NO174060B - BASIC MIXTURE FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID AND HYDRAULIC FLUID MADE BASED ON THE MIXTURE - Google Patents
BASIC MIXTURE FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID AND HYDRAULIC FLUID MADE BASED ON THE MIXTURE Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO174060B NO174060B NO884237A NO884237A NO174060B NO 174060 B NO174060 B NO 174060B NO 884237 A NO884237 A NO 884237A NO 884237 A NO884237 A NO 884237A NO 174060 B NO174060 B NO 174060B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- hydraulic fluids
- hydraulic
- oils
- triglycerides
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004119 disulfanediyl group Chemical class *SS* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 C22 fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical class CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;disodium;dinitrate;nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[K+].[O-]N=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PDEDQSAFHNADLV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BYRDKPPIMWRURI-JMKGYWDZSA-N (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O BYRDKPPIMWRURI-JMKGYWDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOKDITTZHHDEHD-PFONDFGASA-N 2-ethylhexyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC FOKDITTZHHDEHD-PFONDFGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid Chemical compound CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005637 Brassica campestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001301148 Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSMUHMONAIFTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=1C(O)=CC=CC1)=NC=C(C)N=CC=1C(O)=CC=CC1 Chemical compound C(C=1C(O)=CC=CC1)=NC=C(C)N=CC=1C(O)=CC=CC1 BSMUHMONAIFTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100039496 Choline transporter-like protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000003508 Dilauryl thiodipropionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013830 Eruca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000801434 Eruca Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000889282 Homo sapiens Choline transporter-like protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019304 dilauryl thiodipropionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035422 diphenylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FSWDLYNGJBGFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound CCC(C)NC1=CC=C(NC(C)CC)C=C1 FSWDLYNGJBGFJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043230 sarcosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940016590 sarkosyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700004121 sarkosyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004274 stearic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- JGSUMMPGKPITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;n,n-dipentylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCC.CCCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCCC JGSUMMPGKPITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/04—Fatty oil fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/16—Ethers
- C10M129/18—Epoxides
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida av den art som er angitt i krav l's ingress, samt et hydraulisk fluidum som angitt i krav 6. The present invention relates to a base mixture for hydraulic fluids of the kind specified in claim 1's preamble, as well as a hydraulic fluid as specified in claim 6.
Hydrauliske fluida som vanligvis anvendes er petroleums-baserte, kjemisk mettede eller umettede, uforgrenede eller forgrenede eller ringtype hydrokarboner. Hydraulic fluids that are usually used are petroleum-based, chemically saturated or unsaturated, unbranched or branched or ring-type hydrocarbons.
Petroieumsbaserte hydrauliske fluida innbefatter imidlertid fare for omgivelsene og helsen. Hydrokarboner kan utgjøre en kreftrisiko ved forlenget kontakt med huden såvel som fare for ødeleggelse av lungene når den trekkes inn med luften. Ytterligere når olje får utslippe i omgivelsene forårsaket av spill vil dette forårsake forurensing av jordsmonnet og grunnvannet, selv i små mengder. De er også toksiske for livet i elver, innsjøer, etc. Petroleum-based hydraulic fluids, however, involve environmental and health hazards. Hydrocarbons can pose a cancer risk through prolonged contact with the skin as well as the risk of damage to the lungs when inhaled with the air. Furthermore, when oil is released into the environment caused by spills, this will cause contamination of the soil and groundwater, even in small quantities. They are also toxic to life in rivers, lakes, etc.
I tillegg til det som er angitt ovenfor så har hydrokarbonoljer som sådanne i realiteten en meget begrenset anvendelse og derfor inneholder hydrauliske fluida, basert på slike oljer et antall additiver i betydelige mengder. Petroleum er også en ikke-fornybar naturlig ressurs, og således av begrenset tilgjenglighet. Det er således et åpenbart behov for fluida for hydrauliske formål som er basert på fornybare, naturlige ressurser og som samtidig kan tåles av omgivelsene. En slik naturlig basiskomponent for hydrauliske fluida er oljeaktige triglyserider, slik som foreslått i GB patent nr. 2 134 923. In addition to what has been stated above, hydrocarbon oils as such have in reality a very limited application and therefore hydraulic fluids based on such oils contain a number of additives in significant quantities. Petroleum is also a non-renewable natural resource, and thus of limited availability. There is thus an obvious need for fluids for hydraulic purposes which are based on renewable, natural resources and which at the same time can be tolerated by the environment. One such natural base component for hydraulic fluids is oily triglycerides, as proposed in GB patent no. 2 134 923.
Triglyseridene beskrevet i det nevnte GB patent nr. 2 134 923 er glyserolesteret av fettsyrer og den kjemiske struktur for disse estere kan defineres ved hjelp av den følgende formel: hvor i Ri, R2 og R3 kan være like eller forskjellige og er valgt fra gruppen bestående av mettede eller umettede rett-kjedete alkyl, alkenyl og alkandienylkjeder med vanligvis 9-22 karbonatomer. The triglycerides described in the aforementioned GB patent no. 2 134 923 are the glycerol esters of fatty acids and the chemical structure of these esters can be defined using the following formula: where in Ri, R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of of saturated or unsaturated straight-chain alkyl, alkenyl and alkandienyl chains of usually 9-22 carbon atoms.
Triglyseridene kan også i henhold til nevnte GB patent nr. 2.134 923 inneholde små mengder av en alkantrienylsyrerest, The triglycerides can also, according to the aforementioned GB patent no. 2,134,923, contain small amounts of an alkantrienylic acid residue,
men en større mengde er ødeleggende fordi en slik rest fremmer oksydasjon av triglyseridoljen. Visse triglyseridoljer såkalte tørkende oljer inneholder betydelige mengder av alkatrienyl og alkadienyl grupper og de danner faste filmer under innvirkning av luftens oksygen. Slike oljer hvis jodtall vanligvis er but a larger amount is destructive because such a residue promotes oxidation of the triglyceride oil. Certain triglyceride oils, so-called drying oils, contain significant amounts of alkatrienyl and alkadienyl groups and they form solid films under the influence of atmospheric oxygen. Such oils whose iodine number is usually
høyere enn 130 og som bl.a. anvendes som bestanddeler i spesialbelegg kan ikke komme i betraktning for anvendelse i hydrauliske fluida. higher than 130 and which i.a. used as components in special coatings cannot be considered for use in hydraulic fluids.
I GB nr. 2 134 923 er det angitt at hvilket som helst andre oljeaktige triglyserider med et jodtall på minst 50 og ikke mere enn 128 er egnet for formålet. Spesielt egnete er triglyserider av oleinsyre-linolensyre som ikke inneholder mere enn 20 vektprosent forestrede, mettede fettsyrer, beregnet på mengden av forestrede fettsyrer. Disse oljer er væsker ved 15-20°C og deres viktigste fettsyrerester er avledet fra de følgende umettede syrer: oleinsyre, 9-okta-dekensyre, linolensyre, 9,12-okta-dekadiensyre. For anvendelse ved normale temperaturer er de mest foretrukne av disse triglyserider av vegetabilsk opprinnelse og er beskrevet til å være de som inneholder forestret oleinsyre i en mengde som overskrider 50 vektprosent av den totale mengde av fettsyrene ( Tabell 1). In GB No. 2 134 923 it is stated that any other oily triglycerides with an iodine number of at least 50 and not more than 128 are suitable for the purpose. Particularly suitable are triglycerides of oleic acid-linolenic acid which do not contain more than 20 percent by weight of esterified, saturated fatty acids, calculated on the amount of esterified fatty acids. These oils are liquids at 15-20°C and their main fatty acid residues are derived from the following unsaturated acids: oleic acid, 9-octa-decanoic acid, linolenic acid, 9,12-octa-decadienoic acid. For use at normal temperatures, the most preferred of these are triglycerides of vegetable origin and are described to be those containing esterified oleic acid in an amount exceeding 50 percent by weight of the total amount of the fatty acids (Table 1).
Det er karakteristisk for alle oljeaktige triglyserider at deres viskositeter endres i mindre grad enn viskositetene for hydrokarbon-basisoljer ved endring av temperaturen. Viskositet-til-temperaturforhold egenskapene for hver av oljene kan karakteriseres ved hjelp av den empiriske viskositets-indeks (VI), hvis numeriske verdi er høyere jo mindre viskositeten for oljen endres ved en forandring i temperaturen. Viskositetsindeksene for triglyserider er klart høyere enn de for hydrokarbonoljer uten tilsetningsmiddel, slik at triglyseridene av natur er såkalte multigrad oljer. Dette er av betydelig viktighet under betingelser hvor driftstempera-turen kan variere innen vide grenser. Viskositeter og viskositetsindekser for visse triglyserider er vist i tabell 2. It is characteristic of all oily triglycerides that their viscosities change to a lesser extent than the viscosities of hydrocarbon base oils when the temperature changes. The viscosity-to-temperature ratio properties of each of the oils can be characterized using the empirical viscosity index (VI), whose numerical value is higher the less the viscosity of the oil changes with a change in temperature. The viscosity indices for triglycerides are clearly higher than those for hydrocarbon oils without additives, so that triglycerides are by nature so-called multigrade oils. This is of considerable importance under conditions where the operating temperature can vary within wide limits. Viscosities and viscosity indices for certain triglycerides are shown in Table 2.
Røykpunktet for triglyserider er over 200°C og flammepunktet over 300"C (begge bestemt i henhold til AOCS Ce 9a-48 eller ASTM D 1310). Flammepunktet for hydrokarbon-basisoljer er som regel klart lavere. The smoke point of triglycerides is above 200°C and the flash point above 300°C (both determined according to AOCS Ce 9a-48 or ASTM D 1310). The flash point of hydrocarbon base oils is usually clearly lower.
Triglyseride oljer skiller seg fullstendig fra ikke-polare hydrokarbonoljer med hensyn til at de har polar natur. Dette er grunnen til den fremragende evne til triglyserider for å bli absorbert på metalloverflater som en meget tynn ved-heftende film. Et studium av drift av glideflater plassert i nært forhold til hverandre og under betraktning av trykk og temperatur som er fundamentale faktorer som påvirker smøring viser at de filmdannende egenskaper for triglyserider er spesielt fordelaktig i hydrauliske systemer. Triglyceride oils differ completely from non-polar hydrocarbon oils in that they are polar in nature. This is the reason for the outstanding ability of triglycerides to be absorbed on metal surfaces as a very thin adhesive film. A study of the operation of sliding surfaces placed in close relation to each other and taking into account pressure and temperature, which are fundamental factors affecting lubrication, shows that the film-forming properties of triglycerides are particularly advantageous in hydraulic systems.
I tillegg vil vann ikke kunne presse en triglyserid oljefilm fra en metallflate så lett som en hydrokarbonfilm. In addition, water will not be able to push a triglyceride oil film from a metal surface as easily as a hydrocarbon film.
Rapsfrøolje er vurdert som et eksempel på monomere triglyseride oljer for anvendelse i hydrauliske fluida i henhold til GB patent nr. 2 134 923, hvilken rapsfrøolje også erholdes fra underartene Brassica campestris og denne inneholder i sin for tiden konversielle form lite eller ingen erucinsyre. Det må imidlertid tas i betrakning at anvendbare triglyserid oljer adskiller seg fra rapsfrøoljer kun med hensyn til sammensetningen av fettsyrene som er forestret med glyserol, disse forskjeller viser seg som forskjellige hellepunkter og viskositeter for oljene. Selv oljene erholdt fra undergruppen fra raps og fra deres beslektede underklasser utviser forskjeller med hensyn til hellepunkter og viskositeter som følge av forskjeller i sammensetningen av fettsyrer, slik det fremgår av tabell 3. Av rapsfrøoljene nevnt i tabellen er den første (eruca) erholdt fra undergrupper som har et høyere innhold av erucinsyre (C 22:1). Rapeseed oil has been assessed as an example of monomeric triglyceride oils for use in hydraulic fluids according to GB patent no. 2 134 923, which rapeseed oil is also obtained from the subspecies Brassica campestris and this, in its currently convertible form, contains little or no erucic acid. However, it must be taken into account that usable triglyceride oils differ from rapeseed oils only with respect to the composition of the fatty acids esterified with glycerol, these differences manifest as different pour points and viscosities for the oils. Even the oils obtained from the rapeseed subgroup and from their related subclasses show differences in pour points and viscosities due to differences in the composition of fatty acids, as shown in Table 3. Of the rapeseed oils mentioned in the table, the first (eruca) is obtained from subgroups which has a higher content of erucic acid (C 22:1).
I tabell 4 er egenskapsdata for rapsfrøolje sammenlignet med visse kommersielle basismineraloljer. In Table 4, property data for rapeseed oil are compared with certain commercial base mineral oils.
De ovenfor viste data indikerer at triglyseridene har mange egenskaper som er fordelaktige, spesielt i hydrauliske fluida. Som tidligere nevnt er viskositetsindeksen (VI) for triglyseridene overlegent bedre sammenlignet med mineraloljeprodukter. Viskositetsindeksen for triglyserid oljene er åpenbart også mere stabile mot mekaniske og varme påkjenninger som eksi-sterer i hydrauliske systemer enn viskositetsindeksen for hydrauliske fluida basert på sammensatte mineraloljer og som inneholder polymere viskositetsindeksforbedrere. I tillegg kan det forventes at evnen til det polare triglyseridmolekyl vil vedhefte til metalloverflåtene vil forbedre smøreevnene for disse triglyserider. Den eneste egenskap for de naturlige triglyserider så har vist seg å forhindre deres påtenkte anvendelse for hydrauliske formål er deres tendense til lett oksydasjon. The data shown above indicate that the triglycerides have many properties that are beneficial, especially in hydraulic fluids. As previously mentioned, the viscosity index (VI) for the triglycerides is superior compared to mineral oil products. The viscosity index for the triglyceride oils is obviously also more stable against mechanical and heat stresses that exist in hydraulic systems than the viscosity index for hydraulic fluids based on compound mineral oils and containing polymeric viscosity index improvers. In addition, it can be expected that the ability of the polar triglyceride molecule to adhere to the metal surfaces will improve the lubricating properties of these triglycerides. The only property of the natural triglycerides that has been shown to prevent their intended use for hydraulic purposes is their tendency to easy oxidation.
Oksydasjonen har mange negative innvirkninger på egenskapene for et hydraulisk fluidum basert på et naturlig triglyserid, hvorpå et slikt fluidum må erstattes med ferskt fluidum oftere enn for fluida basert på hydrokarbonoljer. The oxidation has many negative effects on the properties of a hydraulic fluid based on a natural triglyceride, whereupon such a fluid must be replaced with fresh fluid more often than for fluids based on hydrocarbon oils.
For eksempel vil viskositeten for den naturlige triglyserid hydrauliske fluidum øke som følge av oksydasjon. Oksydasjon vil også forårsake skumming av fluidumet og filtrerings-egenskapene for fluidumet nedsettes og den høye vann-oppløslighet forårsaker problemer i det hydrauliske system. Oksydasjonsproduktene er også korrosive. For å unngå disse problemer forårsaket av oksydasjon må arbeidstemperaturen for de hydrauliske system holdes lavere enn det hvor hydrokarbonbaserte oljer anvendes. For example, the viscosity of the natural triglyceride hydraulic fluid will increase as a result of oxidation. Oxidation will also cause foaming of the fluid and the filtration properties of the fluid are reduced and the high water solubility causes problems in the hydraulic system. The oxidation products are also corrosive. To avoid these problems caused by oxidation, the working temperature of the hydraulic system must be kept lower than that where hydrocarbon-based oils are used.
Det har imidlertid blitt bemerket at tendensen for de naturlige triglyserider til å bli oksydert kan i det vesent-lige nedsettes til det samme nivå som det for vanlige hydrokarbon-baserte hydrauliske oljer, ved tilsetning av additiver i meget moderate mengder, hvilke additiver velges i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Dette faktum fremgår av det However, it has been noted that the tendency of the natural triglycerides to be oxidized can be essentially reduced to the same level as that of ordinary hydrocarbon-based hydraulic oils, by the addition of additives in very moderate amounts, which additives are selected according to to the invention. This fact is evident from it
etterfølgende eksempel 1. following example 1.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
I dette eksempel ble stabiliteten for hydrauliske fluida mot oksydativ nedbrytning undersøkt. De aktuelle fluida ble undersøkt med et apparat i henhold til forsøksmetoden ASTM D 525 ved å innføre i et trykk-kar 100 ml av væsken som skulle undersøkes. Karet ble lukket og plassert i kokende vann og under forsøket ble oksygentrykket i karet bestemt De anvendte additiver var: "Irgalup 349" aminofosfatderivat (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 130" blanding av tertiær-butyl-fenol derivater (Ciba-Geigy), "Reomet 39" triazolderivater (Ciba-Geigy) , "Anglamol 75" sink-dialkylditio-fosfat (Lubrizol), "EN 1235 "kortacid" T derivat (Akzo Chemie), "Hitec 4735 blanding av tertiær-butyl-fenolderivat (Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd.)/ "Irganox PS 800" dilauryl tio-di-propionat (Ciba-Geigy) , "Irganox L 800" triaryl-fosfitt (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 57" blanding av alkyl-difenyl-amin (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganlube TPPT" trifenylfosforotionat (Ciba-Geigy), "Tinuvin 770" bis (2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl) sebacat (Ciba-Geigy), "Vanlube AZ" sink-diamyl-ditiokarbamat (R.T. Vanderbilt), "Additin 10" 2,6-tertiær-butyl-4-metylfenol (Rhein-Chemie). In this example, the stability of hydraulic fluids against oxidative degradation was investigated. The relevant fluids were examined with an apparatus according to the test method ASTM D 525 by introducing 100 ml of the liquid to be examined into a pressure vessel. The vessel was closed and placed in boiling water and during the experiment the oxygen pressure in the vessel was determined The additives used were: "Irgalup 349" aminophosphate derivative (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 130" mixture of tertiary-butyl-phenol derivatives (Ciba-Geigy) , "Reomet 39" triazole derivatives (Ciba-Geigy), "Anglamol 75" zinc-dialkyldithio-phosphate (Lubrizol), "EN 1235 "kortacid" T derivative (Akzo Chemie), "Hitec 4735 mixture of tertiary-butyl-phenol derivative (Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd.)/ "Irganox PS 800" dilauryl thio-di-propionate (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 800" triaryl-phosphite (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 57" mixture of alkyl-diphenyl-amine ( Ciba-Geigy), "Irganlube TPPT" triphenylphosphorothionate (Ciba-Geigy), "Tinuvin 770" bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (Ciba-Geigy), "Vanlube AZ" zinc diamyl -dithiocarbamate (R.T. Vanderbilt), "Additin 10" 2,6-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol (Rhein-Chemie).
Resultatene er gitt i tabell 5. The results are given in table 5.
Slik det fremgår av resultatene i tabell 5 er blandingene nr. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 og 14 klart sammenlignbare med de vanlige mineraloljebaserte hydrauliske oljer 15 og 16 anvendt for sammenligning i dette eksempel. Blandingene 2 og 9 inneholder anti-oksydante additiver utvalgt i henhold til oppfinnelsen, men de anvendte mengder har ikke vært til-strekkelige. Fra de data som er vist i tabell 5 kan det utledes at et triglyserid som er i overenstemmelse med de definisjoner som er gitt i begynnelsen av foreliggende beskrivelse og som inneholder en vis mengde av omhyggelig utvalgte anti-oksydante additiver kan danne basis for en fluidum komposisjon som er anvendbar for hydrauliske formål. As can be seen from the results in table 5, the mixtures no. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are clearly comparable to the usual mineral oil-based hydraulic oils 15 and 16 used for comparison in this example. Mixtures 2 and 9 contain antioxidant additives selected according to the invention, but the quantities used have not been sufficient. From the data shown in table 5, it can be deduced that a triglyceride which is in accordance with the definitions given at the beginning of the present description and which contains a certain amount of carefully selected anti-oxidant additives can form the basis of a fluid composition which is applicable for hydraulic purposes.
Basisblandingen er således særpreget ved det som er angitt i krav l's karakteriserende del. Ytterligere trekk fremgår av kravene 2-5. The base mixture is thus characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Further features appear from requirements 2-5.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen utgjør anti-oksydant andelen i blandingen 2,0 til 4,5 vektprosent av blandingen og anti-oksydanten er valgt slik at minst en forbindelse kommer fra gruppen (1) av blokkerte fenoler (hindered phenolics) og aromatiske aminer og den eller de gjenværende forbindelser som utgjør resten av blandingen, kommer fra gruppen (2) av metallsalter av di-tiosyrer, fosfitter eller sulfider eller fra gruppen (3) av amider, ikke-aromatiske aminer, hydrazider og triazoler. According to the invention, the proportion of antioxidant in the mixture is 2.0 to 4.5% by weight of the mixture and the antioxidant is chosen so that at least one compound comes from the group (1) of hindered phenolics and aromatic amines and the or the remaining compounds making up the rest of the mixture come from the group (2) of metal salts of dithioacids, phosphites or sulfides or from the group (3) of amides, non-aromatic amines, hydrazides and triazoles.
Som eksempler på forbindelser som tilhører de ovenfornevnte grupper kan de følgende nevnes: 1) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metyl-fenol, 2<1>2-metyl-enebis-(4-metyl-6-tert-butylfenol), N,N'-disek-butyl-p-fenylen-diamin, alkylert difenyl-amin, alkylert fenyl-alfa-naftyl-amin 2) sink dialkylditiosfat, tris- (nonylfenyl) fosfitt, dilauryl-tiodipropionat 3) N^-dietyl-N^-difenyloksamid, N,N'-disalicyliden-1,2-propenylendiamin, N,N'-bis (beta-3,5-ditertbutyl-4-hydroksy-fenyl-propiono) hydrazid As examples of compounds belonging to the above-mentioned groups, the following can be mentioned: 1) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2<1>2-methylene-enebis-(4-methyl-6-tert -butylphenol), N,N'-disec-butyl-p-phenylene-diamine, alkylated diphenyl-amine, alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine 2) zinc dialkyldithiophate, tris-(nonylphenyl) phosphite, dilauryl-thiodipropionate 3) N ^-diethyl-N^-diphenyloxamide, N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propenylenediamine, N,N'-bis (beta-3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl-propiono) hydrazide
En indikasjon på resistens mot oksydasjon av oljer er også deres evne til å bibeholde smøreegenskapene ved høye temperaturer. Denne evne ble undersøkt i det etterfølgende eksempel 2. An indication of resistance to oxidation of oils is also their ability to retain their lubricating properties at high temperatures. This ability was examined in the following example 2.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
I forsøkene ble anvendt en "Cameron Plint" prøvemaskin (High Frequency Friction Machine TE. 77). I denne prøvemaskin ble friksjonen mellom et bevegelig og et stasjonært element bestemt ved stigende temperaturer. Som det beveglige element anvendes en stålkule med en diameter på 6 mm, mens det stasjonære element består av en stålplate. Smøremiddelet som skal undersøkes utspredes på platen og den eksponeres mot det omgivende luftoksygen under forsøket. Forsøkene ble utført ved at kulen ble presset mot platen med en kraft på 40 N under en frem og tilbake gående bevegelse med en amplitude på 5 mm og en frekvens på 20 Hz. Temperaturen ved begynnelsen av hver bestemmelse ble justert til 40°C hvor etter den ble forøket med 2°C/min. Temperaturen hvilken friksjoner begynte å øke skarpt ble registrert, og denne temperatur ble anvendt som en indikasjon på sammenbrudd av den smørende film mellom kulen og platen. Filmens sammenbruddstemperatur er et mål for oljens oksydasjonsresistens. Resultatene av prøven er gitt i den etterfølgende tabell 6. A "Cameron Plint" testing machine (High Frequency Friction Machine TE. 77) was used in the experiments. In this test machine, the friction between a moving and a stationary element was determined at rising temperatures. A steel ball with a diameter of 6 mm is used as the moving element, while the stationary element consists of a steel plate. The lubricant to be tested is spread on the plate and it is exposed to the ambient air oxygen during the test. The experiments were carried out by pressing the ball against the plate with a force of 40 N during a back and forth movement with an amplitude of 5 mm and a frequency of 20 Hz. The temperature at the beginning of each determination was adjusted to 40°C after which it was increased by 2°C/min. The temperature at which frictions began to increase sharply was recorded, and this temperature was used as an indication of breakdown of the lubricating film between the ball and the disc. The film's breakdown temperature is a measure of the oil's oxidation resistance. The results of the test are given in the following table 6.
Fra resultatene i tabell 6 (forsøkene 2 og 3) kan det sees at hvis oljen inneholder en anti-oksydant som kan klassifiseres som blokkerte fenoler (Hitec 4735) eller til aromatiske aminer (Irganox L 57) så er filmsammenbruddstemperaturen høyere enn den for en rapsfrøolje. Forsøk 3 viser imidlertid at prosent-andelen av anti-oksydanten ikke har vært tilstrekkelig høy. Resultatene er klart bedre vis oljen inneholder også en liten mengde av en annen oksydant ("Irgalube 349", amino-fosfat-derivat, forsøk 5). Høyere prosentandeler av anti-oksydantene gir resultater som er overlegent bedre enn resultatene som erholdes med hydrokarbonbaserte hydrauliske oljer. From the results in Table 6 (experiments 2 and 3) it can be seen that if the oil contains an antioxidant that can be classified as blocked phenols (Hitec 4735) or to aromatic amines (Irganox L 57) then the film breakdown temperature is higher than that of a rapeseed oil . Experiment 3 shows, however, that the percentage of the antioxidant has not been sufficiently high. The results are clearly better if the oil also contains a small amount of another oxidant ("Irgalube 349", amino-phosphate derivative, experiment 5). Higher percentages of the anti-oxidants provide results that are superior to the results obtained with hydrocarbon-based hydraulic oils.
Egenskapene for hydrauliske fluida i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble også undersøkt i et fullskala forsøk som er beskrevet i det etterfølgende eksempel 3. The properties of hydraulic fluids according to the invention were also investigated in a full-scale experiment which is described in the following example 3.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Et vegetabilsk oljebasert hydraulisk fluidum ble undersøkt under anvendelse av som referanse et kommeriselt mineraloljebasert hydraulisk fluidum. Ved forsøket ble to nye identiske hydrauliske minelastere anvendt. Under forsøket varierte trykket i de hydrauliske kretser fra 0-165 bar og temperaturen for det hydrauliske fluidum var 60-80°C. Hydrauliske trykk ble generert med girpumper og kraften ble tatt ut ved hjelp av sylinder-stempel anordninger. A vegetable oil-based hydraulic fluid was investigated using as a reference a commercial mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid. In the experiment, two new identical hydraulic mine loaders were used. During the experiment, the pressure in the hydraulic circuits varied from 0-165 bar and the temperature of the hydraulic fluid was 60-80°C. Hydraulic pressures were generated with gear pumps and the power was extracted using cylinder-piston devices.
De hydrauliske fluida var: 1. Vegetabilsk olje2. Vegetabilsk olje The hydraulic fluids were: 1. Vegetable oil2. Vegetable oil
3. Mineraloljebasert hydraulisk 3. Mineral oil-based hydraulic
fluidum, "Teboil OK 14-46" fluid, "Teboil OK 14-46"
Den etterfølgende tabell 7 angir viskositeten for oljene etter lengre tidsdrift. The subsequent table 7 indicates the viscosity of the oils after a longer period of operation.
I det samme forsøk ble også volumeffektiviteten for de hydrauliske systemer 2 og 3 bestemt under forsøksperioden og resultatene i den etterfølgende tabell 8. Effektivitetsforsøkene ble utført under anvendelse av fludiumtrykk på 165 bar og en temperatur på 65°C. In the same experiment, the volume efficiency of the hydraulic systems 2 and 3 was also determined during the experimental period and the results in the subsequent table 8. The efficiency experiments were carried out using a fluid pressure of 165 bar and a temperature of 65°C.
Forsøksresultatene i tabell 7 indikerer at varighet mot skjærbelastning for vegetabilsk oljebasert fluidum var bedre enn den for mineraloljebasert fluidum. The test results in Table 7 indicate that duration against shear stress for vegetable oil-based fluid was better than that for mineral oil-based fluid.
Forsøksresultatene i tabell 8 indikerer at effektiviteten for systemet som inneholder vegetabilsk oljebasert fluidum avtar langsommere enn den for mineraloljebaserte fluidum. The test results in Table 8 indicate that the efficiency of the system containing the vegetable oil-based fluid decreases more slowly than that of the mineral oil-based fluid.
De smørende egenskaper for de hydrauliske fluidum basert på triglyseridblandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen ble undersøkt ved hjelp av prøvemetoden beskrevet i det etterfølgende eksempel 4 The lubricating properties of the hydraulic fluids based on the triglyceride mixture according to the invention were investigated using the test method described in the following example 4
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Rapsfrøoljens egnethet som hydraulisk fluidum ble undersøkt i en firekuletester i henhold til prøvemetoden IP 239 hvor prøveperioden var 1 time og belastningen 1 kg, såvel som i henhold til standard Test Method STD Nr. 791/6503,1 i henhold til hvilken belastningen øker trinnvis under prøveperioder av Rapeseed oil's suitability as a hydraulic fluid was examined in a four-ball tester according to test method IP 239 where the test period was 1 hour and the load 1 kg, as well as according to standard Test Method STD No. 791/6503,1 according to which the load increases gradually during trial periods of
10 s. De undersøkte oljer ér vist i tabell 9. 10 p. The examined oils are shown in table 9.
Alle de undersøkte oljer hørte til viskositetskategorien i ISO VG 32 i henhold til prøvemetoden ASTM D 2422. All the examined oils belonged to the viscosity category in ISO VG 32 according to the test method ASTM D 2422.
Resultatet av forsøket er vist i tabell 10. The result of the experiment is shown in table 10.
Smøreegenskapene ble også sammenlignet under anvendelse av et girsystem, hvilket bestemmelse er beskrevet i det etter-følgende eksempel 5 The lubrication properties were also compared using a gear system, which determination is described in the following example 5
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Den beskyttende virkning av tre hydrauliske fluida på gir-systemer mot slitasje ble bestemt under anvendelse av FZG-metoden med henhold til standard DIN 51354 E ("FZG gir rig test maskin"). The protective effect of three hydraulic fluids on gear systems against wear was determined using the FZG method according to standard DIN 51354 E ("FZG gear rig test machine").
De anvendte oljer var: The oils used were:
Olje nr. Oil no.
"Sarkosyl 0" er N-akyl-sarkosin (Ciba-Geigy). Resultatene av dette forsøk er vist i den etterfølgene tabell 11. "Sarkosyl 0" is N-acyl-sarcosine (Ciba-Geigy). The results of this experiment are shown in the following table 11.
I tillegg til basisblåndingen for det hydrauliske fluidum i henhold til oppfinnelsen så kan dette også omfatte andre bestanddeler: - Grensesmøremiddel-additiver, så som metall di-alkyl-ditiofosfater, metall diaryl-tiofosfater, metall dialkyl-ditiokarbonater, alkyl-fosfater, fosforiserte fett og olefiner, svovlede fett og fettderivater, klorerte fett og fettderivater - Korrosjonsinhibitorer så som metall sulfonater, sure fosfat-estere, aminer og alkyl-ravsyre-syrer - VI (viskositetindeks) forbedrer, så som polymetakrylater, styren-butadien kopolymere, polyisobutylener - Hellepunkt undertrykkere så som klorinerte polymerer, alkylerte fenol-polymere, polymetakrylater. In addition to the base blend for the hydraulic fluid according to the invention, this may also include other components: - Boundary lubricant additives, such as metal di-alkyl dithiophosphates, metal diaryl thiophosphates, metal dialkyl dithiocarbonates, alkyl phosphates, phosphorized fats and olefins, sulfurized fats and fat derivatives, chlorinated fats and fat derivatives - Corrosion inhibitors such as metal sulphonates, acid phosphate esters, amines and alkyl-succinic acids - VI (viscosity index) improvers, such as polymethacrylates, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyisobutylenes - Pour point suppressors such as chlorinated polymers, alkylated phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates.
- Skum undertrykkere så som polysiloksaner, polyakrylater - Foam suppressors such as polysiloxanes, polyacrylates
- Emulgeringsnedbrytende midler så som tungmetall såper, Ca-og Mg-sulfonater. - Emulsification breaking agents such as heavy metal soaps, Ca and Mg sulphonates.
Fra basis sammensetningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan det fremstilles hydrauliske fluida for forskjellige formål ved å justere deres viskositet. Den etterfølgende tabell 12 gir et eksempel på justeringsmulighetene. From the base composition according to the invention, hydraulic fluids can be produced for various purposes by adjusting their viscosity. The following table 12 gives an example of the adjustment options.
Tabell 12 Table 12
Fra basisblandingen i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble fremstilt hydrauliske fluida med forskjellige viskositetsklasser (ASTM D 2422) From the base mixture according to the invention, hydraulic fluids with different viscosity classes were produced (ASTM D 2422)
"Rilanit EHO": 2-etylheksyl-oleat, (Henkel) "Rilanit EHO": 2-ethylhexyl oleate, (Henkel)
"Priolube 3987": pentaerytritol-ester, (Unichema) "Priolube 3986": kompleks ester, (Unichema). "Priolube 3987": pentaerythritol ester, (Unichema) "Priolube 3986": complex ester, (Unichema).
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/007,627 US4783274A (en) | 1983-02-11 | 1987-01-28 | Hydraulic fluids |
PCT/FI1988/000011 WO1988005808A1 (en) | 1987-01-28 | 1988-01-27 | Hydraulic fluids |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO884237D0 NO884237D0 (en) | 1988-09-23 |
NO884237L NO884237L (en) | 1988-09-23 |
NO174060B true NO174060B (en) | 1993-11-29 |
Family
ID=21727264
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO884237A NO174060B (en) | 1987-01-28 | 1988-09-23 | BASIC MIXTURE FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID AND HYDRAULIC FLUID MADE BASED ON THE MIXTURE |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0349534B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE83003T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1227388A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3876432T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK536188A (en) |
NO (1) | NO174060B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1988005808A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69232260T2 (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 2002-07-25 | The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe | THE USE OF FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS WITH TRIGLYCERIDES AND DIFFERENT ADDITIVES AS TRACTOR LUBRICANTS |
DE4202034A1 (en) * | 1992-01-25 | 1993-07-29 | Rwe Dea Ag | hydraulic fluids |
FI94278C (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1995-08-10 | Risto Wisakanto | Use of a pressure medium in drilling |
DE69324746T2 (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1999-10-21 | The Lubrizol Corp., Wickliffe | Antioxidants for highly monounsaturated vegetable oils |
GB9221846D0 (en) * | 1992-10-17 | 1992-12-02 | Castrol Ltd | Lubricants |
GB9221841D0 (en) * | 1992-10-17 | 1992-12-02 | Castrol Ltd | Industrial oils |
US5358652A (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-10-25 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Limited | Inhibiting hydrolytic degradation of hydrolyzable oleaginous fluids |
DE4323771A1 (en) * | 1993-07-15 | 1995-01-19 | Henkel Kgaa | Triglyceride-based base oil for hydraulic oils |
US5338471A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1994-08-16 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Pour point depressants for industrial lubricants containing mixtures of fatty acid esters and vegetable oils |
US6156228A (en) | 1994-11-16 | 2000-12-05 | Houghton International, Inc. | Trialkoxyalkylphosphate-based fire resistant fluid containing triglyceride |
US5580482A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-12-03 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Stabilized lubricant compositions |
JP2001214187A (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-07 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | Hydraulic fluid composition |
DE102004018732A1 (en) * | 2004-04-17 | 2005-11-03 | Gunnar Berle | oil separator |
EP2228425A1 (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2010-09-15 | Dako Ag | Lubricant |
DE102012222747A1 (en) | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-12 | Gunnar Berle | Compressor i.e. rotary screw compressor, for use in compressed air-powered machine or tool to produce pressurized air, has heat exchanger through which compressed air is dewatered and cooled in cooling device |
CN116814312A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-29 | 上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司 | A high temperature resistant antioxidant composition and its preparation method |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1789927A (en) * | 1927-09-23 | 1931-01-20 | Vanderbilt Co R T | Oil composition |
DK117012B (en) * | 1966-04-19 | 1970-03-09 | Sun Oil Co | Hydraulic oil that is resistant to oxidation. |
US4278554A (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1981-07-14 | Ethyl Corporation | Antioxidant |
US4532059A (en) * | 1982-11-25 | 1985-07-30 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Benzylated phenols |
FI66899C (en) * | 1983-02-11 | 1984-12-10 | Kasvisoeljy Vaextolje Ab Oy | SMOERJMEDEL MED TRIGLYCERIDER SOM HUVUDKONPONENT |
JPS59227986A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1984-12-21 | Kao Corp | Metal working oil composition |
GB2152073B (en) * | 1983-12-23 | 1986-10-22 | Ciba Geigy | Lubricant stabilizer additives |
CA1248516A (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1989-01-10 | Stephen C. Cohen | Lubricating oil compositions containing novel combination of stabilizers |
-
1988
- 1988-01-27 DE DE8888901051T patent/DE3876432T2/en not_active Revoked
- 1988-01-27 EP EP88901051A patent/EP0349534B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-27 AU AU12273/88A patent/AU1227388A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1988-01-27 AT AT88901051T patent/ATE83003T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-01-27 WO PCT/FI1988/000011 patent/WO1988005808A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-23 NO NO884237A patent/NO174060B/en unknown
- 1988-09-27 DK DK536188A patent/DK536188A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE83003T1 (en) | 1992-12-15 |
EP0349534B1 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
AU1227388A (en) | 1988-08-24 |
DK536188D0 (en) | 1988-09-27 |
EP0349534A1 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
DK536188A (en) | 1988-09-27 |
WO1988005808A1 (en) | 1988-08-11 |
DE3876432D1 (en) | 1993-01-14 |
NO884237D0 (en) | 1988-09-23 |
DE3876432T2 (en) | 1993-04-08 |
NO884237L (en) | 1988-09-23 |
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