NO125667B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO125667B NO125667B NO0684/69A NO68469A NO125667B NO 125667 B NO125667 B NO 125667B NO 0684/69 A NO0684/69 A NO 0684/69A NO 68469 A NO68469 A NO 68469A NO 125667 B NO125667 B NO 125667B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- syringe
- instrument
- liquid
- metal
- radioactive isotope
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001005 tuberculin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
- B63B39/02—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses
- B63B39/03—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses by transferring liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/08—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
- G05D1/0875—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted to water vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Description
Instrument for injeksjon av flytende radioaktivt isotop'. Instrument for injection of liquid radioactive isotope'.
En viktig form for behandling av An important form of treatment of
maligne svulster er strålebehandling. Som strålekilde benyttes vanligvis externe strålekilder i form av røntgenapparater even-tuelt radium- eller koboltkanoner. I disse tilfeller vil det normale vev omkring tumor utsettes for en større eller mindre stråle-mengde, som en på forskjellig vis har søkt å begrense. malignant tumors are radiotherapy. The radiation source is usually external radiation sources in the form of X-ray devices or possibly radium or cobalt guns. In these cases, the normal tissue around the tumor will be exposed to a greater or lesser amount of radiation, which has been tried to be limited in various ways.
Ved å innføre strålekilden i selve svulsten, som ved implantasjon av radium eller kunstig radioaktive isotoper, vil en i langt høyere grad oppnå å skåne det omliggende normale vev. Ved begge former for strålebehandling er forutsetningen for et godt resultat at stråledosen er tilstrekkelig høy og at den er mest mulig jevnt fordelt i svulsten. Når det gjelder implantasjon av faste strålekilder, som radium eller radioaktivt kobolt, er det utarbeidet skjemaer for strålefordelingen ved bestemte avstander mellom strålekildene. I den senere tid har radioaktive, kunstige isotoper i væs-keform fått en økende anvendelse og av disse isotoper er radioaktivt gull og yttrium mest benyttet. For å oppnå en mest mulig jevn fordeling av isotopene i stikkanalene har teknikken hittil bestått i å injicere en bestemt mengde væske når injeksjonsnålen har vært ført et bestemt stykke fremover i stikkanalen og gjenta injeksjonen i bestemte avstander. Den mengde isotop, som skal fordeles i de forskjellige stikkanaler, trekkes samlet opp i sprøyten, som derved i alminnelighet vil inneholde store stråle-doser. For å beskytte operatøren mot strå-lene har sprøyten vært dekket med et større eller mindre blylag. Hele teknikken er tungvindt og tidsrøvende. En god me-tode bør tilfredsstille følgende fordringer: 1. Den bør være enkel og tillate en homo- By introducing the radiation source into the tumor itself, as with the implantation of radium or artificially radioactive isotopes, one will achieve a far greater degree of sparing of the surrounding normal tissue. With both forms of radiotherapy, the prerequisite for a good result is that the radiation dose is sufficiently high and that it is as evenly distributed as possible in the tumour. When it comes to the implantation of fixed radiation sources, such as radium or radioactive cobalt, schemes have been drawn up for the radiation distribution at specific distances between the radiation sources. In recent times, radioactive, artificial isotopes in liquid form have been increasingly used, and of these isotopes, radioactive gold and yttrium are the most used. In order to achieve the most even possible distribution of the isotopes in the puncture canals, the technique has so far consisted of injecting a specific amount of liquid when the injection needle has been moved a certain distance forward in the puncture canal and repeating the injection at certain distances. The quantity of isotope, which is to be distributed in the various injection channels, is drawn up collectively into the syringe, which will thereby generally contain large doses of radiation. To protect the operator from the rays, the syringe has been covered with a larger or smaller layer of lead. The whole technique is cumbersome and time-consuming. A good method should satisfy the following requirements: 1. It should be simple and allow a homo-
gen fordeling av væsken i stikkanalen. redistribution of the liquid in the injection channel.
2. Mengden av væske i stikkanalen bør 2. The amount of liquid in the injection channel should
ikke overstige 0,2 ml. pr. cm stikkanal, dette for å forhindre tilbakestrømning av væsken ut av stikkanalen. 3. Sprøyten bør ikke inneholde mer iso-topvæske enn det i hvert enkelt øyeblikk er behov for, dette for å nedsette stråleresi-koen for operatøren. do not exceed 0.2 ml. per cm plug channel, this to prevent backflow of the liquid out of the plug channel. 3. The syringe should not contain more isotope liquid than is needed at each individual moment, this to reduce the radiation cost for the operator.
Disse krav er tilfredsstillet på følgende måte: Ad. 1. Homogen fordeling i stikkanalen oppnåes ved at kanylen i en fylt sprøyte føres inn til tumors dypeste punkt. Når kanyle med sprøytehus trekkes bakover mot stemplet, som holdes fiksert, vil det bli en jevn utstrømning av væske. These requirements are satisfied in the following way: Ad. 1. Homogeneous distribution in the injection channel is achieved by inserting the needle in a filled syringe to the tumor's deepest point. When the needle with the syringe housing is pulled backwards towards the piston, which is held fixed, there will be a steady outflow of liquid.
Ad. 2. Mengden av væske pr. cm stikk-kanal vil avhenge av sprøytens diameter. Ved å velge en standard tuberkulinsprøyte, som vanligvis er 5 cm. lang og med en kapacitet på 1 ml. vil det for hver cm kanylen trekkes tilbake presses ut o. 2. ml. væske. Adv. 2. The amount of liquid per cm stab channel will depend on the diameter of the syringe. By choosing a standard tuberculin syringe, which is usually 5 cm. long and with a capacity of 1 ml. for every cm the cannula is pulled back, it will be pushed out o. 2. ml. liquid.
Ad. 3. Mellom kanyle og sprøyte er det et mellomstykke, bestående av en toveiskran. Ved dreining av hanen vil lumen i sprøy-ten kunne stå i forbindelse enten med kanylen eller et polyetylenkateter, som er ført ned i en blybeskyttet beholder med det radioaktive isotop. Adv. 3. Between the needle and the syringe there is an intermediate piece, consisting of a two-way valve. When the cock is turned, the lumen of the syringe can be connected either to the cannula or to a polyethylene catheter, which is led down into a lead-protected container with the radioactive isotope.
Utførelse: Execution:
For å kunne fiksere stemplet mens sprøytehus med kanyle beveges er en standard tuberkulinsprøyte montert på over-siden av et metallstykke (se tegning: skra-vert område). Dette metallstykke kan beveges mot en underliggende metallskinne, som i sin bakre ende er forsynt med. en fiksasjon for stempelstangens endeplate 1. In order to be able to fix the plunger while the syringe housing with needle is moved, a standard tuberculin syringe is mounted on the upper side of a metal piece (see drawing: shaded area). This metal piece can be moved towards an underlying metal rail, which is provided with at its rear end. a fixation for the piston rod end plate 1.
Forskytningen av de to metallstykker i forhold til'hverandre er ordnet ved at den nedre,.ubevegelige metallskinne er forsynt med et håndtak (2) og det bevegelige med en «avtrekker» (3), hvorved instrumentet får likhet med en pistol. The displacement of the two metal pieces in relation to each other is arranged by the fact that the lower, immovable metal rail is provided with a handle (2) and the movable one with a "trigger" (3), whereby the instrument resembles a gun.
«Avtrekkeren» er et avlangt metallstykke, som er festet på innsiden av det bevegelige metallstykke og gjennom en slits på den nedenforliggende metallskinne er ført frem til undersiden av denne. Ved å gripe om håndtaket og føre pekefingeren rundt «avtrekkeren» kan det bevegelige metallstykke med sprøytehuset føres bakover mot stemplet, hvorved sprøyten tøm-mes. Den motsatte bevegelse foregår automatisk idet bakoverføringen av det øvre metallstykke strammer en spiralfjær (4). Denne er lagt omkring en rund metallstang (5) som i hver ende er festet til opp-høyde metallstykker på den nedre ubeve-gelige metallskinne. Spiralfjæren ligger fortil an mot innsiden av det bevegelige metallstykke. The "puller" is an elongated piece of metal, which is attached to the inside of the movable piece of metal and is led through a slot on the metal rail below to the underside of this. By grasping the handle and moving the index finger around the "trigger", the movable metal piece with the syringe housing can be moved backwards towards the piston, whereby the syringe is emptied. The opposite movement takes place automatically as the rear transmission of the upper metal piece tightens a spiral spring (4). This is placed around a round metal rod (5) which is attached at each end to raised pieces of metal on the lower immovable metal rail. The coil spring rests against the inside of the moving metal piece.
Det er 4 stillskruer. Den bakerste (6) fester metallstangen med spiralf jæren til den nedre metallskinnes opphøyede ende-stykke og tjener også til fiksas jon av stem-pelstangen ved hjelp av en forskyvbar metallklaff. There are 4 set screws. The rear one (6) attaches the metal rod with the spiral spring to the lower metal rail's raised end piece and also serves to fix the piston rod by means of a displaceable metal flap.
Skrue nr. 2 (7) i en slits tillater at noe ulike lange tuberkulinsprøyter kan adap-teres til det øvre bevegelige metallstykket. Skrue nr. 3 (8) forløper i en slits på fremre sidevegg av øvre metallstykke. Den tjener til å regulere mengden av væske i sprøyten. Skruen er festet til en- rund ■ metallstang, som forskytes gjennom et hull i fremre vegg på øvre metallstykke. Enden på stangen stoppes av det opphøyede, fremre metallstykket på nedre metallskinne (10). Ved hjelp av denne regulerbare stang vil kanylen kunne holdes i større eller mindre avstand fra stemplet, m. a. o. sprøytenes lumen kan varieres. Screw No. 2 (7) in a slot allows somewhat different length tuberculin syringes to be adapted to the upper movable metal piece. Screw no. 3 (8) extends into a slot on the front side wall of the upper metal piece. It serves to regulate the amount of liquid in the syringe. The screw is attached to a round ■ metal rod, which is displaced through a hole in the front wall of the upper metal piece. The end of the rod is stopped by the raised front metal piece on the lower metal rail (10). With the help of this adjustable rod, the needle can be kept at a greater or lesser distance from the piston, i.a. the lumen of the syringes can be varied.
Skrue nr. 4 er festet på undersiden av nedre metallstang fortil (11). Den regu-lerer forskytningen av et løst metallstykke (12) som bøyer opp foran kanylen. Dette metallstykke er i kanylehøyde forsynt med et litet hull, som kanylen passerer gjen-nem. Det regulerbare metallstykket har 3 formål: 1. Styrer den lange kanyle. 2. Re-gulerer nålens dybde under huden. 3. For-hindrer at huden under tilbaketrekningen av nålen mot overflaten, trekkes opp i en fold. Screw no. 4 is attached to the underside of the lower front metal bar (11). It regulates the displacement of a loose piece of metal (12) which bends up in front of the cannula. This piece of metal is provided with a small hole at the height of the cannula, through which the cannula passes. The adjustable metal piece has 3 purposes: 1. Guides the long needle. 2. Regulates the depth of the needle under the skin. 3. Prevents the skin from being pulled up into a fold during the withdrawal of the needle towards the surface.
Tilførselen av det radioaktive isotop mellom hver injeksjon sikres ved den mel-lem sprøyte og kanyle innkoblede dobbelt-hane (13). Det ene utløp er ved hjelp av en kort gummislange forbundet med en av-slipt rekordspiss, hvis nål er ført inn i et polyetylenkateter (14) mens det andre ut-løp ved en bajonettfatning er festet til kanylen. Polyetylenkateteret er ført ned i be-holderen med det radioaktive isotop. Det radioaktive isotop vil suges opp i sprøyten ved det vakuum som skapes når den inn-byggede spiralfjær tvinger sprøytehuset fremover. The supply of the radioactive isotope between each injection is ensured by the double tap connected between the syringe and the needle (13). One outlet is connected by means of a short rubber hose to a sharpened record tip, the needle of which is inserted into a polyethylene catheter (14), while the other outlet is attached to the cannula by means of a bayonet socket. The polyethylene catheter is led down into the container with the radioactive isotope. The radioactive isotope will be sucked up into the syringe by the vacuum created when the built-in spiral spring forces the syringe housing forward.
Såvel fylling som tømning av sprøyten tar bare sekunder. Dette forhold i forbindelse med at sprøyten bare inneholder så meget isotop som i øyeblikket brukes samt at den betjenende hånd er fjernet et godt stykke fra sprøyten medfører at strålere — sikoen for operatøren er redusert til et minimum. Both filling and emptying the syringe take just seconds. This condition, in conjunction with the fact that the syringe only contains as much isotope as is currently being used, and that the operating hand is removed a good distance from the syringe, means that the risk for the operator is reduced to a minimum.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR170710 | 1968-10-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO125667B true NO125667B (en) | 1972-10-16 |
Family
ID=8655896
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO0684/69A NO125667B (en) | 1968-10-21 | 1969-02-19 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3584591A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1903707B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK144123C (en) |
FI (1) | FI49270C (en) |
FR (1) | FR1599007A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1250058A (en) |
NL (1) | NL145179B (en) |
NO (1) | NO125667B (en) |
SE (1) | SE344443B (en) |
SU (1) | SU454728A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1014016A (en) * | 1973-08-30 | 1977-07-19 | Heinrich Waas | Icebreaker vessel |
FR2883253B1 (en) | 2005-03-21 | 2015-10-30 | Gilbert Fournier | SHIP STABILIZATION DEVICE AND SHIP THUS EQUIPPED |
CN106184644B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-12-19 | 重庆永林机械设备有限公司 | A kind of ship stabilizer |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE302527C (en) * | ||||
US732920A (en) * | 1902-11-07 | 1903-07-07 | Electric Boat Co | Submarine boat. |
US1708679A (en) * | 1922-08-23 | 1929-04-09 | Carl L Norden | Ship stabilizer |
FR1386405A (en) * | 1963-12-09 | 1965-01-22 | Duchesne Et Des Ateliers Bossi | Ship stabilization system |
US3397664A (en) * | 1966-09-16 | 1968-08-20 | Hydronautics | Vessel stabilizer |
-
1968
- 1968-10-21 FR FR170710A patent/FR1599007A/fr not_active Expired
-
1969
- 1969-01-17 DK DK25869A patent/DK144123C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-01-25 DE DE19691903707 patent/DE1903707B1/en active Pending
- 1969-02-06 FI FI690354A patent/FI49270C/en active
- 1969-02-13 SE SE1953/69A patent/SE344443B/xx unknown
- 1969-02-19 NO NO0684/69A patent/NO125667B/no unknown
- 1969-04-25 GB GB21307/69A patent/GB1250058A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-04-28 US US819746A patent/US3584591A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-07-07 NL NL696910383A patent/NL145179B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-09-26 SU SU1362135A patent/SU454728A3/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI49270C (en) | 1975-05-12 |
DK144123C (en) | 1982-06-01 |
SE344443B (en) | 1972-04-17 |
GB1250058A (en) | 1971-10-20 |
FR1599007A (en) | 1970-07-15 |
US3584591A (en) | 1971-06-15 |
SU454728A3 (en) | 1974-12-25 |
FI49270B (en) | 1975-01-31 |
DE1903707B1 (en) | 1971-03-11 |
DK144123B (en) | 1981-12-14 |
NL6910383A (en) | 1970-04-23 |
NL145179B (en) | 1975-03-17 |
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