NO171562B - MINERAL OIL-FREE, WATER-IN-OIL DRILL - Google Patents
MINERAL OIL-FREE, WATER-IN-OIL DRILL Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO171562B NO171562B NO912337A NO912337A NO171562B NO 171562 B NO171562 B NO 171562B NO 912337 A NO912337 A NO 912337A NO 912337 A NO912337 A NO 912337A NO 171562 B NO171562 B NO 171562B
- Authority
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- drilling mud
- oil
- mud according
- esters
- ester
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 diethanolamine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 57
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- GXJLQJFVFMCVHG-QXMHVHEDSA-N 2-methylpropyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)C GXJLQJFVFMCVHG-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001038 basic metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical class CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical class NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Performic acid Chemical compound OOC=O SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010931 ester hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N linoleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC)(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N sapienic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O NNNVXFKZMRGJPM-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000563 toxic property Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
- C09K8/34—Organic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår mineraloljefritt, vann-i-olje-boreslam. The present invention relates to mineral oil-free, water-in-oil drilling mud.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse beskriver nye vann-i-olje-boreslam på basis av esteroljer som utmerker seg ved høy økologisk forenelighet og samtidig gode stabilitets- og bruksegenskaper. Et viktig anvendelsesområde for de nye boreslam er offshore-boringer for utvinning av jordolje- og/eller jordgassforekomster, hvorved oppfinnelsen her spesielt tar sikte på å stille til disposisjon teknisk brukbare boreslam med høy økologisk forenelighet. Anvendelsen av de nye boreslam har spesiell betydning på det maritime området, er imidlertid ikke begrenset til dette. De nye boreslam kan generelt finne anvendelse også ved landbaserte boringer, for eksempel ved geotermiboringer, ved vannboring, ved gjennom-føring av geovitenskapelige boringer og ved boring i bergverksindustrien. Generelt gjelder det også her at de ifølge oppfinnelsen utvalgte boreslam på esterbasis forenkler det økotoksiske problemområdet på vesentlig måte. The present invention describes new water-in-oil drilling muds based on ester oils which are distinguished by high ecological compatibility and at the same time good stability and use properties. An important area of application for the new drilling muds is offshore drilling for the extraction of oil and/or natural gas deposits, whereby the invention here particularly aims to make available technically usable drilling muds with high ecological compatibility. The use of the new drilling muds has particular significance in the maritime area, but is not limited to this. The new drilling muds can generally also be used in land-based drilling, for example in geothermal drilling, in water drilling, in carrying out geoscientific drilling and in drilling in the mining industry. In general, it also applies here that the ester-based drilling mud selected according to the invention significantly simplifies the ecotoxic problem area.
Flytende slamsystemer for nedføring av stenboringer under opphenting av utløst borkaks er spesielt begrensede for-tettede systemer med flytevne på vann- eller oljebasis. Disse sistnevnte systemer på oljebasis finner i praksis stadig økende betydning og her spesielt i området offshore-boringer eller ved gjennomtrenging av vannømfintlige sjikt. Liquid mud systems for the descent of rock bores during the collection of released drill cuttings are particularly limited sealed systems with water- or oil-based buoyancy. These latter oil-based systems are increasingly important in practice, especially in the area of offshore drilling or when penetrating water-sensitive layers.
Boreslam på oljebasis anvendes generelt som såkalte invert-emulsjonsslam som består av et trefase-system: olje, vann og findelte faststoffer. Det dreier seg herved om tilberedninger av typen vann-i-olje-emulsjoner, det vil si at den vandige fase er fordelt heterogent og findisperst i den kontinuerlige oljefase. I det følgende kalles disse også "invertemul-sjoner". For stabilisering av det totale system og for innstilling av de ønskede bruksegenskaper, tar man sikte på et antall tilsetningsstoffer, spesielt emulgatorer henholdsvis emulgatorsystemer, tyngdegivende midler, væsketapsadditiver, alkalireserver, viskositetsregulatorer og lignende. For enkeltheter på dette området henvises det spesielt til publikasjonen av P.A. Boyd et al., "New Base Oil Used in Low-Toxicity Oil Muds", "Journal of Petroleum Technology", 1985, 137-142 samt av R.B. Bennett, "New Drilling Fluid Technology - Mineral Oil Mud", "Journal of Petroleum Technology", 1984, 975-981, samt den deri siterte litteratur. Oil-based drilling mud is generally used as so-called invert emulsion mud, which consists of a three-phase system: oil, water and finely divided solids. This refers to preparations of the type water-in-oil emulsions, that is to say that the aqueous phase is distributed heterogeneously and finely dispersed in the continuous oil phase. In the following, these are also called "invertemulsions". For stabilization of the total system and for setting the desired usage properties, a number of additives are aimed at, especially emulsifiers or emulsifier systems, bulking agents, liquid loss additives, alkali reserves, viscosity regulators and the like. For details in this area, reference is made in particular to the publication by P.A. Boyd et al., "New Base Oil Used in Low-Toxicity Oil Muds", "Journal of Petroleum Technology", 1985, 137-142 as well as by R.B. Bennett, "New Drilling Fluid Technology - Mineral Oil Mud", "Journal of Petroleum Technology", 1984, 975-981 and the literature cited therein.
Boreslam ble til å begynne med bygget opp på dieselolje-fraksjoner med et innhold av aromater. For avgifting og reduksjon av den derved oppståtte økologiske problematikk ble det så foreslått å anvende i utstrakt grad aromatfrie hydrokarbonstoffraksjoner, i dag kjent som "non polluting oils", som kontinuerlig oljefase, det skal her henvises til den ovenfor angitte litteratur. Selv om man på denne måte også ved utelukkelse av de aromatiske forbindelser har oppnådd visse fremskritt, synes en ytterligere reduksjon av miljøproblematikken, utløst ved boreslam av den her beskrevne art, absolutt nødvendig. Dette gjelder spesielt ved nedføring av offshore-boringer for utvinning av jordolje- henholdsvis jordgassforekomster, fordi det marine øko-systemet er spesielt ømfintlig og reagerer på innføring av toksiske og vanskelig nedbrytbare stoffer. Drilling mud was initially built up on diesel oil fractions with a content of aromatics. For detoxification and reduction of the resulting ecological problems, it was then proposed to use to a large extent aroma-free hydrocarbon fractions, today known as "non polluting oils", as a continuous oil phase, reference should be made here to the above-mentioned literature. Although in this way, also by excluding the aromatic compounds, certain progress has been achieved, a further reduction of the environmental problem, triggered by drilling mud of the kind described here, seems absolutely necessary. This applies in particular when offshore drilling is carried out for the extraction of oil and natural gas deposits, because the marine ecosystem is particularly sensitive and reacts to the introduction of toxic and difficult-to-degrade substances.
Dagens teknologi har i en viss tid erkjent betydningen av oljefaser på esterbasis for å løse disse problemer. Således beskriver US-PS 4 374 737 og 4 481 121 oljebaserte borevæsker i hvilke ikke-forurensende oljer skulle kunne finne anvendelse. Som ikke-forurensende oljer nevnes ved siden av hverandre og som likeverdige aromatfrie mineraloljefraksjoner og planteoljer av typen jordnøttolje, soyabønneolje, linfrøolje, maisolje, risolje, eller også oljer av animalsk opprinnelse som hvalolje. Hele tiden dreier det seg ved de her nevnte esteroljer av vegetabilsk eller animalsk opprinnelse om triglycerider av naturlige fettsyrer som som kjent har en høy miljøforenelighet og som har en tydelig overlegenhet overfor hydrokarbonfraksjoner, også når disse er aromatfrie, når det gjelder økologiske betraktninger. Today's technology has for some time recognized the importance of ester-based oil phases to solve these problems. Thus, US-PS 4,374,737 and 4,481,121 describe oil-based drilling fluids in which non-polluting oils could be used. Non-polluting oils are mentioned next to each other and as equivalent aroma-free mineral oil fractions and vegetable oils of the type peanut oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, corn oil, rice oil, or also oils of animal origin such as whale oil. All the time, the ester oils mentioned here of vegetable or animal origin are triglycerides of natural fatty acids which, as is known, have a high environmental compatibility and which have a clear superiority over hydrocarbon fractions, also when these are aroma-free, in terms of ecological considerations.
Ganske interessant er det at det imidlertid ikke gis noe eksempel i de nevnte US-patenter på anvendelsen av slike naturlige esteroljer i invert-boreslam av den her beskrevne type. Generelt anvendes i disse mineraloljefraksjoner som kontinuerlig oljefase. It is rather interesting that no example is given in the mentioned US patents of the use of such natural ester oils in invert drilling mud of the type described here. In general, mineral oil fractions are used in these as continuous oil phase.
De undersøkelser som ligger til grunn for foreliggende oppfinnelse har vist at de i den kjente teknikk studerte anvendelse av lett nedbrytbare oljer av vegetabilsk og/eller animalsk opprinnelse ikke kommer i betraktning av praktiske grunner. De reologiske egenskaper for slike oljefaser kan ikke kontrolleres for de brede, i praksis krevede temperatur-områder fra på den ene side 0 til 5°C til på den annen side opptil 250°C og derover. The investigations that form the basis of the present invention have shown that the use of easily degradable oils of vegetable and/or animal origin studied in the known technique is not taken into account for practical reasons. The rheological properties of such oil phases cannot be controlled for the wide, practically required temperature ranges from on the one hand 0 to 5°C to on the other hand up to 250°C and above.
Læren ifølge US-PS 4 481 121 nevner i den generelle beskrivelsesdel som brukbar oljefase, ved siden av tri-glyceridene også et handelsprodukt "Arizona 208" fra firma Arizona Chemical Company, Wayne, New Jersey, ved hvilket det dreier seg om en renset isooktyl-monoalkoholester av høyrene talloljefettsyrer. En her for første gang nevnt ester av en enverdig alkohol eller enverdige karboksylsyrer nevnes som likeverdig med triglycerider av naturlig opprinnelse og/eller aromatfrie hydrokarbonfraksjoner. The teaching according to US-PS 4,481,121 mentions in the general description part as usable oil phase, next to the triglycerides, also a commercial product "Arizona 208" from Arizona Chemical Company, Wayne, New Jersey, which is a purified isooctyl -monoalcohol esters of pure tall oil fatty acids. An ester of a monohydric alcohol or monohydric carboxylic acids mentioned here for the first time is mentioned as equivalent to triglycerides of natural origin and/or aromatic hydrocarbon fractions.
Noen reproduserbare eksempler for anvendelse av en slik ester som enverdig komponent finnes ikke i dette US-patentet. Any reproducible examples for the use of such an ester as a monovalent component are not found in this US patent.
Læren i den nedenfor beskrevne oppfinnelse går ut fra den erkjennelse at det virkelig er mulig å fremstille oljebaserte invert-boreslam av den her beskrevne type på basis av esteroljer med høy miljøforenelighet som hva angår lagrings- og anvendelsesoppførsel tilsvarer de beste til nu kjente oljebaserte invert-boreslam og som i tillegg har den ytterligere fordel at de har en høyere miljøforenelighet. To vesentlige erkjennelser behersker derved oppfinnelsens lære: For oppbygging av mineraloljefrie, oljebaserte invert-boreslam er de i form av naturlige oljer forekommende triglycerider ikke egnet. Brukbare er imidlertid de fra disse oljer henholdsvis fett stammende estere av de enverdige karboksyl syrer med enverdige alkoholer. Den andre vesentlige erkjennelse er at esteroljene av den her beskrevne type i bruk ikke oppfører seg på samme måte som de til nu anvendte mineraloljefraksjoner på ren hydrokarbonbasis. De her angjeldende esteroljer av enverdige komponenter undergår i bruk en partiell hydrolyse. Herved dannes det frie fettsyrer. Disse reagerer i sin tur med de i boreslam av den her beskrevne type alltid foreliggende alkaliske bestand-deler, for eksempel med de for korrosjonsbeskyttelse anvendte alkalireserver, til de tilsvarende salter. Salter av sterkt hydrofile baser og de i fettene henholdsvis oljene av naturlig opprinnelse hyppig påtreffbare syrer i området ^16-24 er imidlertid som kjent forbindelser med forholdsvis høye HLB-verdier som spesielt fører til innstilling og stabilisering av olje-i-vann-emulsjoner. Vaske- og ren-gjøringsteknikken anvender dette som kjent i stort omfang. Dannelsen av uønsket store mengder av slike olje-i-vann-emulgatorsystemer må imidlertid innvirke på de i henhold til oppfinnelsens målsetning krevede vann-i-olje-emulsjoner og derved føre til forstyrrelser. Nedenfor beskrives hvordan man på tross av disse system-iboende vanskeligheter i praksis kan komme til utnyttbare invert-boreslam på basis av esteroljer. The teachings of the invention described below are based on the recognition that it is really possible to produce oil-based invert drilling mud of the type described here on the basis of ester oils with high environmental compatibility which, in terms of storage and application behavior, correspond to the best known oil-based invert- drilling mud and which, in addition, have the further advantage that they have a higher environmental compatibility. Two important realizations thereby dominate the teaching of the invention: For the build-up of mineral oil-free, oil-based invert drilling muds, the triglycerides occurring in the form of natural oils are not suitable. However, those from these oils or fat-derived esters of the monovalent carboxylic acids with monovalent alcohols are usable. The other important realization is that the ester oils of the type described here do not behave in the same way as the mineral oil fractions currently used on a pure hydrocarbon basis. The ester oils of monovalent components referred to here undergo partial hydrolysis in use. This creates free fatty acids. These in turn react with the alkaline constituents always present in drilling mud of the type described here, for example with the alkali reserves used for corrosion protection, to form the corresponding salts. Salts of strongly hydrophilic bases and the frequently encountered acids in the range ^16-24 in the fats or oils of natural origin are, however, as known, compounds with relatively high HLB values which in particular lead to setting and stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions. As is known, the washing and cleaning technique uses this to a large extent. The formation of undesirably large quantities of such oil-in-water emulsifier systems must, however, affect the water-in-oil emulsions required according to the objective of the invention and thereby lead to disturbances. Below is described how, despite these system-inherent difficulties, in practice, usable invert drilling mud can be obtained on the basis of ester oils.
Gjenstand for foreliggende oppfinnelse er i henhold til dette et mineraloljefritt vann-i-olje-boreslam som er egnet for miljøskånende offshore-utvinning av jordolje- henholdsvis jordgassforekomster og som i en kontinuerlig oljefase på basis av esterolje inneholder en dispergert vandig fase sammen med emulgatorer, fortykningsmidler, tyngdegivende midler, væsketapsadditiver og hvis ønskelig, ytterligere vanlige tilsetningsstoffer, og dette slam karakteriseres ved at oljefasen i det vesentlige består av estere av enverdige alkoholer med 2-12 C-atomer og oleflnlsk en- og/eller flere ganger umettede monokarboksylsyrer med 16-24 C-atomer, vann-i-olje-emulsjonen er svakt alkalisk kondisjonert og denne alkalireserve ved kalktllsetnlng ikke overskrider mengder på 5,706 g/l (2 lb/bbl), fortrinnsvis imidlertid ligger noe under. According to this, the subject of the present invention is a mineral oil-free water-in-oil drilling mud which is suitable for environmentally friendly offshore extraction of oil and natural gas deposits and which in a continuous oil phase based on ester oil contains a dispersed aqueous phase together with emulsifiers, thickeners, weighting agents, liquid loss additives and, if desired, further common additives, and this sludge is characterized by the fact that the oil phase essentially consists of esters of monohydric alcohols with 2-12 C atoms and oleflnically mono- and/or polyunsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 16 -24 C-atoms, the water-in-oil emulsion is slightly alkaline conditioned and this alkali reserve in the case of calcification does not exceed amounts of 5.706 g/l (2 lb/bbl), preferably somewhat less.
I det følgende skal de ifølge oppfinnelsen valgte esteroljer beskrives nærmere idet det tas sikte på at disse utelukkende eller som vesentlig andel danner den kontinuerlige oljefase for invert-boreslammene. In the following, the ester oils selected according to the invention will be described in more detail, with the aim being that these exclusively or as a significant proportion form the continuous oil phase for the invert drilling muds.
Som allerede antydet ligger et vesentlig utvalgskriterium i valget av estrene, som tilhører klassen av omsetnings-produkter av enverdige karboksylsyrer med monofunksjonelle alkoholer. Oppfinnelsen tar utover dette imidlertid i tillegg sikte på, utelukkende i det minste overveiende å anvende karboksylsyrer med 14-24 C-atomer fra denne klasse karboksylsyrer. Karboksylsyrer kan derved avledes fra rette eller forgrenede hydrokarbonkjeder hvorved de rette kjeder har spesiell betydning. Monokarboksylsyrer av denne type og det her angjeldende området på 16-24 C-atomer henholdsvis deres estere, er uegnet som overveiende mettede hydrokarbon-forbindelser på grunn av de forholdsvis høye størknings-verdier. Estere av den her beskrevne type er imidlertid selv i dette tilfellet flyt- og pumpedyktige helt ned til temperaturer 1 området 0 til 5'C, når det er sikret en tilstrekkelig grad av olefinisk umettede esterbestanddeler. I en foretrukken utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen blir det i henhold til dette anvendt estere av den her beskrevne type som i en mengde av mer enn 70 vekt-% og fortrinnsvis mer enn 80 vekt-sé består av olefinisk umettede karboksylsyrer i området Viktige naturlige utgangsstoffer gir karboksylsyreblandinger som inneholder minst 90 vekt-# olefinisk umettede karboksylsyrer innen det her nevnte C-området. De umettede karboksylsyrer kan derved være en- eller flere ganger olefinisk umettet. Ved anvendelse av karboksylsyrer, henholdsvis karboksylsyreblandinger, av naturlig opprinnelse, spiller derved ved siden av en enkelt etylenisk dobbeltbinding i molekylet, spesielt den andre og i noe mindre målestokk også den tredje etylenisk dobbeltbinding pr. karboksylsyremolekyl, en viss rolle. Enkeltheter skal beskrives nærmere nedenfor. As already indicated, an important selection criterion lies in the selection of the esters, which belong to the class of conversion products of monovalent carboxylic acids with monofunctional alcohols. In addition to this, however, the invention also aims to exclusively, at least predominantly, use carboxylic acids with 14-24 C atoms from this class of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids can thereby be derived from straight or branched hydrocarbon chains whereby the straight chains have special significance. Monocarboxylic acids of this type and the relevant range of 16-24 C atoms, respectively their esters, are unsuitable as predominantly saturated hydrocarbon compounds due to the relatively high solidification values. Esters of the type described here are, however, even in this case flowable and pumpable right down to temperatures in the range 0 to 5°C, when a sufficient degree of olefinically unsaturated ester constituents is ensured. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, according to this, esters of the type described here are used which in an amount of more than 70% by weight and preferably more than 80% by weight consist of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids in the range Important natural starting materials give carboxylic acid mixtures which contains at least 90 wt-# of olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids within the C range mentioned here. The unsaturated carboxylic acids can thereby be olefinically unsaturated one or more times. When using carboxylic acids, respectively carboxylic acid mixtures, of natural origin, in addition to a single ethylenic double bond in the molecule, in particular the second and to a somewhat lesser extent also the third ethylenic double bond per carboxylic acid molecule, a certain role. Details are to be described in more detail below.
Valget av en sammenligningsvis høy umettet karboksylsyreandel i esteroljene sikrer, i forbindelse med oppfinnelsens valg av estere av enverdige reaktanter, at esteroljene og derved også de ferdige invert-emulsjoner oppfyller kravene til reologiske egenskaper, spesielt også ved lave temperaturer. De forholdsvis sterkt umettede esteroljer i karbonantallområdet på 14-24 i monokarboksylsyreandelen som anvendes i oppfinnelsen har i den foretrukne utførelsesform størkningsverdier (flytepunkt og størkningspunkt) på under -10°C og spesielt under —15° C. På tross av denne høye bevegelighet ved lave temperaturer er det på grunn av den foreskrevne molekyl-størrelse for esteroljen sikret at flammepunktet for esteroljen har tilstrekkelig høye verdier. Disse ligger ved minst 80°C, overskrider dog generelt temperaturgrensen på 100°C. Det foretrekkes esteroljer med flammepunkt over 160°C hvorved det uten vanskeligheter kan fremstilles esteroljer av den beskrevne art som er lett bevegelige også ved lave temperaturer, og hvis flammepunkt ligger ved 185°C eller høyere. The choice of a comparatively high proportion of unsaturated carboxylic acids in the ester oils ensures, in connection with the invention's selection of esters of monovalent reactants, that the ester oils and thereby also the finished invert emulsions meet the requirements for rheological properties, especially also at low temperatures. The relatively highly unsaturated ester oils in the carbon number range of 14-24 in the monocarboxylic acid portion used in the invention have, in the preferred embodiment, solidification values (pour point and solidification point) of below -10°C and especially below -15°C. Despite this high mobility at low temperatures, due to the prescribed molecular size for the ester oil, it is ensured that the flash point for the ester oil has sufficiently high values. These are at least 80°C, but generally exceed the temperature limit of 100°C. Ester oils with a flash point above 160°C are preferred, whereby ester oils of the type described can be produced without difficulty, which are easily mobile even at low temperatures, and whose flash point is at 185°C or higher.
I forbindelse med disse av molekylstørrelsen bestemte høye flammepunkter kan det samtidig sikres at viskositetsverdiene oppfyller krevede vanlige grenseverdier. Således ligger Brookfield-RVT-viskositeten for de foretrukne esteroljer av den beskrevne type i temperaturområdet 0 til 5°C ved verdier ikke over 55 mPas og fortrinnsvis ved verdier på høyst 45 mPas. Det er mulig å innstille verdier i området 30 og lavere, spesielt i området 20 til 25 mPas, i det angitte temperaturområdet. In connection with these high flash points determined by the molecular size, it can be ensured at the same time that the viscosity values meet the required normal limit values. Thus, the Brookfield-RVT viscosity for the preferred ester oils of the described type lies in the temperature range 0 to 5°C at values not exceeding 55 mPas and preferably at values of no more than 45 mPas. It is possible to set values in the range of 30 and lower, especially in the range of 20 to 25 mPas, in the specified temperature range.
To underklasser av spesiell betydning kan angis for de umette esteroljene som anvendes i oppfinnelsen. Two subclasses of particular importance can be specified for the unsaturated ester oils used in the invention.
Den første av disse underklasser går ut fra umettede c1£)_24~ monokarboksyl syrer som ikke er mer enn ca. 3556 to- og/eller flere ganger olefinisk umettede. Her er altså innholdet av flere ganger umettede karboksylsyrer i esteroljen forholdsvis begrenset. Foretrukket er, innenfor rammen av denne underklasse, imidlertid karboksylsyrerester med minst 60 vekt-5é en gang olefiniske umettethet. The first of these subclasses starts from unsaturated c1£)_24~ monocarboxylic acids which are no more than approx. 3556 doubly and/or more olefinically unsaturated. Here, the content of polyunsaturated carboxylic acids in the ester oil is relatively limited. Preferred are, within the framework of this subclass, however, carboxylic acid residues with at least 60 wt-5é of once olefinic unsaturation.
Til forskjell fra den ovenfor beskrevne første underklasse avledes den andre i praksis betydningsfulle underklasse av esteroljer fra slike C^^g^-monokarboksylsyreblandinger som i en mengde av mer enn 45 vekt-£ og derved fortrinnsvis mer enn 55 vekt-# avledes fra to- eller flere ganger olefinisk umettede syrer innen det gitte karbontallområdet. In contrast to the above-described first subclass, the second practically significant subclass of ester oils is derived from such C^^g^-monocarboxylic acid mixtures which in an amount of more than 45 wt-£ and thereby preferably more than 55 wt-# are derived from two- or several times olefinically unsaturated acids within the given carbon number range.
De viktigste, etylenisk enkelturnettede karboksylsyrer for det her angjeldende området er heksadecensyre (palmitolein-syre C^), oljesyre (C18), den beslektede ricinolsyre (Cjg) og erukasyre (C^)- Den viktigste to ganger umettede karboksylsyre innen det her beskrevne området er linolsyre (C^g) og den viktigste tre ganger etylenisk umettede karboksylsyre er linolensyre (C^g). The most important ethylenically single-chain carboxylic acids for the area concerned here are hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid C^), oleic acid (C18), the related ricinolic acid (Cjg) and erucic acid (C^)- The most important doubly unsaturated carboxylic acid within the area described here is linoleic acid (C^g) and the most important triple ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is linolenic acid (C^g).
Som esteroljer kan man innenfor oppfinnelsens, ramme anvende utvalgte forbindelser av typen umettet monokarboksylsyre/- monoalkoholester. Et eksempel på dette er esteren av oljesyre, for eksempel av typen oljesyreisobutylester. Av hensyn til reologien i systemet og/eller av tilgjengelighets-grunner er det ofte ønskelig å anvende syreblandinger. Dette er viktig for å kunne oppfylle de ovenfor gitte spesifika-sjoner i de to underklasser for foretrukne esteroljer. As ester oils, within the scope of the invention, selected compounds of the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid/monoalcohol ester type can be used. An example of this is the ester of oleic acid, for example of the oleic acid isobutyl ester type. For reasons of rheology in the system and/or for reasons of availability, it is often desirable to use acid mixtures. This is important in order to fulfill the specifications given above in the two subclasses for preferred ester oils.
Den første av disse to underklasser utmerker seg som angitt ved at innholdet av to- og flere ganger umettede syrer er begrenset og ikke overskrider 35&. Planteoljer av naturlig opprinnelse og som ved forsepning henholdsvis omforestring gir blandinger av karboksylsyrer henholdsvis karboksylsyre-estere av den her beskrevne type, er for eksempel palme-, jordnøtt-, ricinus- og spesielt beteolje. I betraktning kommer derved både beteoljer med høyt innhold av erukasyre og også de moderne beteoljer med et redusert innhold av erukasyre og derved et forhøyet oljesyreinnhold. The first of these two subclasses is distinguished as indicated by the fact that the content of doubly and polyunsaturated acids is limited and does not exceed 35%. Plant oils of natural origin which, when saponified or transesterified, give mixtures of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid esters of the type described here, are for example palm, peanut, castor and especially beet oil. Both beet oils with a high content of erucic acid and also the modern beet oils with a reduced content of erucic acid and thereby an increased oleic acid content are taken into account.
Esteroljer på basis av denne definisjon for den første underklasse kan få spesiell betydning alene av den grunn at her eventuelt opptredende problemer med oksydasjonsstabili-teten i praksis reduseres. I praktiske arbeider blir boreslammet kontinuerlig pumpet i kretsløp og derved stadig, hyppig med stor overflate og ved i det minste noe forhøyede temperaturer, bragt i kontakt med luftoksygen, for å skille ut det til overflaten førte borkaks, for eksempel ved siling. Ester oils on the basis of this definition for the first subclass can be of particular importance solely for the reason that any problems with oxidation stability that may occur here are reduced in practice. In practical work, the drilling mud is continuously pumped in a circuit and thereby constantly, often with a large surface area and at at least somewhat elevated temperatures, brought into contact with atmospheric oxygen, in order to separate out the drilling cuttings brought to the surface, for example by screening.
Imidlertid har karboksylsyreblandinger av den ovenfor nevnte andre underklasse betydelig betydning for anvendelse i praksis. Grunn til dette er ikke minst den brede tilgjengelighet innenfor rammen av naturlige fettstoffer av vegetabilsk og/eller animalsk art. Klassiske eksempler på oljer med høyt innhold av karboksylsyrer i området C^_^g henholdsvis C16-22 °^ samtidig minst 45£ av minst to ganger etylenisk mettede karboksylsyrer er bomullsfrø-, soya—, solsikke- og linolje. Også de ved celluloseutvinning isolerte tallolje-syrer ligger innenfor dette området. Anvendelsesmaterialene av denne sistnevnte opprinnelse utmerker seg imidlertid som regel ved mer eller mindre store ytterligere innhold av harpiksbestanddeler. Et typisk animalsk anvendelsesmateriale for oppnåelse av tilsvarende karboksylsyreblandinger er fiskeolje, spesielt sildeoljer. However, carboxylic acid mixtures of the above-mentioned second subclass are of considerable importance for use in practice. The reason for this is not least the wide availability within the framework of natural fats of vegetable and/or animal nature. Classic examples of oils with a high content of carboxylic acids in the range C^_^g respectively C16-22 °^ at the same time at least 45£ of at least twice ethylenically saturated carboxylic acids are cottonseed, soya, sunflower and linseed oil. The tall oil acids isolated during cellulose extraction are also within this range. However, the application materials of this latter origin are usually distinguished by more or less large additional contents of resin constituents. A typical animal application material for obtaining corresponding carboxylic acid mixtures is fish oil, especially herring oils.
Som allerede nevnt kan de ifølge oppfinnelsen anvendte esteroljer være utvalgte individuelt bestemte estere av den angitte definisjon. Vanligvis foreligger de imidlertid i blandinger av estere av tilsvarende monokarboksylsyrer og monoalkoholer. Derved faller også spesielt slike blandinger innenfor rammen av oppfinnelsen som på den ene side tilsvarer oppfinnelsens krevede viskositetsbetingelse, spesielt også ved lave temperaturer, og som på den annen side oppviser minst 50-519É av den monofunksjonelle ester av den olefinisk en- og/eller flere ganger umettede karboksylsyren med 16-24 C-atomer. Esterbestanddeler og spesielt igjen karboksylsyre-estere av enverdige alkoholer og enverdige karboksylsyrer av andre konstitusjoner, er tillatelige som underordnede blandingsbestanddeler i den grad kravprofilen til egenskapene i stoffblandingen er oppfylt. Dette er viktig for anvendelsen av karboksylsyreblandinger av naturlig opprinnelse. Som regel inneholder slike naturlige anvendelsesstoffer også mer eller mindre store andeler av mettede karboksylsyrer og derved hyppig også nettopp karboksylsyrer innen området ci6_ig* Mettede fettsyrer av denne type henholdsvis deres estere, gir på grunn av det sammenligningsvis høytliggende smeltepunkt, lett reologiske vanskeligheter. Ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det derved være av fordel at de i esteroljen foreliggende mettede karboksylsyrerester i området C^^g ikke utgjør mer enn 20 vekt-% og spesielt ikke mer enn 10 vekt-£. As already mentioned, the ester oils used according to the invention can be selected individually determined esters of the given definition. Usually, however, they exist in mixtures of esters of corresponding monocarboxylic acids and monoalcohols. Thereby, in particular such mixtures also fall within the scope of the invention which on the one hand correspond to the required viscosity condition of the invention, especially also at low temperatures, and which on the other hand exhibit at least 50-519É of the monofunctional ester of the olefinic one- and/or more times the unsaturated carboxylic acid with 16-24 C atoms. Ester constituents and especially again carboxylic acid esters of monohydric alcohols and monohydric carboxylic acids of other constitutions are permissible as subordinate mixture constituents to the extent that the requirement profile for the properties in the substance mixture is met. This is important for the use of carboxylic acid mixtures of natural origin. As a rule, such natural application substances also contain more or less large proportions of saturated carboxylic acids and thereby often precisely carboxylic acids within the range ci6_ig* Saturated fatty acids of this type or their esters, due to the comparatively high melting point, easily cause rheological difficulties. According to the invention, it can therefore be advantageous that the saturated carboxylic acid residues present in the ester oil in the range C^^g do not amount to more than 20% by weight and in particular not more than 10% by weight.
Uten betenkelighet er det imidlertid at det foreligger spesielt mettede karboksylsyrerester i karbonantallområdet under C^,, spesielt i området Cj^—14* ^e ^er * Pr&ksis i de naturlige anvendelsesmaterialer hyppig foreliggende innhold av slike lavere, helt mettede fettsyrer er i underordnede mengder ofte verdifulle blandingskomponenter med henblikk på oppfinnelsens målsetning. Deres estere er under praktiske driftsbetingelser ikke ømfintlige for oksydasjon, deres reologiske egenskaper begunstiger oppfinnelsens målsetning, nemlig å erstatte de i praksis alene anvendte rene hydro-karbonoljer med esteroljer henholdsvis esteroljefraksjoner. Alkoholrestene for estrene henholdsvis esterblandingene innenfor oppfinnelsens lære avledes fortrinnsvis fra rettkjedede og/eller forgrenede, mettede alkoholer, hvorved alkoholer med minst 4 C-atomer og spesielt alkoholer i området til 10 C-atomer har spesiell betydning. Alkoholene kan derved likeledes være av naturlig opprinnelse og er da vanligvis oppnådd fra de tilsvarende karboksylsyrer henholdsvis deres estere ved hydrerende reduksjon. However, it is without objection that there are particularly saturated carboxylic acid residues in the carbon number range below C^,, especially in the range Cj^—14* ^e ^er * Pr&ksis in the natural application materials frequently present content of such lower, fully saturated fatty acids is in subordinate amounts often valuable mixture components for the purpose of the invention. Their esters are not susceptible to oxidation under practical operating conditions, their rheological properties favor the objective of the invention, namely to replace the pure hydrocarbon oils used in practice alone with ester oils or ester oil fractions. The alcohol residues for the esters or the ester mixtures within the teachings of the invention are preferably derived from straight-chain and/or branched, saturated alcohols, whereby alcohols with at least 4 C atoms and especially alcohols in the range of 10 C atoms are of particular importance. The alcohols can therefore also be of natural origin and are then usually obtained from the corresponding carboxylic acids or their esters by hydrating reduction.
Både når det gjelder monoalkoholer og når det gjelder monokarboksylsyrer kan man i stedet for utgangsmaterialer av naturlig opprinnelse helt eller delvis anvende tilsvarende komponenter av syntetisk opprinnelse. Typiske eksempler på alkoholer er de tilsvarende oksoalkoholer (forgrenede alkoholer) henholdsvis de i henhold til Ziegler-metoden oppnådde lineære alkoholer. Likeledes kan spesielt i karboksylsyreblandinger foreliggende monokarboksylsyrekompo-nenter være avledet fra den petrokjemiske syntese. Fordeler ligger imidlertid i utgangsmaterialer av naturlig opprinnelse, spesielt med henblikk på de påviste lave toksiko-logiske verdier, den lette nedbrytbarhet og den lette tilgjengelighet. For den til slutt ønskede destruksjon av brukt oljeslam på naturlig måte, er det selvfølgelig av betydning at esteroljene av den her beskrevne art lar seg nedbryte både på aerob og anaerob måte. Both in the case of monoalcohols and in the case of monocarboxylic acids, instead of starting materials of natural origin, equivalent components of synthetic origin can be used in whole or in part. Typical examples of alcohols are the corresponding oxoalcohols (branched alcohols) and the linear alcohols obtained according to the Ziegler method. Likewise, the monocarboxylic acid components present in carboxylic acid mixtures in particular may be derived from the petrochemical synthesis. Advantages, however, lie in starting materials of natural origin, especially with regard to the proven low toxicological values, the easy degradability and the easy availability. For the ultimately desired destruction of used oil sludge in a natural way, it is of course important that the ester oils of the type described here can be broken down both aerobically and anaerobically.
En viktig begrensning er imidlertid forbundet med anvendelsen av disse esteroljer i invert-oljeslam av den her beskrevne type. Herved dreier det seg om den allerede innledningsvis nevnte vanskelighet at karboksylsyreestrene prinsipielt tenderer til hydrolyse og oppfører seg anderledes enn de til nu anvendte rene hydrokarboner på grunn av dette. However, an important limitation is associated with the use of these ester oils in invert oil sludge of the type described here. This concerns the difficulty already mentioned at the outset that the carboxylic acid esters tend in principle to hydrolysis and behave differently from the currently used pure hydrocarbons because of this.
Invert-boreslam av den her beskrevne type inneholder vanligvis, sammen med den kontinuerlige oljefase, den findispergerte vandige fase i en mengde på 5-45 vekt-5f> og fortrinnsvis i mengder på 5-25 vekt-56. Området på 10-25 vekt-# dispergerte fase kan ha spesiell betydning. For-utsetningen for sammensetning av konvensjonelle boreslam gjelder også for de her beskrevne Invert-boreslam på esterbasis. Det er innlysende at det ved kontinuerlig praktisk drift kan inntre forstyrrelser av likevekten i flerfase-systemet, avhengig av en partiell esterforsåpning. Invert drilling mud of the type described herein usually contains, together with the continuous oil phase, the finely dispersed aqueous phase in an amount of 5-45 wt-5f> and preferably in amounts of 5-25 wt-56. The range of 10-25 wt-# dispersed phase may be of particular importance. The pre-exposure to the composition of conventional drilling muds also applies to the ester-based Invert drilling muds described here. It is obvious that during continuous practical operation disturbances of the equilibrium in the multiphase system can occur, depending on a partial ester saponification.
Situasjonen vanskeliggjøres ved at boreslammene av den her beskrevne type i praksis alltid inneholder en alkalireserve. En viktig betydning har alkalireserven som korrosjonsbeskyttelse mot uventede innbrudd av sure gasser og spesielt C0£ og/eller H2S. Korrosjonsproblematikken på borestrengen krever en sikker innstilling av pH-verdiene i det minste til svakt alkalisk område, for eksempel pH-verdier på 8,5 til 9 og høyere. The situation is made more difficult by the fact that drilling muds of the type described here in practice always contain an alkali reserve. An important role is played by the alkali reserve as corrosion protection against unexpected intrusions of acid gases and especially C0£ and/or H2S. The corrosion problem on the drill string requires a safe setting of the pH values at least to the slightly alkaline range, for example pH values of 8.5 to 9 and higher.
I oljeslam på basis av rene hydrokarbonfraksjoner som oljefase anvendes det i praksis generelt bg uten betenkelig-heter sterkt alkaliske og derved sterkt hydrofile tilsetningsstoffer av uorganisk eller organisk art. Spesiell betydning kan derved alkalihydroksyder og her spesielt natriumhydroksyd på den ene side og sterkt hydrofile organiske baser på den andre side, få, hvorved dietanolamin og/eller trietanolamin er spesielt vanlige tilsetningsmidler for å fange opp B^S-forurensninger. Ved siden og/eller i stedet for de her nevnte sterkt hydrofile uorganiske eller organiske baser, har også kalk (lime) eller videre svakere basiske metalloksyder, spesielt sinkoksyd eller sammenlignbare sinkforbindelser, en vesentlig betydning som alkalireserve. Nettopp kalk tilsettes i stort omfang som billig alkaliseringsmiddel. Derved blir det uten betenkelig-heter anvendt sammenligningsvis høye mengder som for eksempel kan ligge ved 5 til 10 lb/bbl (kalk/oljeslam) (omregningsfaktor:! lb/bbl = 2,8530 g/l), eller derover. In oil sludge based on pure hydrocarbon fractions as the oil phase, in practice, strongly alkaline and therefore strongly hydrophilic additives of an inorganic or organic nature are generally used without any concerns. Alkali hydroxides and here in particular sodium hydroxide on the one hand and strongly hydrophilic organic bases on the other can thereby be of particular importance, whereby diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine are particularly common additives to capture B^S contaminants. Alongside and/or instead of the strongly hydrophilic inorganic or organic bases mentioned here, lime (lime) or further weaker basic metal oxides, especially zinc oxide or comparable zinc compounds, also have a significant importance as an alkali reserve. Lime in particular is added on a large scale as a cheap alkalizing agent. Thereby, relatively high quantities are used without any problems, which can for example be at 5 to 10 lb/bbl (lime/oil sludge) (conversion factor: 1 lb/bbl = 2.8530 g/l), or more.
Anvendelsen av esterslam av den her beskrevne art krever med henblikk på disse variabler et avvik fra dagens praksis. Naturligvis må man også her sikre at pH-verdien for bore-slammet holdes i det minste i det svakt alkaliske området og at det er til disposisjon en tilstrekkelig mengde alkalireserve for uventet innbrudd av spesielt sure gasser. Derved blir det til enhver tid passet på at esterhydrolysen ikke fremmes og/eller akselereres på uønsket måte på grunn av et slikt alkaliinnhold. The use of ester sludge of the type described here requires, with regard to these variables, a deviation from current practice. Naturally, it must also be ensured here that the pH value for the drilling mud is kept at least in the weakly alkaline range and that there is a sufficient amount of alkali reserve available for the unexpected intrusion of particularly acidic gases. Thereby, care is taken at all times that the ester hydrolysis is not promoted and/or accelerated in an undesirable manner due to such an alkali content.
Således passer man i en foretrukken utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen på at det i oljeslammet ikke medanvendes vesentlige mengder av sterkt hydrofile baser av uorganisk og/eller organisk type. Spesielt gir oppfinnelsen avkall på medanvendelse av alkalihydroksyder eller sterkt hydrofile aminer av typen dietanolamin og/eller trietanolamin. Kalk kan på virkningsfull måte medanvendes som alkalireserve. Det er da imidlertid hensiktsmessig å begrense den maksimalt anvendte kalkmengde til ca. 2 lb/bbl, hvorved det kan være foretrukket å arbeide med boreslamfyllinger av kalk som ligger noe derunder, altså for eksempel i området 1 til 1,8 lb/bbl kalk pr. boreslam. Ved siden av eller i stedet for kalken kan man anvende andre alkalireserver av i og for seg kjent type. Nevnes her skal spesielt de mindre basiske metalloksyder av typen sinkoksyd samt andre sammenlignbare sinkforbindelser. Også ved anvendelse av slike syrefangere passer man imidlertid på ikke å tilsette for store mengder for å unngå en uønsket for tidlig aldring av boreslammet, forbundet med en viskositetsstigning og derved en forringelse av de reologiske egenskaper. Ved de her diskuterte spesielle trekk ved oppfinnelsen begrenser man dannelsen av uønskede mengder av høyvirksomme olje-i-vann-emulgatorer, eller i det minste begrenser denne dannelse slik at de gode reologiske utgangsverdier også oppnås ved den termiske aldring i drift i tilstrekkelig lang tid. Her ligger, i forholdet til de til nu i forbindelse med teoretiske betraktninger gitte an-befalinger i den kjente teknikk, et avgjørende overskudd som overhode muliggjør den praktiske anvendelse av de lave toksiske egenskaper for de her angjeldende esteroljer. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, care is taken that significant quantities of strongly hydrophilic bases of inorganic and/or organic type are not co-used in the oil sludge. In particular, the invention dispenses with the co-use of alkali hydroxides or strongly hydrophilic amines of the type diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine. Lime can be used effectively as an alkali reserve. However, it is then appropriate to limit the maximum amount of lime used to approx. 2 lb/bbl, whereby it may be preferred to work with drilling mud fillings of lime that lie somewhat below that, i.e. for example in the range of 1 to 1.8 lb/bbl of lime per drilling mud. Alongside or instead of the lime, other alkali reserves of a known type can be used. Particular mention should be made here of the less basic metal oxides of the zinc oxide type as well as other comparable zinc compounds. Even when using such acid scavengers, however, care is taken not to add too large amounts in order to avoid an undesired premature aging of the drilling mud, associated with an increase in viscosity and thereby a deterioration of the rheological properties. The special features of the invention discussed here limit the formation of unwanted amounts of highly effective oil-in-water emulsifiers, or at least limit this formation so that the good rheological output values are also achieved by the thermal aging in operation for a sufficiently long time. Here lies, in relation to the recommendations in the prior art given until now in connection with theoretical considerations, a decisive advantage which enables the practical application of the low toxic properties of the ester oils in question here.
De ifølge oppfinnelsen definerte og i temperaturområdet fra 0 til 5°C flyt- og pumpedyktige estere på basis av olefinisk umettede monokarboksylsyrer med 16-24 karbonatomer utgjør i den kontinuerlige oljefase av boreslammet generelt minst omtrent halvparten av oljefasen. Fortrinnsvis er imidlertid slike oljefaser som inneholder estrene henholdsvis esterblandingene som anvendes i oppfinnelsen i en sterk overveiende andel og i en spesiell viktig utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen, praktisk talt består av slike esteroljer. Som blandingskomponenter for utblanding av esteroljer for anvendelse i oppfinnelsen egner seg spesielt andre utvalgte esteroljefraksjoner som er beskrevet i NO-søknad 912338. Oppfinnelsen omfatter blandinger også med slike utvalgte andre esteroljer. The esters defined according to the invention and in the temperature range from 0 to 5°C are flowable and pumpable on the basis of olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 16-24 carbon atoms in the continuous oil phase of the drilling mud generally make up at least approximately half of the oil phase. Preferably, however, such oil phases which contain the esters or the ester mixtures used in the invention in a strong preponderant proportion and in a particularly important embodiment of the invention, practically consist of such ester oils. Other selected ester oil fractions described in NO application 912338 are particularly suitable as mixture components for mixing out ester oils for use in the invention. The invention also includes mixtures with such selected other ester oils.
Foretrukne invert-boreslam innenfor oppfinnelsens ramme har følgende reologiske data: plastisk viskositet (PV) i området 10-60 mPas, fortrinnsvis 15-40 mPas, flytgrense (Yield Point YP) i området 5-40 lb/100 ft2 , fortrinnsvis 10-25 lb/100 ft2 , alt bestemt ved 50° C (omregningsfaktor: 1 lb/100 ft<2> = 2,0885 Pa). For bestemmelsen av disse parametere, for de derved anvendte målemetoder samt for de forøvrig vanlige sammensetninger av de her beskrevne invert-boreoljeslam, gjelder det som er angitt i den kjente teknikk slik denne er nevnt ovenfor og slik det for eksempel er beskrevet utførlig i håndboken "Manual Of Drilling Fluids Technology" fra en av søkerne, Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc., spesielt 1 kapitlet "Mud Testing - Tools and Techniques" samt "Oil Mud Technology", som er fritt tilgjengelig for den interesserte fagverden. Som en sammenfatning kan man her for å fullstendiggjøre be-skrivelsen si følgende: For praktisk anvendelse brukbare emulgatorer er systemer som er egnet for dannelse av de krevede vann-i-olje-emulsjoner. I betraktning kommer spesielt utvalgte oleofile fettsyresalter, spesielt slike på basis av amidoaminforbindelser. Eksempler på slike er beskrevet i det allerede nevnte US-PS 4 374 737 og den der angitte litteratur. En spesielt egnet emulgator-type er det av Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc., under handels-betegnelsen "EZ-mul" markedsførte produkt. Preferred invert drilling muds within the scope of the invention have the following rheological data: plastic viscosity (PV) in the range 10-60 mPas, preferably 15-40 mPas, yield point YP in the range 5-40 lb/100 ft2 , preferably 10-25 lb/100 ft2 , all determined at 50° C (conversion factor: 1 lb/100 ft<2> = 2.0885 Pa). For the determination of these parameters, for the measuring methods used thereby as well as for the otherwise common compositions of the invert drilling oil muds described here, what is stated in the known technique as mentioned above and as described in detail in the manual, for example, applies. Manual Of Drilling Fluids Technology" from one of the applicants, Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc., especially 1 chapter "Mud Testing - Tools and Techniques" as well as "Oil Mud Technology", which is freely available to the interested professional world. As a summary, to complete the description, the following can be said: For practical use, usable emulsifiers are systems that are suitable for forming the required water-in-oil emulsions. Particularly selected oleophilic fatty acid salts, especially those based on amidoamine compounds, come into consideration. Examples of such are described in the already mentioned US-PS 4 374 737 and the literature indicated there. A particularly suitable type of emulsifier is the product marketed by Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc., under the trade name "EZ-mul".
Emulgatorer av den her beskrevne art er kommersielt til-gjengelige som høykonsentrerte aktiv-bestanddeltilberedninger og kan for eksempel finne anvendelse i mengder på 2,5-5 vekt-56, spesielt i mengder på 3-4 vekt-5é, beregnet på oljefasen. Emulsifiers of the type described here are commercially available as highly concentrated active ingredient preparations and can, for example, find use in amounts of 2.5-5 wt-56, especially in amounts of 3-4 wt-5é, calculated for the oil phase.
Som væsketapsadditiv og dermed spesielt for dannelse av et tett belegg på borehull veggene med en i utstrakt grad væskeugjennomtrengelig film, anvendes i praksis spesielt organofil lignitt. Egnede mengder ligger for eksempel innen området 15-20 lb/bbl eller i området 5-7 vekt-£, beregnet på esteroljefasen. Organophilic lignite in particular is used in practice as a liquid loss additive and thus especially for the formation of a dense coating on the borehole walls with a largely liquid impermeable film. Suitable amounts are, for example, in the range of 15-20 lb/bbl or in the range of 5-7 wt-lb, calculated on the ester oil phase.
I boreslam av den her beskrevne type er den vanligvis anvendte viskositetsdanner en kationisk, modifisert, fin-fordelt, organofil bentonitt som kan anvendes spesielt i mengder på 8-10 lb/bbl eller i området 2-4 vekt-£, beregnet på esteroljefasen. De i praksis vanligvis anvendte tyngdegivende midler for å innstille den nødvendige trykkutjevning er barytt, hvis tilsetningsmengder tilpasses de ventede betingelser i borehullet. Det er for eksempel mulig å heve den spesifikke vekt for boreslammet til verdier i området 2,5 og fortrinnsvis i området 1,3-1,6, ved tilsetning av barytt. In drilling mud of the type described here, the commonly used viscosity former is a cationic, modified, finely divided, organophilic bentonite which can be used in particular in quantities of 8-10 lb/bbl or in the range of 2-4 wt-£, calculated on the ester oil phase. The weighting agents usually used in practice to set the required pressure equalization are baryte, the addition quantities of which are adapted to the expected conditions in the borehole. It is, for example, possible to raise the specific weight of the drilling mud to values in the range of 2.5 and preferably in the range of 1.3-1.6, by adding baryte.
Den dispergerte vandige fase fylles i invert-boreslam av den her angjeldende type, med oppløselige salter. Overveiende anvender man her kalsiumklorid og/eller kaliumklorid, hvorved metning av den vandige fase ved romtemperatur med det oppløselige salt, er foretrukket. The dispersed aqueous phase is filled in invert drilling mud of the type in question here, with soluble salts. Calcium chloride and/or potassium chloride are predominantly used here, whereby saturation of the aqueous phase at room temperature with the soluble salt is preferred.
De ovenfor nevnte emulgatorer henholdsvis emulgatorsystemer tjener eventuelt også til å forbedre oljefornetningsevnen for de uorganiske tyngdegivende materialer. Ved siden av de allerede nevnte aminoamider kan det som ytterligere eksempler også nevnes alkylbenzosulfonater samt imidazolinforbindelser. Ytterligere angivelser med henblikk på den kjente teknikk finnes i GB 2 158 437, EP 229 912 samt DE 32 47 123. The above-mentioned emulsifiers or emulsifier systems may also serve to improve the oil cross-linking ability of the inorganic bulking materials. Alongside the already mentioned amino amides, alkyl benzosulphonates and imidazoline compounds can also be mentioned as further examples. Further information with regard to the known technique can be found in GB 2 158 437, EP 229 912 and DE 32 47 123.
De på grunnlag av medanvendelse av esteroljer av den beskrevne type oppbygde boreslam utmerker seg i tillegg til de allerede skildrede fordeler ved en tydelig forbedret smøreevne. Viktig er dette spesielt når boringen for eksempel på store dyp avviker fra det loddrette. Den roterende borestreng kommer her lett i kontakt med borehullveggen og graver seg ved drift inn i denne. Esteroljer av den ifølge oppfinnelsen som oljefase anvendte type har en tydelig bedre smørevirkning enn de til nu anvendte mineraloljer. Her ligger en ytterligere viktig fordel som oppnås ifølge oppfinnelsen. On the basis of the combined use of ester oils of the type described, the built-up drilling muds are distinguished, in addition to the already described advantages, by a clearly improved lubricity. This is particularly important when, for example, drilling at great depths deviates from the vertical. The rotating drill string here easily comes into contact with the borehole wall and digs into it during operation. Ester oils of the type used as the oil phase according to the invention have a clearly better lubricating effect than the mineral oils currently used. Here lies a further important advantage which is achieved according to the invention.
Oppfinnelsen skal illustreres nærmere under henvisning til de ledsagende eksempler (der 1 lb/100 ft<2> = 2,0885 Pa): The invention shall be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying examples (where 1 lb/100 ft<2> = 2.0885 Pa):
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Det fremstilles et invert-slam på basis av en ikke-destillert isobutyl-beteoljeester som kontinuerlig oljefase. Denne beteoljeester er basert på en blanding overveiende av umettede, rettkjedede karboksylsyrer som tilsvarer omtrent følgende fordeling: 60% oljesyre, 20$ linolsyre, 9-10$ linolensyre, ca. 4& olefinisk umettede C20_22-monokarboksylsyrer og resten umettede monokarboksylsyrer, overveiende i området c^^,_^g- An invert sludge is produced on the basis of a non-distilled isobutyl beet oil ester as a continuous oil phase. This beet oil ester is based on a mixture predominantly of unsaturated, straight-chain carboxylic acids which corresponds approximately to the following distribution: 60% oleic acid, 20% linoleic acid, 9-10% linolenic acid, approx. 4& olefinically unsaturated C20_22-monocarboxylic acids and the rest unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, predominantly in the range c^^,_^g-
Den anvendte beteoljeester har videre de følgende kjennedata: densitet (20°C) 0,872 g/cm5 ; flytpunkt under -15°C; flammepunkt (DIN 51584) over 180"C; syretall (DGF-C-V 2) 1,2; viskositet ved 0°C 32 mPas, viskositet ved 5°C 24 mPas; intet aromatinnhold. The beet oil ester used also has the following characteristic data: density (20°C) 0.872 g/cm5 ; pour point below -15°C; flash point (DIN 51584) above 180"C; acid number (DGF-C-V 2) 1.2; viscosity at 0°C 32 mPas, viscosity at 5°C 24 mPas; no aromatic content.
Det ble fremstilt invert-boreslam på konvensjonell måte under anvendelse av følgende blandingsbestanddeler: Invert drilling mud was prepared in a conventional manner using the following mix ingredients:
230 ml beteoljerfettsyreester 230 ml beet oil fatty acid ester
26 ml vann 26 ml of water
6 g organisk bentonitt ("Geitone" fra firma Baroid 6 g of organic bentonite ("Geitone" from the company Baroid
Drilling Fluids, Inc. ) Drilling Fluids, Inc. )
0,2 g kalk 0.2 g of lime
6 g vann-l-olje-emulgator ("EZ-mul" fra firma Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.) 6 g water-l-oil emulsifier ("EZ-mul" from the company Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.)
340 g barytt 340 g baryte
9,2 g CaCl2 x 2H20 9.2 g of CaCl2 x 2H2O
20 g organofil lignitt ("Duratone" fra firma Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc. ) 20 g of organophilic lignite ("Duratone" from the company Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.)
Først bestemmer man den plastiske viskositet, PV, flyt-grensen, YP, samt gelstyrken efter 10 sekunder og efter 10 minutter ved vlskositetsmåling ved 50° C på ikke-aldret materiale. First, the plastic viscosity, PV, yield point, YP, and the gel strength are determined after 10 seconds and after 10 minutes by liquid viscosity measurement at 50° C on unaged material.
Derefter aldres invert-boreslammet i 16 timer ved 125°C i en autoklav i en såkalt "Boller-oven" for å prøve temperatur-innflytelsen på emulsjonsstabiliteten. Derefter bestemmer man på ny viskositetsverdiene ved 50°C. The invert drilling mud is then aged for 16 hours at 125°C in an autoclave in a so-called "Boller oven" to test the influence of temperature on emulsion stability. The viscosity values are then determined again at 50°C.
Man oppnår de følgende verdier: The following values are obtained:
Sammenllgningseksempel 1 Combination example 1
Man lager på ny et invert-boreslam ifølge det som angis i eksempel 1. Her hever man imidlertid kalkmengden til en verdi på 4 g og forhøyer den dermed drastisk over grenseverdien på 2 lb/bbl. An invert drilling mud is made again according to what is stated in example 1. Here, however, the amount of lime is raised to a value of 4 g and thus increased drastically above the limit value of 2 lb/bbl.
Også her bestemmer man viskositetsverdier og gelstyrke på ikke-aldret og på aldret materiale. Man oppnår følgende tallverdier: Here, too, viscosity values and gel strength are determined on non-aged and aged material. The following numerical values are obtained:
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Man fremstiller på ny et invert-boreslam med kontinuerlig oljefase. Som oljefase anvender man destillert oljesyreisobutylester med følgende kjennedata: densitet (20<*>C) 0,86 g/cm5 ; viskositet (20°C) 8-10 mPas; flytpunkt under -25"C; flammepunkt (DIN 51584) over 185°C; syretall (DGF-C-V 2) under 1; intet aromatinnhold. An invert drilling mud with a continuous oil phase is produced again. Distilled oleic acid isobutyl ester is used as the oil phase with the following characteristic data: density (20<*>C) 0.86 g/cm5 ; viscosity (20°C) 8-10 mPas; pour point below -25"C; flash point (DIN 51584) above 185°C; acid number (DGF-C-V 2) below 1; no aromatic content.
Man fremstiller et boreslam med følgende sammensetning: A drilling mud is produced with the following composition:
210 ml isobutyloleat 210 ml isobutyl oleate
6 g emulgator på fettsyrebasis ("Invermul" fra firma 6 g fatty acid-based emulsifier ("Invermul" from the company).
Baroid Drilling FLuids, Inc.) Baroid Drilling FLuids, Inc.)
6 g organofil bentonitt ("Geitone" fra firma Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.) 13 g organofil lignitt ("Duratone" fra firma Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc. ) 6 g of organophilic bentonite ("Geitone" from the company Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.) 13 g of organophilic lignite ("Duratone" from the company Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.)
1 g kalk 1 g lime
3 g vann-i-olje-emulgator ("EZ-mul" fra firma Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.) 3 g of water-in-oil emulsifier ("EZ-mul" from the company Baroid Drilling Fluids, Inc.)
270 g barytt 270 g baryte
58,2 g mettet vandig CaCl2~oppløsning 58.2 g saturated aqueous CaCl2 solution
På ikke-aldret og på aldret (16 timer ved 125°C i "Roller-Oven") materiale bestemmer man som i eksempel 1 den plastiske viskositet, flytgrense, samt gelstyrken efter 10 sekunder og efter 10 minutter. De derved målte verdier er oppstilt nedenfor. I den her anvendte reseptur tilsvarer ca. 1,2 g kalk-grenseverdien på 2 lb/bbl. On non-aged and aged (16 hours at 125°C in the "Roller-Oven") material, the plastic viscosity, yield strength and gel strength are determined as in example 1 after 10 seconds and after 10 minutes. The values thus measured are listed below. In the recipe used here, approx. 1.2 g lime limit of 2 lb/bbl.
Sammenligningseksempel 2 Comparative example 2
Med resepturen fra eksempel 2 fremstilles man på ny et invert-boreslam. Dog blir kalktilsetningen forhøyet til 2 g og derved overskrides grenseverdien på 2 lb/bbl tydelig. De på ikke-aldrede og aldrede materialer bestemte verdier for den plastiske viskositet, flytgrense samt gelstyrke, er sammenfattet nedenfor: With the recipe from example 2, an invert drilling mud is produced again. However, the lime addition is increased to 2 g and thereby the limit value of 2 lb/bbl is clearly exceeded. The values determined on non-aged and aged materials for the plastic viscosity, yield strength and gel strength are summarized below:
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO923656A NO172129B (en) | 1988-12-19 | 1992-09-21 | USE OF SELECTED ESTERS IN MINERAL OIL, WATER-IN-OIL DRILL |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3842659A DE3842659A1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 1988-12-19 | USE OF SELECTED ESTEROILS IN DRILLING RINSING, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE OFF-SHORE DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM OR. NATURAL GAS DEPOSIT (I) |
PCT/EP1989/001512 WO1990006980A1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 1989-12-11 | Use of selected ester oils in bore-flushing fluids, particularly for the development of offshore oil and gas fields (i) |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO912337L NO912337L (en) | 1991-06-17 |
NO912337D0 NO912337D0 (en) | 1991-06-17 |
NO171562B true NO171562B (en) | 1992-12-21 |
Family
ID=6369495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO912337A NO171562B (en) | 1988-12-19 | 1991-06-17 | MINERAL OIL-FREE, WATER-IN-OIL DRILL |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0374671B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR247911A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE103627T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU639219C (en) |
BR (1) | BR8907835A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2006010C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3842659A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK170786B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2061909T3 (en) |
GE (1) | GEP20001918B (en) |
IE (1) | IE65152B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX174181B (en) |
MY (1) | MY108504A (en) |
NO (1) | NO171562B (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ231827A (en) |
PT (1) | PT92597B (en) |
RO (1) | RO111579B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2044025C1 (en) |
TJ (1) | TJ195R3 (en) |
TR (1) | TR24786A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990006980A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA899693B (en) |
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-
1988
- 1988-12-19 DE DE3842659A patent/DE3842659A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-12-05 MY MYPI89001702A patent/MY108504A/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 AT AT89122819T patent/ATE103627T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-11 RO RO147837A patent/RO111579B1/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 ES ES89122819T patent/ES2061909T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-11 NZ NZ231827A patent/NZ231827A/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 DE DE89122819T patent/DE58907349D1/en not_active Revoked
- 1989-12-11 EP EP89122819A patent/EP0374671B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1989-12-11 GE GEAP19893716A patent/GEP20001918B/en unknown
- 1989-12-11 BR BR898907835A patent/BR8907835A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-11 AU AU46551/89A patent/AU639219C/en not_active Expired
- 1989-12-11 EP EP90900103A patent/EP0448579A1/en active Pending
- 1989-12-11 WO PCT/EP1989/001512 patent/WO1990006980A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-12-11 IE IE405689A patent/IE65152B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-15 PT PT92597A patent/PT92597B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-18 ZA ZA899693A patent/ZA899693B/en unknown
- 1989-12-18 MX MX018753A patent/MX174181B/en unknown
- 1989-12-19 TR TR90/0006A patent/TR24786A/en unknown
- 1989-12-19 AR AR89315714A patent/AR247911A1/en active
- 1989-12-19 CA CA002006010A patent/CA2006010C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-17 RU SU914895872A patent/RU2044025C1/en active
- 1991-06-17 NO NO912337A patent/NO171562B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-06-18 DK DK117591A patent/DK170786B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-12-30 TJ TJ94000025A patent/TJ195R3/en unknown
Also Published As
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CA2006010A1 (en) | 1990-06-19 |
EP0374671A1 (en) | 1990-06-27 |
ZA899693B (en) | 1990-08-29 |
DE3842659A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 |
MY108504A (en) | 1996-10-31 |
TJ195R3 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
RU2044025C1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
IE894056L (en) | 1990-06-19 |
AR247911A1 (en) | 1995-04-28 |
AU639219C (en) | 2003-11-13 |
TR24786A (en) | 1992-05-01 |
EP0448579A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
GEP20001918B (en) | 2000-01-05 |
MX174181B (en) | 1994-04-27 |
PT92597B (en) | 1995-09-12 |
PT92597A (en) | 1990-06-29 |
CA2006010C (en) | 2004-06-29 |
DK117591D0 (en) | 1991-06-18 |
ATE103627T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
DK117591A (en) | 1991-08-13 |
DK170786B1 (en) | 1996-01-15 |
AU4655189A (en) | 1990-07-10 |
AU639219B2 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
NZ231827A (en) | 1991-12-23 |
WO1990006980A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 |
RO111579B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 |
IE65152B1 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
ES2061909T3 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
NO912337L (en) | 1991-06-17 |
NO912337D0 (en) | 1991-06-17 |
EP0374671B1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
BR8907835A (en) | 1991-10-22 |
DE58907349D1 (en) | 1994-05-05 |
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