NO139229B - Sammensatte isolasjonsplater. - Google Patents
Sammensatte isolasjonsplater. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO139229B NO139229B NO4326/72A NO432672A NO139229B NO 139229 B NO139229 B NO 139229B NO 4326/72 A NO4326/72 A NO 4326/72A NO 432672 A NO432672 A NO 432672A NO 139229 B NO139229 B NO 139229B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- diesel
- acid
- carbon atoms
- acids
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004653 carbonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 oleic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoic acid 3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC(O)=O)CC1 HNNQYHFROJDYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Description
. Prioritet fra 26. februar 1960 ( Sverige)..-
Oppfinnelsen vedrører et brensel ■ for dieselmotorer med nedsatt tendens til un-
der forbrenning å danne røk.
For at et dieselbrensel skal godtas som salgbar vare må det oppfylle visse krav som angis i spesifikasjoner. Vanligvis byr det ikke på vanskeligheter ved mineraloljeraf-finering å fremstille hydrokarbonfraksjo-
ner som passer som dieselbrensel hvis dette bare skal oppfylle de vanligste krav (flam-mepunkt, cetantall og laveste flytetempe-ratur).
■ I den senere tid har- imidlertid opp-merksomheten etterhvert blitt rettet mot'
en spesiell egenskap ved dieselbrensel, nemlig dets tendens til under forbrenning å danne røk. I byer og tettbebygde strøk er det ønskelig at busser og lastekjøretøyer avgir sine motorers forbrenningsgasser un-
der så liten røkdannelse som mulig. Selv i gruver foreligger det ønske at truckkjøre-tøyer avgir sine motorers frobrenningsgas-
ser uten alt for kraftig luftforurensende røkutvikling.
Prinsipielt er man klar over at et dieselbrensel som er sammensatt av lett flyktige hydrokarboner, generelt gir mindre røkholdige forbrenningsgasser enn et av relativt tungt flyktige hydrokarboner sammensatt brensel, under forøvrig like forhold. Det er utført forsøk med dels en kom-mersiell motorbrenselolje sammensatt av hydrokarboner med kokepunkter fra 180
til 360° C, og dels en hydrokarbonfraksjon med kokepunktintervallet 150^280° C som har bekreftet dette forhold;
Det har imidlertid vist seg at den smørende evne hos et forøvrig meget godt dieselbrensel som er sammensatt, av hydror karboner med så lave kokepunkter at det ved.forbrenning gir. en godtagbar nedsatt mengde røk i avgassene, ikke er tilstrekkeT lig stor til å hindre en kraftig nedslitning av de i dieselmotorens pumper inngående maskinelementer. Denne ulempe ved brens-, lene har hittil vært en uoverkommelig hin-dring for en mere generell utbredning og en mere generell anvendelse av slike lettflyktige dieselbrensler.
Det kan i' denne sammenheng nevnes
at man har gjort forsøk på å blande .et re-' lativt lettflyktig brensel med smøreolje, men det viste seg ikke tross tilsetninger opp til 5 % mulig å oppnå noen forbedring av brenselets smøringsevne, og tilsetningen førte til kraftig sotholdige avgasser ved forbrenningen.
Det har nu ifølge oppfinnelsen blitt funnet at det er mulig i høy grad å forbedre den smørende evne ved en hydrokarbonfraksjon som er egnet som «røkfritt» dieselbrensel, ved å blande , denne med en rettkjedet mettet alifatisk karbonsyre med 12—18 karbonatomer i en mengde på minst 0,02 og høyest 0,10 vektprosent.
Som «røkfritt» brensel velges i henhold
til oppfinnelsen hensiktsmessig en hydrokarbonfraksjon som består av hydrokarboner, hvorav i det minste den største del koker under ca. 300° C eller som ved destil-lasjon har et så kalt 90-prosentpunkt un-
der 290° C. Ikke altfor store avvikelser fra disse verdier kan imidlertid forekomme.
Det er vanligvis mest hensiktsmessig å tilsette tilsetningsstoffer i en mengde på minst 0,05 %. Over ca. 0,10 % oppnås ikke noen vesentlig effektøkning av tilsetnings-midlet.
Det tyske patent nr. 673139 vedrører riktignok et dieselbrensel, som kan dannes av en hydrokarbonblanding med relativt høy flyktighet, (kokeområde 167—290° C) og som er blandet med et smøringsforbe-drende middel. Som sådan angis oljeopp-løselige organiske syrer med høy molekylvekt, f. eks. fettsyrer, inneholdende minst 8—10 karbonatomer. Innholdet av tilset-ningsmidlet skal imidlertid ligge i området 0,1—5,0 %.
I forhold til det som angis i dette patent, vedrører foreliggende oppfinnelse anvendelsen av en utvalgt gruppe av syrer, med høy molekylvekt, nemlig slike som har en mettet rettkjedet karbonkjede, og har 12—18 karbonatomer. I følge det ovennevn-te patent, likestilles såvel mettede som umettede fettsyrer og også nafthensyrer og det eneste eksempel på anvendbare fettsyrer er oljesyre. Denne syre er prøvet under utviklingen av foreliggende oppfinnelse, men er funnet å være helt uegnet idet den som tilsetningsmiddel gir såvel util-strekkelig forbedring av dieseloljens smør-ende egenskaper i lave konsentrasjoner som grunn til korrosjon. Dieselbrenselet i henhold til opnfinnelsen må ha et relativt lavt stivnepunkt, fordi det skal kunne tåle lavere temperaturer (under koldt vær) uten at det utfelles faste stoffer som vil kunne tette igjen ledninger og munnstyk-ker.
Det er nu helt overraskende funnet at de angitte mettede fettsyrer gir en god smøringsforbedrende effekt i innhold som ligger under 0,1 %, hvorved dieselbrense-lets stivningspunkt ikke blir for høyt, sam-tidig som de ikke har noen korrosiv virkning og/eller undergår polymerisasjon i dieseloljeoppløsningen.
U.S. patent nr. 2 397 771 vedrører et dieselbrensel, som er blandet med 0,01— 0,50 % av et tilsetningsstoff som er utvun-net fra dieselolje ved raffinering av denne og utgjøres av såkaldte nafthensyrer. Disse stoffer gir avgjort dårligere smøringsfor-bedrende effekt ved en innholdsmengde som kan tolereres fra det synspunkt at brenselet skal ha lavt stivnepunkt. Naften-syre omfattes forøvrig ikke av foreliggende oppfinnelse.
Ifølge dansk patent nr. 84 938 angis det som kjent å blande dieselbrensel med lau-
rinsyre, palmitinsyre og stearinsyre. For at den tilsiktede virkning skal oppnås kreves en tilsetning på 2—10 volumprosent av et tilsetningsstoff som inneholder 5—10 % av noen av de angitte fettsyrer. Dette betyr at den laveste tilsetningsmengde av fett-syren ligger ved ca. 0,1 %, dvs. den grense, over hvilken man ikke oppnår noen vesentlig økning av effekten ifølge oppfinnelsen. Også her gjelder at de mettede fettsyrer likestilles med umettede fettsyrer som oljesyre og linolsyre, hvilke senere gir grunn til korrosjon og kan polylmerisere til harpik-ser som faller ut i brenselet. Ifølge dette danske patent angis ikke den andre forut-setning for foreliggende oppfinnelse, nemlig anvendelsen av en hydrokarbonblanding som er relativt lettflyktig.
Den i henhold til oppfinnelsen opp-nådde effekt er således spesifik for rettkjedete mettede alifatiske karbonsyrer som inneholder 12—18 karbonatomer i kjeden. Andre mettede karbonsyrer med samme karbonatomtall, f. eks. nafthensyrer, gir ikke den angjeldende effekt, og umettede karbonsyrer, f. eks. oljesyre, kan gi direkte skadelige effekter, som motvirker den etterstrebede effekt, f. eks. korrosjonsef f ek-ter og harpiksdannelse ved kondensasjon og/eller polymerisasjon.
Sett mot denne bakgrunn er det åpen-bart at innholdet av umettede karbonsyrer bør holdes så lavt som mulig. Hvis slike karbonsyrer overhode tillates å være til stede i dieselbrenselet, kan man ikke tole-rere mer enn meget små eller ubetydelige mengder.
Vedrørende mettede rettkjedete hydro-karbon-karbonsyrer er det viktig å kon-statere at valget av hydrokarbonkarbon-syren er kritisk, idet en tilsetning av syrer med et antall karbonatomer utenfor de angitte grenser kan gi grunn til ikke ønskede bieffekter, eksempelvis korrosjon på me-talldeler som er i berøring hermed.
Brenslet ifølge oppfinnelsen viste meget gode egenskaper fra korrosjonssyns-punktet, idet hverken ledninger eller bren-seltanker viste noen tendens til å korrode-res når de er i kontakt med disse.
Som eksempel på hensiktsmessige tilsetningsstoffer ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det nevnes laurinsyre, palmitinsyre og stearinsyre.
Tanken ifølge oppfinnelsen, at som smøreforbedrende tilsetning til et dieselbrensel å anvende de angitte karbonsyrer kan likeledes tilpasses til et dieselbrensel med ekstremt lave uklarhetspunkter, under — 40° C, fortrinnsvis under — 50° C (på grunn av lavt parafininnhold). Slike brensler har på grunn av sin relativt høye flyktighet foruten lav røkdannelse god evne til å motstå lave temperaturer f. eks. under strenge vinterforhold.
Det har vist seg at de anvendte syrer passer utmerket som tilsetningsstoffer selv for slikt brensel. Hvis man regner med at det kan forekomme temperaturer nedad til — 50° C er imidlertid stearinsyre mindre hensiktsmessig da man for å oppnå en virksom konsentrasjon av denne måtte tilsette en så stor mengde at oppløselighets-grensen kan komme til å overskrides ved de lave temperaturer.
Da det er spørsmål om dieselbrensel med ekstremt lave uklarhetspunkter, har det imidlertid vist seg at hydrokarbonkar-bonsyrer med et snevrere intervall på 12— 14 karbonatomer kan innblandes i brens-lene i effektive konsentrasjoner uten at man kommer til å ligge for nær oppløse-lighetskurven ved lave temperaturer. Med laurinsyre (12 karbonatomer) er det mulig å oppnå et effektivt smørende «røkfritt» brensel inneholdende 0,05 % syre, med et uklarhetspunkt under — 50° C, uten risiko for grumsing ved utfelling enten det er av parafiner eller syre.
Oppfinnelsen er således fordelaktig idet den muliggjør fremstillingen av dieselbrensel med gode forbrenningsegenskaper og som virker utmerket selv ved lave temperaturer.
For å vise det fremskritt som oppnås med oppfinnelsen ble det ved destillering av arabisk råolje uttatt to fraksjoner hvorav den ene (I) besto av hydrokarboner med kokepunktet mellom 180 og 360° C og den andre (II) besto av hydrokarboner med kokepunkter mellom 150 og 280° C. Begge fraksjoner oppfylte gjeldende spesifikasjoner for dieselbrensler.
I forsøk i en og samme motor viste brensel (I) en avgjort kraftigere røkutvik-ling enn brensel (II), hvilket senere ble ansett å tilfredsstille de krav som burde stilles til et dieselbrensel fra det synspunkt at det skal forbrennes under lav eller liten røkutvikling. Brenslet (II) viste seg imidlertid å gi grunn til en nedslitning av den brenselpumpen som var tilknyttet diesel-motoren og som var så kraftig at pumpen måtte tas ut av drift meget hurtig. Brenslet (II) ble derfor blandet med forskjellige tilsetninger ifølge følgende: a. 2 volumprosent smøreolje av typen
SAE 30 (Ila)
b. 0,03 %stearinsyre (Hb) c. 0,05 % stearinsyre (lic) d. 0,05% laurinsyre (Ild).
Brenslet (Ila) ga ved undersøkelse i en dieselmotor grunn til meget kraftig nedslitning av pumpedetaljer i dieselpumpen (som var av fabrikat Bosch, CAV og av in-jektortypen).
Brenslet (Ilb) gav ved undersøkelse i samme dieselmotor en desidert forbedring med hensyn til nedsatt slitasje i brenselpumpen og uklarhetspunktet lå under — 50° C.
Brenslet (He) ga ved forsøk i diesel-motoren ikke grunn til noen som helst an-merkning, fra slitasjesynspunkt, men der-imot var uklarhetspunktet for høyt for at brenslet skulle kunne anvendes ved ekstremt lave temperaturer (under — 40° C).
Brenslet (Ild) ga ved forsøk i diesel-motoren heller ikke anledning til noen an-merkning med hensyn til slitasje og brenslet viste dessuten et meget lavt uklarhetspunkt under — 50° C. Dette brensel har således både gode egenskaper fra røkdan-nelsessynspunkt og kan også anvendes under vanskelige vinterforhold uten risiko for at brenselpumpen skal ødelegges eller bren-selmunnstykkene eller filtrene skal tiltet-tes av utfelt parafinvoks eller tilsetningsmiddel.
Det er tidligere riktignok foreslått å anvende stearinsyre som smøringsforbe-drende tilsetning, men da har det vært snakk om å tilsette stearinsyren til smøre-oljer. Av dette kan man imidlertid ikke dra den slutning at syren skulle egne seg som tilsetning til dieselbrensler og enda mindre som tilsetning til dieselbrensler som ved forbrenning danner avgasser med lavt røkinnhold.
Brenslet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan ytterligere tilsettes i og for seg kjente cetantallforbedrende stoffer.
Claims (4)
1. Dieselmotorbrensel med et slikt innhold av lettflyktige komponenter innen bensinens og/eller kerosenets kokeområde at dets tendens til under forbrenning å danne røk er vesentlig nedsatt, karakterisert ved at det som smøreforbe-drende tilsetning inneholder en rettkjedet mettet alifatisk karbonsyre med 12—18 karbonatomer i en mengde på 0,02—0,10 vektsprosent.
2. Brensel ifølge påstand 1, beregnet for ekstremt lave temperaturer, karakterisert ved at den mettede alifatiske karbonsyre inneholder 12—14 karbonatomer.
3. Brensel ifølge påstandene 1 og 2, karakterisert ved at det inneholder laurinsyre. ■ ,; '
4. Brensel ifølge påstandene 1—3, karakterisert ved at det ytterligere inneholder et cetantallforbedrende stoff åv i og for seg kjent art/■ :
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FR7142221A FR2161442A5 (no) | 1971-11-25 | 1971-11-25 | |
FR7226130A FR2193520A6 (no) | 1971-11-25 | 1972-07-20 |
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NO432672A NO139229C (no) | 1971-11-25 | 1972-11-24 | Sammensatte isolasjonsplater. |
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AR (2) | AR196883A1 (no) |
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AU (1) | AU465799B2 (no) |
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NL (1) | NL7215946A (no) |
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SE (2) | SE390041B (no) |
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EP0018328A3 (fr) * | 1979-04-19 | 1980-11-26 | Procima S.A. | Elément de construction préfabriqué |
GB2121451B (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1986-01-02 | Sound Engineering Limited | Sound insulating structures |
AT376264B (de) * | 1983-03-08 | 1984-10-25 | Greiner Kg | Bauelement zur raumschallisolierung |
IT8324086V0 (it) * | 1983-12-30 | 1983-12-30 | Morteo Soprefin Spa | Pannello a "sandwich"pre-assemblato, per copertura o rivestimento, con anima in materiale fibroso inorganico e con parete esterna grecata, atta a creare dei canali sulla superficie dell'anima medesima. |
EP0179938B1 (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1991-01-16 | Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Reinforced laminate |
FR2657045B1 (fr) * | 1990-01-17 | 1992-06-12 | Matfor | Panneau composite notamment pour cloison mobile de batiment, et son procede de fabrication. |
JPH0620618U (ja) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-18 | 東邦亜鉛株式会社 | 防音構造 |
GB2280206B (en) * | 1993-05-01 | 1996-10-16 | John Harold George Ellison | Improvements in or relating to acoustic enclosures |
KR970702786A (ko) * | 1995-03-13 | 1997-06-10 | 고사이 아끼오 | 흡음부품(sound absorbing component) |
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KR20080082210A (ko) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-11 | 김진숙 | 충격음 저감용 방음패널 |
US8590272B2 (en) | 2010-06-07 | 2013-11-26 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Acoustical sound proofing materials and methods of making the same |
AU2012304262B2 (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2019-09-12 | Ninderry Developments Pty Ltd | An insulated wall panel system with cable support |
EP2761072B1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-08-31 | Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, LLC | Method of forming a web from fibrous materails |
GB201219511D0 (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2012-12-12 | Liverpool The | Composite material |
JP2015117550A (ja) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | 株式会社奥村組 | 内装材 |
CN104405074A (zh) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-03-11 | 郭玉林 | 节能抗震建筑板材及其施工方法 |
US9909310B2 (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2018-03-06 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Mineral fiber based ceiling tile |
FI131278B1 (fi) * | 2016-02-02 | 2025-01-24 | Framery Oy | Seinärakenne |
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- 1972-09-22 US US29119072 patent/US3822764A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1972-11-23 IT IT3200372A patent/IT971144B/it active
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- 1972-11-24 CH CH1712272A patent/CH572138A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-24 DK DK589572A patent/DK137767B/da not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2264976B2 (de) | 1979-08-09 |
JPS5752461B2 (no) | 1982-11-08 |
DK137767B (da) | 1978-05-01 |
AU465799B2 (en) | 1975-10-09 |
US3822764A (en) | 1974-07-09 |
SE390041B (sv) | 1976-11-29 |
FI55072B (fi) | 1979-01-31 |
DE2264976C3 (de) | 1980-04-10 |
BE791905A (fr) | 1973-05-24 |
AR206598A1 (es) | 1976-08-06 |
FR2193520A6 (no) | 1974-02-15 |
NL7215946A (no) | 1973-05-29 |
AR196883A1 (es) | 1974-02-28 |
LU66554A1 (no) | 1973-06-08 |
SE7604971L (sv) | 1976-04-29 |
GB1417133A (en) | 1975-12-10 |
DE2264976A1 (de) | 1975-11-27 |
AT323963B (de) | 1975-08-11 |
CA967886A (en) | 1975-05-20 |
FR2161442A5 (no) | 1973-07-06 |
JPS4860416A (no) | 1973-08-24 |
NO139229C (no) | 1984-02-07 |
CH572138A5 (no) | 1976-01-30 |
DE2257745A1 (de) | 1973-05-30 |
FI55072C (fi) | 1979-05-10 |
AU4904472A (en) | 1974-05-23 |
IN138897B (no) | 1976-04-10 |
IT971144B (it) | 1974-04-30 |
DK137767C (no) | 1979-09-10 |
SE412614B (sv) | 1980-03-10 |
DE2257745B2 (de) | 1977-06-16 |
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