NZ208496A

NZ208496A - Preparation of wholly aromatic polyesters having reproducible melting and crystallisation tempratures

Info

Publication number: NZ208496A
Application number: NZ208496A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: A B Finestone
Original assignee: Dart Ind Inc
Priority date: 1983-11-30
Filing date: 1984-06-13
Publication date: 1987-04-30
Also published as: GB2150580A; MA20146A1; FR2555592B1; BE899785A; SE8406043L; CH664365A5; FI842150A; SE8406043D0; ZA845247B; BR8403550A; DE3443219A1; IT1176953B; AU2894784A; PT79392A; KR850004967A; PT79392B; CA1251879A; JPH0532415B2; NO842580L; FR2555592A1

Description

<div class="application article clearfix" id="description"> New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £08496 208496 Priority Date(s): . Complete Specification Filed: Class: . . Jjftj. f?-.: Publication Date: .P. P.O. Journal, No- . ...J.Zf.T.. HQ jHUMftMB* "PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATIC POLYESTERS" We, DART INDUSTRIES INC. of 2211 Sanders Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062, United States of America, a Delaware Corporation, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement : - — 1 - (followed by 1A) 20849 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATIC POLYESTERS ABSTRACT The production of oxybenzoyl polyesters is facilitated by the incorporation of a salt, particularly an alkali earth metal salt, and preferably potassium sulfate, during the production enabling the consistent production from these polyesters of molded j articles of improved appearance and excellent properties, j I BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of copolyesters. More particularly, it relates to a process for the production of oxybenzoyl polyesters of aromatic dicarboxylic acids, dihydroxyphenols and p-hydroxybenzoic acid compounds as the starting materials - It is known that such polyester resins can be produced by various polymerization processes including suspension polymerization and bulk polymerization. Of these, the bulk polymerization process is perhaps the most desirable process in terms of economy. However, since the aromatic polyesters have a high melting point as compared with aliphatic polyesters, such as polyethylene tereph-thalate, a higher temperature is required to maintain the aromatic polyesters at their molten state. Consequently, the polymers are often colored and deteriorated in performance. Further, difficulty has been experienced in obtaining lot-to-lot consistency in molding characteristics of the resin. Obviously, variations in molding conditions are undesirable in com- i mercial operations and can result in inefficiencies of operation I and unacceptable differences in the molded articles. Much effort has therefore been expended on the development of a process which eliminates the disadvantages discussed 208496 j I i I above and provides a polyester molding material from which articles i of pleasing and uniform appearance and properties can be obtained, j THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there can be consistently produced a polymer having an extremely low degree of discol-j oration and an excellent heat stability which has hitherto not been' obtainable by the conventional bulk polymerization. It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the production of aromatic polyesters having an i extremely low degree of discoloration and an excellent heat stability. It is another object of the invention to provide an improved process for the consistent, economic production of aromatic polyesters of acceptable quality. It is a further object of this invention to provide polyesters having reproducible melting and crystallization tempera- i tures. . Other objects and further scope of the applicability of j the present invention will become apparent from the detailed des- j cription. given hereinafter. It should be understood, however, that1 the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating j preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illus- ; tration only, since various changes and modifications within the | i i spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those j i skilled in the art from this detailed description. j ! It has been found that a process overcoming the problems ■ I [ encountered in the practice of the prior art processes and provid- i ing polyester resins whose use is not attended by the noted drawbacks is provided by the improvement which comprises adding a salt, particularly an alkaline earth metal salt or an alkali salt and preferably potassium sulfate, during the preparation of the resin and, particularly to the prepolymer melt prior to advancement of the final product to the desired degree of polymerization. V 10 15 20 208496 The wholly aromatic polyesters towards whose production ' the present invention is directed consist of combinations of repeating units of one or more of the following formulae: II — ° y~ (x)n y~ 0 -- O III IV °c-00-c°- t u V VI I where x is 0, S, - II - , NH or SO, and n is 0 or 1 and the total I c of the integers p + q + r + s + t + uin the moieties present is from about 3 to about 800. Combinations of the above units include union of the carbonyl group of Formulae I, II, IV and V with the oxy group of I Formulae I, III, IV and VI. In the most general combination all units of the above formulae can be present in a single copolymer. The simplest embodiment would be homopolymers of units I or IV. Other combinations include mixtures of units II and III, II and VI, III and V, V and VI, and I and IV. - 3 - 10 15 20 25 30 208496 The location of the functional groups are preferably in the para (1,4) positions. They can also be located in meta (1,3) l position to each other. With respect to the naphthalene moiety, j the most desirable locations of the functional groups are 1,4; 1,5 and 2,6. Such groups can also be in the meta position to each other. The symbols p, q, r, s, t and u are integers and indicate' the number of moieties present in the polymer. The total (p + q + J r + s + t + u) can vary from 3 to 800 and, when present, the ratio ! of q/r, q/u, t/r, t/u, q + t , q + t , and t can vary from j r r + u r + u | about 10/11 to about 11/10 with the most preferably ratio being j I 10/10. Exemplary of materials from which the moieties of Formula I may be obtained are p-hydroxybenzoic acid, phenyl-p-hydroxy-^ I benzoate, p-acetoxybenzoic acid and isobutyl-p-acetoxybenzoate. j Those from which the moiety of Formula II is derivable include j i terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, diphenyl terephthalate, j i diethyl isophthalate, methylethyl terephthalate and the isobutyl « half ester of terephthalic acid. Among the compounds from which j j the moiety of Formula III results are p,p'-bisphenol; p,p'-oxybis- ; j phenol; 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone? resorcinol and hydroquinone. j j Inspection will show which of these materials are also suitable ! I for supplying the moieties of Formulae VI - VIII. Examples of monomers represented by Formula IV are 6-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid; 5-acetoxy-l-naphthoic acid and phenyl 5-hydroxy-l-naphthoate. Monomers representing Formula V include i 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid. The diphenyl esters or dicarbonyl chlorides of these acids can also be used. Examples of monomers representative of Formula VI are 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene; 2,6-diacetoxynaphthalene and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. Particularly preferred for use in the practice of the present invention are plastic materials based upon oxybenzoyl polyesters. - 4 - The oxybenzoyl polyesters useful in the present invention are generally those repeating units of Formula VI: 208496 (VI) — o—/ Vc- - 10 15 20 25 30 where p is an integer of from about 3 to about 600. ' i | One preferred class of oxybenzoyl polyesters are those i of Formula VII: : i :! (VII) """ 0 r1 4~ o —V- c OR wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of ben-zoyl, lower alkanoyl, or preferably hydrogen; wherein R is hydrogen, benzyl, lower alkyl, or preferably phenyl; and p is an integer from 3 to 600 and preferably 30 to 200. These values of p corres- i \ pond to a molecular weight of cibout 1,000 to 72,000 and preferably 3,500 to 25,000. The synthesis of these polyesters is described U.K 1,1-13,12.1 in detail in 4J*6. Pat. Application- Serial No. 619;577, filed March 1, 19G7, and now abandoned, entitled "rolycigLeua Daood on Hydroxyhonaaic Acids", the disclosure of which is incorporated , herein by reference. This application is referred to in U.S. Pat. No. 3,668,300. Another preferred class of oxybenzoyl polyesters are ; copolyesters of recurring units of Formulae VII, VIII and IX: ! (VIII) (IX) -Of>. - 5 - 208496 wherein X is -O or m is 0 or 1; n is 0 or 1; q:r = 10:15 to 15:10? p:q = 1:100 to 100:1; p+q+r=3to 600 and preferably 20 to 200. The carbonyl groups of the moiety of Formula I or III are linked to the oxy groups of a moiety of Formula I or IV; the oxy groups of the moiety of Formula I or IV are linked to the car- j bonyl groups of the moiety of Formula I or III. j I l The preferred copolyesters are those of recurring units i of Formula X: (X) -O-1—0-<--CK> I The synthesis of these polyesters is described in detail j in U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,59 5, entitled "P-Oxybenzoyl Copolyesters", j i the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. ; The bulk condensation of aromatic polyesters is described in the patent literature and broadly considered involves an alkan- j i oylation step in which a suitable dicarboxylic acid, hydroxyben- j zoic acid and diol are reacted with an acid anhydride, a prepoly- merization step in the reaction product of the first step is poly- I | condensed to prepare a prepolymer and the prepolymer is thereafter ; heated to produce a polycondensate of the desired degree of poly- i i merization. The polyesters useful in the present invention can also ; be chemically modified by various means such as by inclusion in ! t the polyester of monofunctional reactants such as benzoic acid or tri- or higher functional reactants such as trimesic acid or cyan- j uric chloride. The benzene rings in these polyesters are prefer- \ ably unsubstituted but can be substituted with non-interfering | substituents, examples of which include among other halogen such i as chlorine or bromine, lower alkoxy such as methoxy and lower j alkyl such as methyl. j The salt can be an organic or an inorganic salt. However, the use of an alkaline earch metal salt is preferred. More 1 particularly, the following salts can be employed: aluminum i jacetate, calcium acetate, calcium sulfate, copper acetate, magnesium acetate, magnesium terephthalate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium sulfate ;and potassium bisulfate. While the addition of the salt at any stage of the procedure is contemplated, it has been found to be particularly effective, and to provide markedly superior properties in the articles molded from the oxybenzoyl polyester resin, if the salt is added I with the monomer charge. j j The salt can be added as solid or as a solution at a j temperature above the melting point of the salt. It is also i ! possible to add the salt in a solution when incorporation is • j effected at a lower temperature. I Broadly, the salt has been added over a range of from ! i about 25.0 parts per million to about 500 parts per million. j The exact mechanics by which the processability of the | I I polyester and the appearance and properties of articles molded from the polyester is markedly enhanced by the addition of the defined | i salts is not fully understood. However, it has been observed that j the retention of peak heights in repeated endothermic transitions j and the achievement of consistent exothermic transitions is signif-j i icantly and materially improved when the defined salts are employed I in the processing of the polyesters. j I The aromatic oxybenzoyl polyester polymers are known to j display an endothermic transition which corresponds to a melting of the polyester. On cooling, an exothermic transition or crystal-l i lization occurs. Where a strong exotherm is observed, the transi-j tions are described as reversible. Observations and the results i i | described in later tables demonstrate that the addition of a salt, 1 such as potassium sulfate, has greatly enhanced the reversibility i of the peaks detected in the differential scanning calorimeter or j DSC. ! I In determining the retention of peak height, the endo- i the^m for the. first and the second heating cycles are recorded on j I 208496 I i I jlthe same scale. The distances from base line to the maxima are i || ! :(determined and the height of the first cycle peak is divided by the. I ' height of the second cycle peak (x 100) . This value is expressed j as "Percent Retention". i When the endotherms are measured on the aromatic oxyben- I zoyl polyesters which do not contain a salt, it has been found j j that in the second cycle peaks the onset of transition is difficult! to define and the breadth or broadness of the heating curve makes ; it difficult to determine the peak. Thus, the change in tempera- | | ture between the onset of transition and the occurrence of the | | maximum temperature is of a gradual nature, providing a heating j i curve which resembles a gently sloping or rounded hill. Such a j peak is referred to in this specification and particularly in the ' Examples thereof as a broad or diffuse peak. The second cycle peaks obtained in those instances where i a salt has been incorporated in the processing of the aromatic | i j polyesters iri accordance with the present invention are sharp and j : clear with well defined temperature curves and in which the temper-! ! i atures of the onset of transition and of peak maximum are easily j i determined. I I i The invention is illustrated by the following examples j i which are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, j t the scope of which is defined by the appended claims. i EXAMPLE 1 j r i A reaction vessel was charged with 268 pounds of 4,4'- I dihydroxy biphenyl, 396 pounds of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 238- pounds of terephthalic acid, and 690 pounds of acetic anhydride. It was | i blanketed with nitrogen and heated with stirring to reflux which j i was continued for a minimum of three hours. Distillation with no j return was then initiated and continued for about 5 1/2 hours while the temperature of the reaction mixture was increased to 315°C. At this point, 0.71 pounds of distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite 2084 9 6 was added and after 10 minutes the thick melt (93.3% conversion based on distillate yield) was poured into an insulated stainless steel tray and allowed to cool under a nitrogen blanket. It was then removed and ground (size <.1.2 mm, 80% <0.5 mm). The yield I I of prepolymer after grinding is 90%. The prepolymer was advanced by tumbling under nitrogen in a rotating oven. The prepolymer is heated from ambient temperature to 365°C at a rate of 23°C/hr and cooled immediately. The resulting polymer is obtained as a free flowing powder. EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated exactly using the' same materials and procedures with the single exception of the j i addition of 57 g of potassium sulfate to the reaction vessel with j the monomers charge. j The DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) endothermic and exothermic peaks for the first and second heating cycles were I determined and are listed below in Table I. TABLE I DSC Endotherm Peak DSC Exotherm Onset Heating Cycle Cooling Cycle 1st 2nd 1st 2nd Example 1 410 weak* 366 355 Example 2 421 419 381 381 * The peak recorded here is of a broad and diffuse nature and does not represent a sharp, clear-cut peak. EXAMPLE 3 A reaction vessel was charged with 204.0 g (1.095 mole) j of 4,4'-dihydroxy biphenyl, 301.1 g (2.18 moles) of p-hydroxy- \ benzoic acid, 181.1 g (1.09 mole) of terephthalic acid, and 526.6 g ! (5.158 moles) of acetic anhydride, was blanketed with nitrogen andi n 10 15 20 25 30 4* heated with stirring to reflux which was continued for a minimum of three hours. Distillation with no return was then initiated and continued for about 5 1/2 hours while the temperature of the reaction mixture was increased to 315°C. At this point, 0.76 g of i • distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite was added and after 10 min- jjutes the thick melt (93.3% conversion based on distillate yield) !| ;was poured into a stainless steel beaker lined with aluminum foil |and maintained at 300°C. The prepolymer was kept under a nitrogen (blanket at 300°C for 20 hours, then removed, allowed to cool and ground (size < 1.2 mm, 80% < 0.5 mm). The yield of prepolymer i after grinding is 90%. The prepolymer was advanced by tumbling under nitrogen in an aluminum drum which is rotated in an oven. The prepolymer is heated from 204° to 354°C and maintained at the higher tempera- j| ijture for one hour. On cooling, the resulting polymer is obtained { j I as a free flowing powder. EXAMPLE 4 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated exactly using the |same materials and procedures with the single exception of the addition of 0.067 g of potassium sulfate to the reaction vessel with the monomers charge. The DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) endothermic |jpeaks for the first and second heating cycles were determined and are listed below, together with the percent retention of the endothermic peak height, in Table II. TABLE II Percent Retention of Endo Peak Ht DSC Endotherm Peak Heating Cycle 1st 2nd 417* 429 Example 3 34 422 Example 4 107 416 *The peak recorded here is of a broad and diffuse nature and does not represent a sharp, clear-cut peak. - 10 - • # 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 208496 Similar comparisons were made for several other polyesters, the control being prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 and the potassium sulfate-containing polyester being prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example 2. The results are listed in Table III below. TABLE III K2S04 Percent DSC Endotherm Peak Added Retention of Heating Cycle ppm Endo Peak Ht 1st 2nd Example 5 0 27 414 412* Example 6 110 71 414 422 Example 7 0 40 418 417* Example 8 110 75 422 426 Salt PPM of Cation Percent Retention Ex. 9 Aluminum Acetate 98 50 Ex. 10 Control 0 22 Ex. 11 Calcium Acetate 152 35 Ex. 12 Control 0 22 Ex. 13 Copper Acetate 84 84 Ex. 14 Control 0 32 Ex. 15 Magnesium Acetate 126 86 Ex. 16 Control 0 22 Ex. 17 Potassium Chloride 100 70 Ex. 18 Control 0 18 Ex. 19 Sodium Acetate 73 38 Ex. 20 Control 0 22 Ex. 21 Sodium Sulfate 73 38 Ex. 22 Control 0 22 *The peak recorded here is of a broad and diffuse nature and does not represent a sharp, clear-cut peak. As demonstrated, the salt-containing polyester showed a significantly improved percent retention of endothermic peak height. Comparisons are provided in Table IV between controls prepared in accordance with Example 1 and salt-containing polyesters prepared in accordance with Example 2. The same control was used in Examples 10, 12, 16, 20 and 22 but is set forth separately in order to provide more immediate comparison with the polyesters of Examples 9, 11, 15, 19 and 21. TABLE IV Similar significant improvements in the percent retentior, as compared to controls having broad or diffuse second cyclic peaks - 11 - 208 were obtained when the following salts were employed in lieu of ,;those salts specifically recited in Table III; calcium sulfate, ' I • j magnesium terephthalate, potassium acetate, potassium phosphate jand potassium bisulfate. 10 15 20 EXAMPLE 23 A reaction vessel was charged with 344.5 pounds of 4,4'- ; dihydroxy biphenyl, 514.0 pounds of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 309.0 ij i pounds of terephthalic acid, 896.0 pounds of acetic anhydride, and ! i ■ i '57.0 grams of potassium sulfate. It was blanketed with nitrogen i: and heated with stirring to reflux which was continued for a mini- I'mum of three hours. Distillation with no return was then initiated ! | | :and continued for about 5 1/2 hours while the temperature of the \ \ i ! i: l reaction mixture was increased to 315°C. At this point, 416.0 j I grams of disteaxyl pentaerythritol diphosphite was added and after j 1 ;10 minutes the thick melt (93.3% conversion based on distillate j i i yield) was poured into an insulated stainless steel tray, blanketed •' i ;with nitrogen and allowed to cool. It was then removed and ground j v | (size K. 1.2 mm, 80% < 0.5 nun) . j •! i i The prepolymer was advanced by tumbling under nitrogen ! ! in a rotating oven. The prepolymer is heated from ambient temper- j ;i i :ature to 365°C and cooled immediately. The resulting polymer is i . i j /obtained as a free flowing powder. The polymer is characterized j by first and second endotherm peaks of 416® and 418° and by first and second exotherm points of 377° and 379°. 25 EXAMPLE 24 | ——______ , i i ■. ; A series of 65 runs was made in which polyesters were j prepared according to the procedure of Example 33, employing 1 ll 1 93 parts per million of potassium sulfate based on the final ; ' i Ipolymer. The mean average exotherm onset on first cycle was deter-; - 12 - </div>

Claims

<div class="application article clearfix printTableText" id="claims"> 208496 mined to be 377.8° and the mean average exotherm onset for second cycle was determined to be 378.4°. The closeness of these points is extremely significant in relation to consistency and reproducibility in injection molding operations. The products obtained on j ! the injection molding of the polyesters were of high quality. | In the Tables set forth above the amount of salt used is j based upon parts per million in the finished polymer. In the above Examples and in the appended claims, the ' i term "advancing" is to be understood as polymerization in the solid f j state. | c. .. o n 208496 WHAT WE CLAIM IS;

1. A process for making a melt-processable wholly aromatic oxybenzoyl polyester having reproducible melting and crystallization temperatures which comprises recurring units of the following formulas: ILq-L VII VIII -1 q where X is -O- or -SO2-; m is zero or one; n is zero or one; q:r is about 10:15 to 15:10; p:q is about 1:100 to 100:1; p + q + ris abetrt 3 to 600; the carbonyl groups of the moiety of formula VII or VIII are linked to the oxy groups of the moiety of formula VII or IX; and the oxy groups of the moiety of formula VII or IX are linked to the carbonyl groups of the moiety of formula VII or VIII, which process comprises: bulk polymerization by heat condensing wholly aromatic polyester precursors to form a prepolymer and thereafter advancing the prepolymer to - 14 - c 208498 form a wholly aromatic polyester of the required degree of polymerization, wherein said precursors are heat condensed in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt in amount effective to render the melting and crystallization temperatures of said polyester substantially reproducible with respect to melt processing.

2. The process of Claim 1 wherein said metal salt is added in the amount of T about 0.0025 to 0.05 % by weight of the polyester produced.

3. The process of Claim 2 wherein said metal salt is an inorganic salt of potassium or magnesium.

4. The process of Claim 3 wherein said metal salt is a sulfate or chloride.

5. The process of Claim 4 wherein said metal salt is potassium sulfate.

6. The process of Claim 1 wherein the precursors comprise an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and an aromatic diol.

7. The process of Claim 6 wherein said precursors comprise terephthalic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, and dihydroxybiphenyl.

8. The process of Claim 7 wherein the molar ratios of said precursors are - SubsHwiKolly J about 1:2:1, respectively.

9. The process of Claim 6 wherein condensation of said precursors is by alkanoylation with an acid anhydride.

10. The process of Claim 1 wherein said polyester is further characterized subsfarfttaKu by a melting temperature of at leastfabettt 378 C. - 15 (\6DECW86 208496 n

11. An injection molded article comprising a wholly aromatic oxybenzoyl polyester prepared according to the process of Claim 1.

12. A wholly aromatic oxybenzoyl polyester prepared according to the process of Claim 1.

13. A process according to claim 1 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

14. A polyester when prepared by a process according to any one of the preceding claims. \ DART INDUSTRIES INC By their attorneys HENRY HTJfiHPIS T.TT.MTTED BY 16 1 </div>