NO144765B - PULL MACHINE. - Google Patents
PULL MACHINE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO144765B NO144765B NO782894A NO782894A NO144765B NO 144765 B NO144765 B NO 144765B NO 782894 A NO782894 A NO 782894A NO 782894 A NO782894 A NO 782894A NO 144765 B NO144765 B NO 144765B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- threads
- gas
- islet
- thread diameter
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D41/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
- B23D41/08—Broaching machines or broaching devices characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of drives; of control devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D37/00—Broaching machines or broaching devices
- B23D37/14—Broaching machines with rotatably-arranged working tools
- B23D37/16—Broaching machines with rotatably-arranged working tools for broaching helical grooves
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Description
Asbestdiafragma for elektrolyserer. Asbestos diaphragm for electrolyzers.
Ved elektrolysører for fremstilling av hydrogen og oxygen ved elektrolytisk spalt-ning av vandige oppløsninger søkes elek-trodeavstanden som kjent holdt så liten som mulig for å redusere elektrolytt-motstanden. Den sammentrengte celleoppbyg-ningen kunne imidlertid føre til sammen-blanding av gassene og dermed eventuelt til farlige eksplosjoner. Det er derfor nød-vendig å anordne et diafragma mellom anoden og katoden. Slike skillevegger skal på den ene side sikre atskillelsen av gassene, men på den annen side ikke vesentlig hindre strømgjennomgangen. Ut over dette må et diafragma være mekanisk og elek-trokjemisk motstandsdyktig for å forbli funksjonsdyktig i lang tid. In the case of electrolyzers for the production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolytic splitting of aqueous solutions, the electrode distance, as is known, is kept as small as possible in order to reduce the electrolyte resistance. However, the compacted cell structure could lead to mixing of the gases and thus possibly to dangerous explosions. It is therefore necessary to arrange a diaphragm between the anode and the cathode. Such partitions must, on the one hand, ensure the separation of the gases, but on the other hand must not significantly impede the passage of current. In addition to this, a diaphragm must be mechanically and electrochemically resistant to remain functional for a long time.
Det er allerede kjent forskjellige typer av diafragmer. Allerede for lang tid tilbake ble det foreslått en metallskillevegg av nik-kel. Mens nikkelfoliens øvre parti var ut-ført som en tett plate, var den nedre delen ytterst finperforert. Det uperforerte plate-partiet betinget en betydelig økning i spenningsfallet, idet det bare kunne oppnåes strømflux gjennom perforeringene. De sistnevnte gjorde fremstillingen av diafragmaet både langt vanskeligere og mere kostbar. Foruten disse betydelige mangler viste det seg sprekkdannelse i metallskillevegger, og slik sprekkdannelse kunne bare hindres ved at diafragmaet ble satt sam-men av forholdsvis små deler. Dessuten oppsto det ofte kortslutninger på grunn av defekte metallskillevegger. Different types of diaphragms are already known. Already a long time ago, a metal partition made of nickel was proposed. While the upper part of the nickel foil was designed as a dense plate, the lower part was extremely finely perforated. The unperforated plate part resulted in a significant increase in the voltage drop, as current flux could only be achieved through the perforations. The latter made the manufacture of the diaphragm both far more difficult and more expensive. In addition to these significant defects, cracks appeared in the metal partitions, and such cracks could only be prevented by the diaphragm being assembled from relatively small parts. In addition, short circuits often occurred due to defective metal partitions.
Det kjennes også fra tidligere et me- It is also felt from earlier a me-
tallduks-diafragma for hvilket gassblanding søkes hindret ved at den øvre kant over en bestemt høyde av diafragmaet ve-ves tettere enn for diafragmaet forøvrig. Bortsett fra at slike metallduker har de samme ulemper som de ovenfor nevnte metallskillevegger mangler her spesielle di-mensjoneringsforskrifter for trådens dekning. tallduks diaphragm for which gas mixture is sought to be prevented by the upper edge above a certain height of the diaphragm being woven more tightly than for the rest of the diaphragm. Apart from the fact that such metal cloths have the same disadvantages as the above-mentioned metal partitions, there are no special dimensioning regulations for the thread coverage.
Asfaltdiafragmaet har vist seg vesentlig bedre. Nærværende oppfinnelse vedrø-rer asbestgarndiafragma for elektrolysører, hvis øverste kant er tettere vevet enn midtpartiet over en høyde på 10—15 % av diafragmaets totale utstrekning, idet det nye og karakteristiske er at det øverste diafragmaparti som er beliggende nærmest gassutløpsrommet er minst 100 % dekket av tråder, mens det frie rom mellom renningstrådene i det midterste diafragmaparti svarer omtrent til tråddiameteren og avstanden mellom islett-trådene svarer til The asphalt diaphragm has proved significantly better. The present invention relates to asbestos yarn diaphragms for electrolysers, the top edge of which is more densely woven than the middle part over a height of 10-15% of the diaphragm's total extent, the new and characteristic being that the top part of the diaphragm which is located closest to the gas outlet space is at least 100% covered of threads, while the free space between the warp threads in the middle diaphragm part corresponds approximately to the thread diameter and the distance between the islet threads corresponds to
det 2-3-dobbelte av tråddiameteren. Med en 100 % dekning av tråden er å forstå at 2-3 times the wire diameter. With a 100% coverage of the thread is to understand that
angjeldende diafragmadel ikke er lysgjen-nomtrengbar. the relevant diaphragm part is not light-requiring.
Oppfinnelsens fordel er at det oppnåes en vesentlig besparelse av materialer og omkostninger og at diafragmaet med ut-merket gass-skille-evne har en liten vekt og en meget god strømgjennomgang. Innenfor de angitte dimensjoneringsforskrif-ter kan nemlig motstanden holdes innenfor særlig gunstige grenser. The advantage of the invention is that a significant saving in materials and costs is achieved and that the diaphragm with excellent gas separation ability has a small weight and a very good current flow. Within the stated dimensioning regulations, the resistance can be kept within particularly favorable limits.
I tegningene er det gjengitt utførelses-eksempler på oppfinnelsesgjenstanden i forenklet form. Fig. 1 viser en elektrolysør-celle i snitt, mens fig. 2 og 3 viser detaljer ved diafragmavevet. In the drawings, embodiment examples of the object of the invention are reproduced in a simplified form. Fig. 1 shows an electrolyser cell in section, while fig. 2 and 3 show details of the diaphragm tissue.
I fig. 1 betegner 1 anoden, 2 katoden og 3 det mellomliggende diafragma, hvis øvre parti 3' er praktisk talt ugjennomtrengelig for gass, men på grunn av sin porøsitet vidtgående strømgjennomtrengelig. Det midtre parti består av et løst, gassgjen-nomtrengelig vev, mens det nedre parti 3" med henblikk på mekaniske krav igjen er tettvevet. Elektrodene 1 og 2 er festet i hol-deanordninger 4. Til isolering av celleskil-leveggene 5,6 mot rammen 7 tjener isola-sjonsmellomlegg 8. Gassutløpskamrene 9,9' er forbundet med utløpsåpninger, hvorav dog bare åpningen 10 for hydrogengassen er gjengitt. Da det i volum utvikles dobbelt så meget hydrogen som oxygen, er venstre katoderom av tilsvarende større dimen-sjoner enn høyre anoderom. In fig. 1 denotes 1 the anode, 2 the cathode and 3 the intermediate diaphragm, the upper part 3' of which is practically impermeable to gas, but due to its porosity widely permeable to current. The middle part consists of a loose, gas-permeable fabric, while the lower part 3" for mechanical requirements is again densely woven. Electrodes 1 and 2 are fixed in holding devices 4. For insulating the cell partition walls 5,6 against the frame 7 serves as an insulating spacer 8. The gas outlet chambers 9, 9' are connected by outlet openings, of which, however, only the opening 10 for the hydrogen gas is reproduced. Since twice as much hydrogen is developed in volume as oxygen, the left cathode compartment is of correspondingly larger dimensions than right anode compartment.
Fig. 2 viser det nye diafragma vevtype i prinsippet. Like deler har samme henvis-ningstall som i fig. 1. De såkalte islett-tråder 11 ligger ved siden av hverandre i jevn innbyrdes avstand. De horisontale renningtråder 12 i det øvre parti 3' er derimot langt tettere lagt enn i midtområdet. Som en praktisk retningslinje kan sies at det øvre diafragmaparti må være ugjennomtrengelig for lys, mens partiet nedenfor kan være lysgjennomtrengelig. Den nedre kanten 3" er festet til rammen 7 (fig. 1) og utsatt for de største mekaniske påkjenninger. Derfor er renningstråden tett også her. Hvis tråden dekker 100 % i det øvre arealet, vil diafragmaet der bli praktisk talt gassugjen-nomtrengelig i våt stand. Inngående un-dersøkelser har vist at strømgjennomtren-geligheten bare avtar lite. På grunn av de tette renningtråder er også den mekaniske fasthet stor, slik at brister i vevet kan unn-gåes, som ellers eventuelt kunne oppstå på grunn av de sterke gass- og elektrolytt-strømninger i elektrolysørcellens øvre parti. Det kan oppnåes en upåklagelig gassatskil-lelse hvis stripen 3' har en høyde på ca. 10—15% av hele diafragmaet. I cellens midtre og nederste parti er gassblærene nemlig fortsatt sterkt bundet til elektrolyt-ten, slik at den fryktede gassblanding ikke kan oppstå. I de øvre celleområder dannes det derimot en skummende blanding av Fig. 2 shows the new diaphragm tissue type in principle. Identical parts have the same reference numbers as in fig. 1. The so-called islet threads 11 lie next to each other at an even distance from each other. The horizontal warp threads 12 in the upper part 3', on the other hand, are much more densely laid than in the middle area. As a practical guideline, it can be said that the upper diaphragm part must be impermeable to light, while the part below can be light transparent. The lower edge 3" is attached to the frame 7 (fig. 1) and exposed to the greatest mechanical stresses. Therefore, the warp thread is tight here as well. If the thread covers 100% of the upper area, the diaphragm there will become practically gas-tight in wet condition. In-depth investigations have shown that the current permeability decreases only slightly. Due to the tight warp threads, the mechanical strength is also high, so that breaks in the fabric can be avoided, which could otherwise possibly occur due to the strong gas and electrolyte flows in the upper part of the electrolyser cell. An impeccable gas separation can be achieved if the strip 3' has a height of approximately 10-15% of the entire diaphragm. In the middle and lower part of the cell, the gas bubbles are still strongly bound to electrolyte, so that the dreaded gas mixture cannot occur. In the upper cell areas, on the other hand, a frothy mixture of
elektrolytt og gass eller umiddelbart ren gass, som ved den allerminste trykkforskjell i hydrogen- og oxygenrommet trer gjennom de minste åpninger. Her er faren for gassblanding stor. Den kan imidlertid unn-gåes på ovenfor omtalte måte. Overgan-gen til det løsere vevete parti kan i mot-setning til det som er vist i fig. 2 skje grad-vis. Åpningene i den midtre diafragmaflate kan være det flerdobbelte av tråddiameteren. electrolyte and gas or immediately pure gas, which at the slightest pressure difference in the hydrogen and oxygen space penetrates through the smallest openings. Here the danger of gas mixing is great. However, it can be avoided in the manner mentioned above. The transition to the looser woven part can, in contrast to what is shown in fig. 2 spoons gradually. The openings in the central diaphragm surface can be multiples of the wire diameter.
Til det foreslåtte vev benyttes for-trinnsvis asbestgarn med forsterkninger, spesielt nikkeltrådforsterkning. Da disse tråder er forholdsvis kostbare, vil det være hensiktsmessig bare å forsterke en del av renning- hhv. islett-trådene slik. Det kan selvsagt også benyttes andre forsterknings-midler, f. eks. kunststoffinnlegg m. v. Asbestos yarn with reinforcements, especially nickel wire reinforcement, is preferably used for the proposed fabric. As these threads are relatively expensive, it will only be appropriate to reinforce part of the warp or islett threads like this. Of course, other reinforcements can also be used, e.g. plastic insert etc.
Fig. 3 viser islett-trådene 11 samt renningtrådene 12 i en noe modifisert utfø-relse. I det midtre diafragmaområde er det frie spill mellom islettet lik tråddiameteren og avstanden mellom renningtrådene ca. det tredobbelte av tråddiameteren. De derved fremkommende rektangulære åpninger sikrer strømgjennomgangen. Fig. 3 shows the islet threads 11 and the warp threads 12 in a somewhat modified version. In the central diaphragm area, there is a free play between the islet equal to the thread diameter and the distance between the warp threads approx. three times the wire diameter. The resulting rectangular openings ensure the passage of current.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19772750766 DE2750766A1 (en) | 1977-11-12 | 1977-11-12 | DRAWING MACHINE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO782894L NO782894L (en) | 1979-05-15 |
NO144765B true NO144765B (en) | 1981-07-27 |
NO144765C NO144765C (en) | 1981-11-04 |
Family
ID=6023653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO782894A NO144765C (en) | 1977-11-12 | 1978-08-25 | PULL MACHINE. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0001966B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2750766A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES473042A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1098443B (en) |
NO (1) | NO144765C (en) |
PT (1) | PT68494A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152416A (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1985-08-07 | Fleming Thermodynamics Ltd | Broaching machine tool |
ES2039135B1 (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1994-04-01 | Ekin S Coop Ltda | MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES. |
EP2707165A4 (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2014-10-29 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | APPARATUS FOR MACHINING LONG TUBE STONES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS |
DE102016012907A1 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2018-04-26 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg | Deep hole drilling method and tool for a deep hole drilling machine and deep hole drilling machine |
CN115710086B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-08-23 | 泰安佳成机电科技有限公司 | Glass fiber wire drawing machine based on outer rotor motor spindle |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2896514A (en) * | 1957-01-24 | 1959-07-28 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Control system |
-
1977
- 1977-11-12 DE DE19772750766 patent/DE2750766A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1978
- 1978-08-23 EP EP78100732A patent/EP0001966B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-25 NO NO782894A patent/NO144765C/en unknown
- 1978-08-31 PT PT68494A patent/PT68494A/en unknown
- 1978-09-01 ES ES473042A patent/ES473042A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-01 IT IT27275/78A patent/IT1098443B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2750766A1 (en) | 1979-05-17 |
PT68494A (en) | 1978-09-01 |
EP0001966A1 (en) | 1979-05-30 |
NO782894L (en) | 1979-05-15 |
ES473042A1 (en) | 1979-10-16 |
IT7827275A0 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
NO144765C (en) | 1981-11-04 |
EP0001966B1 (en) | 1981-08-12 |
IT1098443B (en) | 1985-09-07 |
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