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NO174060B - BASIC MIXTURE FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID AND HYDRAULIC FLUID MADE BASED ON THE MIXTURE - Google Patents

BASIC MIXTURE FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID AND HYDRAULIC FLUID MADE BASED ON THE MIXTURE Download PDF

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Publication number
NO174060B
NO174060B NO884237A NO884237A NO174060B NO 174060 B NO174060 B NO 174060B NO 884237 A NO884237 A NO 884237A NO 884237 A NO884237 A NO 884237A NO 174060 B NO174060 B NO 174060B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
mixture
hydraulic fluids
hydraulic
oils
triglycerides
Prior art date
Application number
NO884237A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO884237D0 (en
NO884237L (en
Inventor
Gert Stenmark
Kari Jokinen
Heikki Kerkkonen
Eero Leppaemaeki
Piirilae Eino
Original Assignee
Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab
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Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=21727264&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=NO174060(B) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from US07/007,627 external-priority patent/US4783274A/en
Application filed by Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab filed Critical Raision Tehtaat Oy Ab
Publication of NO884237D0 publication Critical patent/NO884237D0/en
Publication of NO884237L publication Critical patent/NO884237L/en
Publication of NO174060B publication Critical patent/NO174060B/en

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Abstract

Hydraulic fluids based on natural triglycerides. The base composition for these hydraulic fluids consists of at least one natural triglyceride and one anti-oxidant additive. The triglyceride suitable for the composition can be defined as an ester of a straight-chain C10 to C22 fatty acid and glycerol which has an iodine number of between 50 and 128. The fraction of the anti-oxidant additives is selected preferably among hindered phenolics and aromatic amines, but can be completed by compounds selected from metal salts of dithioacids, phosphites, sulfides, amides, non-aromatic amines, hydrazides and triazols. Preferred amount of the anti-oxidant(s) in the fluid is 1.5 to 4.5 percent by weight.

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida av den art som er angitt i krav l's ingress, samt et hydraulisk fluidum som angitt i krav 6. The present invention relates to a base mixture for hydraulic fluids of the kind specified in claim 1's preamble, as well as a hydraulic fluid as specified in claim 6.

Hydrauliske fluida som vanligvis anvendes er petroleums-baserte, kjemisk mettede eller umettede, uforgrenede eller forgrenede eller ringtype hydrokarboner. Hydraulic fluids that are usually used are petroleum-based, chemically saturated or unsaturated, unbranched or branched or ring-type hydrocarbons.

Petroieumsbaserte hydrauliske fluida innbefatter imidlertid fare for omgivelsene og helsen. Hydrokarboner kan utgjøre en kreftrisiko ved forlenget kontakt med huden såvel som fare for ødeleggelse av lungene når den trekkes inn med luften. Ytterligere når olje får utslippe i omgivelsene forårsaket av spill vil dette forårsake forurensing av jordsmonnet og grunnvannet, selv i små mengder. De er også toksiske for livet i elver, innsjøer, etc. Petroleum-based hydraulic fluids, however, involve environmental and health hazards. Hydrocarbons can pose a cancer risk through prolonged contact with the skin as well as the risk of damage to the lungs when inhaled with the air. Furthermore, when oil is released into the environment caused by spills, this will cause contamination of the soil and groundwater, even in small quantities. They are also toxic to life in rivers, lakes, etc.

I tillegg til det som er angitt ovenfor så har hydrokarbonoljer som sådanne i realiteten en meget begrenset anvendelse og derfor inneholder hydrauliske fluida, basert på slike oljer et antall additiver i betydelige mengder. Petroleum er også en ikke-fornybar naturlig ressurs, og således av begrenset tilgjenglighet. Det er således et åpenbart behov for fluida for hydrauliske formål som er basert på fornybare, naturlige ressurser og som samtidig kan tåles av omgivelsene. En slik naturlig basiskomponent for hydrauliske fluida er oljeaktige triglyserider, slik som foreslått i GB patent nr. 2 134 923. In addition to what has been stated above, hydrocarbon oils as such have in reality a very limited application and therefore hydraulic fluids based on such oils contain a number of additives in significant quantities. Petroleum is also a non-renewable natural resource, and thus of limited availability. There is thus an obvious need for fluids for hydraulic purposes which are based on renewable, natural resources and which at the same time can be tolerated by the environment. One such natural base component for hydraulic fluids is oily triglycerides, as proposed in GB patent no. 2 134 923.

Triglyseridene beskrevet i det nevnte GB patent nr. 2 134 923 er glyserolesteret av fettsyrer og den kjemiske struktur for disse estere kan defineres ved hjelp av den følgende formel: hvor i Ri, R2 og R3 kan være like eller forskjellige og er valgt fra gruppen bestående av mettede eller umettede rett-kjedete alkyl, alkenyl og alkandienylkjeder med vanligvis 9-22 karbonatomer. The triglycerides described in the aforementioned GB patent no. 2 134 923 are the glycerol esters of fatty acids and the chemical structure of these esters can be defined using the following formula: where in Ri, R2 and R3 can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of of saturated or unsaturated straight-chain alkyl, alkenyl and alkandienyl chains of usually 9-22 carbon atoms.

Triglyseridene kan også i henhold til nevnte GB patent nr. 2.134 923 inneholde små mengder av en alkantrienylsyrerest, The triglycerides can also, according to the aforementioned GB patent no. 2,134,923, contain small amounts of an alkantrienylic acid residue,

men en større mengde er ødeleggende fordi en slik rest fremmer oksydasjon av triglyseridoljen. Visse triglyseridoljer såkalte tørkende oljer inneholder betydelige mengder av alkatrienyl og alkadienyl grupper og de danner faste filmer under innvirkning av luftens oksygen. Slike oljer hvis jodtall vanligvis er but a larger amount is destructive because such a residue promotes oxidation of the triglyceride oil. Certain triglyceride oils, so-called drying oils, contain significant amounts of alkatrienyl and alkadienyl groups and they form solid films under the influence of atmospheric oxygen. Such oils whose iodine number is usually

høyere enn 130 og som bl.a. anvendes som bestanddeler i spesialbelegg kan ikke komme i betraktning for anvendelse i hydrauliske fluida. higher than 130 and which i.a. used as components in special coatings cannot be considered for use in hydraulic fluids.

I GB nr. 2 134 923 er det angitt at hvilket som helst andre oljeaktige triglyserider med et jodtall på minst 50 og ikke mere enn 128 er egnet for formålet. Spesielt egnete er triglyserider av oleinsyre-linolensyre som ikke inneholder mere enn 20 vektprosent forestrede, mettede fettsyrer, beregnet på mengden av forestrede fettsyrer. Disse oljer er væsker ved 15-20°C og deres viktigste fettsyrerester er avledet fra de følgende umettede syrer: oleinsyre, 9-okta-dekensyre, linolensyre, 9,12-okta-dekadiensyre. For anvendelse ved normale temperaturer er de mest foretrukne av disse triglyserider av vegetabilsk opprinnelse og er beskrevet til å være de som inneholder forestret oleinsyre i en mengde som overskrider 50 vektprosent av den totale mengde av fettsyrene ( Tabell 1). In GB No. 2 134 923 it is stated that any other oily triglycerides with an iodine number of at least 50 and not more than 128 are suitable for the purpose. Particularly suitable are triglycerides of oleic acid-linolenic acid which do not contain more than 20 percent by weight of esterified, saturated fatty acids, calculated on the amount of esterified fatty acids. These oils are liquids at 15-20°C and their main fatty acid residues are derived from the following unsaturated acids: oleic acid, 9-octa-decanoic acid, linolenic acid, 9,12-octa-decadienoic acid. For use at normal temperatures, the most preferred of these are triglycerides of vegetable origin and are described to be those containing esterified oleic acid in an amount exceeding 50 percent by weight of the total amount of the fatty acids (Table 1).

Det er karakteristisk for alle oljeaktige triglyserider at deres viskositeter endres i mindre grad enn viskositetene for hydrokarbon-basisoljer ved endring av temperaturen. Viskositet-til-temperaturforhold egenskapene for hver av oljene kan karakteriseres ved hjelp av den empiriske viskositets-indeks (VI), hvis numeriske verdi er høyere jo mindre viskositeten for oljen endres ved en forandring i temperaturen. Viskositetsindeksene for triglyserider er klart høyere enn de for hydrokarbonoljer uten tilsetningsmiddel, slik at triglyseridene av natur er såkalte multigrad oljer. Dette er av betydelig viktighet under betingelser hvor driftstempera-turen kan variere innen vide grenser. Viskositeter og viskositetsindekser for visse triglyserider er vist i tabell 2. It is characteristic of all oily triglycerides that their viscosities change to a lesser extent than the viscosities of hydrocarbon base oils when the temperature changes. The viscosity-to-temperature ratio properties of each of the oils can be characterized using the empirical viscosity index (VI), whose numerical value is higher the less the viscosity of the oil changes with a change in temperature. The viscosity indices for triglycerides are clearly higher than those for hydrocarbon oils without additives, so that triglycerides are by nature so-called multigrade oils. This is of considerable importance under conditions where the operating temperature can vary within wide limits. Viscosities and viscosity indices for certain triglycerides are shown in Table 2.

Røykpunktet for triglyserider er over 200°C og flammepunktet over 300"C (begge bestemt i henhold til AOCS Ce 9a-48 eller ASTM D 1310). Flammepunktet for hydrokarbon-basisoljer er som regel klart lavere. The smoke point of triglycerides is above 200°C and the flash point above 300°C (both determined according to AOCS Ce 9a-48 or ASTM D 1310). The flash point of hydrocarbon base oils is usually clearly lower.

Triglyseride oljer skiller seg fullstendig fra ikke-polare hydrokarbonoljer med hensyn til at de har polar natur. Dette er grunnen til den fremragende evne til triglyserider for å bli absorbert på metalloverflater som en meget tynn ved-heftende film. Et studium av drift av glideflater plassert i nært forhold til hverandre og under betraktning av trykk og temperatur som er fundamentale faktorer som påvirker smøring viser at de filmdannende egenskaper for triglyserider er spesielt fordelaktig i hydrauliske systemer. Triglyceride oils differ completely from non-polar hydrocarbon oils in that they are polar in nature. This is the reason for the outstanding ability of triglycerides to be absorbed on metal surfaces as a very thin adhesive film. A study of the operation of sliding surfaces placed in close relation to each other and taking into account pressure and temperature, which are fundamental factors affecting lubrication, shows that the film-forming properties of triglycerides are particularly advantageous in hydraulic systems.

I tillegg vil vann ikke kunne presse en triglyserid oljefilm fra en metallflate så lett som en hydrokarbonfilm. In addition, water will not be able to push a triglyceride oil film from a metal surface as easily as a hydrocarbon film.

Rapsfrøolje er vurdert som et eksempel på monomere triglyseride oljer for anvendelse i hydrauliske fluida i henhold til GB patent nr. 2 134 923, hvilken rapsfrøolje også erholdes fra underartene Brassica campestris og denne inneholder i sin for tiden konversielle form lite eller ingen erucinsyre. Det må imidlertid tas i betrakning at anvendbare triglyserid oljer adskiller seg fra rapsfrøoljer kun med hensyn til sammensetningen av fettsyrene som er forestret med glyserol, disse forskjeller viser seg som forskjellige hellepunkter og viskositeter for oljene. Selv oljene erholdt fra undergruppen fra raps og fra deres beslektede underklasser utviser forskjeller med hensyn til hellepunkter og viskositeter som følge av forskjeller i sammensetningen av fettsyrer, slik det fremgår av tabell 3. Av rapsfrøoljene nevnt i tabellen er den første (eruca) erholdt fra undergrupper som har et høyere innhold av erucinsyre (C 22:1). Rapeseed oil has been assessed as an example of monomeric triglyceride oils for use in hydraulic fluids according to GB patent no. 2 134 923, which rapeseed oil is also obtained from the subspecies Brassica campestris and this, in its currently convertible form, contains little or no erucic acid. However, it must be taken into account that usable triglyceride oils differ from rapeseed oils only with respect to the composition of the fatty acids esterified with glycerol, these differences manifest as different pour points and viscosities for the oils. Even the oils obtained from the rapeseed subgroup and from their related subclasses show differences in pour points and viscosities due to differences in the composition of fatty acids, as shown in Table 3. Of the rapeseed oils mentioned in the table, the first (eruca) is obtained from subgroups which has a higher content of erucic acid (C 22:1).

I tabell 4 er egenskapsdata for rapsfrøolje sammenlignet med visse kommersielle basismineraloljer. In Table 4, property data for rapeseed oil are compared with certain commercial base mineral oils.

De ovenfor viste data indikerer at triglyseridene har mange egenskaper som er fordelaktige, spesielt i hydrauliske fluida. Som tidligere nevnt er viskositetsindeksen (VI) for triglyseridene overlegent bedre sammenlignet med mineraloljeprodukter. Viskositetsindeksen for triglyserid oljene er åpenbart også mere stabile mot mekaniske og varme påkjenninger som eksi-sterer i hydrauliske systemer enn viskositetsindeksen for hydrauliske fluida basert på sammensatte mineraloljer og som inneholder polymere viskositetsindeksforbedrere. I tillegg kan det forventes at evnen til det polare triglyseridmolekyl vil vedhefte til metalloverflåtene vil forbedre smøreevnene for disse triglyserider. Den eneste egenskap for de naturlige triglyserider så har vist seg å forhindre deres påtenkte anvendelse for hydrauliske formål er deres tendense til lett oksydasjon. The data shown above indicate that the triglycerides have many properties that are beneficial, especially in hydraulic fluids. As previously mentioned, the viscosity index (VI) for the triglycerides is superior compared to mineral oil products. The viscosity index for the triglyceride oils is obviously also more stable against mechanical and heat stresses that exist in hydraulic systems than the viscosity index for hydraulic fluids based on compound mineral oils and containing polymeric viscosity index improvers. In addition, it can be expected that the ability of the polar triglyceride molecule to adhere to the metal surfaces will improve the lubricating properties of these triglycerides. The only property of the natural triglycerides that has been shown to prevent their intended use for hydraulic purposes is their tendency to easy oxidation.

Oksydasjonen har mange negative innvirkninger på egenskapene for et hydraulisk fluidum basert på et naturlig triglyserid, hvorpå et slikt fluidum må erstattes med ferskt fluidum oftere enn for fluida basert på hydrokarbonoljer. The oxidation has many negative effects on the properties of a hydraulic fluid based on a natural triglyceride, whereupon such a fluid must be replaced with fresh fluid more often than for fluids based on hydrocarbon oils.

For eksempel vil viskositeten for den naturlige triglyserid hydrauliske fluidum øke som følge av oksydasjon. Oksydasjon vil også forårsake skumming av fluidumet og filtrerings-egenskapene for fluidumet nedsettes og den høye vann-oppløslighet forårsaker problemer i det hydrauliske system. Oksydasjonsproduktene er også korrosive. For å unngå disse problemer forårsaket av oksydasjon må arbeidstemperaturen for de hydrauliske system holdes lavere enn det hvor hydrokarbonbaserte oljer anvendes. For example, the viscosity of the natural triglyceride hydraulic fluid will increase as a result of oxidation. Oxidation will also cause foaming of the fluid and the filtration properties of the fluid are reduced and the high water solubility causes problems in the hydraulic system. The oxidation products are also corrosive. To avoid these problems caused by oxidation, the working temperature of the hydraulic system must be kept lower than that where hydrocarbon-based oils are used.

Det har imidlertid blitt bemerket at tendensen for de naturlige triglyserider til å bli oksydert kan i det vesent-lige nedsettes til det samme nivå som det for vanlige hydrokarbon-baserte hydrauliske oljer, ved tilsetning av additiver i meget moderate mengder, hvilke additiver velges i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Dette faktum fremgår av det However, it has been noted that the tendency of the natural triglycerides to be oxidized can be essentially reduced to the same level as that of ordinary hydrocarbon-based hydraulic oils, by the addition of additives in very moderate amounts, which additives are selected according to to the invention. This fact is evident from it

etterfølgende eksempel 1. following example 1.

Eksempel 1 Example 1

I dette eksempel ble stabiliteten for hydrauliske fluida mot oksydativ nedbrytning undersøkt. De aktuelle fluida ble undersøkt med et apparat i henhold til forsøksmetoden ASTM D 525 ved å innføre i et trykk-kar 100 ml av væsken som skulle undersøkes. Karet ble lukket og plassert i kokende vann og under forsøket ble oksygentrykket i karet bestemt De anvendte additiver var: "Irgalup 349" aminofosfatderivat (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 130" blanding av tertiær-butyl-fenol derivater (Ciba-Geigy), "Reomet 39" triazolderivater (Ciba-Geigy) , "Anglamol 75" sink-dialkylditio-fosfat (Lubrizol), "EN 1235 "kortacid" T derivat (Akzo Chemie), "Hitec 4735 blanding av tertiær-butyl-fenolderivat (Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd.)/ "Irganox PS 800" dilauryl tio-di-propionat (Ciba-Geigy) , "Irganox L 800" triaryl-fosfitt (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 57" blanding av alkyl-difenyl-amin (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganlube TPPT" trifenylfosforotionat (Ciba-Geigy), "Tinuvin 770" bis (2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl) sebacat (Ciba-Geigy), "Vanlube AZ" sink-diamyl-ditiokarbamat (R.T. Vanderbilt), "Additin 10" 2,6-tertiær-butyl-4-metylfenol (Rhein-Chemie). In this example, the stability of hydraulic fluids against oxidative degradation was investigated. The relevant fluids were examined with an apparatus according to the test method ASTM D 525 by introducing 100 ml of the liquid to be examined into a pressure vessel. The vessel was closed and placed in boiling water and during the experiment the oxygen pressure in the vessel was determined The additives used were: "Irgalup 349" aminophosphate derivative (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 130" mixture of tertiary-butyl-phenol derivatives (Ciba-Geigy) , "Reomet 39" triazole derivatives (Ciba-Geigy), "Anglamol 75" zinc-dialkyldithio-phosphate (Lubrizol), "EN 1235 "kortacid" T derivative (Akzo Chemie), "Hitec 4735 mixture of tertiary-butyl-phenol derivative (Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd.)/ "Irganox PS 800" dilauryl thio-di-propionate (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 800" triaryl-phosphite (Ciba-Geigy), "Irganox L 57" mixture of alkyl-diphenyl-amine ( Ciba-Geigy), "Irganlube TPPT" triphenylphosphorothionate (Ciba-Geigy), "Tinuvin 770" bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (Ciba-Geigy), "Vanlube AZ" zinc diamyl -dithiocarbamate (R.T. Vanderbilt), "Additin 10" 2,6-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol (Rhein-Chemie).

Resultatene er gitt i tabell 5. The results are given in table 5.

Slik det fremgår av resultatene i tabell 5 er blandingene nr. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 og 14 klart sammenlignbare med de vanlige mineraloljebaserte hydrauliske oljer 15 og 16 anvendt for sammenligning i dette eksempel. Blandingene 2 og 9 inneholder anti-oksydante additiver utvalgt i henhold til oppfinnelsen, men de anvendte mengder har ikke vært til-strekkelige. Fra de data som er vist i tabell 5 kan det utledes at et triglyserid som er i overenstemmelse med de definisjoner som er gitt i begynnelsen av foreliggende beskrivelse og som inneholder en vis mengde av omhyggelig utvalgte anti-oksydante additiver kan danne basis for en fluidum komposisjon som er anvendbar for hydrauliske formål. As can be seen from the results in table 5, the mixtures no. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are clearly comparable to the usual mineral oil-based hydraulic oils 15 and 16 used for comparison in this example. Mixtures 2 and 9 contain antioxidant additives selected according to the invention, but the quantities used have not been sufficient. From the data shown in table 5, it can be deduced that a triglyceride which is in accordance with the definitions given at the beginning of the present description and which contains a certain amount of carefully selected anti-oxidant additives can form the basis of a fluid composition which is applicable for hydraulic purposes.

Basisblandingen er således særpreget ved det som er angitt i krav l's karakteriserende del. Ytterligere trekk fremgår av kravene 2-5. The base mixture is thus characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Further features appear from requirements 2-5.

I henhold til oppfinnelsen utgjør anti-oksydant andelen i blandingen 2,0 til 4,5 vektprosent av blandingen og anti-oksydanten er valgt slik at minst en forbindelse kommer fra gruppen (1) av blokkerte fenoler (hindered phenolics) og aromatiske aminer og den eller de gjenværende forbindelser som utgjør resten av blandingen, kommer fra gruppen (2) av metallsalter av di-tiosyrer, fosfitter eller sulfider eller fra gruppen (3) av amider, ikke-aromatiske aminer, hydrazider og triazoler. According to the invention, the proportion of antioxidant in the mixture is 2.0 to 4.5% by weight of the mixture and the antioxidant is chosen so that at least one compound comes from the group (1) of hindered phenolics and aromatic amines and the or the remaining compounds making up the rest of the mixture come from the group (2) of metal salts of dithioacids, phosphites or sulfides or from the group (3) of amides, non-aromatic amines, hydrazides and triazoles.

Som eksempler på forbindelser som tilhører de ovenfornevnte grupper kan de følgende nevnes: 1) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metyl-fenol, 2<1>2-metyl-enebis-(4-metyl-6-tert-butylfenol), N,N'-disek-butyl-p-fenylen-diamin, alkylert difenyl-amin, alkylert fenyl-alfa-naftyl-amin 2) sink dialkylditiosfat, tris- (nonylfenyl) fosfitt, dilauryl-tiodipropionat 3) N^-dietyl-N^-difenyloksamid, N,N'-disalicyliden-1,2-propenylendiamin, N,N'-bis (beta-3,5-ditertbutyl-4-hydroksy-fenyl-propiono) hydrazid As examples of compounds belonging to the above-mentioned groups, the following can be mentioned: 1) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2<1>2-methylene-enebis-(4-methyl-6-tert -butylphenol), N,N'-disec-butyl-p-phenylene-diamine, alkylated diphenyl-amine, alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthyl-amine 2) zinc dialkyldithiophate, tris-(nonylphenyl) phosphite, dilauryl-thiodipropionate 3) N ^-diethyl-N^-diphenyloxamide, N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-propenylenediamine, N,N'-bis (beta-3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl-propiono) hydrazide

En indikasjon på resistens mot oksydasjon av oljer er også deres evne til å bibeholde smøreegenskapene ved høye temperaturer. Denne evne ble undersøkt i det etterfølgende eksempel 2. An indication of resistance to oxidation of oils is also their ability to retain their lubricating properties at high temperatures. This ability was examined in the following example 2.

Eksempel 2 Example 2

I forsøkene ble anvendt en "Cameron Plint" prøvemaskin (High Frequency Friction Machine TE. 77). I denne prøvemaskin ble friksjonen mellom et bevegelig og et stasjonært element bestemt ved stigende temperaturer. Som det beveglige element anvendes en stålkule med en diameter på 6 mm, mens det stasjonære element består av en stålplate. Smøremiddelet som skal undersøkes utspredes på platen og den eksponeres mot det omgivende luftoksygen under forsøket. Forsøkene ble utført ved at kulen ble presset mot platen med en kraft på 40 N under en frem og tilbake gående bevegelse med en amplitude på 5 mm og en frekvens på 20 Hz. Temperaturen ved begynnelsen av hver bestemmelse ble justert til 40°C hvor etter den ble forøket med 2°C/min. Temperaturen hvilken friksjoner begynte å øke skarpt ble registrert, og denne temperatur ble anvendt som en indikasjon på sammenbrudd av den smørende film mellom kulen og platen. Filmens sammenbruddstemperatur er et mål for oljens oksydasjonsresistens. Resultatene av prøven er gitt i den etterfølgende tabell 6. A "Cameron Plint" testing machine (High Frequency Friction Machine TE. 77) was used in the experiments. In this test machine, the friction between a moving and a stationary element was determined at rising temperatures. A steel ball with a diameter of 6 mm is used as the moving element, while the stationary element consists of a steel plate. The lubricant to be tested is spread on the plate and it is exposed to the ambient air oxygen during the test. The experiments were carried out by pressing the ball against the plate with a force of 40 N during a back and forth movement with an amplitude of 5 mm and a frequency of 20 Hz. The temperature at the beginning of each determination was adjusted to 40°C after which it was increased by 2°C/min. The temperature at which frictions began to increase sharply was recorded, and this temperature was used as an indication of breakdown of the lubricating film between the ball and the disc. The film's breakdown temperature is a measure of the oil's oxidation resistance. The results of the test are given in the following table 6.

Fra resultatene i tabell 6 (forsøkene 2 og 3) kan det sees at hvis oljen inneholder en anti-oksydant som kan klassifiseres som blokkerte fenoler (Hitec 4735) eller til aromatiske aminer (Irganox L 57) så er filmsammenbruddstemperaturen høyere enn den for en rapsfrøolje. Forsøk 3 viser imidlertid at prosent-andelen av anti-oksydanten ikke har vært tilstrekkelig høy. Resultatene er klart bedre vis oljen inneholder også en liten mengde av en annen oksydant ("Irgalube 349", amino-fosfat-derivat, forsøk 5). Høyere prosentandeler av anti-oksydantene gir resultater som er overlegent bedre enn resultatene som erholdes med hydrokarbonbaserte hydrauliske oljer. From the results in Table 6 (experiments 2 and 3) it can be seen that if the oil contains an antioxidant that can be classified as blocked phenols (Hitec 4735) or to aromatic amines (Irganox L 57) then the film breakdown temperature is higher than that of a rapeseed oil . Experiment 3 shows, however, that the percentage of the antioxidant has not been sufficiently high. The results are clearly better if the oil also contains a small amount of another oxidant ("Irgalube 349", amino-phosphate derivative, experiment 5). Higher percentages of the anti-oxidants provide results that are superior to the results obtained with hydrocarbon-based hydraulic oils.

Egenskapene for hydrauliske fluida i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble også undersøkt i et fullskala forsøk som er beskrevet i det etterfølgende eksempel 3. The properties of hydraulic fluids according to the invention were also investigated in a full-scale experiment which is described in the following example 3.

Eksempel 3 Example 3

Et vegetabilsk oljebasert hydraulisk fluidum ble undersøkt under anvendelse av som referanse et kommeriselt mineraloljebasert hydraulisk fluidum. Ved forsøket ble to nye identiske hydrauliske minelastere anvendt. Under forsøket varierte trykket i de hydrauliske kretser fra 0-165 bar og temperaturen for det hydrauliske fluidum var 60-80°C. Hydrauliske trykk ble generert med girpumper og kraften ble tatt ut ved hjelp av sylinder-stempel anordninger. A vegetable oil-based hydraulic fluid was investigated using as a reference a commercial mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid. In the experiment, two new identical hydraulic mine loaders were used. During the experiment, the pressure in the hydraulic circuits varied from 0-165 bar and the temperature of the hydraulic fluid was 60-80°C. Hydraulic pressures were generated with gear pumps and the power was extracted using cylinder-piston devices.

De hydrauliske fluida var: 1. Vegetabilsk olje2. Vegetabilsk olje The hydraulic fluids were: 1. Vegetable oil2. Vegetable oil

3. Mineraloljebasert hydraulisk 3. Mineral oil-based hydraulic

fluidum, "Teboil OK 14-46" fluid, "Teboil OK 14-46"

Den etterfølgende tabell 7 angir viskositeten for oljene etter lengre tidsdrift. The subsequent table 7 indicates the viscosity of the oils after a longer period of operation.

I det samme forsøk ble også volumeffektiviteten for de hydrauliske systemer 2 og 3 bestemt under forsøksperioden og resultatene i den etterfølgende tabell 8. Effektivitetsforsøkene ble utført under anvendelse av fludiumtrykk på 165 bar og en temperatur på 65°C. In the same experiment, the volume efficiency of the hydraulic systems 2 and 3 was also determined during the experimental period and the results in the subsequent table 8. The efficiency experiments were carried out using a fluid pressure of 165 bar and a temperature of 65°C.

Forsøksresultatene i tabell 7 indikerer at varighet mot skjærbelastning for vegetabilsk oljebasert fluidum var bedre enn den for mineraloljebasert fluidum. The test results in Table 7 indicate that duration against shear stress for vegetable oil-based fluid was better than that for mineral oil-based fluid.

Forsøksresultatene i tabell 8 indikerer at effektiviteten for systemet som inneholder vegetabilsk oljebasert fluidum avtar langsommere enn den for mineraloljebaserte fluidum. The test results in Table 8 indicate that the efficiency of the system containing the vegetable oil-based fluid decreases more slowly than that of the mineral oil-based fluid.

De smørende egenskaper for de hydrauliske fluidum basert på triglyseridblandingen ifølge oppfinnelsen ble undersøkt ved hjelp av prøvemetoden beskrevet i det etterfølgende eksempel 4 The lubricating properties of the hydraulic fluids based on the triglyceride mixture according to the invention were investigated using the test method described in the following example 4

Eksempel 4 Example 4

Rapsfrøoljens egnethet som hydraulisk fluidum ble undersøkt i en firekuletester i henhold til prøvemetoden IP 239 hvor prøveperioden var 1 time og belastningen 1 kg, såvel som i henhold til standard Test Method STD Nr. 791/6503,1 i henhold til hvilken belastningen øker trinnvis under prøveperioder av Rapeseed oil's suitability as a hydraulic fluid was examined in a four-ball tester according to test method IP 239 where the test period was 1 hour and the load 1 kg, as well as according to standard Test Method STD No. 791/6503,1 according to which the load increases gradually during trial periods of

10 s. De undersøkte oljer ér vist i tabell 9. 10 p. The examined oils are shown in table 9.

Alle de undersøkte oljer hørte til viskositetskategorien i ISO VG 32 i henhold til prøvemetoden ASTM D 2422. All the examined oils belonged to the viscosity category in ISO VG 32 according to the test method ASTM D 2422.

Resultatet av forsøket er vist i tabell 10. The result of the experiment is shown in table 10.

Smøreegenskapene ble også sammenlignet under anvendelse av et girsystem, hvilket bestemmelse er beskrevet i det etter-følgende eksempel 5 The lubrication properties were also compared using a gear system, which determination is described in the following example 5

Eksempel 5 Example 5

Den beskyttende virkning av tre hydrauliske fluida på gir-systemer mot slitasje ble bestemt under anvendelse av FZG-metoden med henhold til standard DIN 51354 E ("FZG gir rig test maskin"). The protective effect of three hydraulic fluids on gear systems against wear was determined using the FZG method according to standard DIN 51354 E ("FZG gear rig test machine").

De anvendte oljer var: The oils used were:

Olje nr. Oil no.

"Sarkosyl 0" er N-akyl-sarkosin (Ciba-Geigy). Resultatene av dette forsøk er vist i den etterfølgene tabell 11. "Sarkosyl 0" is N-acyl-sarcosine (Ciba-Geigy). The results of this experiment are shown in the following table 11.

I tillegg til basisblåndingen for det hydrauliske fluidum i henhold til oppfinnelsen så kan dette også omfatte andre bestanddeler: - Grensesmøremiddel-additiver, så som metall di-alkyl-ditiofosfater, metall diaryl-tiofosfater, metall dialkyl-ditiokarbonater, alkyl-fosfater, fosforiserte fett og olefiner, svovlede fett og fettderivater, klorerte fett og fettderivater - Korrosjonsinhibitorer så som metall sulfonater, sure fosfat-estere, aminer og alkyl-ravsyre-syrer - VI (viskositetindeks) forbedrer, så som polymetakrylater, styren-butadien kopolymere, polyisobutylener - Hellepunkt undertrykkere så som klorinerte polymerer, alkylerte fenol-polymere, polymetakrylater. In addition to the base blend for the hydraulic fluid according to the invention, this may also include other components: - Boundary lubricant additives, such as metal di-alkyl dithiophosphates, metal diaryl thiophosphates, metal dialkyl dithiocarbonates, alkyl phosphates, phosphorized fats and olefins, sulfurized fats and fat derivatives, chlorinated fats and fat derivatives - Corrosion inhibitors such as metal sulphonates, acid phosphate esters, amines and alkyl-succinic acids - VI (viscosity index) improvers, such as polymethacrylates, styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyisobutylenes - Pour point suppressors such as chlorinated polymers, alkylated phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates.

- Skum undertrykkere så som polysiloksaner, polyakrylater - Foam suppressors such as polysiloxanes, polyacrylates

- Emulgeringsnedbrytende midler så som tungmetall såper, Ca-og Mg-sulfonater. - Emulsification breaking agents such as heavy metal soaps, Ca and Mg sulphonates.

Fra basis sammensetningen i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan det fremstilles hydrauliske fluida for forskjellige formål ved å justere deres viskositet. Den etterfølgende tabell 12 gir et eksempel på justeringsmulighetene. From the base composition according to the invention, hydraulic fluids can be produced for various purposes by adjusting their viscosity. The following table 12 gives an example of the adjustment options.

Tabell 12 Table 12

Fra basisblandingen i henhold til oppfinnelsen ble fremstilt hydrauliske fluida med forskjellige viskositetsklasser (ASTM D 2422) From the base mixture according to the invention, hydraulic fluids with different viscosity classes were produced (ASTM D 2422)

"Rilanit EHO": 2-etylheksyl-oleat, (Henkel) "Rilanit EHO": 2-ethylhexyl oleate, (Henkel)

"Priolube 3987": pentaerytritol-ester, (Unichema) "Priolube 3986": kompleks ester, (Unichema). "Priolube 3987": pentaerythritol ester, (Unichema) "Priolube 3986": complex ester, (Unichema).

Claims (6)

1. Basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida bestående av: én eller flere naturlige triglyserider som er estere av rettkjedede <C>10<-C>22~fettsyrer 0<3 glyserol, hvilke triglyserider har et jodtall på minst 50 og ikke mer enn 128, og én eller flere anti-oksydanter i en mengde på minst 1,5 vekt-% regnet på blandingen, hvor mengden av antioksydantandelen inneholder minst én forbindelse valgt fra gruppen: (I) blokkerte fenoler og aromatiske aminer,karakterisert ved at i tillegg til anti-oksydant (ene) (I) inneholder blandingen minst én anti-oksydantforbindelse valgt fra (II) metallsalter av ditiosyrer, fosfitter og sulfider, og/eller (III) amider, ikke-aromatiske aminer, hydraziner og triazoler slik at den totale mengde av anti-oksydant-forbindelsen ikke overstiger 4,5%.1. Base mixture for hydraulic fluids consisting of: one or more natural triglycerides which are esters of straight-chain <C>10<-C>22~fatty acids 0<3 glycerol, which triglycerides have an iodine number of at least 50 and not more than 128, and one or more antioxidants in an amount of at least 1.5% by weight calculated on the mixture, where the amount of the antioxidant portion contains at least one compound selected from the group: (I) blocked phenols and aromatic amines, characterized in that in addition to anti- oxidant(s) (I), the mixture contains at least one antioxidant compound selected from (II) metal salts of dithio acids, phosphites and sulfides, and/or (III) amides, non-aromatic amines, hydrazines and triazoles such that the total amount of anti - the oxidant compound does not exceed 4.5%. 2. Basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at antioksydantandelen (I) ikke overstiger 3 vekt-% av blandingen.2. Base mixture for hydraulic fluids according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of antioxidant (I) does not exceed 3% by weight of the mixture. 3. Basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida ifølge krav 2, karakterisert ved at antioksydantandelen (I) utgjør 2 vekt-% av blandingen.3. Base mixture for hydraulic fluids according to claim 2, characterized in that the antioxidant portion (I) constitutes 2% by weight of the mixture. 4. Basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida i henhold til kravene 1-3, karakterisert ved at triglyseridet er av oleinsyre-linolsyretypen og inneholder ikke mer enn 20 vekt-% mettede fettsyrer, regnet på mengden av fettsyrer esterifisert med glyserol.4. Base mixture for hydraulic fluids according to requirements 1-3, characterized in that the triglyceride is off of the oleic-linoleic acid type and contains no more than 20% by weight of saturated fatty acids, calculated on the amount of fatty acids esterified with glycerol. 5. Basisblanding for hydrauliske fluida ifølge krav 4, karakterisert ved at triglyseridet består av rapsfrøolje.5. Base mixture for hydraulic fluids according to claim 4, characterized in that the triglyceride consists of rapeseed oil. 6. Hydraulisk fluidum fremstilt på basis av blandingen ifølge hvilke som helst av kravene 1-5, karakterisert ved at fluidumet i tillegg inneholder minst én bestanddel valgt fra: grensesmøre-middeladditiver, korrosjonsinhibitorer, VI-forbedrere, hellepunktundertrykkere, skumdempere og deemulgeringsmidler.6. Hydraulic fluid produced on the basis of the mixture according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the fluid additionally contains at least one component selected from: boundary lubricant additives, corrosion inhibitors, VI improvers, pour point suppressors, foam suppressors and demulsifiers.
NO884237A 1987-01-28 1988-09-23 BASIC MIXTURE FOR HYDRAULIC FLUID AND HYDRAULIC FLUID MADE BASED ON THE MIXTURE NO174060B (en)

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ATE83003T1 (en) 1992-12-15
EP0349534B1 (en) 1992-12-02
AU1227388A (en) 1988-08-24
DK536188D0 (en) 1988-09-27
EP0349534A1 (en) 1990-01-10
DK536188A (en) 1988-09-27
WO1988005808A1 (en) 1988-08-11
DE3876432D1 (en) 1993-01-14
NO884237D0 (en) 1988-09-23
DE3876432T2 (en) 1993-04-08
NO884237L (en) 1988-09-23

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