NO864535L - PROCEDURE FOR BLADE OR VACUUM PREPARATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE WHICH CURVES IN AT LEAST ONE PLANE. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR BLADE OR VACUUM PREPARATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE WHICH CURVES IN AT LEAST ONE PLANE.Info
- Publication number
- NO864535L NO864535L NO864535A NO864535A NO864535L NO 864535 L NO864535 L NO 864535L NO 864535 A NO864535 A NO 864535A NO 864535 A NO864535 A NO 864535A NO 864535 L NO864535 L NO 864535L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum
- parison
- hose
- hose blank
- pullers
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4242—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/131—Curved articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/355—Conveyors for extruded articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4242—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
- B29C49/42421—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould
- B29C49/42422—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould by the preform transporting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4242—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
- B29C49/4244—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation during or after laying preform into the final mould
- B29C49/42452—The mould opening plane being horizontal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte og en en anordning for materialforming ved blåse- eller vakuumfremstilling av en termoplastisk slange som krummer i minst ett plan. The present invention relates to a method and a device for material forming by blowing or vacuum production of a thermoplastic hose that curves in at least one plane.
Fremstilling av plastdeler ved hjelp av blåse- eller vakuumforming er en fremgangsmåte som i de senere år har fått en stadig økende betydning på en rekke områder. Som en følge av denne utviklingen har det etterhvert oppstått behov for å kunne fremstille plastgjenstander, eller -deler med kompliserte formforløp, som f.eks. krumninger i flere plan, ved hjelp av blåse- eller vakuumforming. Ved konvensjonell blåse- eller vakuumforming av slike deler kan det imidlertid være vanskelig å oppnå en jevn og homogen godstykkelse. Videre kan det være forbundet med problemer å få anbrakt materialet i formkaviteten på en hensiktsmessig måte, f.eks. slik at avstivende sveiseskjøter på den fremstilte gjenstanden eller delen unngås. Det foreligger følgelig et behov for å kunne forflytte, eller forme, materialet under fremstillingen av f.eks. slanger med et komplisert formforløp. Hensikten med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å gi anvisninger til en fremgangsmåte og en anordning for materialforming ved blåse-eller vakuumfremstilling av en termoplastisk slange som krummer i minst ett plan, hvorved de ovenfornevnte ulempene unngås og hvorved slanger med jevn godstykkelse og komplisert formforløp på relativ enkel måte lar seg fremstille. The production of plastic parts by means of blow or vacuum forming is a method which in recent years has become increasingly important in a number of areas. As a result of this development, there has gradually arisen a need to be able to produce plastic objects, or parts with complicated forms, such as e.g. curvatures in several planes, using blow or vacuum forming. However, with conventional blowing or vacuum forming of such parts, it can be difficult to achieve a uniform and homogeneous material thickness. Furthermore, it can be associated with problems to place the material in the mold cavity in an appropriate way, e.g. so that stiffening welds on the manufactured object or part are avoided. There is consequently a need to be able to move, or shape, the material during the production of e.g. hoses with a complicated shape progression. The purpose of the present invention is to provide instructions for a method and a device for material forming by blowing or vacuum production of a thermoplastic hose that curves in at least one plane, whereby the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided and whereby hoses with uniform material thickness and complicated shape progression in a relatively simple way can be produced.
Dette oppnås ifølge oppfinnelsen ved en fremgangsmåte for materialforming av den innledningsvise nevnte art som er kjennetegnet ved at slangeemnet (parisonen) umiddelbart etter utløp fra en ekstruder lokalt engasjeres av bevegelige vakuumtrekkere som beveges under medføring av parisonen, slik at denne inntar ønsket form før parisonen føres inn i en kavitet for videre bearbeidelse. This is achieved according to the invention by a method for material forming of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which is characterized by the fact that immediately after exiting an extruder, the hose blank (parison) is locally engaged by movable vacuum pullers which are moved while entraining the parison, so that it takes the desired shape before the parison is moved into a cavity for further processing.
Ifølge et annet trekk ved oppfinnelsen beveges vakuumtrekkerne med en hastighet som tilsvarer ekstruderingshastigheten. According to another feature of the invention, the vacuum pullers are moved at a speed corresponding to the extrusion speed.
Ifølge et ytterligere trekk synkroniseres ekstruderens kjerne-dyseregulering av veggtykkelsen med vakuumtrekkernes bevegelse. According to a further feature, the extruder's core-nozzle control of the wall thickness is synchronized with the movement of the vacuum pullers.
Ved en foretrukket utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen føres en oppblåsings - innretning inntil kjernen av ekstruderen når ekstruderingen starter, slik at parisonen engasjeres av oppblåsingsinnretningen som beveger seg med parisonen under ekstruderingsforløpet. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an inflation device is brought up to the core of the extruder when the extrusion starts, so that the parison is engaged by the inflation device which moves with the parison during the course of extrusion.
Ifølge et ytterligere trekk ved oppfinnelsen ekstruderes slangen horisontalt. According to a further feature of the invention, the hose is extruded horizontally.
Oppfinnelsen angir videre en anordning for utførelse av den ovenfor angitte fremgangsmåten omfattende minst en vakuumtrekker montert på en føring som tillater bevegelse parallelt med ekstruderingsretningen og hvor vakuumtrekkerne er anordnet vippbare om sin ene ende samtidig som de er teleskopisk bevegbare. The invention further specifies a device for carrying out the above-mentioned method comprising at least one vacuum puller mounted on a guide that allows movement parallel to the direction of extrusion and where the vacuum pullers are arranged to be tiltable on one end while being telescopically movable.
Ifølge en videre utvikling av anordningen inneholder hver vakuumtrekker en vakuum-tilkoblingsventil som lukkes når vakuumtrekkeren beveger seg mot toppen av vippebevegelsen og åpnes når vakuumtrekkeren føres mot slangeemnet. According to a further development of the device, each vacuum puller contains a vacuum connection valve which closes when the vacuum puller moves towards the top of the rocking movement and opens when the vacuum puller is guided towards the hose blank.
Anordningen omfatter videre en oppblåsningsinnretning i form av et rør som er anordnet bevegbart på føringen parallelt med ekstruderingsretningen, og som ved den ytre enden har en innretning for engasjement med enden av det ekstruderte slangeemnet (parisonen). The device further comprises an inflation device in the form of a tube which is arranged movably on the guide parallel to the direction of extrusion, and which at the outer end has a device for engagement with the end of the extruded hose blank (parison).
Som nevnte ovenfor opptrer ved konvensjonell blåse- eller vakuumforming av kompliserte plastdeler det problem at godstykkelsen blir ujevn idet materialet vil tynnes i de områdene som vender mot de fjernestliggende delene av formkaviteten hvor følgelig materialtøyningen blir størst. Dette problemet reduseres i betydelig grad ved foreliggende oppfinnelse ved at slangeemnet (parisonen) ved hjelp av vakuumtrekkerne formes etter formkaviteten før det legges i formen. Dette medfører en mer uniform materialforflytning ved den etterfølgende blåse- eller vakuumformingen og bidrag følgelig til jevn godstykkelse. As mentioned above, with conventional blow or vacuum forming of complicated plastic parts, the problem arises that the material thickness becomes uneven, as the material will thin in the areas facing the farthest parts of the mold cavity where, consequently, the material strain is greatest. This problem is reduced to a considerable extent by the present invention in that the hose blank (parison) is shaped according to the mold cavity with the help of the vacuum pullers before it is placed in the mold. This results in a more uniform movement of material during the subsequent blowing or vacuum forming and consequently contributes to uniform material thickness.
En annen fordel oppnås ved at kjerne-dysereguleringen av veggtykkelsen synkroniseres med vakuumtrekkernes bevegelse. Dette gjør det enklere å programmere tykkelsesprofilen på slangeemnet (parisonen). Samtidig vil parisonen bli plassert helt likt i formen hver gang slik at eventuelle variasjoner i de fremstilte slangene blir neglisjerbare. Another advantage is achieved by the core-nozzle control of the wall thickness being synchronized with the movement of the vacuum pullers. This makes it easier to program the thickness profile of the hose blank (parison). At the same time, the parison will be placed exactly the same in the mold every time, so that any variations in the manufactured hoses will be negligible.
Ytterligere trekk og fordeler ved oppfinnelsen vil fremgå av den følgende beskrivelsen av en for tiden foretrukket utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen under henvisning til de vedlagte tegninger, hvor: Fig. 1 viser en utførelsesform av en anordning for materialforming ifølge oppfinnelsen med ekstrudering i horisontalplanet, anordningen er sett fra siden. Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of a currently preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the attached drawings, where: Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a device for material forming according to the invention with extrusion in the horizontal plane, the device is seen from the side.
Fig. 2 viser anordningen i fig. 1 sett ovenfra.Fig. 2 shows the device in fig. 1 view from above.
Fig. 3 viser anordningen i fig. 2 med vakuumtrekkerne i funksjon, dvs. under ekstruderingsprosessen. Fig. 4 viser anordningen i fig. 2 idet ekstruderingen er avsluttet og den forformede parisonen anbringes i formkaviteten. Fig. 5 viser et snitt gjennom en vakuumtrekker idet denne befinner seg i arbeidsposisjon (nedsenket posisjon) med vakuum-tilkoblingsventilen åpen. Fig. 6 viser vakuumtrekkeren i fig. 5 i hvileposisjon, med vakuum-tilkoblingsventilen lukket. Fig. 1 viser en anordning for materialforming ved blåse- eller vakuumfremstilling bestående av en ekstruder (1) og et akkumulatorhode (2) av tidligere kjent utforming, samt en sleideskinne (3) for transport av nederste formhalvdel og en sylinder (4) for sammenpressing av formen. Vakuumtrekkerne (5) og oppblåsingsinnretning (6) befinner seg i hvileposisjon. Innstillingen av vakuumtrekkerne foregår ved hjelp av innstillingsskruene (7) og en sylinder for heving (8). Fig. 2 viser anordningen i fig. 1 sett ovenfra. I tillegg til de i fig. 1 angitte delene er sugehodene på vakuumtrekkerne angitt ved henvisnings- tallet (9), vakuum-forbindelsesledningen ved (10) og bordet hvortil formen festes er merket (11). Fig. 3 viser første trinn av ekstruderingsprosessen. Oppblåsalgsinn-retningen (6) har fattet tak i slangeemnet (12) og beveges med dette, mens vakuumtrekkerne (5) én for én griper fatt i slangeemnet (parisonen) (12) etter som dette beveger seg ut av akkumulatorhodet (2) og beveges under medføring av slangeemnet (12), slik at dette inntar ønsket form. Fig. 4 viser neste trinn i prosessen. Slangeemnet (parisonen) (12) er ferdig ekstrudert og holdes fast i et riktig formforløp ved hjelp av vakuumtrekkerne (5). En form (13) med kavitet svarende til slangeemnet (parisonens) formforløp er anbragt på plass under vakuumtrekkerne. Parisonen anbringes i formkaviteten i den nedre formhalvdelen som deretter føres langs sleideskinnen (3) (i fig. 1) og pressen sammen med den øvre formhalvdelen. Figurene 5 og 6 viser en utførelse av vakuumtrekkerne (5) i to for-skjellige posisjoner. Fig. 5 viser vakuumtrekkerne i nedsenket posisjon (arbeidsposisjon), vakuumtilkoblingsventilen (14) er i dette tilfellet åpen, slik at sugehodet (9) holder slangeemnet (parisonen) fast. Vakuumtrekkernes posisjon innstilles ved hjelp av innstillingsskruene (7) og sylinderen (8). Fig. 6 viser vakuumtrekkeren ved toppen av vippebevegelsen. Ved denne posisjonen er vakuumt-tilkoblingsventilen (14) stengt. Fig. 3 shows the device in fig. 2 with the vacuum pullers in operation, i.e. during the extrusion process. Fig. 4 shows the device in fig. 2 as the extrusion is finished and the preformed parison is placed in the mold cavity. Fig. 5 shows a section through a vacuum extractor as it is in the working position (submerged position) with the vacuum connection valve open. Fig. 6 shows the vacuum puller in fig. 5 in the rest position, with the vacuum connection valve closed. Fig. 1 shows a device for material shaping by blowing or vacuum manufacturing consisting of an extruder (1) and an accumulator head (2) of a previously known design, as well as a slide rail (3) for transporting the bottom mold half and a cylinder (4) for compression of the form. The vacuum pullers (5) and inflation device (6) are in the rest position. The setting of the vacuum pullers takes place with the help of the setting screws (7) and a cylinder for raising (8). Fig. 2 shows the device in fig. 1 view from above. In addition to those in fig. 1 the parts indicated are the suction heads of the vacuum extractors indicated by the reference number (9), the vacuum connection line by (10) and the table to which the mold is attached is marked (11). Fig. 3 shows the first step of the extrusion process. The inflation device (6) has taken hold of the hose blank (12) and is moved with it, while the vacuum pullers (5) one by one grab hold of the hose blank (parison) (12) as it moves out of the accumulator head (2) and is moved while carrying the hose blank (12), so that it takes the desired shape. Fig. 4 shows the next step in the process. The hose blank (parison) (12) is fully extruded and is held in a correct shape using the vacuum pullers (5). A mold (13) with a cavity corresponding to the shape of the hose blank (parison) is placed in place under the vacuum pullers. The parison is placed in the mold cavity in the lower mold half, which is then guided along the slide rail (3) (in fig. 1) and the press together with the upper mold half. Figures 5 and 6 show an embodiment of the vacuum pullers (5) in two different positions. Fig. 5 shows the vacuum pullers in a lowered position (working position), the vacuum connection valve (14) is in this case open, so that the suction head (9) holds the hose blank (parison) firmly. The position of the vacuum pullers is set using the setting screws (7) and the cylinder (8). Fig. 6 shows the vacuum puller at the top of the rocking movement. In this position, the vacuum connection valve (14) is closed.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO864535A NO864535L (en) | 1986-11-13 | 1986-11-13 | PROCEDURE FOR BLADE OR VACUUM PREPARATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE WHICH CURVES IN AT LEAST ONE PLANE. |
| DE19873737453 DE3737453A1 (en) | 1986-11-13 | 1987-11-04 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE CURLED IN AT LEAST ONE LEVEL BY BLOWING OR VACUUM DEFORMING |
| SE8704409A SE8704409L (en) | 1986-11-13 | 1987-11-12 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR PRE-BLASTING OR VACUUM PREPARATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO864535A NO864535L (en) | 1986-11-13 | 1986-11-13 | PROCEDURE FOR BLADE OR VACUUM PREPARATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE WHICH CURVES IN AT LEAST ONE PLANE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO864535D0 NO864535D0 (en) | 1986-11-13 |
| NO864535L true NO864535L (en) | 1988-05-16 |
Family
ID=19889369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO864535A NO864535L (en) | 1986-11-13 | 1986-11-13 | PROCEDURE FOR BLADE OR VACUUM PREPARATION OF A THERMOPLASTIC HOSE WHICH CURVES IN AT LEAST ONE PLANE. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3737453A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO864535L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8704409L (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69318554T2 (en) * | 1992-06-08 | 1998-09-10 | British Tech Group | Method and apparatus for continuously molding an extruded article |
| DE4305735C1 (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1994-05-26 | Geiger Technik Gmbh | Blow moulding machine for multi-axis hollow prods. - has preforming tool which moves between die head and blowing tool to dispense appropriately shaped parison into blowing cavity. |
| US5662842A (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1997-09-02 | Salflex Polymers Ltd. | Process for blow molding hollow objects with independent movement of mold halves |
| DE4442252C1 (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-06-13 | Geiger Plastic Verwaltung | Device for transporting a preform from the hose head to the blow mold of a blow molding machine |
| IT1275894B1 (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 1997-10-24 | Soffiaggio Tecnica Srl | PROCEDURE TO PRODUCE A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL BLOWN TUBULAR BODY AND DEVICE TO CARRY OUT THE PROCEDURE |
| DE19511712C1 (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1996-08-08 | Geiger Plastic Verwaltung | Parison transporter between extruder and blowing tool |
| DE19716292C2 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 2001-02-01 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Extrusion device |
| DE19727366A1 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-07 | Kautex Maschinenbau Gmbh | Method and device for producing curved hollow bodies made of thermoplastic |
| US6176699B1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2001-01-23 | Walbro Corporation | Parison handling device |
| DE102007030369B4 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2015-08-27 | Harald Feuerherm | Process for producing blow-molded hollow bodies |
| NL2003473C2 (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-10 | Dispensing Technologies Bv | DEVICE FOR DELIVING A MEDIUM FROM A HOLDER AND A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THEM. |
-
1986
- 1986-11-13 NO NO864535A patent/NO864535L/en unknown
-
1987
- 1987-11-04 DE DE19873737453 patent/DE3737453A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-11-12 SE SE8704409A patent/SE8704409L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO864535D0 (en) | 1986-11-13 |
| SE8704409D0 (en) | 1987-11-12 |
| SE8704409L (en) | 1988-05-14 |
| DE3737453A1 (en) | 1988-05-19 |
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