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NO133038B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO133038B
NO133038B NO1527/72A NO152772A NO133038B NO 133038 B NO133038 B NO 133038B NO 1527/72 A NO1527/72 A NO 1527/72A NO 152772 A NO152772 A NO 152772A NO 133038 B NO133038 B NO 133038B
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
weight
poly
mixture
lubricating
hydrogenated
Prior art date
Application number
NO1527/72A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO133038C (en
Inventor
G Souillard
F F P Van Quaethoven
Original Assignee
Labofina Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Labofina Sa filed Critical Labofina Sa
Publication of NO133038B publication Critical patent/NO133038B/no
Publication of NO133038C publication Critical patent/NO133038C/no

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    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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    • C10L1/16Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1625Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/1633Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en smoreoljekomposisjon The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition

som anvendes i blanding med et brennstoff og til å smore bevege- which is used in a mixture with a fuel and to lubricate moving

lige deler i 2-taktsmotorer. equal parts in 2-stroke engines.

I de siste år har utvikling og tekniske fremskritt innen alle typer forbrenningsmotorer, og spesielt innen området 2-taktsmotorer, ledet til motorer med flere HK. Idag fremstilles utenbordsmotorer med en kraft hoyere enn 50 HK opp til 100 HK. En annen side ved denne utvikling er fremstilling av små, luftkjolte motorer, ikke bare for motorsykler, men også for kjedesager, sne-scootere eller snowmobiler osv. Et trekk ved disse motorer er den hoye rotasjonshastighet, hvilken forer til at disse er varme- In recent years, development and technical progress in all types of internal combustion engines, and especially in the area of 2-stroke engines, have led to engines with more HP. Today, outboard motors with a power higher than 50 HP up to 100 HP are manufactured. Another side of this development is the production of small, air-cooled engines, not only for motorcycles, but also for chainsaws, snow scooters or snowmobiles, etc. A feature of these engines is the high rotation speed, which leads to these being heat-

re enn deres forgjengere. re than their predecessors.

Det er ganske klart at denne utvikling har fort til en It is quite clear that this development has speed to one

okning i kravene til smoremidlet for 2-taktsmotorer. increase in the requirements for the lubricant for 2-stroke engines.

Smoremidlet må danne en stabil og oljeaktig film, ikke The lubricant must form a stable and oily film, no

bare ved lave temperaturer for å gjore starten lettere for moto- only at low temperatures to make the start easier for the moto-

ren under kolde forhold, men også ved de nu vanlige hoye drifts-temperaturer for å avverge stempelfusking, ringsporplugging og lakkdannelse, dannelse av avleiringer, osv. som leder til en drastisk nedsettelse av kraftuttaket og som kan bevirke dyre skader. clean under cold conditions, but also at the now usual high operating temperatures to prevent piston tampering, ring groove plugging and varnish formation, formation of deposits, etc. which lead to a drastic reduction in power output and which can cause expensive damage.

Ennvidere må ekshaustgassene som resulterer fra forbren-ningen av brennstoffet sammen med en del av smoremidlet være rene og ha minimum av den lukt som var karakteristisk for alle 2-takts-mot orer. Furthermore, the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of the fuel together with part of the lubricant must be clean and have a minimum of the smell that was characteristic of all 2-stroke engines.

Andre krav, nærmere bestemt innen det okonomiske område, slik som en reduksjon av forholdet olje - brennstoff og en minsk-, ning av mengden av de vanlige additiver, er tilknyttet de oven- Other requirements, specifically within the economic area, such as a reduction of the ratio of oil - fuel and a reduction of the quantity of the usual additives, are linked to the above

for angitte kriterier. for specified criteria.

Smorende materialer for 2-taktsmotorer har allerede vært foreslått for å oppfylle det ene eller annet av disse forhold. Et trekk ved enkelte av disse materialer er bruk av olefinpolymerer, nærmere bestemt polyisobutylen (som er lettere tilgjengelig og billigere) som additiv for mineral- eller syntetisk olje eller grunnolje. Polyisobutylen tilsettes vanligvis til grunnoljen i en mengde som ikke overskrider 20 volum%, og hvor denne polymer har en midlere molekylvekt vanligvis innen området lO.OOO - 15.000. Der har også vært foreslått å tilsette til grunnoljen polyisobutylen i form av en additiv blanding omfattende en hoveddel kalsium-petroleumsulfonat og en mindre del polyisobutylen, idet denne additive blanding anvendes i en mengde tilsvarende ca. 1-5 volum% basert på det totale materiale. Lubricating materials for 2-stroke engines have already been proposed to fulfill one or other of these conditions. A feature of some of these materials is the use of olefin polymers, more specifically polyisobutylene (which is more readily available and cheaper) as an additive for mineral or synthetic oil or base oil. Polyisobutylene is usually added to the base oil in an amount that does not exceed 20% by volume, and where this polymer has an average molecular weight usually within the range of 10,000 - 15,000. It has also been proposed to add polyisobutylene to the base oil in the form of an additive mixture comprising a major part of calcium petroleum sulphonate and a smaller part of polyisobutylene, this additive mixture being used in an amount corresponding to approx. 1-5% by volume based on the total material.

Disse materialer har allerede bragt tekniske forbedringer sammenlignet med de tidligere kjente og anvendte smoremidler, men de har fremdeles enkelte ulemper, nemlig med hensyn til ter-.miske egenskaper og ugjennomskinnelighet av ekshaustgassene. These materials have already brought technical improvements compared to the previously known and used lubricants, but they still have some disadvantages, namely with regard to thermal properties and opacity of the exhaust gases.

For å unngå disse ulemper er der allerede beskrevet smorende materialer omfattende en hoveddel polyisobutylen, dvs. materialer hvor denne polymer er blandet med en smorende olje i en mengde minst lik mengden av denne olje. Slike materialer ga gode resultater, og ytterligere forsøksarbeide er blitt utfort.for å ytterligere heve kvaliteten på disse produkter og forbedre deres yteevne, nærmere bestemt med hensyn til deres oppforsel under hbyt mekaniske og termiske påkjenninger under forlengede drifts-perioder. To avoid these disadvantages, lubricating materials have already been described comprising a major part of polyisobutylene, i.e. materials where this polymer is mixed with a lubricating oil in an amount at least equal to the amount of this oil. Such materials gave good results, and further experimental work has been carried out to further raise the quality of these products and improve their performance, more specifically with regard to their performance under high mechanical and thermal stresses during extended periods of operation.

Fra britisk patentskrift 1.162.172 er der således kjent et smoremiddel for blant annet 2-taktsmotorer omfattende 5-80 vekt% av en mineralolje, 5 - 70 vekt% polybutylen med molekylvekt opp til lOOO, og 1 .- 30 vekt% smoremiddeladditiver. From British patent document 1,162,172 there is thus known a lubricant for, among other things, 2-stroke engines comprising 5-80% by weight of a mineral oil, 5-70% by weight of polybutylene with a molecular weight of up to 1000, and 1.-30% by weight of lubricant additives.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en smoreoljekomposisjon for 2-taktsforbrenningsmotorer, omfattende en mineralsmoreolje og en blanding av hydrogenert eller ikke-hydrogenert polyisobutylen og/eller polybutylen, og vanlige additiver for 2-taktsmotorer, hvilken komposisjon er kjennetegnet ved at blandingen omfatter 15 - 80 vekt% hydrogenert eller ikke-hydrogenert polybutylen eller polyisobutylen med en midlere molekylvekt på 250 - 2000, og 0,5 - IO vekt% av et triglycerid av en umettet alifatisk carboxylsyre med 18 carbonatomer. The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for 2-stroke internal combustion engines, comprising a mineral lubricating oil and a mixture of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polyisobutylene and/or polybutylene, and common additives for 2-stroke engines, which composition is characterized in that the mixture comprises 15 - 80% by weight hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polybutylene or polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of 250 - 2000, and 0.5 - 10% by weight of a triglyceride of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid with 18 carbon atoms.

Polybutylenet eller polyisobutylenet som kan være mettet, og deres blandinger vil herefter kalles Poly-C4 for lett-hets skyld. The polybutylene or polyisobutylene which may be saturated, and their mixtures will hereafter be called Poly-C4 for convenience.

Disse polymerer fremstilles fra fraksjoner inneholdende hydrocarboner med 4 carbonatomer, idet hovedbestanddelene er monoolefiner i blanding med mettede hydrocarboner. Disse fraksjoner som er frie for diolefiniske og acetyleniske hydrocarboner polymeriseres som oftest i nærvær av en Friedel-Crafts kata-lysator, og i mange tilfeller inneholder polymerene polybutylen og polyisobutylen i varierende mengder. Vanligvis inneholder disse polymerer ca. 5 - 70 % polyisobutylen og 95 - 30 % polybu-tener. De derved erholdte polymerer inneholder en ikke-mettet endegruppe som kan være mettet. These polymers are produced from fractions containing hydrocarbons with 4 carbon atoms, the main components being monoolefins in a mixture with saturated hydrocarbons. These fractions which are free of diolefinic and acetylenic hydrocarbons are most often polymerized in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, and in many cases the polymers contain polybutylene and polyisobutylene in varying amounts. Usually these polymers contain approx. 5 - 70% polyisobutylene and 95 - 30% polybutenes. The polymers thus obtained contain an unsaturated end group which may be saturated.

Sammenlignende tester er blitt utfort med smorende materialer xfolge denne oppfinnelse og inneholdende henholdsvis polymerer som ovenfor angitt, polymerer inneholdende hovedsakelig polybutylen og polymerer bestående hovedsakelig av polyisobutylen. Resultatene har vist at disse smorende materialer er stort sett like med hensyn til yteevne. Comparative tests have been carried out with lubricating materials according to this invention and containing respectively polymers as indicated above, polymers containing mainly polybutylene and polymers consisting mainly of polyisobutylene. The results have shown that these lubricating materials are largely similar in terms of performance.

Disse Poly-C^ har ingen Conradson carbonrest, og de spaltes ved hoye temperaturer og efterlater ingen faste avleiringer som er kjent for å være ansvarlige for en nedsettelse, av mo-torens yteevne, og som bevirker dyre skader. These Poly-C^ have no Conradson carbon residue, and they decompose at high temperatures and leave no solid deposits which are known to be responsible for a reduction in engine performance and cause expensive damage.

Termiske stabilitetstester er blitt utfort med et utall Poly-C^, og resultatene har vist at Poly-C^ med en midlere mole-• kylvekt mellom 250 og 2000 er mer stabile enn Poly-C^ med en hoyere molekylvekt. Som et resultat av den siste utvikling innen 2-taktsmotorer er smoremidlets oppforsel ved hoye temperaturer en meget viktig faktor. Av denne grunn inneholder smoremidlene ifolge denne oppfinnelse Poly-C^ med en midlere molekylvekt vanligvis lavere enn 1000, og som fortrinnsvis er mellom 250 og 750. Thermal stability tests have been carried out with numerous Poly-C^, and the results have shown that Poly-C^ with an average molecular weight between 250 and 2000 are more stable than Poly-C^ with a higher molecular weight. As a result of the latest developments in 2-stroke engines, the behavior of the lubricant at high temperatures is a very important factor. For this reason, the lubricants according to this invention contain Poly-C^ with an average molecular weight usually lower than 1000, and which is preferably between 250 and 750.

Enkelte viskositetsstabilitetstester på Poly-C4 med molekylvekt lavere enn 2000 har vist at ikke-hydrogenert Poly-C^ ville være mer stabil enn hydrogenert Poly-C^. Ganske motsatt har andre undersøkelser ikke vist noen forskjell mellom disse forskjellige typer polymerer. Disse noe inkonsekvente resultater viser at laboratorietester ikke alltid er egnede for å vurdere smoremidler som skal arbeide under strenge mekaniske og termidce betingelser og at veiprbver er de eneste tester hvorfra der kan trekkes konklusjoner. Disse tester har vist at hydrogenerte og ikke-hydrogenerte Poly-C^ har praktisk talt ekvivalent yteevne med hensyn til viskositetsstabilitet. Some viscosity stability tests on Poly-C4 with a molecular weight lower than 2000 have shown that non-hydrogenated Poly-C^ would be more stable than hydrogenated Poly-C^. Quite the opposite, other investigations have shown no difference between these different types of polymers. These somewhat inconsistent results show that laboratory tests are not always suitable for evaluating lubricants that must work under strict mechanical and thermal conditions and that road tests are the only tests from which conclusions can be drawn. These tests have shown that hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated Poly-C^ have practically equivalent performance in terms of viscosity stability.

Mengden Poly-C^ i det smorende materiale kan varieres innen relativt store områder fra 15 -til 80 vekt% av smbremiddel-blandingen som danner hoveddelen i materialet. Slitasjetester utfort med materialer inneholdende varierende mengder Poly-C4 har vist at materialer med minst 15 % Poly-C4 har bedre anti-slitasjekarakteristikker enn tilsvarende med Poly-C4~frie materialer. Denne forbedring oker når mengden polymer bkes, og er meget viktig når denne mengde ligger mellom 25 og 75 vekt%. Ennvidere har en bemerkelsesverdig reduksjon av ugjennomsiktlighet og "brent olje" lukt i ekshaustgassene resultert fra bruk av smorende materialer inneholdende minst 25 % Poly-C4, og fortrinnsvi s inneholdende Poly-C4 i en mengde på minst 30 %. Generelt sett kan en Poly-C4 med lav molekylvekt anvendes i mengder opp til 80 vekt%, og Poly-C4 med hoyere molekylvekt fra ca. lOOO til 2000 fortrinnsvis anvendes i lavere mengder, nærmere bestemt mellom 15 og 40 %. The amount of Poly-C^ in the lubricating material can be varied within relatively large ranges from 15 to 80% by weight of the lubricant mixture which forms the main part of the material. Wear tests carried out with materials containing varying amounts of Poly-C4 have shown that materials with at least 15% Poly-C4 have better anti-wear characteristics than corresponding materials with Poly-C4 ~ free. This improvement increases when the amount of polymer is increased, and is very important when this amount is between 25 and 75% by weight. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction of opacity and "burnt oil" odor in the exhaust gases has resulted from the use of lubricating materials containing at least 25% Poly-C4, and preferably containing Poly-C4 in an amount of at least 30%. Generally speaking, a Poly-C4 with a low molecular weight can be used in amounts up to 80% by weight, and Poly-C4 with a higher molecular weight from approx. lOOO to 2000 are preferably used in lower amounts, more specifically between 15 and 40%.

Motortester er blitt utfort med smorende materialer inneholdende Poly-C4 og triglycerider av umettede fettsyrer, med vanlige additiver for 2-taktsmotorer. Disse tester har vist at disse materialer ikke forer til vesentlige avsetninger, men at kulelagrene ble klebrige. Der ble funnet at denne ulempe kunne unngåes ved tilsetning av en smorende olje til disse materialer. Med denne tilsetning av olje ble der dannet en oljeaktig og stabil smorende film på de bevegelige deler av motoren, nærmere be-stent på kulelagrene, som resulterte i en forbedret og varigere beskyttelse av motoren. Engine tests have been carried out with lubricating materials containing Poly-C4 and triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, with common additives for 2-stroke engines. These tests have shown that these materials do not lead to significant deposits, but that the ball bearings became sticky. It was found that this disadvantage could be avoided by adding a lubricating oil to these materials. With this addition of oil, an oily and stable lubricating film was formed on the moving parts of the engine, particularly on the ball bearings, which resulted in an improved and longer-lasting protection of the engine.

Den tilsatte mengde smorende olje er minst 10 % av vekten av den smorende blanding som danner hoveddelen av materialet. Denne olje kan være en mineral- eller organisk, syntetisk olje av estertypen, f.eks. en adipin, azelain, sebasinsyreester av en alifatisk alkohol med 8 - 20 carbonatomer, slik som 2-ethylhexan-ol, decanol, dodecanol, octadecanol. Blandinger av mineral- og syntetiske oljer kan også anvendes. Tester er blitt utfort med materialer inneholdende slike blandinger av oljer, og de har ikke The added quantity of lubricating oil is at least 10% of the weight of the lubricating mixture which forms the main part of the material. This oil can be a mineral or organic synthetic oil of the ester type, e.g. an adipic, azelain, sebacic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol of 8 - 20 carbon atoms, such as 2-ethylhexan-ol, decanol, dodecanol, octadecanol. Mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils can also be used. Tests have been carried out with materials containing such mixtures of oils, and they have not

fort til forbedring av yteevnen quickly to improve performance

som kan rettferdiggjore den ytterligere kostnad som. er resultat av bruk av slike syntetiske oljer. which may justify the additional cost which. is the result of using such synthetic oils.

Materialer inneholdende Poly-C^ og en smorende olje gir allerede forbedringer sammenlignet med vanlige kjente smoremidler. For å oke oljefilmens stabilitet, nærmere bestemt for de varmere nye 2-taktsmotorer, er det imidlertid fordelaktig å innarbeide i disse materialer triglycerider fra umettede alifatiske carboxylsyrer inneholdende 18 carbonatomer, nærmere bestemt glyceryltrioleat og glyceryltrilinoleat. Forbedringen er allerede bemerkelsesverdig når mengden av triglycerid er 0,5 vekt%. Mengder så hoye som 10% kan anvendes, men vanligvis vil mengden av triglyceridet variere mellom 0,5 og 8% av vekten av en smorende blanding i materialet. Materials containing Poly-C^ and a lubricating oil already provide improvements compared to conventional known lubricants. In order to increase the stability of the oil film, more specifically for the hotter new 2-stroke engines, it is however advantageous to incorporate into these materials triglycerides from unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids containing 18 carbon atoms, more specifically glyceryl trioleate and glyceryl trilinoleate. The improvement is already remarkable when the amount of triglyceride is 0.5% by weight. Amounts as high as 10% can be used, but usually the amount of the triglyceride will vary between 0.5 and 8% of the weight of a lubricating mixture in the material.

Et materiale ifolge oppfinnelsen og inneholdende 1 vekt% triglycerid ble testet på en motor med hoy hastighet i 100 timer. Etter denne test ble det observert at stemplene var dekket med en oljeaktig film og hadde et "fettaktig" utseende. I motsetning til dette var stemplene med tilsvarende materialer uten triglycerider ganske torre. A material according to the invention and containing 1% by weight of triglyceride was tested on an engine at high speed for 100 hours. After this test, it was observed that the pistons were covered with an oily film and had a "greasy" appearance. In contrast, the pistons with corresponding materials without triglycerides were quite dry.

Den forbedrede termiske og mekaniske stabilitet til oljefilmen er resultatet av en. synergistisk effekt som erholdes når Poly-C^ anvendes i kombinasjon med et triglycerid som tidligere angitt. Det synes som om dette triglycerid forbedrer fukteevnen og spredeevnen til Poly-C)+. The improved thermal and mechanical stability of the oil film is the result of a. synergistic effect obtained when Poly-C^ is used in combination with a triglyceride as previously indicated. It appears that this triglyceride improves the wettability and spreadability of Poly-C)+.

Denne synergistiske effekt erholdes når Poly-C^ anvendes i en •mengde av mellom 15 og 80% av den smorende blanding i materialet og når triglyceridet tilsettes i en mengde som varierer mellom 0,5 og 10 vekt%. Nærmere bestemt er vektforholdet mellom triglyceridet og polymeren innen området 1 : 10 - 1 : 30 og fortrinnsvis innen området 1 : 20 - 1 : 30. This synergistic effect is obtained when Poly-C^ is used in an amount of between 15 and 80% of the lubricating mixture in the material and when the triglyceride is added in an amount varying between 0.5 and 10% by weight. More specifically, the weight ratio between the triglyceride and the polymer is within the range 1 : 10 - 1 : 30 and preferably within the range 1 : 20 - 1 : 30.

Den samtidige bruk av de tre bestanddeler i de smorende materialer ifolge denne oppfinnelse er nodvendig når disse materialer må oppfylle de strenge krav til nye små motorer med hoy hastighet eller til de nye utenbordsmotorer med flere HK. Den mekaniske og termiske stabilitet til materialene reduseres drastisk når en.av de tre bestanddeler ikke anvendes eller erstattes med "en tilsvarende bestanddel - med egenskaper som ikke tilfredsstiller de ovenfor.angitte spesifika-sjoner. Eksempelvis vil bruk av Poly-C^ med en molekylvekt hoyere enn 2000 fore til dannelse av lakker' på enkelte bevegelige deler i The simultaneous use of the three components in the lubricating materials according to this invention is necessary when these materials must meet the strict requirements for new small engines with high speed or for the new outboard engines with several HP. The mechanical and thermal stability of the materials is drastically reduced when one of the three components is not used or is replaced with a corresponding component - with properties that do not satisfy the above-mentioned specifications. For example, the use of Poly-C^ with a molecular weight higher than 2000 lead to the formation of varnish' on some moving parts i

motoren. the engine.

Materialene ifolge oppfinnelsen inneholder også 3 - 10 vekt% The materials according to the invention also contain 3 - 10% by weight

av de vanlige additiver for 2-taktsmotorér. Disse additiver er f. eks. rensemidler, nærmere bestemt jordalkalipetroleumsulfonater, eller askenedsettende midler, eller blyrensende midler, nemlig halogenerte alkyl og alkylarylhydrocarboner og deres blandinger. of the usual additives for 2-stroke engines. These additives are e.g. cleaning agents, more specifically alkaline earth petroleum sulphonates, or ash reducing agents, or lead cleaning agents, namely halogenated alkyl and alkylaryl hydrocarbons and their mixtures.

Materialene ifolge oppfinnelsen er loselige i brennstoffer The materials according to the invention are soluble in fuels

for 2-taktsmotorer og losningene er lagringsstabilé. I mange tilfeller kan de på forhånd fortynnes med hydrocarboner av kerosentypen for å lette håndtering' og blanding, spesielt ved lave temperaturer.' Eksempelvis kan losninger inneholdende 20 vekt% løsningsmiddel og 80 vekt% materialer ifolge oppfinnelsen lett håndteres'selv ved temperaturer så lave som -^-0°C. for 2-stroke engines and the solutions are storage stable. In many cases they can be pre-diluted with kerosene-type hydrocarbons to facilitate handling and mixing, especially at low temperatures. For example, solutions containing 20% by weight of solvent and 80% by weight of materials according to the invention can be easily handled even at temperatures as low as -^-0°C.

De etterfølgende eksempler illustrerer ytterligere oppfinnelsen. The following examples further illustrate the invention.

I disse eksempler er alle prosenter angitt på vektbasis. In these examples, all percentages are given on a weight basis.

Eksempel 1 Example 1

Et smorende materiale ble fremstilt fra: A lubricating material was prepared from:

96% av en smorende blanding omfattende 96% of a comprehensive lubricating mixture

30$ Poly-C^ 300 (300 = midlere molekylvekt) 30$ Poly-C^ 300 (300 = average molecular weight)

1% glyceryltrioleat 1% glyceryl trioleate

69% mineralolje (75SSU ved 38°C) (losningsmiddelraffinert kystolje) 69% mineral oil (75SSU at 38°C) (solvent-refined coastal oil)

, h% vanlig additiver for 2-taktsmotorer, nemlig 1% > blyrensemiddel og 3$ kalsiumpetroleumsulfonat. , h% common additives for 2-stroke engines, namely 1% > lead cleaner and 3$ calcium petroleum sulphonate.

Dette smorende materiale hadde en viskositet på lh centistoke ved 99°C. Veltester ble utfort med en motorsykkel YAMAHA TR 2B (sylinderkapasitet : 350 cm^, kraft: 5^ HK DIN ved 9.500 omdr.pr.min., hvor det ovenfor angitte materiale forelå i blanding 'med brennstoffet. This lubricating material had a viscosity of lh centistoke at 99°C. Well tests were carried out with a motorcycle YAMAHA TR 2B (cylinder capacity: 350 cm^, power: 5^ HP DIN at 9,500 rpm), where the above-mentioned material was present in a mixture with the fuel.

For å vurdere yteevnen til dette smorende materiale, ble testen utfort på en distanse på 150 km ved hoy hastighet, slik at motoren ble kjjrt ved harde driftsbetingelser. In order to assess the performance of this lubricating material, the test was carried out over a distance of 150 km at high speed, so that the engine was driven under harsh operating conditions.

Etter denne v.eitest ble motoren .undersokt og slitasjen på de kromforede aluminiumsylindere -ble vurdert. Bestemmelsene ble utfort ved h forskjellige nivå på hver sylinder og, for hver sylinder ble to karakterer gitt; den forste for slitasje i en retning og den andre for slitasje i perpendikulær retning. Slitasjen er gitt i 1/1000 mm. After this test, the engine was examined and the wear on the chrome-lined aluminum cylinders was assessed. The determinations were carried out at h different levels on each cylinder and, for each cylinder, two marks were given; the first for wear in one direction and the second for wear in a perpendicular direction. The wear is given in 1/1000 mm.

eller en midlere slitasje på 13 (i 1/1000 mm). or an average wear of 13 (in 1/1000 mm).

Eksempler 2- 7 Examples 2-7

Materialer som beåcrevet i eksempel 1 ble fremstilt fra smorende blandinger inneholdende varierende mengder Poly-C^, glyceryl-trioleater og mineralolje, idet disse mengder er gitt i den etter-følgende tabell sammen med den midlere slitasje.. Materials as required in example 1 were prepared from lubricating mixtures containing varying amounts of Poly-C^, glyceryl trioleate and mineral oil, these amounts being given in the following table together with the average wear.

Disse eksempler viser klart forbedringen ved bruk av glyceryl-• trioleat, nærmere bestemt i en mengde tilsvarende minst 1 vekt% av den smorende blanding. Denne forbedring oker når mengden av denne bestanddel oker opp til ca. 8 vekt%. These examples clearly show the improvement with the use of glyceryl trioleate, more specifically in an amount corresponding to at least 1% by weight of the lubricating mixture. This improvement increases when the amount of this component increases up to approx. 8% by weight.

Eksempel 8 Example 8

Materialet ifolge eksempel 1 ble fremstilt men,ved bruk av en smorende blanding inneholdende 20% Poly-C^ 300 og 10% octodecyladipat. The material according to example 1 was produced, however, using a lubricating mixture containing 20% Poly-C 300 and 10% octodecyl adipate.

Slitasjen på sylinderen var: The wear on the cylinder was:

Eksempel 9 Example 9

Materialet ifolge eksempel 1 ble fremstilt men ved bruk av ikke-hydrogenert polyisobutylen med en midlere molekylvekt på 320. The material according to example 1 was produced but using non-hydrogenated polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of 320.

Den midlere slitasje på sylindrene var 18 ( i 1/1000 mm). The average wear on the cylinders was 18 (in 1/1000 mm).

Eksempel 10 Example 10

Et smorende materiale ble fremstilt fra: A lubricating material was prepared from:

9h% av en smorende blanding omfattende 9h% of a lubricating mixture comprising

30% hydrogenert Poly-C^ 600 30% hydrogenated Poly-C^ 600

1%- glyceryltrioleat 1% glyceryl trioleate

69% losningsmiddelraffinert kystolje (75 SSU ved 38°C) 69% solvent-refined coastal oil (75 SSU at 38°C)

6% additiver, nemlig 3% kalsiumpetroleumsulfonat, 1% blyrensemiddel og 2% askereduserendé middel. 6% additives, namely 3% calcium petroleum sulphonate, 1% lead cleaner and 2% ash reducer.

Veite ster ble utfort med en YAMAHA TR 2B i lopet av 170 km, under kalde betingelser, idet den omgivende temperatur var ca. -5°C. The test was carried out with a YAMAHA TR 2B in the course of 170 km, under cold conditions, as the ambient temperature was approx. -5°C.

Resultater av denne test var: The results of this test were:

midlere slitasje på sylindrene: 5 (i 1/1000 mm) average wear on the cylinders: 5 (in 1/1000 mm)

stempler: fullstendig rene, ingen slitasje pistons: completely clean, no wear

nedre del av motoren: perfekt smurt og ingen uvanlig slark Ved sammenligning ble tilsvarende tester utfort med smorende materialer inneholdende de samme mengder av de ovenfor angitte additiver med 9'-+% smorende blanding. Sammenlignende blanding A: lower part of the engine: perfectly lubricated and no unusual slack By comparison, similar tests were carried out with lubricating materials containing the same quantities of the above-mentioned additives with 9'-+% lubricating mixture. Comparative mixture A:

99% o losningsmiddelraffinert kystolje 99% o solvent-refined coastal oil

1% glyceryltrioleat 1% glyceryl trioleate

Etter 72 km, var motoren oppbrent. After 72 km, the engine was burnt out.

Sammenlignende blanding B: 93% av samme olje Comparative mixture B: 93% of the same oil

1% glyceryltrioleat 1% glyceryl trioleate

6% Poly-C^ 520 6% Poly-C^ 520

Brune lakkbelegg på stemplene. Midlere slitasje på sylindrene etter 92 km: 100 (1 1/1000 mm). Brown lacquer coating on the stamps. Average cylinder wear after 92 km: 100 (1 1/1000 mm).

Sammenlignende blanding C: 83% av samme olje Comparative mixture C: 83% of the same oil

17% Poly-C^ 520 17% Poly-C^ 520

Stemplene var torre. Midlere slitasje på sylindrene etter The stamps were dry. Moderate wear on the cylinders after

120 km: 95 ( i 1/1000 mm). 120 km: 95 (in 1/1000 mm).

Sammenlignende blanding D: 69% > av samme olje Comparative mixture D: 69% > of the same oil

1% glyceryltrioleat 1% glyceryl trioleate

3, 0% Poly-C^ 2600 3.0% Poly-C^ 2600

Brunt lakkbelegg på stemplene. Midlere slitasje på sylindrene: 150 (i 1/1000 mm). Brown lacquer coating on the stamps. Average wear on the cylinders: 150 (in 1/1000 mm).

Viktige avsetninger (test i lopet av 120 km). Important deposits (test in the course of 120 km).

Resultatene som ble erholdt ved . spesielt strenge veitester og ikke ved enkle statiske tester viser klart de fordeler som oppnåes ved bruk av materialene ifolge denne oppfinnelse, nærmere bestemt med hensyn til smoremidlers effektivitet under strenge mekaniske og termiske påkjenninger. The results obtained at . particularly strict road tests and not simple static tests clearly show the advantages achieved by using the materials according to this invention, more specifically with regard to the effectiveness of lubricants under severe mechanical and thermal stresses.

Eksempel 11 Example 11

Et smorende materiale ble fremstilt fra: A lubricating material was prepared from:

98$ av en smorende blanding inneholdende 98$ of a lubricating mixture containing

h0% Poly-C^ 320 h0% Poly-C^ 320

1% glyceryltrilinoleat 1% glyceryl trilinoleate

59% > losningsmiddelraffinert kystolje 59% > solvent-refined coastal oil

2% vanlige additiver, nemlig 1% kalsiumpetroleumsulfonat og 1% blyrensemiddel. 2% common additives, namely 1% calcium petroleum sulphonate and 1% lead cleaner.

Dette materiale ble anvendt i blanding med blyholdig bensin, This material was used in a mixture with leaded petrol,

det volumetriske forhold smoremiddel - bensin var 5 : 100. En Mercury utenbordsmotor (6 sylindre: 95 HK) ble anvendt for denne the volumetric ratio lubricant - gasoline was 5 : 100. A Mercury outboard engine (6 cylinders: 95 HP) was used for this

test, i vann ved en temperatur som ble holdt lavere enn 20°C. test, in water at a temperature that was kept lower than 20°C.

Etter denne test (100 timer i varighet), ble det observert at stemplene var belagt, med et svakt gult lakkbelegg på et område tilsvarende ca. 20% av arealet av stempelskjortet, det gjenværende område var rent. After this test (100 hours in duration), it was observed that the pistons were coated, with a faint yellow coating on an area corresponding to approx. 20% of the area of the stamp shirt, the remaining area was clean.

Med hensyn til ringeklebing, var den midlere karakter 9 With regard to ring adhesion, the average grade was 9

(en fri ring ble gitt 10 punkter, en treg ring 9 punkter og fast-'klebede ringer ble vurdert til 7 punkter for opp til Li-5° klebing). (a free ring was given 10 points, a slow ring 9 points and fixed-'glued rings were rated 7 points for up to Li-5° adhesion).

I motsetning til disse resultater, ble det med et smoremiddel som var egnet for 35 - ^0 HK utendoranotorer observert at ca. 75% av stempelarealet var dekket med et morkebrunt lakklag og den midlere karakter var bare 7. In contrast to these results, with a lubricant suitable for 35 - ^0 HP outboard rotors it was observed that approx. 75% of the stamp area was covered with a dark brown lacquer layer and the average grade was only 7.

Denne sammenlignende test viser klart at utviklingen innen området 2-taktsmotorer har fort til en okning i kravene til smoremidlene. This comparative test clearly shows that developments in the area of 2-stroke engines have led to an increase in the requirements for lubricants.

Ytterligere tester har blitt utfort for å fastslå oljefilm-stabiliteten til materialene ifolge denne oppfinnelsen. For dette formål ble en '+9 crn^ motorsykkel drevet med en blanding av bensin og smoremiddel, inneholdende 6% smoremiddel. Motoren ble startet opp på denne blanJij.ig og -:tter 1 time, ble blandingen erstattet med ren bensin, og tiden det tok for motoren tapte 50% av dens kraft på grunn av stempelslitasje ble observert. Additional tests have been conducted to determine the oil film stability of the materials of this invention. For this purpose, a '+9 crn^ motorcycle was run with a mixture of petrol and lubricant, containing 6% lubricant. The engine was started on this blanJij.ig and -:tter 1 hour, the mixture was replaced with pure gasoline, and the time taken for the engine to lose 50% of its power due to piston wear was observed.

Resultatene var som folger: The results were as follows:

Materiale ifolge eksempel 1: testen ble stoppet etter 2 timer, motoren hadde bare tapt 25% > av dens kraft. Material according to example 1: the test was stopped after 2 hours, the motor had only lost 25% > of its power.

Sammenlignende materiale A: 5®% > krafttap etter 180 minutter Comparative material A: 5®% > strength loss after 180 minutes

Sammenlignende materiale B: 5®% krafttap etter 100 minutter Comparative material B: 5®% strength loss after 100 minutes

Sammenlignende materiale C: 50% krafttap etter 120 minutter Comparative material C: 50% strength loss after 120 minutes

Sammenlignende materiale D: 5®% > krafttap etter 110 minutter Comparative material D: 5®% > strength loss after 110 minutes

På den annen side ga 2-taktsmotorer som ble arevet med materialer ifolge oppfinnelsen renere ekshaustgasser med mindre lukt. Sammen- On the other hand, 2-stroke engines that were overhauled with materials according to the invention produced cleaner exhaust gases with less odor. Together-

lignende tester ble utfort med bensin inneholdende h% smorende materi- similar tests were carried out with petrol containing h% lubricating material

aler. Ekshaustgassene ble oppsamlet i et kjent Hartridge "rbkmeter", ale. The exhaust gases were collected in a well-known Hartridge "rbkmeter",

som arbeider etter det prinsipp at en lysstråle partielt formorkes av rok sirkulerende gjennom et ror. Hartridge-skalaen kalibreres fra 0 - 100, de lavere tall angir mindre ugjennomtrengelige gasser. which works on the principle that a beam of light is partially obscured by turbulence circulating through a rudder. The Hartridge scale is calibrated from 0 - 100, the lower numbers indicating less impermeable gases.

Testene ble utfort på en 250 cm^ motor. The tests were carried out on a 250 cm^ engine.

Resultatene var som folger:The results were as follows:

Materiale ifolge eksempel 1 : Hartridge avlesning = 29 Material according to example 1: Hartridge reading = 29

Materiale ifolge eksempel 2 : Hartridge avlesning - 30 Material according to example 2: Hartridge reading - 30

Sammenlignende materiale A : Hartridge avlesning = 99 Comparative material A: Hartridge reading = 99

Sammenlignende materiale B : Hartridge avlesning = hy Comparative material B : Hartridge reading = hy

Sammenlignende materiale C. : Hartridge avlesning = 37 Comparative material C. : Hartridge reading = 37

Sammenlignende materiale D .: Hartridge avlesning = 3° Comparative material D.: Hartridge reading = 3°

Claims (5)

1. Smoreoljekomposisjon for 2-taktsforbrenningsmotorer, omfattende en mineralsmoreolje og en blanding av hydrogenert eller ikke-hydrogenert polyisobutylen og/eller polybutylen, og vanlige additiver for 2-taktsmotorer, karakterisert ved at blandingen omfatter 15 - 80 vekt% hydrogenert eller ikke-hydrogenert polybutylen eller polyisobutylen med en midlere molekylvekt på 250 - 2000, og 0,5 - IO vekt% av et triglycerid av en umettet alifatisk carboxylsyre med 18 carbonatomer.1. Lubricating oil composition for 2-stroke internal combustion engines, comprising a mineral lubricating oil and a mixture of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polyisobutylene and/or polybutylene, and common additives for 2-stroke engines, characterized in that the mixture comprises 15 - 80% by weight of hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated polybutylene or polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of 250 - 2000, and 0.5 - 10% by weight of a triglyceride of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid with 18 carbon atoms. 2. Smoremiddel ifolge krav 1, karakterisert ved at polymeren har en molekylvekt innen området 250 - lOOO.2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer has a molecular weight within the range 250 - 1000. 3. Smoremiddel ifolge krav 1, karakterisert ved at mengden polymer i blandingen er mellom 25 og 75 vekt%.3. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of polymer in the mixture is between 25 and 75% by weight. 4. Smoremiddel ifolge krav 1, karakterisert ved at vektforholdet mellom triglycerid og polymer er fra 1:10 til 1:30.4. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio between triglyceride and polymer is from 1:10 to 1:30. 5. Smoremiddel ifolge krav 1, karakterisert ved at triglyceridet er glyceryltrioleat eller glyceryltrilinoleat.5. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the triglyceride is glyceryl trioleate or glyceryl trilinoleate.
NO1527/72A 1972-04-04 1972-05-02 NO133038C (en)

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CA (1) CA1002031A (en)
CH (1) CH538535A (en)
ES (1) ES403112A1 (en)
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CA1056408A (en) * 1974-07-17 1979-06-12 Marcel Prillieux Hydrogenated olefine oligomers
JPS585233B2 (en) * 1974-07-23 1983-01-29 日石三菱株式会社 Jiyunkatsuyuso Saibutsu
US6074995A (en) * 1992-06-02 2000-06-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Triglycerides as friction modifiers in engine oil for improved fuel economy
TW253907B (en) * 1992-07-09 1995-08-11 Lubrizol Corp
GB9221846D0 (en) * 1992-10-17 1992-12-02 Castrol Ltd Lubricants
US5321172A (en) * 1993-02-26 1994-06-14 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Lubricating composition for two-cycle internal combustion engines
GB9317323D0 (en) * 1993-08-20 1993-10-06 Bp Chem Int Ltd Two-stroke engine oils
ATE291611T1 (en) * 1994-06-24 2005-04-15 Crompton Corp LUBRICANT OIL WITH EFFECT DEPENDENT ON LUBRICATION CONDITIONS
JP3025612B2 (en) * 1994-06-29 2000-03-27 株式会社ジャパンエナジー Lubricating oil composition for two-stroke engine
JP2023049434A (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-04-10 出光興産株式会社 lubricant base oil

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US3004837A (en) * 1956-08-09 1961-10-17 Lawrence E Riemenschneider Fuel for two-cycle internal combustion engines

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AU5332473A (en) 1974-09-19
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FR2178838B1 (en) 1976-08-06
JPS5134953B2 (en) 1976-09-29
IT955839B (en) 1973-09-29
GB1340804A (en) 1973-12-19
CH538535A (en) 1973-06-30
CA1002031A (en) 1976-12-21
AT322081B (en) 1975-05-12
NL7208105A (en) 1973-10-08
AU462983B2 (en) 1975-07-10
JPS493065A (en) 1974-01-11
NO133038C (en) 1976-02-25
BE781636A (en) 1972-07-31
SE379780B (en) 1975-10-20
NL156182B (en) 1978-03-15

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