NO125646B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO125646B NO125646B NO168067A NO16806767A NO125646B NO 125646 B NO125646 B NO 125646B NO 168067 A NO168067 A NO 168067A NO 16806767 A NO16806767 A NO 16806767A NO 125646 B NO125646 B NO 125646B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- tank
- ppo
- cells
- insulating material
- Prior art date
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
- F17C3/06—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0607—Coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S220/00—Receptacles
- Y10S220/33—Gasoline tank cap
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S220/00—Receptacles
- Y10S220/902—Foam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
Tank for lavtkokende væsker. Tank for low-boiling liquids.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en tank for lavtkokende væsker som på innsiden er forsynt med et lav av celleformet isolerende materiale, såvel som innretninger for transport,'mer spesielt et skip forsynt med en slik tank. The present invention relates to a tank for low-boiling liquids which is provided on the inside with a layer of cellular insulating material, as well as devices for transport, more particularly a ship provided with such a tank.
Ved betegnelsen lavtkokende væsker menes her væsker som under atmosfæretrykk koker under 0°C, slik som butadien, buten, iso-butan, propan, propen, etan, metan, ammoniakk, oksygen, nitrogen, hydrogen og blandinger slik som luft og naturgass. The term low-boiling liquids refers here to liquids which under atmospheric pressure boil below 0°C, such as butadiene, butene, iso-butane, propane, propene, ethane, methane, ammonia, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and mixtures such as air and natural gas.
Tanker av den ovenfor nevnte type er beskrevet tidligere'. I disse kjente tankene er isolasjonsmaterialet hovedsakelig anbragt for å redusere varmegjennomgangen i tankveggen. Man hindrer således at en lavtkokende væske som befinner seg i tanken fordamper i altfor sterk. grad. For å tjene bare dette formål kan isolasjonsmaterialet også anbringes på utsiden av tanken. Anbringelsen av det isolerende materiale på innsiden av tanken har imidlertid den ekstra fordel at tankveggen ikke antar den lave temperatur til væsken som holdes i tanken. Dette ville spesielt være en stor ulempe i det tilfelle man har væsker med et meget lavt kokepunkt slik som metan og luft, fordi materialet i tanken kan bli sprøtt ved slike lave temperaturer, og dette kan lede til en betraktelig nedsettelse av motstandsevnen overfor f.eks. slag-belastning. Andre alvorlige ulemper med tankveggen som antar den lave temperatur til f.eks. flytende metan, er den resulterende krymping som oppstår i materialet. Når tanken tømmes får den på nytt en høyere temperatur; de store temperaturvariasjoner som oppstår ved fylling og tømming av tanken forårsaker krymping og ekspansjon, som frembringer store påkjenninger i tankene og som kan lede til lekkasjer. Disse problemer er diskutert i litteraturen mange ganger og forskjellige konstruksjoner av isolasjonsmaterialet er foreslått til foring i tankene. Det er imidlertid funnet at foringen i tanker med isolerende materiale er forbundet med slike problemer at anvendelse i stor måle-stokk av de foreslåtte konstruksjoner hittil ikke har funnet sted. Tanks of the above-mentioned type have been described previously'. In these known tanks, the insulating material is mainly placed to reduce heat transfer in the tank wall. This prevents a low-boiling liquid in the tank from evaporating too strongly. degree. To serve this purpose only, the insulating material can also be placed on the outside of the tank. However, the placement of the insulating material on the inside of the tank has the added advantage that the tank wall does not assume the low temperature of the liquid held in the tank. This would especially be a major disadvantage in the case of liquids with a very low boiling point such as methane and air, because the material in the tank can become brittle at such low temperatures, and this can lead to a considerable reduction in resistance to e.g. . impact load. Other serious disadvantages of the tank wall which assumes the low temperature to e.g. liquid methane, is the resulting shrinkage that occurs in the material. When the tank is emptied, it gets a higher temperature again; the large temperature variations that occur when filling and emptying the tank cause shrinkage and expansion, which produce large stresses in the tanks and which can lead to leaks. These problems have been discussed in the literature many times and different constructions of the insulation material have been proposed for lining the tanks. However, it has been found that the lining in tanks with insulating material is associated with such problems that application on a large scale of the proposed constructions has not yet taken place.
Det er nå funnet at hvis man anvender et spesielt isolasjonsmateriale, som hittil ikke er foreslått for det ovenfor omtalte formål, oppnåes meget gunstige resultater. It has now been found that if one uses a special insulating material, which has not been proposed up to now for the purpose mentioned above, very favorable results are achieved.
En tank ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er kjennetegnet ved at isolasjonsmaterialet i alt vesentlig består av et skum av poly-(2,6-dimetyl-parafenylenoksyd) med avlange celler som i alt vesentlig er rettet perpendikulært på tankveggen. A tank according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that the insulation material essentially consists of a foam of poly-(2,6-dimethyl-paraphenylene oxide) with elongated cells which are essentially oriented perpendicular to the tank wall.
Et skum av denne type, såvel som fremgangsmåte til frem-stilling av dette, er beskrevet i britisk patent nr. 1 056 399. A foam of this type, as well as the method for producing it, is described in British patent no. 1 056 399.
Et skum bestående av poly-(2,6-dimetyl-parafenylenoksyd) med avlange celler vil for letthets skyld i det følgende bli kalt et aniso-tropt PPO skum. Et skum av denne typen behøver ikke utelukkende bestå av poly-(2,6-dimetylparafenylenoksyd). Det kan inneholde forskjellige additiver slik som pigmenter, fibre, fiber-retarderende stoffer og også andre polymerer slik som polystyren. A foam consisting of poly-(2,6-dimethyl-paraphenylene oxide) with elongated cells will, for the sake of simplicity, be called an anisotropic PPO foam in the following. A foam of this type need not consist exclusively of poly-(2,6-dimethylparaphenylene oxide). It may contain various additives such as pigments, fibers, fiber-retarding substances and also other polymers such as polystyrene.
Bruken av anisotropt PPO skum for foring av tanker ifølge oppfinnelsen har betydelige fordeler i forhold til bruken av tidligere foreslåtte isolasjonsmaterialer for dette formål. The use of anisotropic PPO foam for lining tanks according to the invention has significant advantages in relation to the use of previously proposed insulation materials for this purpose.
I forhold til det isolasjonsmateriale som er beskrevet i tysk patent nr. 1 006 875, har det f.eks. den fordel at tverrsnitt- størrelsen av de avlange cellene i skummet er betraktelig mindre enn det som er tilfelle hos de celler som dannes av ledeplatene som beskrevet i det tyske patentskrift. Som et resultat av dette er isola-sjonseffektiviteten for en tank ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse betraktelig større. En ytterligere fordel er at anisotropt PPO skum kan fremstilles og.påføres tankveggen på meget enkel måte. In relation to the insulation material described in German patent no. 1 006 875, it has e.g. the advantage is that the cross-sectional size of the elongated cells in the foam is considerably smaller than is the case with the cells formed by the guide plates as described in the German patent document. As a result, the insulation efficiency of a tank according to the present invention is considerably greater. A further advantage is that anisotropic PPO foam can be produced and applied to the tank wall in a very simple way.
Bruken av anisotropt PPO skum ifølge oppfinnelsen har store fordeler i forhold til den kjente bruk av balsa-tre idet det er et langt mer ensartet produkt enn naturproduktet balsa-tre. Dessuten er balsa-tre naturligvis bare tilgjengelig i stykker med begrensede dimensjoner. ■ The use of anisotropic PPO foam according to the invention has great advantages compared to the known use of balsa wood, as it is a far more uniform product than the natural product balsa wood. Also, balsa wood is naturally only available in pieces with limited dimensions. ■
Anisotropt PPO skum kan fremstilles i blokker med meget store dimensjoner, som ikke bare forenkler håndteringen av disse i tankene, men som også gjør det mulig å oppnå et isolerende lag som har betraktelig færre sømmer. Det er disse sømmer i "det isolerende materiale som utgjør de svake punktene i tanker av den ovenfor be-skrevne type, fordi de kan briste ved krymping av materialet. Med tanker foret med det anisotrope PPO skum kan antall sømmer gjøres meget lite. Skummet kan dessuten gis -en slik struktur at det ikke lenger er noen risiko for at sømmene brister. Disse strukturelle de-taljer vil bli beskrevet i det følgende. Anisotropic PPO foam can be produced in blocks with very large dimensions, which not only simplifies the handling of these in the tanks, but also makes it possible to achieve an insulating layer that has considerably fewer seams. It is these seams in the insulating material that constitute the weak points in tanks of the type described above, because they can burst when the material shrinks. With tanks lined with the anisotropic PPO foam, the number of seams can be made very small. The foam can moreover, such a structure is provided that there is no longer any risk of the seams bursting.These structural details will be described below.
Anisotropt skum kan fremstilles i form av blokker på en slik måte at cellenes lengdeakse ikke er helt perpendikulær på, men har en liten helling i forhold til skummets overflate. Anbringelsen av et slikt skum på vertikale vegger på en slik måte at cellene strekker seg med en liten nedoverrettet helling fra tankveggen og innover, har den ytterligere fordel at gass som er tilstede i cellene ikke kan unnslippe fra disse. Derfor, hvis det i denne forbindelse nevnes celler som er rettet i alt vesentlig perpendikulært på tankveggen, omfatter dette celler som er plasert med en vinkel i forhold til tankveggen som er forskjellig fra 90°. Anisotropic foam can be produced in the form of blocks in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the cells is not completely perpendicular to it, but has a slight slope in relation to the surface of the foam. The placement of such foam on vertical walls in such a way that the cells extend with a slight downward slope from the tank wall inwards has the further advantage that gas present in the cells cannot escape from them. Therefore, if in this connection cells are mentioned which are directed essentially perpendicular to the tank wall, this includes cells which are placed at an angle to the tank wall which is different from 90°.
I det tyske patent nr. 1 006 875 (kolonne 1 linjene 6-13) er det nevnt at de vanlige isolasjonsmaterialene er meget sprø ved lave temperaturer og er uegnet fordi de kan sprekke. I dette henseende er anisotropt PPO skum gunstig i forhold til de vanlige isolasjonsmaterialene idet det også ved lave temperaturer er tilstrekkelig solid til å motstå slag. In the German patent no. 1 006 875 (column 1 lines 6-13) it is mentioned that the usual insulating materials are very brittle at low temperatures and are unsuitable because they can crack. In this respect, anisotropic PPO foam is favorable compared to the usual insulation materials, as it is sufficiently solid to withstand impact even at low temperatures.
I tysk patent nr. 1 106 350 (kolonne 1 linjene 45-54) er det nevnt at man ikke kjenner noe syntetisk skum som kan motstå ekstreme forhold f.eks. -60° til -170°C, og som kan motstå hydrokarboner. I dette henseende overgår PPO kjente skumtyper fordi det er motstands-dyktig mot lave temperaturer såvel som alifatiske hydrokarboner. Tanker foret med PPO skum kan derfor brukes for oppbevaring av de fleste gasser som er kondensert ved en lav temperatur. Noen halogen-holdige hydrokarboner slik som freoner, må imidlertid utelukkes fordi de kan svelle eller oppløse PPO. In German patent no. 1 106 350 (column 1 lines 45-54) it is mentioned that no synthetic foam is known which can withstand extreme conditions, e.g. -60° to -170°C, and which can withstand hydrocarbons. In this respect, PPO surpasses known foam types because it is resistant to low temperatures as well as aliphatic hydrocarbons. Tanks lined with PPO foam can therefore be used for storing most gases that are condensed at a low temperature. However, some halogen-containing hydrocarbons such as freons must be excluded because they can swell or dissolve PPO.
I tillegg til de ovenfor angitte momenter er mange av de eksisterende syntetiske skumtyper uegnet på grunn av deres lukkede cellestruktur. Cellene som er i kontakt med væsken vil fylles med væske f.eks. ved diffusjon. Når tanken tømmes stiger temperaturen raskt og som et resultat av dette vil væsken som inneholdes i cellene fordampe meget hurtig slik at cellene brister. In addition to the points stated above, many of the existing synthetic foam types are unsuitable due to their closed cell structure. The cells that are in contact with the liquid will be filled with liquid, e.g. by diffusion. When the tank is emptied the temperature rises rapidly and as a result the liquid contained in the cells will evaporate very quickly so that the cells burst.
Hvis ifølge oppfinnelsen PPO skum anvendes vil de avlange skumcellene, når tanken fylles, delvis fylles med væske og delvis, nemlig i de celledeler som er nærmest metalltankveggen, med gass dannet ved fordampning av væsken. I hver celle danner denne gass en slags pute som har en isolerende virkning. Cellenes tverrsnittstørrelse er så liten at det neppe er noen varmekonveksjon. Når tanken tømmes kan væsken som finnes i cellene lett unnslippe og dette vil hindre bristing av cellene ved plutselig fordampning. Ettersom cellene ikke står i forbindelse med hverandre kan ingen gass eller væske passere fra en celle til en annen. If, according to the invention, PPO foam is used, the elongated foam cells, when the tank is filled, will be partially filled with liquid and partially, namely in the cell parts closest to the metal tank wall, with gas formed by evaporation of the liquid. In each cell, this gas forms a kind of cushion that has an insulating effect. The cross-sectional size of the cells is so small that there is hardly any heat convection. When the tank is emptied, the liquid contained in the cells can easily escape and this will prevent the cells from bursting due to sudden evaporation. As the cells are not connected to each other, no gas or liquid can pass from one cell to another.
Det som gjør anisotropt PPO skum spesielt egnet for det formål å fore tanker, er at det har en lav spesifikk vekt såvel som en høy trykkstyrke i cellenes lengderetning. I dette henseende overgår anisotropt PPO skum enhver annen hittil kjent skumtype med lignende spesifikk vekt. What makes anisotropic PPO foam particularly suitable for the purpose of lining tanks is that it has a low specific weight as well as a high compressive strength in the longitudinal direction of the cells. In this respect, anisotropic PPO foam outperforms any other foam type known to date with a similar specific weight.
Skummet kan sammenpresses temmelig lett i en retning perpendikulært på cellenes lengderetning. Denne egenskap til det anisotropePPO skum kan fordelaktig benyttes ved anbringelse av skummet på tankveggen. Ved å påføre skummet mens det er litt sammenpresset i tverr-retningen, er det mulig å bibeholde en viss spenning i skummet. På denne måten oppnåes det, selv om nevnte spenning minker når skummet avkjøles, at det ikke forekommer noen krymping av skummet. Som et resultat av dette leder ikke sterk avkjøling av skummet til bristing av sømmene. En foretrukken utførelse ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er derfor kjennetegnet ved at skummet i det minste ved dens frie overflate er ved romtemperatur under trykk i retninger som ligger i overflaten. The foam can be compressed rather easily in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cells. This property of the anisotropic PPO foam can be advantageously used when placing the foam on the tank wall. By applying the foam while it is slightly compressed in the transverse direction, it is possible to maintain a certain tension in the foam. In this way, it is achieved, even if said tension decreases when the foam cools, that no shrinkage of the foam occurs. As a result, strong cooling of the foam does not lead to bursting of the seams. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention is therefore characterized by the fact that the foam, at least at its free surface, is at room temperature under pressure in directions that lie in the surface.
Anisotropt PPO skum kan fremstilles i form av lett bøyde blokker. Hvis disse lett bøyde blokker anbringes slik at deres konkave sider er i kontakt med en flat tankvegg, vil blokkenes frie sider være noe sammenpresset slik at det oppstår spenninger i disse frie sidene. Siden avkjølingen av'skumblokkene er sterkest på denne siden, vil isolasjonslaget i kald tilstand bare utsettes for små spenninger. Anisotropic PPO foam can be produced in the form of slightly bent blocks. If these slightly bent blocks are placed so that their concave sides are in contact with a flat tank wall, the free sides of the blocks will be somewhat compressed so that tensions arise in these free sides. Since the cooling of the foam blocks is strongest on this side, the insulation layer in a cold state will only be exposed to small stresses.
En foretrukken tank ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, hvor dette er tilfelle, er kjennetegnet ved at trykket i skummet parallelt med den frie overflaten, minker med avstanden til tankveggen. A preferred tank according to the present invention, where this is the case, is characterized by the fact that the pressure in the foam parallel to the free surface decreases with the distance to the tank wall.
En lignende effekt oppnåes naturligvis også hvis en flat blokk av anisotropt PPO skum festes til den konkave siden på en buet tankvegg. Det anisotrope PPO skum kan påføres veggene i en tank på kjent måte f.eks. ved liming. A similar effect is naturally also achieved if a flat block of anisotropic PPO foam is attached to the concave side of a curved tank wall. The anisotropic PPO foam can be applied to the walls of a tank in a known manner, e.g. when gluing.
Blokkene av anisotropt PPO skum er i alminnelighet forsynt med en tynn PPO-hud på 'begge sider. På den siden som vender mot tankveggen blir denne huden fortrinnsvis ikke rørt. På den siden som vender mot væsken kan huden fjernes, f.eks. ved oppkutting eller maling. Men dette er ikke nødvendig. The blocks of anisotropic PPO foam are generally provided with a thin PPO skin on both sides. On the side facing the tank wall, this skin is preferably not touched. On the side facing the liquid, the skin can be removed, e.g. when cutting or painting. But this is not necessary.
For sikkerhets skyld er det fordelaktig å inkorporere ett eller flere ugjennomtrengelige ark i skumlaget. Disse ark, som i det følgende kalles "barrierer", kan bestå av et hvilket som helst materiale som vil motstå de forhold som hersker i tanken, slik som metall-folie, plastfolie eller ark, kryssfiner, osv. For dette formål anvendes fortrinnsvis PPO-ark eller folie som kan være belagt med metall-folie slik som aluminium eller kopperfolie. PPO-arket har en stor forlengelse ved lave temperaturer og er lett å forbinde med PPO skumraet. Det er dessuten mulig å fremstille PPO skum-blokker på en slik måte at de er forsynt med en ugjennomtrengelig PPO-hud som kan virke som en barriere. Hvis slike blokker anvendes er isolasjonslaget sammensatt av minst to av disse blokkene. For safety, it is advantageous to incorporate one or more impermeable sheets into the foam layer. These sheets, hereinafter called "barriers", can consist of any material that will withstand the conditions prevailing in the tank, such as metal foil, plastic foil or sheet, plywood, etc. For this purpose, PPO is preferably used - sheet or foil which can be coated with metal foil such as aluminum or copper foil. The PPO sheet has a large extension at low temperatures and is easy to connect with the PPO foam. It is also possible to produce PPO foam blocks in such a way that they are provided with an impermeable PPO skin which can act as a barrier. If such blocks are used, the insulation layer is composed of at least two of these blocks.
Delene av det isolerende lag som danner utsiden, kan om ønskelig være sammensatt av et isolasjonsmateriale forskjellig fra PPO-skum, forutsatt at det isolerende lag er slik sammensatt at den flytende gass ikke kommer i kontakt med disse deler. For å hindre skade på det isolerende lag kan det være fordelaktig å dekke PPO skummet med et materiale som beskytter det mot mekanisk skade. En slik skade kan oppstå når den tomme tanken skal undersøkes og folk går inne i tanken. Dette beskyttende materiale kan danne en kontinuerlig foring av metall eller plast. I det tilfelle dette beskyttende materiale danner en kontinuerlig vegg, skal det ansees som en indre tank. I dette tilfelle har man også store fordeler ved bruk av det anisotrope skummet ifølge oppfinnelsen, idet konstruksjonen av den indre tanken er meget mindre avgjørende enn konstruksjonen av én konvensjonell indre tank. For, hvis det skulle oppstå en lekkasje i denne indre tanken, virker PPO skum-laget som en sekundær beskyttelse og en lekkasje i den indre tanken forårsaker ingen fare. The parts of the insulating layer that form the outside can, if desired, be composed of an insulating material different from PPO foam, provided that the insulating layer is composed in such a way that the liquid gas does not come into contact with these parts. To prevent damage to the insulating layer, it may be advantageous to cover the PPO foam with a material that protects it from mechanical damage. Such damage can occur when the empty tank is to be examined and people enter the tank. This protective material can form a continuous lining of metal or plastic. In the event that this protective material forms a continuous wall, it shall be considered an internal tank. In this case, one also has great advantages when using the anisotropic foam according to the invention, as the construction of the inner tank is much less decisive than the construction of one conventional inner tank. Because, should a leak occur in this inner tank, the PPO foam layer acts as a secondary protection and a leak in the inner tank causes no danger.
Tanker av den ovenfor.beskrevne typen kan brukes alene eller danne en del av et anlegg. Tanks of the type described above can be used alone or form part of a plant.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6606478A NL146926B (en) | 1966-05-12 | 1966-05-12 | TANK FOR LOW TEMPERATURE COOKING LIQUIDS. |
NL6703445A NL6703445A (en) | 1966-05-12 | 1967-03-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO125646B true NO125646B (en) | 1972-10-09 |
Family
ID=26644036
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO168067A NO125646B (en) | 1966-05-12 | 1967-05-09 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3484277A (en) |
BE (1) | BE696082A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1551560A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1522832A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1138125A (en) |
NL (2) | NL146926B (en) |
NO (1) | NO125646B (en) |
SE (1) | SE321690B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3814275A (en) * | 1972-04-03 | 1974-06-04 | Mc Donnell Douglas Corp | Cryogenic storage vessel |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2769205A (en) * | 1952-04-03 | 1956-11-06 | Rubatex Products Inc | Expanded cellular rubber with elliptical cells and method of making |
US2911380A (en) * | 1955-08-26 | 1959-11-03 | Dow Chemical Co | Poly-(aromatic ether) compositions and method of making same |
US3382212A (en) * | 1959-06-17 | 1968-05-07 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Process for preparing polyphenylene ethers |
-
1966
- 1966-05-12 NL NL6606478A patent/NL146926B/en unknown
-
1967
- 1967-03-03 NL NL6703445A patent/NL6703445A/xx unknown
- 1967-03-24 BE BE696082D patent/BE696082A/xx unknown
- 1967-05-08 US US3484277D patent/US3484277A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-05-08 SE SE639067A patent/SE321690B/xx unknown
- 1967-05-09 NO NO168067A patent/NO125646B/no unknown
- 1967-05-11 GB GB2201567A patent/GB1138125A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-05-12 FR FR106256A patent/FR1522832A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-05-12 DE DE19671551560 patent/DE1551560A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US3484277A (en) | 1969-12-16 |
DE1551560A1 (en) | 1970-03-05 |
NL146926B (en) | 1975-08-15 |
FR1522832A (en) | 1968-04-26 |
GB1138125A (en) | 1968-12-27 |
NL6606478A (en) | 1966-07-25 |
SE321690B (en) | 1970-03-16 |
BE696082A (en) | 1967-09-01 |
NL6703445A (en) | 1967-05-25 |
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