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NO139252B - DEVICE FOR A HIGH PRESSURE WASHING AND FLUSHING APPLIANCE WITH A JET - Google Patents

DEVICE FOR A HIGH PRESSURE WASHING AND FLUSHING APPLIANCE WITH A JET Download PDF

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Publication number
NO139252B
NO139252B NO3510/73A NO351073A NO139252B NO 139252 B NO139252 B NO 139252B NO 3510/73 A NO3510/73 A NO 3510/73A NO 351073 A NO351073 A NO 351073A NO 139252 B NO139252 B NO 139252B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
pressure
valve
injector
line
jet nozzle
Prior art date
Application number
NO3510/73A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO139252C (en
Inventor
Olle Heden
Original Assignee
Euroclean Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Euroclean Ab filed Critical Euroclean Ab
Publication of NO139252B publication Critical patent/NO139252B/en
Publication of NO139252C publication Critical patent/NO139252C/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/026Cleaning by making use of hand-held spray guns; Fluid preparations therefor
    • B08B3/028Spray guns
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/26Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device
    • B05B7/28Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid
    • B05B7/30Apparatus in which liquids or other fluent materials from different sources are brought together before entering the discharge device in which one liquid or other fluent material is fed or drawn through an orifice into a stream of a carrying fluid the first liquid or other fluent material being fed by gravity, or sucked into the carrying fluid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/026Cleaning by making use of hand-held spray guns; Fluid preparations therefor
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06FLAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F39/00Details of washing machines not specific to a single type of machines covered by groups D06F9/00 - D06F27/00 
    • D06F39/02Devices for adding soap or other washing agents
    • D06F39/022Devices for adding soap or other washing agents in a liquid state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/01Spray pistols, discharge devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
    • B05B9/0403Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2203/00Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B2203/02Details of machines or methods for cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B2203/0205Bypass pressure relief valves
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2562Dividing and recombining

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en anordning ved et med stråledyse forsynt høytrykks vaske- og spyleapparat med vaskemiddelinjisering gjennom en injektor forbi hvilken det er anordnet en shuntledning med en ventil. The present invention relates to a device for a high-pressure washing and rinsing device equipped with a jet nozzle with detergent injection through an injector past which a shunt line with a valve is arranged.

Kjente apparater av denne art har tilførselen av kjemikaliene, f.eks. vaskemiddelet, skjedd på pumpens sugeside, hvorfor pumpen må fremstilles av et kjemikalieresistent, f .eks. syrefast materiale. Betjeningen av et slikt apparat har vært om-stendelig, da omstilling fra vasking med lavere vanntrykk til spyling med høytrykk må skje ved pumpen som kan befinne seg atskillige meter fra strålerøret og arbeidsplassen. Known devices of this kind have the supply of the chemicals, e.g. detergent, occurred on the pump's suction side, which is why the pump must be made of a chemical-resistant material, e.g. acid-resistant material. The operation of such a device has been cumbersome, as switching from washing with lower water pressure to rinsing with high pressure must be done at the pump, which can be located several meters from the jet pipe and the workplace.

Fra US-patentskrift nr. 2.757.047 er det kjent en distrubusjonsanordning for gjødselvæske som har en shuntledning som er forsynt med en ventil og anordnet omkring en injektor. From US patent no. 2,757,047, a distribution device for fertilizer liquid is known which has a shunt line which is provided with a valve and arranged around an injector.

En nøyaktig dosert tilførsel av kjemikalier, f.eks. vaskemiddel, har bare kunnet skje dersom væskekapasiteten gjennom injiseringsanordningen er omtrent like stor ved spyling ved høyt trykk som ved vasking med lavt trykk. Denne trykkendring oppnås ved at man ved spyling med høytrykk bruker stråledyse med lite areal og ved vasking bruker en stråledyse med stor åpning, samt at væskestrømmen holdes relativt konstant ved at det anvendes en pumpe med konstant deplacement. Det skal bemerkes at injiseringsanordningen er avhengig av en viss trykkendring på nedstrøms-siden for å kunne funksjonere. A precisely metered supply of chemicals, e.g. detergent, has only been possible if the liquid capacity through the injection device is approximately the same when flushing at high pressure as when washing at low pressure. This pressure change is achieved by using a jet nozzle with a small area when washing with high pressure and using a jet nozzle with a large opening when washing, and by keeping the liquid flow relatively constant by using a pump with constant displacement. It should be noted that the injection device is dependent on a certain pressure change on the downstream side in order to function.

Ulempen med det beskrevne og kjente apparat er dels at den totale væskemengden ved vasking er stor, hvorved en del av vaskevæsken renner bort uten å.gjøre nytte, samtidig som kjemi-kalieforbruket blir høyt, dels at den kjente injiseringsanordning ikke uten vanskelighet kan brukes i systemer med flere uttak på samme rørledning og med felles pumpe, og der uttakene skal kunne brukes uavhengig av hverandre. Dessuten må man bruke strålerør med en stråledyse for spyling med høytrykk og en annen stråledyse med større åpning for vasking, hvilket gjør strålerøret tungt og uhåndterlig. The disadvantage of the described and known device is partly that the total amount of liquid during washing is large, whereby a part of the washing liquid flows away without being useful, while at the same time the chemical consumption becomes high, partly that the known injection device cannot be used without difficulty in systems with several outlets on the same pipeline and with a common pump, and where the outlets must be able to be used independently of each other. In addition, you have to use jet pipes with a jet nozzle for high-pressure flushing and another jet nozzle with a larger opening for washing, which makes the jet pipe heavy and unwieldy.

Hensikten med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å fremskaffe et apparat med hjelp av hvilket man kan oppnå den for injisering nødvendige trykksenkning på injiseringsanordningens nedstrøms-side, uavhengig av pumpekapasiteten foran injiseringsanordningen og uten å behøve endre åpningen i stråledysen. Ifølge oppfinnelsen oppnås dette ved at den i shuntledningen forbi injektoren anbragte overstrømningsventil er servostyrt, slik at den ved en trykkstigning i en ledning på injektorens nedstrømsside åpner og ved en trykksenkning stenger shuntledningen, idet trykkvariasjonene i nevnte ledning oppnås ved hjelp av et i nærheten av stråledysen anordnet ventilarrangement. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus with the help of which the pressure reduction required for injection can be achieved on the downstream side of the injection device, regardless of the pump capacity in front of the injection device and without having to change the opening in the jet nozzle. According to the invention, this is achieved by the fact that the overflow valve placed in the shunt line past the injector is servo-controlled, so that it opens in the event of a pressure rise in a line on the downstream side of the injector and closes the shunt line in the event of a pressure drop, the pressure variations in said line being achieved by means of a near the jet nozzle arranged valve arrangement.

Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende beskrives nærmere under henvisning til tegningen som skjematisk viser vaske- og spylé-apparatet ifølge oppfinnelsen. In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing which schematically shows the washing and flushing device according to the invention.

Fig. 1 viser.skjematisk et utførelseseksempel av Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of

apparatet ifølge oppfinnelsen, og the device according to the invention, and

fig. 2 er et riss av en modifisert utførelse av ven-"tilarrangementet som inngår i apparatet. fig. 2 is a diagram of a modified embodiment of the valve arrangement included in the apparatus.

I fig. 1 betegner 1 en høytrykkspumpe som over en ledning 2 er tilsluttet yannledningsnettet. Fra pumpens trykkside løper det ut en ledning 3 til en injektor 4. I injektorens suge-ledning 5 er det anordnet en tilbakeslagsventil 6 som blokerer ledningen når sugekraften oppheves. Sugeledningen 5 munner ut. i en beholder 7 for vaskemiddel eller lignende. En shuntledning 8, 9 er anordnet forbi injektoren 4 og i denne shuntledning er det anbragt en overstrømningsventil som generelt er betegnet med 10. Denne består av en tvangsstyrt tilbakeslagsventil 11 hvis ventil-legeme påvirkes av et fjærpåvirket stempel 12 i en sylinder 13. Til det arbeidskammer i sylinderen som vender bort fra fjæren 14 er det tilsluttet en ledning 15 som med sin motsatte ende er for-bundet med ledningen 9. En utgående ledning fra injektoren er betegnet med 16, til hvilken det er tilsluttet en bøyelig slange 17 og et ventilarrangement 18 som er beliggende i nær tilslutning til et strålerør 20 med stråledyse 23. Ventilarrangementet 8 ut-gjøres i den i fig. 1 viste utførelse av en avstengningsventil 19 og en mellom denne og strålerøret 20 anbragt dreneringsventil 21 ved hjelp av hvilken det kan oppnås en trykksenkning i systemet ved et kortvarig utslipp av væske. Til dreneringsventilens utløps-stuss er det hensiktsmessig tilkoplet en overstrømningsventil 22. som åpner ved et trykk som er noe lavere enn systemtrykket. In fig. 1 denotes 1 a high-pressure pump which is connected to the mains via a line 2. From the pressure side of the pump, a line 3 runs out to an injector 4. In the injector's suction line 5, a non-return valve 6 is arranged which blocks the line when the suction force is lifted. The suction line 5 mouths out. in a container 7 for detergent or the like. A shunt line 8, 9 is arranged past the injector 4 and in this shunt line there is an overflow valve which is generally denoted by 10. This consists of a forcibly controlled non-return valve 11 whose valve body is affected by a spring-actuated piston 12 in a cylinder 13. In addition working chamber in the cylinder facing away from the spring 14, there is connected a line 15 which is connected with its opposite end to the line 9. An outgoing line from the injector is denoted by 16, to which is connected a flexible hose 17 and a valve arrangement 18 which is located in close connection to a jet pipe 20 with jet nozzle 23. The valve arrangement 8 is made in the one in fig. 1 showed the design of a shut-off valve 19 and a drainage valve 21 placed between this and the jet pipe 20, with the help of which a pressure drop in the system can be achieved by a short-term discharge of liquid. An overflow valve 22 is conveniently connected to the drainage valve's outlet connection, which opens at a pressure somewhat lower than the system pressure.

Apparatet ifølge oppfinnelsen funksjonerer på følg-ende måte: Pumpen 1 leverer vann under høytrykk, f.eks..50 ato, og en strøm på 12 liter pr. minutt til injektoren 4., som - når ventilen 19 er åpen og dreneringsventilen 21 stengt- og hvor ledningen 5 suger en dosert mengde kjemikalier for beholderen 7 og blander disse med det gjennomstrømmende vannet. Overstrømnings-ventilen 10 er stengt, slik at vannmengden må passere gjennom injektoren. På grunn av strupingen i injektordysen,.er det i led-ningene 16, 17 og strålerøret 20 et lavere trykk enn oppstrøms injektoren 4.. The device according to the invention functions in the following way: Pump 1 delivers water under high pressure, e.g. 50 ato, and a flow of 12 liters per minute to the injector 4., which - when the valve 19 is open and the drain valve 21 closed - and where the line 5 sucks a dosed amount of chemicals for the container 7 and mixes these with the flowing water. The overflow valve 10 is closed, so that the amount of water must pass through the injector. Due to the throttling in the injector nozzle, there is a lower pressure in the lines 16, 17 and the jet tube 20 than the upstream injector 4.

Dersom man skal kople om til høyere trykk og spyling skal skje uten vaskemiddel, stenges ventilen 19 momentant, slik at det oppnås en trykkstigning i systemet, idet stemplet 12 If you are to switch to a higher pressure and flushing is to take place without detergent, the valve 19 is closed momentarily, so that a pressure rise is achieved in the system, as the piston 12

løftes mot virkningen av fjæren 14 og ventilen 11 åpnes. Vannet fra pumpen kan således strømme gjennom shuntledningen 8,9 under samme høye trykk til strålerøret 20. På grunn av stråledysens 2 3 relativt lille gjennomstrømningsåpning, holdes et så høyt trykk i system at ventilen 11 forblir åpen. is lifted against the action of the spring 14 and the valve 11 is opened. The water from the pump can thus flow through the shunt line 8,9 under the same high pressure to the jet pipe 20. Due to the relatively small flow opening of the jet nozzle 2 3, such a high pressure is maintained in the system that the valve 11 remains open.

Dersom det ønskes vaskemiddeltilførsel når.høytrykks-. spylingen er helt avstengt, dimensjoneres injektordysens minste tverrsnittsareal noe mindre enn stråledysens 2 3 gjennomstrømnings-areal. If detergent supply is desired when high-pressure. the flushing is completely shut off, the injector nozzle's smallest cross-sectional area is dimensioned somewhat smaller than the jet nozzle's 2 3 flow-through area.

For å starte<y>askemiddellinjIseringen på hytt åpnes dreningsventilen 21 kortvarig og spylevannet.tillates å passere gjennom denne ventil som byr på betydelig lavere strømningsmot-stand enn strålingsdysen 23. Derved synker trykket i overstrøm-ningsventilens sylinder 13 og ventilen 11 stenges, og vannet fra høytrykkspumpen .1 må igjen passere utelukkende gjennom injektoren 4. To start the ash agent injection in the cabin, the drain valve 21 is opened briefly and the flushing water is allowed to pass through this valve, which offers significantly lower flow resistance than the radiation nozzle 23. Thereby the pressure in the overflow valve's cylinder 13 drops and the valve 11 is closed, and the water from the high-pressure pump .1 must again pass exclusively through the injector 4.

Det forekommer under arbeidets gang at vaskemiddel-tilsetningen må avbrytes av og til, uten mellomliggende høytrykks-spyling. For etter hvert avbrudd å unnå innkobling av høytrykks-spylingen er det til dreneringsventilen 21 tilkoblet en overstrøm-ningsventil 22 som er innstilt på en verdi som ligger under trykket oppstrøms injektoren 4, men over det trykk som råder på nedstrøms-siden av injektoren ved injisering, d.v.s. ved vaskemiddeltil-setningen. Under denne arbeidsfase holdes således dreneringsventilen åpen. It happens during the course of the work that the detergent addition has to be interrupted from time to time, without intervening high-pressure flushing. In order to avoid switching on the high-pressure flushing after each interruption, an overflow valve 22 is connected to the drain valve 21 and is set to a value that is below the pressure upstream of the injector 4, but above the pressure that prevails on the downstream side of the injector during injection , i.e. by the detergent addition. During this work phase, the drain valve is thus kept open.

I fig. 2 vises en modifisert utførelse av ventilarrangementet 18. Arrangementet består i denne utførelse av en eneste treveisventil som manuelt kan omstilles for å bygge opp trykket i ledningen 17, for, som vist i figuren, å tillate høytrykksspyling samt for veksling til vasking ved lavt trykk og med vaskemiddel. In fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment of the valve arrangement 18. In this embodiment, the arrangement consists of a single three-way valve which can be manually adjusted to build up the pressure in the line 17, to allow, as shown in the figure, high-pressure flushing as well as to switch to washing at low pressure and with detergent.

Denne ventiltype gir den fordelen sammenlignet med det i fig. 1 viste ventilarrangement at hver omstilling kan ut-føres med et eneste håndgrep. This type of valve offers that advantage compared to the one in fig. 1 valve arrangement showed that each adjustment can be carried out with a single handle.

Claims (4)

1. Anordning ved et med stråledyse forsynt høytrykks vaske- og spyleapparat med vaskemiddelinjisering gjennom en injektor, forbi hvilken der er anordnet en shuntledning (8,9) med en ventil (10),karakterisert vedat den i shuntledningen (8,9), forbi injektoren (4) anbragte overstrøm-ningsventil (10) er servostyrt slik at den ved en trykkstigning i en ledning (16,17) på injektorens nedstrømsside åpner og ved en trykksenkning stenger shuntledningen, idet trykkvariasjonene i nevnte ledning oppnås ved hjelp av et i nærheten av stråledysen (23) anordnet ventilarrangement (18).1. Device for a high-pressure washing and rinsing device equipped with a jet nozzle with detergent injection through a injector, past which there is arranged a shunt line (8,9) with a valve (10), characterized in that the overflow valve (10) placed in the shunt line (8,9), past the injector (4) is servo-controlled so that it a pressure rise in a line (16,17) on the downstream side of the injector opens and a pressure drop closes the shunt line, as the pressure variations in said line is achieved by means of a valve arrangement (18) arranged near the jet nozzle (23). 2. Anordning ifølge krav 1,karakterisertved at ventilarrangementet (18) omfatter en første avstengningsventil (19) ved hjelp av hvilken trykkstigning i nevnte ledning oppnås, samt en dreneringsventil (21) som ligger inntil avstengningsventilen og innrettet til ved et kortvarig væskeut-slipp å frembringe en trykksenkning.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve arrangement (18) comprises a first shut-off valve (19) with the help of which a pressure increase in said line is achieved, as well as a drainage valve (21) which is located next to the shut-off valve and arranged to, in the event of a short-term liquid release, produce a pressure drop. 3. Anordning ifølge krav 1 og 2,karakterisert vedat der til ventilarrangementet (18) resp. til dreneringsventilen (21) er tilkoblet en overstrømningsventil (22) som er anordnet for å åpne ved et trykk som er noe lavere enn trykket oppstrøms injektoren (4) og som er høyere enn det trykk nedstrøms injektoren som hersker ved injisering.3. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the valve arrangement (18) or to the drain valve (21) is connected an overflow valve (22) which is arranged to open at a pressure which is somewhat lower than the pressure upstream of the injector (4) and which is higher than the pressure downstream of the injector which prevails during injection. 4. Anordning ifølge krav 1,karakterisertved at injektorens (4) minste tverrsnittsareal er mindre enn stråledysens (23) gjennomstrømningsareal.4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the smallest cross-sectional area of the injector (4) is smaller than the flow area of the jet nozzle (23).
NO3510/73A 1972-09-08 1973-09-07 DEVICE FOR A HIGH PRESSURE WASHING AND FLUSHING APPLIANCE WITH A JET NO139252C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE11574/72A SE366485B (en) 1972-09-08 1972-09-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO139252B true NO139252B (en) 1978-10-23
NO139252C NO139252C (en) 1979-01-31

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ID=20294210

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO3510/73A NO139252C (en) 1972-09-08 1973-09-07 DEVICE FOR A HIGH PRESSURE WASHING AND FLUSHING APPLIANCE WITH A JET

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3829024A (en)
JP (1) JPS5717596B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2344444C3 (en)
DK (1) DK134807B (en)
FI (1) FI51662C (en)
GB (1) GB1386924A (en)
IT (1) IT994199B (en)
NO (1) NO139252C (en)
SE (1) SE366485B (en)

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US2757047A (en) * 1953-04-18 1956-07-31 Friedmann Giovanni Plant for the distribution of fertilizing liquor
US3181797A (en) * 1963-04-03 1965-05-04 Hayes Spray Gun Company Mixing apparatus having plural eductors
US3447753A (en) * 1967-01-27 1969-06-03 Jet X Corp Spray washer with detergent feed
US3613997A (en) * 1970-05-18 1971-10-19 L & A Products Inc Acid aspirator system
US3680786A (en) * 1971-06-28 1972-08-01 Chemtrust Ind Corp Mobile cleaning apparatus
JPS4833664U (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-04-23

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2344444B2 (en) 1980-07-24
DK134807C (en) 1977-06-13
IT994199B (en) 1975-10-20
FI51662B (en) 1976-11-30
FI51662C (en) 1977-03-10
SE366485B (en) 1974-04-29
GB1386924A (en) 1975-03-12
DE2344444C3 (en) 1981-04-30
JPS5717596B2 (en) 1982-04-12
US3829024A (en) 1974-08-13
DK134807B (en) 1977-01-24
JPS4968557A (en) 1974-07-03
NO139252C (en) 1979-01-31
DE2344444A1 (en) 1974-03-14

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