; and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In certain embodiments, Y is -SO3M; and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable .
In certain ments, the cytotoxic compound is produced by reacting an imine reactive reagent with an imine-containing cytotoxic compound of the following formula: In certain embodiments, the CBA is huMy9-6.
In a 26th specific embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a conjugate of the following formula: the method comprising reacting the CBA with an imine-containing cytotoxic compound, an imine ve reagent, and a bifunctional crosslinking agent comprising the linking group to form the conjugate, wherein: the i the bifunctional crosslinking agent is: , respectively, and, the imine reactive reagent is selected from: sulfites (H2SO3, H2SO2 or a salt of HSO3 , SO32- or HSO2 formed with a cation), metabisulfite (H2S2O5 or a salt of S2O5 formed with a cation), mono, di, tri, and tetra- thiophosphates (PO3SH3, 3, POS3H3, PS4H3 or a salt of P0 3S3 , P0 2S2 , POS33 or PS4 formed with a cation), thio phosphate esters ((P O PS OR ), R^H, PJSOH, R'S0 2H, R'S0 3H), various amines (hydroxyl amine (e.g., NH2OH), hydrazine (e.g., NH2NH2), \ R^NH-R , NH2-R'), NH2-CO-NH2, NH2-C(=S)-NH2' thiosulfate (H2S20 3 or a salt of S2C "3 formed with a cation), dithionite (H2S20 4 or a salt of S20 4 formed with a cation), phosphorodithioate (P(=S)(ORk)(SH)(OH) or a salt thereof formed with a cation), hydroxamic acid (RkC(=0)NHOH or a salt formed with a cation), hydrazide (RkCONHNH2), formaldehyde sulfoxylate (HOCH2S0 2H or a salt of HOCH2S0 2 formed with a cation, such as HOCH2S0 2 Na+), glycated nucleotide (such as GDP-mannose), fludarabine or a mixture thereof, wherein R1and R1 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and are tuted with at least one substituent selected from -N(R )2, -C0 2H, -SO3H, and -PO3H; R and R can be further optionally substituted with a substituent for an alkyl described herein; R is a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Rk is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or l having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl.
In certain embodiments, Y is -SO3M; and M is -H or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
In certain embodiments, the CBA is huMy9-6.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY OF COMPOUNDS AND ATES The cytotoxic compounds and cell-binding agent-drug conjugates produced by the methods of the invention can be evaluated for their ability to suppress eration of various cancer cell lines in vitro. For e, cell lines such as the human colon carcinoma line COLO 205, the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RH-30, and the le a cell line MOLP-8 can be used for the assessment of cytotoxicity of these nds and conjugates. Cells to be evaluated can be exposed to the compounds or conjugates for 1-5 days and the surviving fractions of cells measured in direct assays by known methods. IC values can then be calculated from the results of the assays.
Alternatively or in addition, an in vitro cell line sensitivity screen, such as the one described by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (see Voskoglou-Nomikos et al., 2003, Clinical Cancer Res. 9 : 4239, incorporated herein by reference) can be used as one of the guides to determine the types of cancers that may be sensitive to ent with the compounds or conjugates produced by the methods of the invention.
Examples of in vitro potency and target specificity of antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates produced by the methods of the present invention is shown in . All of the conjugates are extremely cytotoxic on the antigen positive cancer cells with an IC in the low picomolar range. Antigen ve cell lines remained viable when exposed to the same conjugates. The indolinobenzodiazepine dimers showed target specific potency being 160 fold less potent when blocked with unconjugated dy huMy9-6 (anti-CD33) () and 40 less potent when blocked with unconjugated dy FOLR1 (anti-folate receptor antibody) (result not shown). For example, the huMy9 SPDB-lf conjugate bearing the bisulfite adducts killed antigen positive HL60/QC cells with an IC value of 10.5 pM, while the addition of an excess of unconjugated huMy9-6 antibody reduced this cytotoxic effect (IC = 1.69 nM), demonstrating antigen specificity (A). In on, the 6-SPDB -lf conjugate is also highly potent towards both the TCC cell line with an IC value of 2 1 pM and the NB-4 cell line with an IC value of 190 pM (FIGS. 17B and 17C).
The effect of conjugation on antibody binding was measured by comparing the binding of both unconjugated huMy9-6 antibody and the huMy9SPDB -lf conjugate s the HL60/QC cell line (). FACS analysis revealed that there is no change in binding capability of the conjugate to naked antibody indicating that there is no mise in binding due to conjugation of the cytotoxic agent to the dy.
In one example, in vivo efficacy of a cell binding agent/cytotoxic agent conjugate was measured. Nude mice bearing human C tumors were treated with huMy9- 6-SPDB-lf conjugate and significant tumor regression was observed at multiple doses while untreated mice grew tumors rapidly (). Activity was ed at doses as low as 20 g/kg which is at least 35-fold lower than the maximum tolerated dose.
The effect of imine saturation towards tolerability is shown in Table 9 . Di-imine huFOLRl-drugl was tested at multiple doses all of which were found to be highly toxic leaving only survivors in the lowest group tested at 50 g kg. In contrast the partially reduced mono-imine huFOLRl-drug2 and l-SPDB-IGN (huFOLRl-SPDB -lf) conjugates were found to have significantly improved tolerability with the l- SPDB-IGN (huFOLRl-SPDB -lf) conjugate showing 100% animal survival at the highest doses tested of 560 g kg.
EXEMPLICATION EXAMPLE 1 Humanized My9-6 antibody at 2 mg/ml was conjugated with 9 molar equivalents of 2-NHS ester und 2) for 3 hrs at 25°C in 85% PBS, pH 7.4, containing 15% DMA (v/v) and then purified over a G25 ing column in PBS, pH 7.4, to remove unreacted or hydrolyzed, unconjugated drug. The conjugate was dialyzed in 10 mM Histidine, 250 mM Glycine, pH 6.5 buffer, containing 1% sucrose. The conjugate drug/antibody ratio (DAR) was determined as 1.4 DAR based on UV absorbance at 280 and 320 nm and calculation using the extinction coefficients of the drug and antibody at 280 nm and 320 nm.
The conjugate was analyzed for monomer % by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) on a TSK-Gel G300SWXL column (7.8 mm x 300 mm, 5 mih particle size) using an isocratic mobile phase of 400 mm sodium perchlorate, 150 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, at 1 ml/min. The percentage of monomer (% monomer) and aggregate were determined by monitoring the UV absorbance of all antibody species at 280 nm and measuring the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of each antibody peak. Additionally, the percentage (%) of 2 drug on both the monomer and the aggregate were determined by monitoring the UV absorbance of all antibody species at 320 nm and 280 nm and measuring the AUC of each antibody peak. The % monomer of the huMy9-6 -2 ate containing 1.4 DAR was 9 1 % . The % 2 on the monomer was 80%.
For free (unconjugated) drug assay, the conjugate was acetone extracted to remove n, dried, and reconstituted in mobile phase and injected onto a VYDAC 208TP C8 reverse phase HPLC column (4.6 x 250 mm, 7 mih particle size) using a linear gradient of 20% acetonitrile and 80% deionized going up to 100% acetonitrile, all ning 0.025% acetic acid, at 1 ml/min over 48 min and ed to drug-methyl ester standards. The percentage of free, unconjugated drug in the conjugate was determined as < 1 % of conjugated drug.
The huMy9-6 -2 conjugate with 1.4 drug/antibody ratio (DAR) was ed by mass spectrometry (MS) after deglycosylation (). The MS of the ate showed unconjugated antibody (DO) as the largest peak, with a r D l peak (antibody with 1 linked drug), and much smaller D2 and D3 peaks of 2 and 3 linked drugs per antibody. The efficiency of conjugation was low with a conjugate DAR of 1.4 after conjugation with 9-fold molar excess of 2-NHS ester over antibody.
EXAMPLE 2 For the conjugation of 2-NHS ester (compound 2) using sodium bisulfite, the 2- NHS ester (compound 2) was pre-incubated with 0.9 molar equivalents of sodium bisulfite (freshly prepared NaHS0 3 in zed water) in 66% DMA hylacetamide) in water for 30 min at 25°C. HuMy9-6 antibody at 2 mg/ml was conjugated with 9 molar lents of 2-NHS ester (with added NaHS0 3) for 3 h at °C in 85% PBS, pH 7.4, 15% DMA (v/v) and then purified over a G25 desalting column in PBS, pH 7.4 to remove unreacted or hydrolyzed drug. The conjugate was dialyzed in 10 mM histidine, 250 mM glycine, 1% sucrose, pH 6.5 buffer.
The DAR of the huMy9-6 -2 conjugate prepared using sodium bisulfite was ed by UV spectrophotometry at 280 and 320 nm and calculated to be 3.1 DAR.
The % monomer of the conjugate was 95% and the % 2 on the monomer was 91%. The MS of the conjugate prepared using sodium bisulfite following deglycosylation showed the largest peak of D l with one linked drug, and also D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 peaks with 2- 6 linked drugs per antibody (FIG. IB).
The huMy9-6 -2 conjugate ed with sodium bisulfite showed a much greater drug incorporation of 3.1 DAR than the conjugate with 1.4 DAR prepared without sodium bisulfite. The MS of the 3.1 DAR conjugate prepared with sodium bisulfite showed conjugate peaks of 1-6 linked drugs with the highest Dl peak with 1 linked drug. In st, the MS of the 1.4 DAR conjugate prepared without sodium bisulfite showed the t peak of unconjugated antibody (DO) and much smaller Dl, D2 and D3 linked drug conjugate peaks. The drug% on the monomer for the huMy9-6 -2 ate prepared with sodium bisulfite was 91%, which was higher than the 80% drug on the monomer for the huMy9-6 -2 conjugate prepared without sodium bisulfite. The overall conjugate quality for the huMy9-6 -2 conjugate prepared with sodium bisulfite, therefore, was much superior than by the ional conjugation procedure without sodium bisulfite.
The conjugations of NHS esters of several drugs (1, 2, 3, and 4) with antibody were med in the presence of sodium bisulfite (NaHS0 3) and were compared with the traditional conjugation method t NaHS0 3. The results are shown in Table 16.
In all cases, the addition of sodium bisulfite in the conjugation showed conjugates with significantly better quality of higher DAR and higher % drug on monomer than conjugates prepared without the addition of sodium bisulfite.
TABLE 16. Comparisons of conjugations of antibody with l HS esters without or with added sodium bisulfite (NaHSOs) The huMy9-6 -2 conjugate prepared with sodium bisulfite showed a r in vitro cytotoxicity to the conjugate prepared t sodium bisulfite (. Therefore a better quality conjugate of higher DAR and higher % drug on monomer was prepared using sodium bisulfite without any loss of xic potency. An anti-CD22 antibody-2 conjugate prepared with sodium bisulfite showed a similar in vitro cytotoxicity to the conjugate prepared without sodium bisulfite (.
The huMy9-6 -2 conjugate prepared using sodium ite was analyzed by nonreducing SDS-PAGE using a gel chip analyzer. The conjugate showed only the intact antibody band; no heavy and light chain bands were observed, showing an unexpected advantage that the added sodium bisulfite did not cause any unwanted reduction of native interchain disulfide bonds in the antibody. 2-NHS ester or SPDB-NHS esters of 3, 4, 1, and 5 were pre-incubated with 0.5 to 3 molar equivalents of sodium ite (freshly prepared NaHS03 in deionized water) in 66-98% DMA (dimethylacetamide) in water from 15 min to 4 h at 25 C . Some of these reactions were also left overnight at 4 C and used for ations 20 h later.
The 2-NHS ester in DMA treated with sodium bisulfite or without added sodium bisulfite was analyzed by HPLC using a VYDAC C8 reversed phase column with a linear gradient of 20% acetonitrile and 80% deionized water going upto 100% acetonitrile, all containing 0.025% acetic acid, at 1 ml/min over 48 min. As shown in parent 2-NHS ester eluted at -23 min. After 30 min of treatment with 0.9 molar equivalents of NaHS0 3 in 66% DMA in water at 25 C, a majority of the 2-NHS was converted into the sulfonated, more polar form that eluted at -14 min. Unexpectedly, no undesirable peak of sulfonated hydrolyzed 2 was observed. Therefore, a singly favorable reaction of sodium bisulfite toward addition to the imine bond without reaction with the NHS ester was observed. rly drug NHS esters are treated with imine reactive reagents other than sodium bisulfite before conjugation with antibody. An alternative conjugation approach is to treat a mixture of drug-NHS ester and antibody with sodium bisulfite or other imine ve reagent.
EXAMPLE 3 The disulfide-linked antibody-SPDB -1 conjugate was prepared using synthesized 1-SPDB-NHS ester (compound lc). The 1-SPDB-NHS ester was pre-treated with 3 molar equivalents of sodium bisulfite (using a freshly prepared NaHS0 3 solution in water) in 96-98% DMA in water for 4-5 h at 25 C . The sodium ite-treated 1- HS ester in DMA was analyzed using VYDAC C8 reversed phase-HPLC column using a linear gradient of 20% acetonitrile and 80% deionized water containing 0.025% acetic acid at 1 ml/min for 48 min. The reversed phase HPLC analysis showed only the desired reaction of bisulfite addition to the imine bond without the undesired reaction of bisulfite with the NHS ester.
For conjugation, a humanized dy at 2 mg/ml was reacted with 5-7 molar equivalents of 1-SPDB-NHS ester (pre-treated with NaHS0 3) for 6 h at 25°C in 85% PBS, pH 7.4, aqueous buffer containing 15% N ,/V-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and then purified over a G25 gel filtration column in PBS, pH 7.4, to remove unreacted or hydrolyzed drug. The zed antibody-SPDB -1 ates were dialyzed in 10 mM Histidine, 250 mM Glycine, 1% sucrose, pH 6.5 buffer. The drug/antibody ratio (DAR) of the conjugates were measured to be 2.2-2.9 by UV absorbance measurements at 280 and 320 nm and using the extinction coefficients of the drug and antibody at 280 nm and 320 nm. The percentage of monomer in the conjugate ation was determined by SEC (Size ion Chromatography) as 90%. Based on the UV absorbance of the r peak in SEC it was also demonstrated that the monomer conjugate peak had linked drug molecules. The unconjugated drug % by acetone extraction and reversedphase HPLC was shown to be less than 1%.
The MS of the deglycosylated antibody-SPDB -1 conjugates prepared with sodium bisulfite added before conjugation showed a much superior conjugate than that obtained without sodium bisulfite conjugation (. The MS of the conjugate prepared t sodium bisulfite had an average of 1.4 1/Ab and antibody species with up to three linked 1 molecules (). In contrast, the MS of the conjugate prepared with sodium bisulfite showed an average of 2.5 1/Ab and antibody species with up to seven linked 1 molecules ().
The disulfide-linked antibody-SPDB -1 conjugate prepared using sodium bisulfite showed only intact antibody band by non-reducing GE gel chip analysis. The gel chip assay was performed using Agilent Protein 230 Protein Chip and analyzed using an Agilent 2300 Bioanalyzer. No heavy and light chain bands were observed, showing an cted advantage that the added sodium ite did not cause any unwanted reduction of native antibody-interchain disulfide bonds (.
The linked drug obtained in the dy-SPDB -1 ate prepared using sodium ite also demonstrated surprisingly that the disulfide linker in the conjugate was stable to the added sodium bisulfite.
EXAMPLE 4 For conjugate ation, l f-SPDB-NHS ester (compound lc, was pre- ted with 3 molar equivalents of sodium bisulfite (freshly prepared NaHS0 3 in deionized water) in 96% DMA (dimethylacetamide) in water for 5 h at 25 C and then incubated overnight at 4 C until needed for conjugation. Humanized antibody at 2-3 mg/ml was derivatized with 8 molar equivalents of l f-SPDB-NHS ester in the absence or presence of sodium bisulfite (-/+ NaHS0 3) for 4 h at 25°C in 95% 50 mM HEPES, pH 8.5, aqueous buffer ning 5% DMA (v/v) and then both were purified over G25 desalting columns into PBS, pH 7.4, to remove unreacted, hydrolyzed drug. The conjugates were dialyzed in 10 mM histidine, 250 mM glycine, 1% sucrose, pH 6.5 buffer. The conjugate DAR was measured by UV spectrophotometry at 280 and 320 nm. The monomer % and % drug on the monomer in the conjugate were determined by SEC. The unconjugated drug in the conjugate was determined by reverse phase HPLC after acetone extraction. These conjugations were performed with several humanized antibodies.
EXAMPLE 5 To conjugate drug thiols with reactive disulfide linker incorporated in antibody, humanized mAb at 8 mg/ml is derivatized with 4-6 molar equivalents of SPDB hetrobifunctional linker for 1.5 h at 25 °C in 90% PBS, pH 7.5, aqueous buffer with 5% DMA (v/v) and then purified over a G25 desalting column into 35 mM citrate, 2 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl, pH 5.5 buffer to remove unreacted, hydrolyzed linker. The LAR r antibody ratio) is measured by UV absorbance at 280 and 343 nm without and with added 50 mM threitol (to measure total antibody and releasable SPy). The SPDB-modified antibody at 2 mg/ml is reacted with 2 molar equivalents of sodium bisulfite-treated drug thiol per linker for 2 to 20 h at 25°C in 85-90% of 50 mM potassium phosphate, 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 buffer and then purified over a G25 desalting column in PBS, pH 7.4, to remove unreacted, hydrolyzed drug. The DAR of the antibody-SPDB-drug conjugate is ed by UV absorbance at 280 and 320 nm and the percentage of monomer and the percentage of drug on the monomer in the conjugate preparation is determined by SEC.
EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of huMy9sulfo-SPDB -l (2-step method) My9sulfo-SPDB-1 A reaction containing 6 mg/mL huMy9-6 antibody and 9 molar equivalents SPDB linker (20 mM stock in DMA) was incubated for 3 h at 25 °C in 50 mM EPPS buffer pH 8. Unreacted linker was d using a NAP desalting column (Illustra ex G-25 DNA Grade, GE Healthcare) and the linker to antibody ratio (LAR) was determined to be 3.7 based on antibody concentration and DTT-released ridine concentration by UV-Vis (£343 = 8,080 cm^M 1 for 2-thiopyridone).
SPDB modified huMy9-6 was diluted to 2 mg/ml in 50 mM EPPS pH 8.5, % v/v DMA, and reacted with 2 molar equivalents of compound Id per linker (5 mM stock in DMA; 7.4 equivalents per antibody) for 3 h at 25 °C.
Post-reaction, the conjugate was ed and buffer exchanged into 250 mM Glycine, 10 mM Histidine, 1% sucrose, 0.01% Tween-20, 50mM sodium bisulfite at pH 6.2 using a desalting column (G-25 Sephadex, fine grade, GE Healthcare).
The purified conjugate was found to have an average of 2.9 compound 1 molecules linked per antibody (by UV-Vis using molar extinction coefficients m= ,484 cm_1M_1 and 2 o nm= 30, 115 cm_1M_1 for compound 1, and 280 nm= 207,000 cm M_1 for My9-6 antibody), 97.8% monomer (by size exclusion chromatography), <1% unconjugated compound 1 (by acetone extraction/reverse-phase HPLC), a 60% yield based on the amount of the dy used, and an 18% overall yield based on the amount of compound Id used. The conjugate made using this method could be concentrated (by stirred cell or Amicon centrifugal filter device) to >3 mg/ml without conjugate itation.
EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of huMy9SPDB -l SPDB-1 Method 1 (One-step reagent method): A reaction containing 2 mg/mL huMy9-6 antibody and 7 molar equivalents 1- SPDB-NHS (pretreated with 5-fold excess of sodium bisulfite in 90:10 DMA:water, v/v for 1 h at 25 °C and then overnight at 4 °C) in 50 mM HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-lpiperazine ethanesulfonic acid) pH 8.5 buffer and 10% v/v DMA (N,N- Dimethylacetamide) ent was allowed to te for 3 h at 25 °C.
Post-reaction, the conjugate was ed and buffer exchanged into 250 mM Glycine, 10 mM Histidine, 1% sucrose, 0.01% Tween, 50 mM sodium bisulfite ation buffer, using NAP desalting columns (Illustra Sephadex G-25 DNA Grade, GE Healthcare). Dialysis was performed in the same buffer for 4 hours at room temperature utilizing Slide-a-Lyzer dialysis tes (ThermoScientific 20,000 MWCO).
The purified ate was found to have an average of 4.0 compound 1 molecules linked per dy (by UV-Vis using molar extinction coefficients m= ,484 cm_1M_1 and 280 nm= 30, 115 cm_1M_1 for compound 1, and 280 nm= 207,000 cm for My9-6 antibody), 92% monomer (by size exclusion chromatography, TSK3000, TOSOH Biosciences), <1% unconjugated compound 1 (by acetone extraction/reverse- phase HPLC) a 72% yield based on the amount of the antibody used, a 40% overall yield based on the amount of 1-SPDB-NHS used, and a final protein concentration of 1.0 mg/ml.
Method 2 (two-step method): A reaction containing 4.8 mg/mL huMy9-6 antibody and 6 molar equivalents SPDB linker (18.5 mM stock in ethanol) was incubated for 3 h at 25 °C in PBS pH 7.4.
Unreacted linker was removed using a NAP desalting column (Illustra Sephadex G-25 DNA Grade, GE Healthcare) and the linker to antibody ratio (LAR) was ined to be 4.0 based on antibody concentration and DTT-released 2-thiopyridone concentration by UV-Vis (e = 8,080 cm^M 1 for 2-thiopyridone). 343 nm SPDB modified huMy9-6 was diluted to 2 mg/ml in 50 mM EPPS pH 8.5, 10% v/v DMA and reacted with 1.75 molar equivalents of nd Id per linker (5 mM stock in DMA; 7 equivalents per antibody) for 3 h at 25 °C. eaction, the conjugate was purified and buffer exchanged into 250 mM Glycine, 10 mM Histidine, 1% sucrose, 0.01% Tween-20, 50mM sodium bisulfite at pH 6.2 using a desalting column (Illustra Sephadex G-25 DNA Grade, GE Healthcare).
The purified conjugate was found to have an average of 3.8 compound 1 molecules linked per dy (by UV-Vis using molar extinction cients e nm= ,484 cm_1M_1 and 2 onm= 30,115 cm_1M_1 for compound 1, and 2 onm= 207,000 cm for My9-6 antibody), 91.6% monomer (by size exclusion tography, TSK3000, TOSOH Biosciences), <1% unconjugated compound 1 (by acetone extraction/reverse-phase HPLC), a 40% yield based on the amount of the antibody used, a 22% l yield based on the amount of compound Id used, and a final protein concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.
EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of huMy9CX 11 huMy9CX11 Method 1 (in-situ one-step t method): A DMA solution containing 1.9 n M compound Id, 1 mM CXl-1 heterobifunctional linker with oxysuccinimide (NHS) and maleimide groups, and mM diisopropyl ethyl amine (DIPEA) was allowed to react at ambient temperature for 8 min. Then 3 mM maleimido propionic acid (MPA) was added to quench excess compound Id. The 1-CXl-l-NHS reaction mixture was stored frozen at -80°C, and later upon thawing was added in two portions to a buffered solution of huMy9-6 at 25 °C (2 mg/ml, 100 mM EPPS, pH 8.0, 10% v/v DMA); 4.8 molar equivalents per antibody (based on linker concentration) followed by 4.2 equivalents 30 min later. After 2 h reaction, the conjugate was purified and buffer ged into 250 mM Glycine, 10 mM Histidine, 1% sucrose, 0.01 Tween-20, 50 mM sodium bisulfite at pH 6.2 using a desalting column (Quick-spin protein, G-25 fine resin, , dialysis, and y 0.22 mih sterile filtration.
The ed conjugate was found to have an average of 3.3 compound 1 les linked per antibody (by UV-Vis using molar extinction coefficients = ,484 cm_1M_1 and 2 o nm = 30,115 cm_1M_1 for compound 1, and 2 o nm = 207,000 cm for My9-6 antibody), 95% monomer (by size ion chromatography, TSK3000, TOSOH Biosciences), <1% unconjugated compound 1 (by acetone extraction/reversephase HPLC), a 45% yield based on the amount of the antibody used, a 17% overall yield based on the amound of compound Id used, and a final protein concentration of 0.7 mg/ml.
Method 2 (one-step method): To a buffered solution of huMy9-6 antibody (2 mg/ml, 50 mM EPPS, pH 8.5, 8% v/v DMA) was added 14 molar equivalents compound Id (5 mM stock in DMA) ed by 7 molar equivalents of CXl-1 linker (15 mM stock solution in ethanol) and incubated for 3 h at 25 °C.
Post-reaction, the conjugate was purified and buffer exchanged into 250 mM Glycine, 10 mM Histidine, 1% sucrose, 0.01% Tween-20, 50 mM sodium bisulfite at pH 6.2 using a desalting column (Illustra Sephadex G-25 DNA Grade, GE Healthcare), followed by 2 x dialysis at 4 °C in Slide-a-Lyzer dialysis cassettes (ThermoScientific ,000 MWCO).
The purified conjugate was found to have an average of 3.4 compund 1 molecules linked per dy (by UV-Vis using molar extinction coefficients m = ,484 cm_1M_1 and 2 onm = 30,115 cm_1M_1 for compound 1, and 280 nm = 207,000 cm for My9-6 dy), 90% monomer (by size exclusion chromatography, TSK3000, TOSOH Biosciences), <1% ugated compound 1 (by acetone tion/reversephase HPLC), a 44% yield based on the amount of the antibody used, an 11% overall yield based on the amount of compound Id used, and a final protein concentration of 1.48 mg/ml.
EXAMPLE 9 MS analysis of deglycosylated SPDB -lf My9SPDB -lf was made either by conjugating an NHS ester ning compound If directly to antibody lysines (i.e., one-step t method as described above), or by conjugating compound Id to a dithiopyridine modified antibody (i.e., two- step method as described above). Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the deglycosylated SPDB -lf were then carried out as above.
The one-step t method gave a conjugate with 0-9 compound If modifications, an tric conjugated drug distribution, and a significant amount of unconjugated anitbody. On the other hand, the conjugate made by the two-step method had an MS profile with 0-6 compound If modifications, a symmetric conjugated drug distribution, and very little unconjugated antibody. See . Both conjugates had a similar average compound l f/antibody ratio of ~4 by UV-vis analysis.
EXAMPLE 10 pH Effect on Two-Step Sysnthesis of My9sulfo-SPDB -l MS data for My9sulfo-SPDB -lf made using a two-step method under different pH conditions was shown in . y, My9sulfoSPDB (3.7 linker/antibody) was reacted with 3 lents of compound Id per linker (or about 11.1 equivalents per antibody) for 18 h at pH 6, 7, 8, and 8.5. The MS data showed a decrease in unreacted linker (260 amu satellite peaks) with increasing reaction pH. Thus it appeared that pH affects the conjugation reaction in the synthesis of the My9sulfo- SPDB-lf conjugate. Specifically, a pH of > 8 is ed for compound Id to fully react with the sulfo-SPDB linker on the antibody.
EXAMPLE 11 Effect of Compound / Linker Ratio on Two-Step Sysnthesis of chKTI-sulfo-SPDB -1 shows MS data for chKTI-sulfo-SPDB -1 made using a two-step method with different compound Id / linker ratios. chKTI-sulfoSPDB (3.7 linker/antibody) was reacted with 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 or 2 equivalents of compound Id per linker for 3 h, at 25 °C, pH 8.5. The MS showed a decrease in unreacted linker (260 amu satellite peaks) with increasing equivalents of compound Id per linker. It appeared that under this condition, a compound Id / linker ratio of >1.3 is required to fully react with the SPDB linker on the antibody. Increasing the equivalents of compound Id above 1.5 per linker led to increased dy fragmentation (14-19%) while 1.1-1.3 compound Id / linker did not cause significant dy fragmentation.
EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of Antibody-SPDB-drug Conjugate Compound l c was pre-treated with 3 molar equivalents of sodium bisulfite (using a freshly prepared NaHS0 3 solution in water) in 96-98% DMA in water for 4-5 hrs at 25 C. For conjugation, the humanized antibody at 2 mg/mL was reacted with 5-7 molar equivalents of compound l c (pre-treated with NaHS0 3) for 6 h at 25 C in 85- 90% PBS, pH 7.4, aqueous , or 50 mM HEPES, pH 8.5, aqueous buffer, containing 10-15% N,N -dimethylacetamide (DMA) and then purified over a G25 gel filtration column in PBS, pH 7.4, to remove unreacted or hydrolyzed drug compound.
The zed antibody-SPDB-drug conjugates were dialyzed in 10 mM Histidine, 250 mM Glycine, 1% e, pH 6.5 buffer. The Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR) of the conjugates were measured to be 2.2-2.9 by UV absorbance measurements at 280 and 320 nm and using the extinction cients of the drug and antibody at 280 nm (215,000 M^cm 1) and 320 nm (9137 M^cm 1) . The percentage of monomer in the ates were determined as >90% by SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography) using TSK-Gel G300SWXL column (7.8 mm x 300 mm, 5 mih particle size). Based on the UV absorbance of the monomer peak in SEC it was also demonstrated that the monomer conjugate peaks had linked drug molecules. For free (unconjugated) drug assay, the conjugate was acetone ted to remove n, dried, and reconstituted in mobile phase and injected onto a VYDAC 208TP C8 reverse phase HPLC column (4.6 x 250 mm, 7 mih particle size) and compared to standards. The percentage of free drug compound in the conjugate was determined as <0.5% of conjugated drug compound.
Preparation of humanized Ab-SPDB-2a conjugate: Humanized Ab at 8 mg/mL was derivatized with 4-6 molar equivalents of SPDB hetrobifunctional linker for 1.5 h at 25°C in 95% PBS, PH 7.4, containing 5% DMA (v/v), and then purified over a G25 desalting column into citrate buffer (35 mM citrate buffer, pH 5.5, containing 2 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl) to remove unreacted linker.
The LAR (Linker Antibody Ratio) were measured using UV absorbance at 280 and 343 nm without and with 50 mM dithiothreitol addition (to measure total antibody and threitol-released SPy) and were determined to be 2.7-4. 1 LAR. The SPDB- modified antibody at 2 mg/mL was reacted with 2 molar equivalents of compound 2a (HC1 salt) per linked SPDB for 20 h at ambient temperature in 85% citrate buffer, 15 % DMA (v/v) and then ed over a G25 desalting column into PBS, pH 7.4 to remove unconjugated drug compound. The DAR of the final zed Ab-SPDB -2a conjugate was measured by UV spectrophotometry at 280 and 350 nm and ated to be -1.7-2.1 DAR. The percentage of monomer and linked drug nd on the r in the conjugate was determined by HPLC using an SEC (size exclusion chromatography) column. See .
EXAMPLE 13 Use of colvalent imine reactants to improve g conjugate specifications (% monomer and drug load) Adduct formation was carried out with 5 molar lents of imine reactant over NHS-BMPS -1 in 90% DMSO/ 10% PBS pH 7.4 for 4 hr at 25 °C. The reaction mixture was then added to huMy9-6 antibody (4 molar equivalents drug, 2 mg/ml, 10% v/v DMSO, 50 mM HEPES buffer, pH 8.5, 5 h, 25 °C). Conjugates made using sodium hydrosulfite, sodium bisulfite, or sodium sulfite had similar drug/Ab ratios and % monomer, while conjugates made with no additive treatment led to very low drug incorporation.
E 14 In vivo Tolerability Study of huFOLR-1 Conjugates The in vivo tolerability of huFOLR-1 conjugates was investigated in female CD- 1 mice. Animals were observed for seven days prior to study initiation and found to be free of disease or s. The mice were administered a single i.v. injection of the bisulfite-bearing conjugate and the animals were monitored daily for body weight loss, morbidity or mortality. Table 9 shows that for huFOLRl-drugl, the conjugate was tolerated at only the lowest dose tested of 50 g kg. In contrast, both mono-imine conjugates l-drug2 and huFOLRl-SPDB -lf were found to be better tolerated with a maximum tolerated dose of <198 g g and >560 mg g respectively.
Table 9 . bility comparison data for (A) huFOLRl-drugl, (B) huFOLRl-drug2, and (C) huFOLRl-SPDB -lf conjugates.
MTD > 560 EXAMPLE 15 Effect of Propylene Glycol in Formulation and Conjugation This example demonstrates that the subject conjugation reactions carried out in the presence of propylene glycol as co-solvent do not show itation of the conjugates, and that as high as 40% (and possibly even higher) propylene glycol can be used t a decrease in the % monomer of the resulting conjugate (in the presence of 2% dimethylacetamide - data not shown).
More importantly, the ce of propylene glycol during purification leads to significant increases in yield (Table 10).
While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, Applicants e that one of the primary source of ms during the conjugation of the subject conjugates is the inherent hydrophobicity of the molecular components of the conjugates. This may at least partially explain the low purified yields, and sometimes aberrant mass distribution profiles observed with the subject conjugations.
It is also worth noting that the addition of isopropanol during size exclusion chromatography of the subject conjugates greatly decreases the apparent aggregate tion. This observation suggests that small hydrophobic cosolvents may increase the solubility of the drug and conjugate of the ion.
Thus the subject conjugation reactions, the purification steps after the reaction, and/or the formulation of the formed ates are preferably carried out in the presence of small hydrophobic cosolvents, such as propylene glycol (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, , 30, 35, 40, 45%).
Antibody- sulfo-SPDB was prepared ing to previously described methods by the addition of the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) ester form of sulfo-SPDB to antibody (huMy9-6) in water ning 3% DMA, and buffered at pH 8.5 for 3 hours.
The resulting intermediate (antibody-sulfo-SPDB) was purified over G25 Sephadex to remove excess linker. Antibody and linker were quantitated by UV-vis spectroscopy by measuring absorbance at 280 nm in the absence of reductant, and at 343 nm in the presence of -50 mM DTT to measure 2-thiopyridine release from conjugated linker.
To conjugate drug, the antibody-sulfo-SPDB prepared above was reacted at 2 mg/mL antibody with a 2-fold molar excess of compound Id in the presence of the indicated co-solvents, and with the pH ined at 8.5 with EPPS buffer (final concentration 60 mM). Dimethylacetamide (SAFC) and propylene glycol (Alfa Aesar) were used as ed with no further purification. All s were sterilized by passage through 0.22 micron filter (Corning) and water was purified by e osmosis / deionization. The reactions were incubated at 25 °C for 3 hrs and then purified using disposable G25 Sephadex s (Nap 25, GE Healthcare) into a formulation buffer consisting of 10 mM histidine, 250 glycine, 1% sucrose, 0.01% polysorbate 20, 50 mM sodium bisulfite and buffered to pH 6.2, as well as the indicated percentage of propylene glycol (v/v).
Reaction yields and drug load were determined by absorbance oscopy. All samples showed >96% monomer by analytical size exclusion chromatography.
Table 10 below shows the % Yield of conjugation as a function of propylene glycol in the reaction mixture or formulation. Antibody- sulfo-SPDB-1 was ed by reaction of compound Id with antibody-sulfo-SPDB for 4 hours at pH 8.5 (non-aqueous components as indicated) followed by cation over G25 Sephadex.
Table 10 A thick white precipitate was observed atop the Sephadex co umn after purification EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of huMy9sulfo-SPDB -ld using the highly ve 4-nitroPy-sulfo-SPDB linker A reaction ning 6 mg/mL huMy9-6 antibody and 5 molar equivalents of the highly reactive N-succinimidyl(4-nitropyridyldithio)butanoate linker (20 mM stock in ethanol) was incubated for 3 h at 25 °C in 50 mM EPPS buffer at pH 8.
Unreacted linker was removed using a NAP desalting column tra Sephadex G-25 DNA Grade, GE Healthcare). The linker to antibody ratio (LAR) was determined to be about 2.3 based on antibody concentration and DTT-released nitropyridinethione concentration by UV-Vis (£394 = 14205 cm M for 2-thionitropyridone).
Linker modified huMy9-6 was diluted to 2 mg/mL in 50 mM HEPES buffer at pH 8.5, 10% v/v DMA, and reacted with 2 molar equivalents of compound Id per linker (5 mM stock in DMA; 4.6 equivalents per antibody) for 30 min at 25 °C. Completion of disulfide exchange reaction was determined by monitoring absorbance increase at 394 nm by UV. Post-reaction, the conjugate was purified and buffer exchanged into 250 mM glycine, 10 mM histidine, 1% e, 0.01% Tween-20, 50 mM sodium bisulfite at pH 6.2 using a desalting column (G-25 Sephadex, fine grade, GE care).
The purified conjugate was found to have an average of 2.1 les of Id linked per antibody (by UV-Vis using molar extinction cients £330 = 15,484 cm and e280 = 30, 115 cm^M 1 for Id, and e280 = 207,000 cm^M 1 for huMy9-6), nm nm 98% monomer (by size exclusion chromatography), <1% unconjugated Id (by acetone extraction/reverse-phase HPLC), a 70% protein yield, and a 32% overall Id yield. See .
The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or ation derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of our to which this specification relates.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

Claims (1)

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method for preparing a conjugate comprising a cell-binding agent (CBA) conjugated to a cytotoxic compound with a linking group, the method comprising reacting a modified cytotoxic compound with a modified CBA at a pH of about 4 to about 9, wherein: a) the ed CBA comprises a residue of a bifunctional crosslinking agent bonded to the CBA, and the residue comprises the g group and a thiolreactive group; and b) the ed cytotoxic compound comprises a thiol group, and is produced by reacting an imine-containing cytotoxic nd bearing the thiol group with an imine reactive reagent, and wherein the imine-containing xic compound is represented by one of the following formulae: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X’ is selected from -H, an amine-protecting group, an optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a polyethylene glycol unit -(CH2CH2O)n-Rc, an optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted 5- to 18-membered heteroaryl ring containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and an optionally substituted 3- to 18-membered cyclic ring containing 1 to 6 heteroatoms ndently selected from O, S, N and P; Y’ is selected from -H, an oxo group, an optionally tuted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an H:\rbr\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\RBR\8498493_1.docx-23/
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US201161483499P 2011-05-06 2011-05-06
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