NO334010B1 - Discharge containment device for underwater blowing oil wells - Google Patents
Discharge containment device for underwater blowing oil wells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO334010B1 NO334010B1 NO20100830A NO20100830A NO334010B1 NO 334010 B1 NO334010 B1 NO 334010B1 NO 20100830 A NO20100830 A NO 20100830A NO 20100830 A NO20100830 A NO 20100830A NO 334010 B1 NO334010 B1 NO 334010B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- bop
- sleeve
- oil
- methanol
- valve
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 title 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl]methanol Chemical compound C1CC2C(CO)C(CO)C1C2 YSVZGWAJIHWNQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
- E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse gjelder en anordning som innebærer et oppdemmingssystem for ukontrollert utblåsende undervannsbrønner, hvor anordningen omfatter de trekk som går frem av krav 1. Nevnte anordning omfatter en hylse med dimensjoner større enn den aktuelle utblåsningsventil (BOP) på oljebrønnen, dekket av et konisk tak som danner en trakt over BOP, hvor nevnte tak er utstyrt med en eksos-skorstein med en nedstengingsventil som inkluderer en forbindelsesflens for forankring og/eller tettingsutstyr til eksos-skorsteinen, idet nevnte montering også består av et antall sugeankere plassert i periferien av hylsen, og nevnte hylse inkluderer også et inntaksrør for injisering av fugemasse ved basen og nevnte tak inkluderer også minst ett inntaksrør for injisering av metanol og minst ett uttaksrør for utslipp av olje/vann/metanol blanding. Hylsen kan i en foretrukket utførelsesform inkludere en nivåindikator for å overvåke høyden av injisert fugemasse. The present invention relates to a device which involves a containment system for uncontrolled blowout underwater wells, where the device comprises the features set forth in claim 1. Said device comprises a sleeve with dimensions larger than the relevant blowout valve (BOP) on the oil well, covered by a conical roof which forms a funnel above the BOP, where said roof is equipped with an exhaust chimney with a shut-off valve that includes a connecting flange for anchoring and/or sealing equipment to the exhaust chimney, said assembly also consisting of a number of suction anchors located in the periphery of the sleeve, and said sleeve also includes an intake pipe for injecting sealant at the base and said roof also includes at least one intake pipe for injecting methanol and at least one outlet pipe for discharge of oil/water/methanol mixture. In a preferred embodiment, the sleeve may include a level indicator to monitor the level of injected sealant.
Videre omfatter foreliggende oppfinnelse en fremgangsmåte for nedstengning av en ukontrollert utblåsende oljebrønn med en skadet utblåsningsventil (BOP) hvor fremgangsmåten omfatter de trekk som er angitt i krav 3 og hvor en slik anordning som er forklart ovenfor, anvendes. Furthermore, the present invention includes a method for shutting down an uncontrolled blowout oil well with a damaged blowout valve (BOP) where the method includes the features stated in claim 3 and where such a device as explained above is used.
Et av problemene som skal løses med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å fremskaffe et oppdemmingssystem for utblåsende oljebrønner ved dyphavsboring. En undervanns letebrønn spesielt på dypt vann og/eller under høyt trykk og temperaturforhold (HP/HT) (opp til 1200 bars trykk og 200°C temperatur) er obligatorisk utstyrt med en utblåsningsventil (BOP) som stenger brønnen automatisk når unormale trykk oppstår, i den hensikt å stoppe ukontrollerte utslipp av væsker. Ingen annen brønnbarriere eksisterer hvis BOP ikke kan opereres på grunn av svikt i en av komponentene. Oppdemming av oljeutslipp kompliseres ytterligere ved hydratdannelse på slike dybder når sjøvann blandes med metan, og når disse hydrater blokkerer eksport linjer som overfører olje-/vannblandingen til potensielle redningsinnretninger. One of the problems to be solved with the present invention is to provide a containment system for blowout oil wells during deep sea drilling. An underwater exploration well especially in deep water and/or under high pressure and temperature conditions (HP/HT) (up to 1200 bar pressure and 200°C temperature) is compulsorily equipped with a blowout valve (BOP) which closes the well automatically when abnormal pressures occur, with the intention of stopping uncontrolled discharges of liquids. No other well barrier exists if the BOP cannot be operated due to failure of one of its components. Containment of oil spills is further complicated by hydrate formation at such depths when seawater mixes with methane, and when these hydrates block export lines that transfer the oil/water mixture to potential rescue devices.
Det er tidligere kjent forskjellige innretninger som forsøker å ta for seg problemer med ukontrollert utblåsende oljebrønner. Således er det fra US patent 4.416.565 Al og US patent 4.318.442 A kjent en anordning for nedstengning av ukontrollert utblåsende oljebrønner, hvor denne anordningen omfatter en sylinder med et traktformet tak som er utformet som en skorstein med en ventil som settes over en slik ukontrollert utblåsende oljebrønn. Videre er det kjent fra US patentsøknad 2006/0225810 Al en sarkofag som kan senkes ned over vrak på havbunnen for å tømme vraket for olje og gass, og hvor det blir injisert metanol inn i sarkofagen for å hindre at det dannes hydrater når vraket tømmes. Various devices have previously been known which try to deal with problems with uncontrolled blowout oil wells. Thus, from US patent 4,416,565 A1 and US patent 4,318,442 A, a device is known for shutting down uncontrolled blowout oil wells, where this device comprises a cylinder with a funnel-shaped roof that is designed as a chimney with a valve that is placed over a such an uncontrolled blowout oil well. Furthermore, it is known from US patent application 2006/0225810 Al a sarcophagus that can be lowered over a wreck on the seabed to empty the wreck of oil and gas, and where methanol is injected into the sarcophagus to prevent hydrates from forming when the wreck is emptied.
Anordningen som utgjør utblåsning oppdemmingssystemet og fremgangsmåten i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse er beskrevet nedenfor under henvisning til vedlagte figur. The device which constitutes the blow-out containment system and the method according to the present invention is described below with reference to the attached figure.
Anordningen som utgjør utblåsnings oppdemningssystemet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter følgende elementer: The device that makes up the blow-out containment system according to the present invention comprises the following elements:
1 en beholder senket over den skadete BOP (element 7) omfattende 1 a container lowered over the damaged BOP (item 7) comprehensively
- En hylse (helst sylindrisk) (element IA), i en utførelsesform på ca. 4 meter i diameter og 12 m høy (dimensjonene tilpasset den aktuelle BOP som hylsen må omslutte, spesifisert av leverandøren av BOP); - En konisk hette (element IB) med skråning som avhenger av den interne friksjon av hydratkrystaller (normalt mellom 30° og 60°); - En eksos-skorstein (element 1C) (i en utførelsesform med en diameter opp til 914 mm [36"]) utstyrt med en nedstengingsventil og kronet med en flens, som kan brukes som base for forankring og tetting av utstyret eller rør satt på toppen av skorsteinen i tilfelle uforutsett inngrep. 2. Minst tre sugeankere (element 2) plassert i periferien av hovedhylsen (sylinder IA). Sugeankerene (2) kan i en utførelsesform ha en diameter på ca. 1,5 m og inkluderer nedtrengningsmerker og trykkontrollventiler for nedtrengning av sugeankrene (2) inn i mudderflaten (9) av sjøbunnen. 3. Et fugemasse (8) injeksjonssystem omfattende flere injeksjonslinjer (element 3A) ved foten av hylsen (IA), og en nivåindikator (element 3B) øverst på hylsen. 4. Et metanol injeksjonssystem omfattende små kaliber-rør (element 4A) som gjennomhuller det koniske tak av beholderen og helst i forbindelse med en sensor (4B) som måler den relative konsentrasjon av sjøvann og metanol i oljeblandingen fanget under hetten (IB). 5. Ett eller flere uttaksrør (element 5) i den lavere delen av skorsteinen (1C), som hver aktiveres av en nedstengingsventil og kobles til et eksport stigerør som overfører oljeblandingen til havoverflaten. Mens kun ett uttaksrør normalt skal være åpent, vil de andre inaktive uttakene øke overflødig heten av eksportsystemet i tilfelle den aktive linjen blokkeres. Dessuten tillater det å bruke forskjellige diameter for hvert uttaksrør, f. eks fra en diameter på 15,2 cm [6"] til en diameter på 30,5 cm [12"], å tilpasse eventuelle variasjoner i strømning fra den utblåsende brønnen og dermed å optimalisere flyten i stigerøret gjennom hele operasjonen. Antall uttak/eksportlinjer (element 5) kan være 2, 3 eller 4, eventuelt flere, hver med diameter forskjellig fra hverandre. Bruk av flere uttaksrør ville også øke allsidigheten av oppdemmingssystemet i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. I tilfelle uttaksrøret som er i bruk tettes gjennom (uforutsett) hydratdannelse eller gjennom en uventet produksjon av sand, kan det da være mulig å åpne et av de andre uttaksrør og samtidig snu strømmen i det blokkerte rør ved å skylle eller spyle dette røret med metanol, og dermed å oppløse hydrater og å rense den opprinnelige eksportlinje igjen. Denne prosedyren sikrer kontinuerlig eksport av væsker gjennom uttakslinjer og forhindrer trykkoppbygging under hetten/trakten/taket (IB) av anordningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen. - A sleeve (preferably cylindrical) (element IA), in an embodiment of approx. 4 meters in diameter and 12 m high (the dimensions adapted to the relevant BOP that the sleeve must enclose, specified by the supplier of the BOP); - A conical cap (element IB) with a slope that depends on the internal friction of hydrate crystals (normally between 30° and 60°); - An exhaust chimney (item 1C) (in an embodiment with a diameter up to 914 mm [36"]) equipped with a shut-off valve and crowned with a flange, which can be used as a base for anchoring and sealing the equipment or pipe set on the top of the chimney in case of unforeseen intervention. 2. At least three suction anchors (item 2) located on the periphery of the main sleeve (cylinder IA). The suction anchors (2) may in one embodiment have a diameter of about 1.5 m and include penetration marks and pressure control valves for penetration of the suction anchors (2) into the mud surface (9) of the seabed 3. A sealant (8) injection system comprising several injection lines (item 3A) at the base of the sleeve (IA), and a level indicator (item 3B) at the top of the sleeve. 4. A methanol injection system comprising small caliber tubes (item 4A) piercing the conical roof of the container and preferably in conjunction with a sensor (4B) which measures the relative concentration of seawater and methanol in the oil mixture trapped under the cap (IB).5 .E tt or more outlet pipes (item 5) in the lower part of the chimney (1C), each of which is activated by a shut-off valve and connected to an export riser that transfers the oil mixture to the sea surface. While only one outlet pipe should normally be open, the other inactive outlets will increase the redundancy of the export system in case the active line is blocked. Also, using different diameters for each outlet pipe, e.g., from a 15.2 cm [6"] diameter to a 30.5 cm [12"] diameter, allows for accommodating any variations in flow from the blowout well and thus optimizing the flow in the riser throughout the operation. The number of outlet/export lines (element 5) can be 2, 3 or 4, possibly more, each with a different diameter. The use of several outlet pipes would also increase the versatility of the containment system according to the present invention. In the event that the outlet pipe in use becomes blocked through (unforeseen) hydrate formation or through an unexpected production of sand, it may then be possible to open one of the other outlet pipes and at the same time reverse the flow in the blocked pipe by flushing or flushing this pipe with methanol , and thus to dissolve hydrates and to clean the original export line again. This procedure ensures continuous export of liquids through outlet lines and prevents pressure build-up under the hood/funnel/roof (IB) of the device according to the invention.
Anordningen ifølge oppfinnelsen skal plasseres over et ukontrollert utblåsende lederør (6) for olje med en defekt utblåsningsventil (BOP, element 7) over seg. The device according to the invention must be placed over an uncontrolled blow-off guide pipe (6) for oil with a defective blow-off valve (BOP, element 7) above it.
Materialet i deler av anordningen / systemet i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse er av metall eller av en metallegering som motstår de gjeldende trykk-og temperaturforholdene ved oljebrønnen. Også metallet eller metallegeringen bør være ikke-korroderende (i hvert fall for en periode lang nok for å sikre oljebrønnen). Utvalgte metaller er stål, herdet stål eller rustfritt stål. The material in parts of the device / system according to the present invention is made of metal or of a metal alloy which resists the current pressure and temperature conditions at the oil well. Also, the metal or metal alloy should be non-corrosive (at least for a period long enough to secure the oil well). Selected metals are steel, hardened steel or stainless steel.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter også en fremgangsmåte for å stoppe olje- og gass-utstrømning fra en ukontrollert utblåsende oljebrønn. Prosedyren for å stoppe slike utslipp inkluderer følgende trinn: I. Beholderen/hylsen blir senket over BOP med den store skorsteinsventil åpen hvilket tillater fritt utslipp av olje og gass fra toppen av den skadete BOP. Metanol kan injiseres gjennom linje (4) i denne tidlige fasen for å hindre hydratdannelse og tetting av skorsteinen. II. Ventilene på sugeankerene (2) aktiveres for å skape et tilstrekkelig hydrostatisk undertrykk til å drive hovedhylsen (1) dypt ned i havbunnen (9), og dermed oppnå hensiktsmessig tetting ved basen. III. Fugemasse (8) blir deretter injisert i bunnen av beholderen/hylsen og fyller enhetens ringvolum (rom mellom BOP (7) og den indre overflaten av hylsen (IA)) inkludert BOP og sikrer en god binding av de to elementene. Heving av fugemassen (8) i ringvolumet overvåkes inntil overflaten av fugemassen omtrent når toppen av hylsen i skjæringspunktet med den koniske hetten. Gjennom hele fasen forblir skorstein (1C) åpen og fortsetter å tillate fri strømning av væske ved utblåsning fra BOP (7) og også av sjøvann fanget inne i beholderen/hylsen (1C) og presset opp av fugemassen (8). IV. Etter fugingen er ferdig, tilsvarer det gjenværende volumet av innesperret sjøvann mer eller mindre volumet av den koniske hetten (IB). Dette sjøvann blandes med olje og gass fra brønnen og med metanol som fortsatt injiseres. V. Ettersom mer metanol injiseres, øker konsentrasjonen derav i blandingen mens konsentrasjonen av sjøvann reduseres inntil den kritiske terskelen for hydratdannelse er nådd. Skorsteinens (1C) ventil lukkes deretter gradvis mens eksport-stigerøret (5) åpnes, som heretter overfører en blanding som nesten kun består av olje, gass og metanol og er ikke lenger utsatt for hydratdannelse. The invention also includes a method for stopping oil and gas outflow from an uncontrolled blowout oil well. The procedure to stop such releases includes the following steps: I. The container/casing is lowered over the BOP with the large stack valve open allowing the free release of oil and gas from the top of the damaged BOP. Methanol can be injected through line (4) in this early phase to prevent hydrate formation and clogging of the chimney. II. The valves on the suction anchors (2) are activated to create a sufficient hydrostatic negative pressure to drive the main sleeve (1) deep into the seabed (9), thus achieving an appropriate seal at the base. III. Sealant (8) is then injected into the bottom of the container/casing and fills the annular volume of the unit (space between the BOP (7) and the inner surface of the casing (IA)) including the BOP and ensures a good bond of the two elements. Elevation of the sealant (8) in the annular volume is monitored until the surface of the sealant approximately reaches the top of the sleeve at the point of intersection with the conical cap. Throughout the phase, chimney (1C) remains open and continues to allow free flow of liquid by blowout from BOP (7) and also of seawater trapped inside the container/sleeve (1C) and pushed up by the sealant (8). IV. After the grouting is complete, the remaining volume of trapped seawater more or less corresponds to the volume of the conical cap (IB). This seawater is mixed with oil and gas from the well and with methanol which is still injected. V. As more methanol is injected, its concentration in the mixture increases while the concentration of seawater decreases until the critical threshold for hydrate formation is reached. The stack (1C) valve is then gradually closed while the export riser (5) is opened, which then transfers a mixture consisting almost exclusively of oil, gas and methanol and is no longer susceptible to hydrate formation.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20100830A NO334010B1 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2010-06-10 | Discharge containment device for underwater blowing oil wells |
US13/702,683 US20130140036A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Leakage containment system for run-away subsea wells |
EP20110727339 EP2580423B1 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Leakage containment system for run-away subsea wells |
PCT/NO2011/000170 WO2011155848A2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-06-10 | Leakage containment system for run-away subsea wells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20100830A NO334010B1 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2010-06-10 | Discharge containment device for underwater blowing oil wells |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO20100830A1 NO20100830A1 (en) | 2011-12-12 |
NO334010B1 true NO334010B1 (en) | 2013-11-18 |
Family
ID=44627403
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO20100830A NO334010B1 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2010-06-10 | Discharge containment device for underwater blowing oil wells |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130140036A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2580423B1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO334010B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011155848A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO337710B1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2016-06-06 | Borealis Offshore Consultants As | Container assembly for enclosing and controlling an underwater well by uncontrolled blowout and method of isolation and control of an uncontrolled blowing subsea oil well |
GB2516923A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-02-11 | John Butkus | Sub-Sea oil / gas capping device |
WO2015059530A1 (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-30 | Total Sa | A containment system and a method for using said containment system |
EP3094786A1 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-11-23 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Methods of preventing hydrate formation in open water capture devices |
CN105501416B (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2018-06-01 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Underwater oil sump tank and its application method |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3548605A (en) * | 1969-05-07 | 1970-12-22 | Texaco Development Corp | Submergible vehicle for emergency offshore gas leakage |
US4318442A (en) | 1979-09-27 | 1982-03-09 | Ocean Resources Engineering, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling an underwater well blowout |
US4283159A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1981-08-11 | Johnson Albert O | Protective shroud for offshore oil wells |
NO153938C (en) | 1979-11-02 | 1986-06-18 | Ostlund As | PROCEDURE FOR THE COLLECTION AND SEPARATION OF OIL, WATER AND GAS FROM AN OIL WELL AND AN EQUAL COLUMN FOR EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE. |
FR2852917B1 (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2005-06-24 | Saipem Sa | SEALED COMPARTMENT RECEPTACLE AND METHOD OF PLACING IT TO RECOVER POLLUTANT EFFLUENTS FROM A EPAVE |
US20110299930A1 (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2011-12-08 | Messina Frank D | Subsea oil leak stabilization system and method |
-
2010
- 2010-06-10 NO NO20100830A patent/NO334010B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-06-10 EP EP20110727339 patent/EP2580423B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-06-10 US US13/702,683 patent/US20130140036A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-06-10 WO PCT/NO2011/000170 patent/WO2011155848A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130140036A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
WO2011155848A3 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
EP2580423A2 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
EP2580423B1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
NO20100830A1 (en) | 2011-12-12 |
WO2011155848A2 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
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