NO158619B - Varmeisolerende legeme og fremgangsmaate for fremstilling derav. - Google Patents
Varmeisolerende legeme og fremgangsmaate for fremstilling derav. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO158619B NO158619B NO821004A NO821004A NO158619B NO 158619 B NO158619 B NO 158619B NO 821004 A NO821004 A NO 821004A NO 821004 A NO821004 A NO 821004A NO 158619 B NO158619 B NO 158619B
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- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- acid
- reaction
- reacted
- peptides
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/007—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore distribution, e.g. inhomogeneous distribution of pores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
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Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av biologisk aktive peptider.
Denne oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av biologisk aktive peptider.
Det er tidligere beskrevet (Biochem. & Biophys.
Acta 56 (1962) side 559-70, Compt.Rend. 250 (1960) side 624-5,
og Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 43 (1961) side 1017-30) fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av peptider hvor man blant annet går ut fra en enzymblanding som består av fire forskjellige virksomme enzymer.
Det er ikke mulig å si noe om mekanismen ved disse metoder;
syntesen kan ikke styres for å oppnå spesielle, ønskede peptider,
og de nevnte metoder er derfor uten verdi for fremstilling av peptider med en forutbestemt gruppering av aminosyrene.
I henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringes
en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av biologisk aktive peptider med en forutbestemt sekvens av aminosyrer ved trinnvis syntese. Fremgangsmåten karakteriseres ved at en lavere alkylestér av en et-aminosyre eller en blanding av slike estere i nærvar av guanosintrifosfat og et enzym hvis koenzyadel utgjøres av et redoksmiddel i form av askorbinsyre eller et askorbinsyre-
derivat og hvis apoenzymdei er fremstilt av kalvelever, omsettes med en jodert aminosyre eller en blanding av slike syrer, eller et peptid, idet det anvendes joderte aminosyrer og peptider som ikke er ionisert under reaksjonsbetingelsene, og som oppviser en pK-verdi som er lavere enn eller lik 8, samt virker som igangsetningsmiddel for reaksjonen, og at det først erholdte peptid eventuelt omsettes med ytterligere a-aminosyre-lavere-alkylester av samme eller av et annet slag enn den som først ble omsatt, under dannelse av polypeptider.
Reaksjonen gjennomføres hensiktsmessig i nærvær av magnesiumioner, og ved en pH mellom 7 og 8, særlig ved ca. 7,6.
Det er kjent at visse enzymer har evne til å danne peptider mellom en ester og en aminogruppe ifølge
Et enzym består av en proteindel, apoenzym, som kan renfremstilles, og et koenzym, sop ifølge oppfinnelsen utgjøres av et redoksmiddel i form av askorbinsyre, eller et derivat derav, såsom ©-askorbinsyre, 6-desoksyaskorbinsyre, L-ramnosasko-binsyre, D-arabnosaskorbinsyre eller L-glykosaskorbinsyre.
Ved reaksjonen nedbrytes guanosintrifosfat til guanosinmonofosfat og pyrofosfat, og én ekvivalent guanosintrifosfat er nødvendig for hver ekvivalent peptidbinding, -COffH-, som dannes.
Reaksjonen ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen skjer i flere trinn. Først fosforyleres og oksyderes samtidig aminogruppon, hvorved et oc-pyrofosforylert hydroksylaminderi-vat erholdes med formelen (HNY-0P2°g)<=>. Dette hydroksylaminderi-vat reagerer derefter med esteren ifølge
Denne forbindelse reduseres og defosforylefes, hvorved man får XCONHY og pyrofosfat.
Alkylesterene av aminosyrene utgjøres hensiktsmessig av metyl* eller etylestere. ;Estere av følgende aminosyrer er egnede ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen: glykokoll, alanin, valin, leucin, isoleucin, fenylalanin, prolin, serin, treonin, cystein, cystin, tryptofan, metionin, tyrosin, asparaglnsyre, asparagin, gluta-minsyre, glutamin, lysin, arginin, histidin, sarkosin, betaln, hydroksyprolin, alfa-aminoadiplnByre, ornitin, gamma-aminosmør-syre, oysteinsyre, taurin, lantionin, azoserin, cykloserin, fenylserin, kloramfenikol og a, C-diaminopimelinsyre. Vanlig-vis anvendes L-isomerene. Amiriogruppene hos disse estere har i likhet med de tilsvarende aminosyrer meget høye pK-verdier, dvs. pK =« 9-10. Reaksjonen kan således ikke igangsettes med kun aminosyrenes estere. Et igangsetningsmiddel er nødvendig for reaksjonen i henhold til oppfinnelsen, og på grunnlag av pK-verdien for forbindelser som er hensiktsmessige ut fra forskjellige synspunkter, utvelges igangsetningsmiddelet. De fleste dipeptider har pK-verdier på omkring 8,5. Tripeptider har i de fleste tilfeller for a-amlnogruppen pK-verdier på ;7,8 - 8. Høyere peptider har pK-verdier på 7,6 - 7,8. Joderte aminosyrer har lave pK-verdier. Por peptidfremstillingen velges et igangsetningsmiddel med lav pK-verdi, hvorved påkobling av amlnoayreester blir mulig. ;Ved reaksjonen i henhold til oppfinnelsen blir det til en oppløsning med hensiktsmessig sammensetning tilsatt enzymet, apoenzym og askorbinsyre, og en ekvivalent av et igangsetningsmiddel (aminet) S' samt derefter en ekvivalent guanosintrifosfat, hvorved den sistnevnte helt forbrukes og S<*>
i sin helhet aktiveres. Derefter tilsettes en ekvivalent av aminosyreesteren A'.j til oppløsningen, som reageres under dannelse av SA^. Ved at det ikke finnes noe overskudd av guanosintrifosfat kan herved SA^ ikke aktiveres, og det er ikke fare for dannelse av noe biprodukt såsom SA-jA-j. Når reaksjonen er gjennomført, tilsettes en ny ekvivalent guanosintrifosfat som aktiverer SA^, hvorefter en annen aminosyreester A^ tilsettes, hvorved SA^Ag dannes. Man kan derefter på denne måte fortsette videre og får på samme måte SA^AgA^ ......AR ved trinnvise reak-sjoner.
Polypeptidene fremstilt ved fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan anvendes som hormoner, for eksempel hypo-fysehormoner såsom adrenokortikotrope hormoner osv., blodglykose-senkende hormoner og andre biologisk aktive stoffer såsom plasma-
kininer og peptidantibiotika.
Eksempel 1
Syntese av peptidet his- phe- arg- try- gly- gly- gly
(his = histidin, phe = <f>enylalanih, arg arg in in, try = tryptofan, gly = glykokoll).
Til 10 ml trisbuffer (0,1 M tris-HCl og 0,05 M KC1,
pH 7,6) ble tilsatt 5 mM MgClg» 5 mikroliter enzymoppløsning (20 mikrogram), 0,1 mg askorbinsyre og en ekvivalent gly-gly-
gly (oa. 10 mg).,
Beaksjonskaret var forsynt med en rører, og oppløs-ningens pH-verdi ble kontrollert elektrometrisko
Guanosintrifosfat og metylesterene av his, phe, arg, try ble oppmålt i ekvivalente mengder til gly-gly-gly, og ble opp-løst i trisbuffer.
Til den ovenfor angitte oppløsning ble tilsatt en ekvivalent mengde guanisintrifosfat, og efter noen minutter metylesteren av tryptofan. Den forskyvning av pH-verdien som inn-traff, ble kompensert med 0,1 M NaOH. Efter 1 til 3 minutter ble det tilsatt en ny ekvivalent guanosintrifosfat, og efter noen minutter metylesteren av arginin, og det ble kompensert for pH-verdien. Derefter ble de øvrige estere tilsatt på lignende måte.
Efter at den siste ester var. tilført, ble pH-verdien senket til ca.. 6, og oppløsningen ble fortynnet med destillert vann til omtrentlig tre-dobbelt og ble overført til en kolonne av karboksymetylcellulose og ble vasket med 0,01 M eddiksyre, slik at alt nukleotid ble fjernet, hvorefter peptidet ble opp-løst i 0,1 M HClo Pra tryptofaninnholdet kunne man beregne et utbytte på. ca. 90 56.
Det erholdte peptid ble analysert ved kromatografi
på papir i systemet butanol, eddiksyre, vann (4:1:5). Foruten den generelle fremkalling med ninhydrin ble det anvendt spesi-eller reagenser for å identifisere visse aminosyrer, nemlig try, his, arg. Ved kromatografering av peptidet fikk man kun én eneste klar flekk med Rf = 0,85 ved forskjellige fremkallings-metoder.
Peptidet ble Inkubert med trypsln og kymotrypsin. Pilene i den nedenforstående formel viser hvor man kan vente
seg spaltningen.
Kromatografi av trypsininkubert peptid ga to flekker:
Kymotrypsin spalter anomalt og bare partielt ved try.
Peptidet forholder seg som ventet ved analysen. Ved inkuberingene forsvant alt opprinnelig peptid (l^ = 0,85). Dette betyr at ingen raoemisering har funnet sted ved syntesen, idet man da kun skulle få en partiell nedbrytning.
Eksempel 2 - 7
Den virkning som de såkalt melanooyt stimulerende hormoner tilveiebringer, kan best prøves på amfibier. Hos disse dyr er ved lysbehandling melanin-granulasjoner samlet rundt kjernen og danner en mørk flekk. Under hormonets innvirkning sprer granulasjanen seg ut mer og mer, og cellen kan til slutt bli liksom gjennomskåret av et mørkt nettverk. Hele denne pro-sess er lett å iaktta.
De forskjellige preparater som er syntetisert er alle prøvet på den vanlige frosk, Rana temporalia. Melanocyterne synes her som sorte, runde flekker, men når stimuli injiseres for-andres de for forskjellig måte alt efter styrken av stimuli. Hogben og Slome har angitt et indeksskjema med fen forskjellige trinn, der man statistisk kan nå mellomtrinn. Dette indekssystem er anvendt ved måling av aktiviteten i de forskjellige prepara-ta.
Ved fremgangsmåten i henhold til oppfinnelsen er de følgende petider syntetisert.
I den følgende tabell er verdiene fra aktivitetsbe-stemmelsene på de forskjellige, syntetiserte peptider sammenfattet. Verdiene er relative aktiviteter når verdien av oc-MSH er satt
lik 1.
Ved fremgangsmåten er ikke bare det oc-melanocyt-stimulerende hormon fremstilt, men også en rekke derivater av dette. I disse derivater er en viktig aminosyre utbyttet med en annen i sekvensen. I tilfellet 6-glycin-a-MSH får man et inaktivt derivat. Dette derivat kan imidlertid sette seg på re-ceptorstedet for peptidet og virker derved som en inhibitor, slik at hvis et aktivt peptid tilsettes efter injeksjon av det in-aktive, får man ingen aktivitet. Av interesse er peptidet 7-ala, 8-his-a-MSH som har en større aktivitet enn noe annet melanocyt-stimulerende hormon. Det gir dessuten en effekt som varer omtrentlig fire ganger sålenge som effekten fra det vanlige hormon. Ved fremgangsmåten er det således mulig å syntetisere fysiologisk sktive peptider og derivater av disse, samt derved forsterke eller svekke eller inhibitere eller forlenge den fysi ologiske effekten.
Fremstilling av apoenzymet.
Fremstillingen ay enzymet kan skje på følgende måte:
1 kg fersk kalveleyer grovmales og homogeniseres derefter i 1 liter 0,05 M fosfat-buffer, pH 7,6,.til hvilken også 10 g natriumdesoksycholat tilsettes. Oppløsningen gjøres sur til pH
5, og den dannede utfelning adskilles straks, hvorefter pH-verdien umiddelbart justeres til pH 7,6. Til oppløsningen tilsettes ammoniumsulfat til 38 # (vekt/volum). Dannet utfelning kastes. Den resterende oppløsning gjøres 5 #ig med hensyn til ammoniumsulfat. Den dannede feining avfiltreres og oppløses i svakt ammoniakalsk vann og dialyseres under kontroll, slik at pH ligger ved 7. Den erholdte, kraftig mørkerøde væske avfarves ved å tilføre 3 g aktivt kull. Kullet filtreres fra og oppløsningen anbringes på en DEAE-kolonne..Kolonnen vaskes med 100 ml 0,15
M KC1, inneholdende 0,02 M fosfatbuffer, pH 7,6, hvorefter enzymet frigjøres med 0,25 M KC1 0,02 M fosfatbuffer, pH 7,6. Den erholdte oppløsning dialyseres mot destillert vann. Oppløsning-en frysétørkés.
Det frysetørkede materiale oppløses i 70 # etanol, som inneholder 0,001 M HgClgi Blik at man.får en 5 ^ oppløsning. Denne oppløsning er. helt klar og oppbevares i kjøleskap. Efter en tid utkrystalliseres firkantede, flate krystaller. Utbytte ca. 80 mg.
Kvikksølvsaltet er inaktivt, men meget bestandig.
Når man trenger enzym for forsøk, tar man en liten del av krystal-lene og oppløser dem i noe vann og anbringer dem på en kolonne av IRC 4-00 i tioeddiksyrecyklus. Herved f år man enzymet fritt for kvikksølv i en med askorbinsyre aktiv form.
Claims (3)
1• Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av biologisk aktive peptider med en forutbestemt sekvens av aminosyrer ved trinnvis syntese, karakterisert ved at en lavere alkylester av en cc-amlnosyre eller en blanding av slike estere i nærvær av guanosintrifosfat. og et enzym hvis koenzymdel utgjøres av et redoksmiddel i form av askorbinsyre eller et askorbinsyre-derivat,og hvis apoenzymdel er fremstilt av kalvelever, omsettes med en jodert aminosyre eller en blanding av slike syrer, eller et peptid, idet det anvendes joderte aminosyrer og peptider som ikke er ionisert under reaksjonsbetingelsene, og som oppviser en pK-verdi som er lavere enn eller lik 8, samt virker som igangsetningsmiddel for reaksjonen,og at det først erholdte peptid eventuelt omsettes med ytterligere a-aminosyre-lavere-alkylester av samme eller av et annet slag enn den som først ble omsatt, under dannelse av polypeptider.
2. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1,karakterisert ved at omsetningen dessuten utføres i nærvær av magnesium!oier.
3. Fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1 og 2,karakterisert ved at omsetningen gjennomføres ved en pH mellom 7 og 8, særlig ved ca. 7,6.
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US8844233B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2014-09-30 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Foam insulation board with edge sealer |
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US20060068188A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Morse Rick J | Foam backed fiber cement |
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US20060245830A1 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Jon Woolstencroft | Reinforcement membrane and methods of manufacture and use |
US20070175154A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-08-02 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Exterior wall panel with enhanced interior facing surface |
US7908814B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2011-03-22 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Composite siding using a shape molded foam backing member |
CA2648966C (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-01-06 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | A surface sealed reinforced building element |
US8187423B1 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2012-05-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Fiber reinforced composites |
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JP5150975B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2013-02-27 | Esファイバービジョンズ株式会社 | 多孔質成形体用収縮性繊維 |
US7918950B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-04-05 | United States Gypsum Company | Low fiber calcination process for making gypsum fiberboard |
JP4324977B1 (ja) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-09-02 | 株式会社プロテックエンジニアリング | 耐荷材 |
US8111813B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2012-02-07 | Avaya Inc. | Unified greeting service for telecommunications events |
NL2003576C2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-03-31 | Univ Delft Technology | Sheet-like building material. |
GB2482196B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2014-12-31 | Page Concrete & Steel Ltd | A concrete slab |
US8795813B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2014-08-05 | Exterior Portfolio, Llc | Ribbed backed panels |
JP6685549B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-11 | 2020-04-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 多孔質体及びその製造方法 |
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Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB772581A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1957-04-17 | Saint Gobain | Reinforced plaster panels and process for their manufacture |
US3147177A (en) * | 1962-04-16 | 1964-09-01 | Armstrong Cork Co | Low-density, heat-insulating material |
DE1929257A1 (de) * | 1968-06-17 | 1970-02-12 | Nat Res Dev | Verfahren zum Herstellen gepresster Leichtbetonfertigteile |
CA993779A (en) * | 1971-08-17 | 1976-07-27 | Nicholas F. Morrone | Inorganic felt covered gypsum board |
BE791262A (fr) * | 1971-11-11 | 1973-03-01 | Battelle Development Corp | Perfectionnements aux elements de construction en beton |
US4124669A (en) * | 1973-05-08 | 1978-11-07 | Urmston Charles W B | Aerated concrete process |
US4053677A (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1977-10-11 | Corao Manuel J | Light concrete monolithic slab |
US4161855A (en) * | 1976-04-21 | 1979-07-24 | General Electric Company | Thermal insulation material and process for making the same |
FR2399308A1 (fr) * | 1977-08-03 | 1979-03-02 | Roales Gabriel | Carreau de platre, ainsi que procede utilise pour sa fabrication |
US4334786A (en) * | 1978-02-08 | 1982-06-15 | Saint Gobain Industries | Process and mechanism for evolutive pulp flow regulation |
DE2833427A1 (de) * | 1978-07-29 | 1980-02-07 | Porelith Baustoffwerk | Bauteil, insbesondere wandbauplatte, aus porengips sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung |
US4240839A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1980-12-23 | General Electric Company | Thermal insulation material |
-
1981
- 1981-03-26 US US06/247,669 patent/US4351867A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1982
- 1982-03-13 DE DE8282102046T patent/DE3266986D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-03-13 EP EP19820102046 patent/EP0061633B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-25 NO NO821004A patent/NO158619C/no unknown
- 1982-03-25 JP JP4881982A patent/JPS57175770A/ja active Pending
- 1982-03-26 DK DK140082A patent/DK140082A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS57175770A (en) | 1982-10-28 |
EP0061633A1 (en) | 1982-10-06 |
NO158619C (no) | 1988-10-12 |
DE3266986D1 (en) | 1985-11-28 |
EP0061633B1 (en) | 1985-10-23 |
NO821004L (no) | 1982-09-27 |
DK140082A (da) | 1982-09-27 |
US4351867A (en) | 1982-09-28 |
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