NO124493B - - Google Patents
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- NO124493B NO124493B NO23568A NO23568A NO124493B NO 124493 B NO124493 B NO 124493B NO 23568 A NO23568 A NO 23568A NO 23568 A NO23568 A NO 23568A NO 124493 B NO124493 B NO 124493B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- copolymer
- coating
- copolymers
- paper
- Prior art date
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 61
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006222 acrylic ester polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003146 methacrylic ester copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 57
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 17
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BSSNZUFKXJJCBG-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-enediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C/C(N)=O BSSNZUFKXJJCBG-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=CC=O)=C1OC FRIBMENBGGCKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-{[(4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](4-{ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(ethyl)azaniumyl]methyl}benzene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](C)C)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVXRCAWUNAOCTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVXRCAWUNAOCTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical class CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004159 Potassium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N dibutyl (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical class CCCCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCCCC JBSLOWBPDRZSMB-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- STNXDVQYLMLGRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-sulfonic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].CCCCCCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O STNXDVQYLMLGRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011346 highly viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SAJLIOLJORWJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethanesulfinic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OCS(O)=O SAJLIOLJORWJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N maleamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O FSQQTNAZHBEJLS-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolamine Chemical class NCO XMYQHJDBLRZMLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCO DNTMQTKDNSEIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
Bestrykningsmasse for papir. Coating compound for paper.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører papirbestrykningsmasse for fremstilling av trykkpapir, som er egnet for alle trykkeproses-ser, men særlig for offsettrykk. Den vedrører fremfor alt arten av de syntetiske bindemidler som papirbestrykningsmassene inneholder. The present invention relates to paper coating compound for the production of printing paper, which is suitable for all printing processes, but especially for offset printing. It relates above all to the nature of the synthetic binders that the paper coating compounds contain.
Selv om papirbestrykningsmassene inneholder disse bindemidler i underordnede mengder, for det meste 5 til 30 vekt% av mengden av pigment, er de dog i vidtgående grad bestemmende for papirbestrykningsmassenes forhold ved forarbeidelsen og egenska- Although the paper coating compounds contain these binders in minor amounts, mostly 5 to 30% by weight of the amount of pigment, they are, however, to a large extent decisive for the paper coating compounds' conditions during processing and properties
pene av det bestrøkede papir. Papirbestrykningsmassene skal ved de vanlige påføringsprosesser, og ganske særlig også ved valsebestrykningsprosessen være stabile og ikke ha tilbøyelighet til be-leggdannelse, f.eks. på valsene. Ved de store arbeidshastigheter pretty of the coated paper. In the usual application processes, and especially in the roller coating process, the paper coating compounds must be stable and not prone to coating formation, e.g. on the rollers. At the high working speeds
av de moderne bestrykningsprosesser med høy ydelse som anvendes i papirindustrien er et høyt faststoffinnhold i bestrykningsmassene nødvendig, for at man kan klare seg med en mest mulig kort tør-kestrekning på maskinen. Et høyt faststoffinnhold er også nødven-dig når det til en god dekning av papiroverflaten skal oppnåes be-strykninger med høy påføringsvekt pr. flateenhet. Allikevel skal papirbestrykningsmassene kunne flyte godt, være stabile like over^ for mekanisk påkjenning, som skjærepåkjenning, og oppvise en god pigmentbindeevne i bestrykningen. of the modern coating processes with high performance used in the paper industry, a high solids content in the coating compounds is necessary, so that one can manage with the shortest possible drying time on the machine. A high solids content is also necessary when, in order to achieve good coverage of the paper surface, coatings with a high application weight per area unit. Even so, the paper coating masses must be able to flow well, be stable just above mechanical stress, such as cutting stress, and exhibit a good pigment binding capacity in the coating.
Det har i langt lengre tid vært kjent å anvende vandige dispersjoner av akrylester-kopolymerisater som syntetiske bindemidler for seg alene, eller sammen med naturlige bindemidler, som stivelse, kasein eller soyaprotein. Naturlige bindemidler kan imidlertid bli utsatt for innvirkning av mikroorganismer, og dessuten er deres egenskaper ikke konstante. Slike egenskapsvariasjoner hindrer f.eks. automatiseringen av bestrykningsfarve-fremstillingen. Dessuten må de naturlige bindemidler for det meste også før tilsetningen bringes i oppløsning for seg, hvilket ved syntetiske bindemidler i alminnelighet ikke er nødvendig. It has been known for a much longer time to use aqueous dispersions of acrylic ester copolymers as synthetic binders on their own, or together with natural binders, such as starch, casein or soy protein. However, natural binders can be exposed to the action of microorganisms, and moreover, their properties are not constant. Such property variations prevent e.g. the automation of coating color production. In addition, the natural binders for the most part also have to be dissolved separately before the addition, which is generally not necessary with synthetic binders.
Inneholder derimot bestrykningsmassene bare de kjente kunststoff-dispersjoner som bindemiddel så oppviser de en utilstrekkelig skjærestabilitet og kan i alminnelighet ikke forarbeides efter valsebestrykningsprosessen med høy ydelse. If, on the other hand, the coating compounds contain only the known plastic dispersions as a binder, they exhibit insufficient cutting stability and generally cannot be processed after the high-performance roller coating process.
Fra det svenske patentskrift 182 111 (resp. US-patentskrift 3 081 198) og det norske patent 113 514 er det kjent som syntetiske bindemidler for papirbestrykningsmasse å anvende blandinger av akrylester- og vinylester-kopolymerisatet med akrylsyre-akrylester-kopolymerisatet i form av vandige dispersjoner. De med disse papirbestrykningsmasser, hvis vannretensjon er tilfredsstillende , fremstillete papirsorter har visstnok delvis gode egenskaper, men bestrykningsmassene er ofte ikke tilfredsstillende forarbeid-, bare på hurtigløpende maskiner, og således særlig ved et faststoffinnhold over 50%. From the Swedish patent 182 111 (resp. US patent 3 081 198) and the Norwegian patent 113 514 it is known as synthetic binders for paper coating mass to use mixtures of the acrylic ester and vinyl ester copolymer with the acrylic acid acrylic ester copolymer in the form of aqueous dispersions. The types of paper produced with these paper coating compounds, whose water retention is satisfactory, probably have partly good properties, but the coating compounds are often not satisfactory for pre-processing, only on fast-running machines, and thus especially with a solids content above 50%.
Ved bestrykningsmasser er en rekke av egenskaper ønske-lige for at de skal være godt forarbeidbare og gi et papir med gode egenskaper. De skal ved en viskositet av 1000 cp ha et faststoffinnhold av i det minste 50 vekt% med samtidig god forarbeidbarhet og en høy avrivningsfasthet av strøkene. Som mål for for-arbeidbarheten kan ansees vannretensjonen. Hos papirbestrykningsmasser med dårlig vannretensjon vil vannet som massene inneholder all .ede under påføringsprosessen vidtgående grad bli bortført gjennom råpapiret. Da høykonsentrerte bestrykningsfarver dessuten bare inneholder lite vann, blir flyteegenskapen herunder dår-ligere, det dannes ofte tykke belegg på påføringsapparaturen og be-strykningsoverflaten har ofte et ujevnt utseende. Dessuten vil ved dårlig vannretensjon for meget bindemiddel bli skyllet bort med vannet i papirstrukturen og gå tapt for pigmentdannelsen. In the case of coating materials, a number of properties are desirable in order for them to be easily processable and to produce a paper with good properties. At a viscosity of 1000 cp, they must have a solids content of at least 50% by weight, with good processability and a high tear resistance of the layers. Water retention can be considered as a measure of workability. In the case of paper coating compounds with poor water retention, the water that the compounds contain during the application process will largely be carried away through the raw paper. As highly concentrated coating colors also only contain a small amount of water, the flowability becomes poorer, thick coatings are often formed on the application equipment and the coating surface often has an uneven appearance. Moreover, with poor water retention, too much binder will be washed away with the water in the paper structure and be lost to the pigment formation.
Det viste seg nu at papirbestrykningsmasser som inneholder på 100 vektdeler finfordelt pigment, 5 til 25 vektdeler av et syntetisk bindemiddel av en blanding av et akrylester- og/eller metakrylester-kopolymerisat (A) med en glasstemperatur mellom -60 og +30°C, av 20 til 60 vekt% styren og/eller akrylnitril, 80 til 40 vekt% estere av alkanoler med 1 til 12 karbonatomer og akryl sy-re og/eller metakrylsyre og 0 til 10 vekt% etylenisk umettede karboksylsyrer og/eller amider av disse, og et vannoppløselig ammonium-, amin- eller alkalisalt av et kopolymerisat (B) av lavere akrylestere med etylenisk umettede karboksylsyrer som oppviser 3 til 5 karbonatomer og eventuelt ytterligere etylenisk umettede monorae-rer som vinylacetat oppviser i henhold til oppfinnelsen særlig gode egenskaper når de inneholder som kopolymerisatet (B) alkali-oppløselige kopolymerisater med K-verdier mellom 40 og 90 bestående av 45 til 92,5 vekt% metylakrylat, 7,5 til 10 vekt% etylenisk umettede karboksylsyre med 3 til 5 karbonatomer, 0 til 5 vekt% akrylamid og/eller metakrylamid, 0 til 47,5 vekt% vinylacetat idet polymerisat (B) er tilsatt i mengder av 10 til 50 vekt% basert på summen av kopolymerisatene (A) og (B). It has now been found that paper coating compositions containing 100 parts by weight of finely divided pigment, 5 to 25 parts by weight of a synthetic binder of a mixture of an acrylic ester and/or methacrylic ester copolymer (A) with a glass transition temperature between -60 and +30°C, of 20 to 60% by weight of styrene and/or acrylonitrile, 80 to 40% by weight of esters of alkanols with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and 0 to 10% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or amides thereof, and a water-soluble ammonium, amine or alkali salt of a copolymer (B) of lower acrylic esters with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids which have 3 to 5 carbon atoms and possibly further ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as vinyl acetate which, according to the invention, have particularly good properties when they contain as the copolymer (B) alkali-soluble copolymers with K values between 40 and 90 consisting of 45 to 92.5% by weight methyl acrylate, 7.5 to 10% by weight ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with 3 ti l 5 carbon atoms, 0 to 5% by weight of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, 0 to 47.5% by weight of vinyl acetate, wherein polymerizate (B) is added in amounts of 10 to 50% by weight based on the sum of the copolymers (A) and (B) .
Totalmengden av bindemidler i de nye papirbestrykningsmasser kan varieres innen vide grenser. Den ligger i alminnelighet mellom 5 og 25 vektdeler, fortrinnsvis mellom 7 og 15 vektdeler , basert på 100 deler pigment. Foruten det syntetiske bindemiddel av kopolymerisatene (A) og (B) kan papirbestrykningsmassene dessuten inneholde naturlige bindemidler, som kasein og stivelse. Slike tilsetninger er imidlertid ikke nødvendige. Tvertimot vans-keliggjør medanvendelsen av naturlige bindemidler fremstillingen av papirbestrykningsmassene, da disse naturlige bindemidler først ofte må oppsluttes i relativt omstendlige prosesser og må bringes i oppløsning. The total quantity of binders in the new paper coating compounds can be varied within wide limits. It is generally between 5 and 25 parts by weight, preferably between 7 and 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts of pigment. In addition to the synthetic binder of the copolymers (A) and (B), the paper coating materials can also contain natural binders, such as casein and starch. However, such additions are not necessary. On the contrary, the co-use of natural binders complicates the production of the paper coating compounds, as these natural binders must first often be dissolved in relatively time-consuming processes and must be dissolved.
Det i henhold til oppfinnelsen anvendte kopolymerisat The copolymer used according to the invention
(A) skal foruten 20 til 60 og særlig 30 til 50 vekt% styren og/eller akrylnitril, hvorunder styren er å foretrekke, inneholde innpolymerisert 80 til 40 og særlig 70 til 50 vekt% estere av akryl- (A) must, in addition to 20 to 60 and especially 30 to 50% by weight of styrene and/or acrylonitrile, of which styrene is preferable, contain polymerized 80 to 40 and especially 70 to 50% by weight of esters of acrylic
syre og/eller metakrylsyre. Som estere av disse syrer med alkanoler som inneholder 1 til 12, særlig 2 til 8 karbonatomer skal nev-nes etylakrylat, n-butylakrylat, isobutylakrylat, n-heksylakrylat, 2-etylheksylakrylat, n-oktylakrylat, n-dodecylakrylat, samt de til-svarende metakrylater, av hvilke n-butylakrylat, isobutylakrylat og 2-etylheksylakrylat er å foretrekke. acid and/or methacrylic acid. As esters of these acids with alkanols containing 1 to 12, especially 2 to 8 carbon atoms, mention should be made of ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-dodecyl acrylate, as well as the corresponding methacrylates, of which n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are preferred.
Som ytterligere etylenisk umettede forbindelser som i mengder av 0 til 10 vekt%kan delta i oppbygningen av kopolymerisatet (A), kommer de vanlige komonomerer i betraktning, fremfor alt vinylestere , som vinylacetat og vinylpropionat, butadien, maleinsyre- og fumarsyredialkylestere, som maleinsyredietylestere og ma-leinsyredibutylestere, samt vinylhalogenider, som vinylklorid og vinylidenklorid. Fortrinnsvis inneholder polymerisatet innpolymerisert 0,1 til 10, og særlig 0,5 til 5 vekt% hydrofile polare monomerer, som etylenisk umettede karboksylsyrer med 3 til 5 karbonatomer og/eller disses amider, mono- og di-N-alkylamider, N-metylolami-«r As further ethylenically unsaturated compounds which can participate in amounts of 0 to 10% by weight in the structure of the copolymer (A), the usual comonomers come into consideration, above all vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, butadiene, maleic acid and fumaric acid dialkyl esters, such as maleic acid diethyl esters and maleic acid dibutyl esters, as well as vinyl halides, such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Preferably, the polymerized polymer contains 0.1 to 10, and in particular 0.5 to 5% by weight of hydrophilic polar monomers, such as ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 5 carbon atoms and/or these amides, mono- and di-N-alkylamides, N-methylolami -«r
der eller foretrede N-metylolamider, f.eks. akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, krotonsyre , maleinsyre, fumarsyre, itakonsyre, akrylamid, N-metylolmetakrylamid eller maleinsyreamid, maleinsyrediamid eller itakonsyre-halvestere. Særlig egnede monomerer av denne art er akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, akrylamid og metakrylamid. Også blandinger av de nevnte monomerer kan anvendes. where or etherified N-methylolamides, e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide or maleic acid amide, maleic acid diamide or itaconic acid half-esters. Particularly suitable monomers of this type are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide and methacrylamide. Mixtures of the mentioned monomers can also be used.
Glasstemperaturen av polynerisatet (A) skal ligge mellom -60 og +30°C, fortrinnsvis mellom -30 og +1Q°C. Nærmere angivelser av glasstemperaturen, se L.E.Nielson, "Mechanical Properties of Polymers", Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York 1962, side 11 ff. The glass transition temperature of the polynerizate (A) must lie between -60 and +30°C, preferably between -30 and +1Q°C. For further details of the glass transition temperature, see L.E. Nielson, "Mechanical Properties of Polymers", Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York 1962, page 11 ff.
Alle polymerisater som ikke tilfredsstiller den nevnte betingelse er ikke egnet for bindemidlene i henhold til oppfinnel- All polymers that do not satisfy the aforementioned condition are not suitable for the binders according to the invention
i in
sen. Således har f.eks. et kopolymerisat av 60 vekt% styren, 38 vekt% tert.-butylakrylat og 2 vekt% akrylsyre en glasstemperatur som ligger over 30°C og er derfor ikke egnet som kopolymerisat (A). Godt egnet og foretrukket er derimot kopolymerisater (A) av 45 til 60 vekt% akrylsyre-n-butylester og/eller akrylsyreisobutylester, 5 3,5 til 40 vekt% styren, 1 til 5 vekt% akrylsyre og/eller metakrylsyre og 0,5 til 5 vekt% akrylsyreamid og/eller metakrylsyre-amid. Likeledes foretrukket er slike kopolymerisater (A) i hvilke 5 til 15% av styrenet er erstattet med akrylnitril. Late. Thus, e.g. a copolymer of 60% by weight styrene, 38% by weight tert-butyl acrylate and 2% by weight acrylic acid a glass transition temperature that is above 30°C and is therefore not suitable as copolymer (A). On the other hand, copolymers (A) of 45 to 60% by weight acrylic acid n-butyl ester and/or acrylic acid isobutyl ester, 3.5 to 40% by weight styrene, 1 to 5% by weight acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid and 0.5 to 5% by weight of acrylic acid amide and/or methacrylic acid amide. Also preferred are such copolymers (A) in which 5 to 15% of the styrene is replaced by acrylonitrile.
Kopolymerisatene (A) fremstilles fortrinnsvis ved polymerisering av monomerene i vandig emulsjon efter vanlige fremgangsmåter, fremfor alt under gradvis tilløp av en del av total-ansatsen og Under anvendelse av de vanlige anioniske og/eller ikke-ionogene emulgeringsmidler. Egnede emulgeringsmidler er f.eks. n-dodecyl-sulfonsurt kalium, isooktylbenzensulfonsurt natrium, et med 20 til 30 mol etylenoksyd omsatt p-isooktylfenol eller natriumlaurat, hvilke i alminnelighet anvendes i mengder av ca. 0,1 til 5 vekt%, basert på monomerene. The copolymers (A) are preferably produced by polymerization of the monomers in an aqueous emulsion according to usual methods, above all during the gradual addition of part of the total batch and using the usual anionic and/or non-ionic emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers are e.g. n-dodecyl sulfonic acid potassium, isooctylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium, p-isooctylphenol reacted with 20 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide or sodium laurate, which are generally used in amounts of approx. 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers.
Som polymeriseringsinitiatorer kan herunder anvendes vanlige radikaldannende forbindelser, som peroksyder, persulfater, eller azoforbindelser av karboksylsyrer eller karboksyl syre-deri-vater , f.eks. kaliumpersulfat, kumolhydroperoksyd eller azodiiso-smørsyrediamid, i mengder mellom ca. 0,02 og 2 vekt%, basert på monomerene. Polymeriseringstemperaturene som anvendes ved fremstillingen av kopolymerisatene ligger i det vanlige område, dvs. i alminnelighet mellom 50 og 90°C. De kan ligge lavere når man ar-beider med redox-katalysatorer eller aktiverte initiatorsystemer, f.eks. med et'system av kaliumpersulfat og ascorbinsyre, hydroksy-metan-sulfinsurt natrium eller trietanolamin. Dispersjonene av kopolymerisatene (A) fremstilles fortrinnsvis i konsentrasjoner av 20 til 60 vekt% faststoffinnhold. Common radical-forming compounds, such as peroxides, persulphates, or azo compounds of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives, e.g. potassium persulfate, cumene hydroperoxide or azodiisobutyric acid diamide, in amounts between approx. 0.02 and 2% by weight, based on the monomers. The polymerization temperatures used in the production of the copolymers are in the usual range, i.e. generally between 50 and 90°C. They can be lower when working with redox catalysts or activated initiator systems, e.g. with a system of potassium persulphate and ascorbic acid, hydroxy-methane-sulfinic acid sodium or triethanolamine. The dispersions of the copolymers (A) are preferably prepared in concentrations of 20 to 60% by weight solids content.
Kopolymerisatene (B) skal i henhold til oppfinnelsen væ-re alkalioppløselige kopolymerisater med K-verdier over 40 til 90, av 45 til 92,5, fortrinnsvis 45 til 60 vekt% akrylsyrenretylester og 7,5 til 10 vekt% etylenisk umettede karboksylsyrer med 3 til 5 karbonatomer. Av de etylenisk umettede karboksylsyrer med 3 According to the invention, the copolymers (B) must be alkali-soluble copolymers with K values above 40 to 90, of 45 to 92.5, preferably 45 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid rethyl ester and 7.5 to 10% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 5 carbon atoms. Of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3
til 5 karbonatomer, som maleinsyre, fumarsyre, itakonsyre, metakrylsyre og krotonsyre, er særlig egnet akrylsyre og metakrylsyre. Det er også mulig å anvende blandinger av de nevnte monomerer ved fremstillingen av kopolymerisatene. Kopolymerisatene (B), som foruten de nevnte monomerer inneholder innpolymerisert inntil 5 vekt% akrylamid og/eller metakrylamid, foretrekkes, da de ved hjelp av disse fremstilte bestrykningsmasser har et særlig gunstig viskosi-tetsforhold. Dessuten er kopolymerisåtet (B), som inneholder innpolymerisert inntil 47,5 vekt% vinylacetat, av særlig interesse, to 5 carbon atoms, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are particularly suitable. It is also possible to use mixtures of the mentioned monomers in the preparation of the copolymers. The copolymers (B), which, in addition to the monomers mentioned, contain polymerized up to 5% by weight of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide, are preferred, as they have a particularly favorable viscosity ratio with the help of these produced coating compositions. In addition, the copolymer seed (B), which contains polymerized up to 47.5% by weight of vinyl acetate, is of particular interest,
da papirbestrykningsmasser som inneholder slike kopolymerisater kan forarbeides til papir hvis grep tilfredsstiller særlig høye krav. Det er videre mulig ved medanvendelse av 1 til 10 vekt% as paper coating compounds containing such copolymers can be processed into paper whose grip meets particularly high requirements. It is also possible by co-using 1 to 10% by weight
av de samlede monomerer av ytterligere vanlige monomerer, som styren, vinyltoluen, akrylnitril eller vinylpropionat, samt and- of the total monomers of further common monomers, such as styrene, vinyltoluene, acrylonitrile or vinylpropionate, as well as and-
re akryl- eller metakrylestere, som tert.-butylakrylat, 2-etylheksylakrylat og metakrylsyrenretylester, å variere egenskapene av ko- re acrylic or methacrylic esters, such as tert.-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methacrylic acid enrethyl ester, to vary the properties of co-
polymerisatene innen et snevert område og eventuelt videre tilpas-se de spesielle krav til bestrykningsmassene resp. de bestrøkede papirer. the polymers within a narrow area and possibly further adapt the special requirements for the coating compounds or the coated papers.
Kopolymerisatene (B) kan fremstilles på vanlig måte ved emulsjonspolymerisering eller videre ved polymerisering i oppløs-ning. Ved oppløsningspolymerisater må visstnok oppløsningsmidlene fraskilles. Det foretrekkes kopolymerisater (B) som er fremstilt ved polymerisering av monomerene i vandig emulsjon. Herunder kan anvendes de vanlige dispergeringsmidler og katalysatorer, som f. eks. de som ovenfor er nevnt for fremstillingen av kopolymerisatene (A). Dispersjonene av kopolymerisatene (B) inneholder fortrinnsvis 20 til 60 vektprosent av kopolymerisat (B). K-verdiene av kopolymerisatene (B) efter H. Fikentscher, "Cellulosechemie", 13 (1932), side 58 ff, målt i 1% vandig oppløsning med ammoniakk nøytralisert oppløsning, skal ligge over 40 og ikke over 90, fortrinnsvis mellom 50 og 70. I alminnelighet kan det oppnåes meget gode resultater med kopolymerisater (B) som oppviser K-verdier av 44 til 90. The copolymers (B) can be prepared in the usual way by emulsion polymerization or further by polymerization in solution. In the case of solution polymers, the solvents must apparently be separated. Copolymers (B) which are prepared by polymerizing the monomers in an aqueous emulsion are preferred. Here, the usual dispersants and catalysts can be used, such as e.g. those mentioned above for the production of the copolymers (A). The dispersions of the copolymers (B) preferably contain 20 to 60 percent by weight of copolymer (B). The K values of the copolymers (B) according to H. Fikentscher, "Cellulosechemie", 13 (1932), page 58 ff, measured in a 1% aqueous solution with ammonia neutralized solution, should be above 40 and not above 90, preferably between 50 and 70. In general, very good results can be achieved with copolymers (B) which exhibit K values of 44 to 90.
Papirbestrykningsmassene i henhold til oppfinnelsen inneholder en blanding av kopolymerisat (A) og kopolymerisat (B), hvorunder blandingen inneholder 10 til 50 vektprosent, basert på totalvekten av kopolymerisert (A) og (B), av kopolymerisatet (B). Fortrinnsvis anvendte blandinger inneholder 70 til 90 vekt% av kopolymerisat (A) foruten 10 til 30, særlig foruten 15 til 30 vekt% av kopolymerisat (B). Optimale er blandinger av kopolymerisatene (A) og (B) hvor andelen av kopolymerisat (B) andrar til 20 til 30 vekt%. The paper coating compounds according to the invention contain a mixture of copolymer (A) and copolymer (B), wherein the mixture contains 10 to 50 percent by weight, based on the total weight of copolymer (A) and (B), of the copolymer (B). Preferably used mixtures contain 70 to 90% by weight of copolymer (A) in addition to 10 to 30, especially in addition to 15 to 30% by weight of copolymer (B). Mixtures of the copolymers (A) and (B) are optimal, where the proportion of copolymer (B) varies from 20 to 30% by weight.
For oppnåelse av den ønskede tekniske effekt kan blandingsprosessen finne sted før eller under fremstillingen av bestrykningsmassen. Også rekkefølgen ved foreningen av komponente-ne av bestrykningsmassen er uten betydning for egenskapene av bestrykningsmassen eller det bestrøkede papir. Det er av fordel når de vandige dispersjoner av kopolymerisatene (A) og (B) før fremstillingen av bestrykningsmassen blandes i det ønskede mengdefor-hold og den ferdige blanding oppbevares. De to dispersjoner er nemlig i fremragende grad forlikelige med hverandre, særlig når begge dispersjoner sammenblandes slik som de fåes ved den vanlige emulsjonspolymerisering og når de i kopolymerisatet inneholdte karboksylgrupper ikke er nøytralisert før blandingsprosessen. Blandingene, er.stabile og!kan lett fremstilles med en konsentrasjon inntil et faststoffinnhold av over 50 vekt%. De forblir tyntfly-tende inntil man ved tilsetning av en base, som ammoniakk eller natriumkarbonat, nøytraliserer de tilstedeværende karboksylgrupper. Utfører man nøytraliseringen først når alle andeler av bestrykningsmassen foruten alkaliet er homogent blandet med hverandre , så har man den fordel at man ikke behøver å befordre noen høy-viskøse stoffer. To achieve the desired technical effect, the mixing process can take place before or during the production of the coating compound. Also, the order in which the components of the coating mass are combined is of no importance for the properties of the coating mass or the coated paper. It is advantageous when the aqueous dispersions of the copolymers (A) and (B) are mixed in the desired quantity ratio before the production of the coating mass and the finished mixture is stored. The two dispersions are, to an excellent degree, compatible with each other, especially when both dispersions are mixed as they are obtained by the usual emulsion polymerization and when the carboxyl groups contained in the copolymer are not neutralized before the mixing process. The mixtures are stable and can easily be prepared with a concentration of up to a solids content of over 50% by weight. They remain thin-flowing until, by adding a base, such as ammonia or sodium carbonate, the carboxyl groups present are neutralized. If you carry out the neutralization only when all parts of the coating mass apart from the alkali are homogeneously mixed with each other, then you have the advantage that you do not need to convey any highly viscous substances.
Polymerisatblåndingen som i alminnelighet anvendes i form av dens vandige dispersjon, er et fremragende bindemiddel for papirbestrykningsmasser. Papirbestrykningsmassene fremstilles før bestrykningen på i og for seg kjent måte ved blanding av bindemid-let resp. blandingen av de vandige dispersjoner av kopolymerisatene (A) og (B) med fyllstoffer, særlig med leire eller titandioksyd og eventuelt andre hjelpestoffer. Eksempler på slike hjelpestoffer er vannoppløselige amino-plastharpikser, hvis tilstedeværelse kan ha til følge en ytterligere forbedring av bestrykningens vannfasthet. Papirbestrykningsmassene kan nøytraliseres ved tilsetning av alkali-, f.eks. natrium- eller kaliumhydroksyd, fortrinnsvis ammoniakk. Tilsetningen av slike alkalisk reagerende stoffer til papirbestrykningsmassene finner for det meste sted i form av vandige oppløsninger av disse stoffer. The polymer mixture, which is generally used in the form of its aqueous dispersion, is an excellent binder for paper coating compounds. The paper coating compounds are prepared before coating in a manner known per se by mixing the binder or the mixture of the aqueous dispersions of the copolymers (A) and (B) with fillers, in particular with clay or titanium dioxide and possibly other auxiliaries. Examples of such auxiliary substances are water-soluble amino-plastic resins, the presence of which can result in a further improvement of the coating's water resistance. The paper coating compounds can be neutralized by adding alkali, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide, preferably ammonia. The addition of such alkaline-reactive substances to the paper coating compounds mostly takes place in the form of aqueous solutions of these substances.
Papirbestrykningsmassene i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan påføres råpapiret efter vanlige fremgangsmåter. De har særlig fordelaktige rheologiske egenskaper og særlig en høy skjærestabilitet, som f.eks. muliggjør en god forarbeidelse efter den teknisk særlig enkle valsebestrykningsprosess. De utmerker seg dessuten ved en særlig jevn påføring, særlig god vannfasthet og glatthet samt en høy avrivningsfasthet eller avgnidningsfasthet av det ferdige strøk. Fremfor alt utmerker de seg dessuten ved en særlig stor vannretensjon. Disse fordelaktige egenskaper ved bestrykningsmassene kunne ikke forutsees. The paper coating compounds according to the invention can be applied to the raw paper according to usual methods. They have particularly advantageous rheological properties and in particular a high cutting stability, which e.g. enables good processing after the technically particularly simple roller coating process. They are also distinguished by a particularly even application, particularly good water resistance and smoothness, as well as a high tear resistance or abrasion resistance of the finished coat. Above all, they are also characterized by a particularly high water retention. These advantageous properties of the coating compounds could not be foreseen.
Således viser papirbestrykningsmasser som foruten kopolymerisatene (A) inneholder andre kopolymerisater, hvis sammen-setning eller K-verdi imidlertid ligger noe utenfor de for kopolymerisatene (B) angitte grenser, ikke de fordelaktige egenskaper, særlig med hensyn til vannretensjon og forarbeidbarhet, som papirbestrykningsmassene i henhold til oppfinnelsen oppviser (sam-menlignet hertil sammenligningsforsøkene (a) og (b) med eksemple-ne) . Thus, paper coating compounds which, in addition to the copolymers (A), contain other copolymers, whose composition or K value, however, lie somewhat outside the limits specified for the copolymers (B), do not show the advantageous properties, particularly with regard to water retention and processability, that the paper coating compounds in according to the invention exhibits (compared to this the comparison experiments (a) and (b) with the examples).
Vannretensjon av bestcykningsmassene i ek^empie; nåles som følger: I 1 kg bestrykningsmasse innrøres 2 g av det /annopp-løselige, sure farvestoff ektsyrefiolett ARRR konsentrert. Man på-legger da et ulimet filtrerpapir. Strykemassens serum gjennomfuk-ter eller gjennomtrenger filtrerpapiret i henhold til vannretensjonen, og papiroverflaten farves i overensstemmelse hermed. Som mål for vannretensjonen angis,tiden i sekunder som forløper inntil lys-remisjonen av overflaten av filtrerpapiret er falt til 40% av en magnesiumoksyd-standard (måleapparat Elrepho, filter nr. 8). Water retention of the bestcycling masses in ek^empie; applied as follows: In 1 kg of coating material, stir in 2 g of the /annopp-soluble, acidic dye ect acid violet ARRR concentrated. An unglued filter paper is then applied. The serum of the ironing mass moistens or penetrates the filter paper according to the water retention, and the paper surface is colored accordingly. As a measure of the water retention, the time in seconds that elapses until the light emission of the surface of the filter paper has fallen to 40% of a magnesium oxide standard (measuring device Elrepho, filter no. 8).
I de følgende eksempler angis det deler og prosentangi-velser basert på vekt. De angitte viskositetsverdier i centipoise (cp) måles ved 20°C med Brookfield-viskosimeteret ved 100 omdr/min. Eksempel 1 In the following examples, parts and percentages based on weight are given. The stated viscosity values in centipoise (cp) are measured at 20°C with the Brookfield viscometer at 100 rpm. Example 1
100 deler bestrykningsleire dispergeres med en hurtigrø-rer i 44 deler vann i hvilket er oppløst 0,2 deler natriumheksame-tafosfat og 0,15 deler natriumhydroksyd. I denne blanding innrø-res 7 deler av et kopolymerisat (A) av 67% n-butylakrylat, 15% styren, 15% akrylnitril, 2% metakrylamid og 1% akrylsyre som en 50 % vandig dispersjon og 3 deler av et kopolymerisat (B) av 92,5% metylakrylat og 7,5% akrylsyre som 40% vandig dispersjon. Kopolymerisatet (B) har K-verdien 68 (målt i tetrahydrofuran). Strykemassens pH-verdi innstilles med konsentrert ammoniakkoppløsning på 100 parts of coating clay are dispersed with a rapid stirrer in 44 parts of water in which 0.2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate and 0.15 parts of sodium hydroxide are dissolved. 7 parts of a copolymer (A) of 67% n-butyl acrylate, 15% styrene, 15% acrylonitrile, 2% methacrylamide and 1% acrylic acid are stirred into this mixture as a 50% aqueous dispersion and 3 parts of a copolymer (B ) of 92.5% methyl acrylate and 7.5% acrylic acid as a 40% aqueous dispersion. The copolymer (B) has a K value of 68 (measured in tetrahydrofuran). The ironing compound's pH value is adjusted with a concentrated ammonia solution
8,5 og det tilsettes så meget vann at viskositeten andrar til 1035 cp. Faststoffinnholdet andrar til 54,5%, vannretensjonen til 37 sekunder. 8.5 and so much water is added that the viscosity changes to 1035 cp. The solids content changes to 54.5%, the water retention to 37 seconds.
Med en skrapestav påføres en bestrykning av 20 g/m på tremasse-holdig bestrykningsråpapir. Efter en satinering gjennom-ført ved to gangers passering av papiret gjennom høyglansvalser ved 60°C ligger trykkbarhetsgrensen (målt efter IGT-metoden) ved 17 3 cm/sekunder. With a scraping stick, a coating of 20 g/m is applied to wood pulp-containing coating raw paper. After a satin finish carried out by passing the paper twice through high-gloss rollers at 60°C, the printability limit (measured according to the IGT method) is 17 3 cm/seconds.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Som angitt i eksempel 1 fremstilles en bestrykningsmas- As indicated in example 1, a coating mass is produced
se som istedenfor det der angitte kopolymerisat (B) inneholder et kopolymerisat av 46% metylakrylat, 46,5% vinylacetat og 7,5% akrylsyre samt 40% dispersjon. Polymerisatet har i tetrahydrofuran K-verdien 44,1. Ved en viskositet av 1040 cp andrar faststoffinnholdet til 54,5% og vannretensjonen til 55 sekunder. Trykkbarhetsgrensen av en bestrykning ligger under de i eksempel 1 angitte betingelser ved 132 cm/sekunder. see that instead of the stated copolymer (B) contains a copolymer of 46% methyl acrylate, 46.5% vinyl acetate and 7.5% acrylic acid as well as 40% dispersion. The polymer has a K value of 44.1 in tetrahydrofuran. At a viscosity of 1040 cp, the solids content changes to 54.5% and the water retention to 55 seconds. The printability limit of a coating lies under the conditions stated in example 1 at 132 cm/seconds.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Komponent B er den samme som angitt i eksempel 2, mens kopolymerisat (A) i bestrykningsmassen inneholder et kopolymerisat av 58% n-butylakrylat, 40% styren og 2% metakrylsyre. Ved en viskositet av 950 cp andrar faststoffinnholdet til 56,6% og vannretensjonen til 42 sekunder. Trykkbarhetsgrensen av en bestrykning ligger under i eksempel 1 angitte betingelser ved 142 cm/sekunder. Component B is the same as stated in example 2, while copolymer (A) in the coating mass contains a copolymer of 58% n-butyl acrylate, 40% styrene and 2% methacrylic acid. At a viscosity of 950 cp, the solids content changes to 56.6% and the water retention to 42 seconds. The printability limit of a coating is under the conditions stated in example 1 at 142 cm/seconds.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Som angitt i eksempel 1 fremstilles en bestrykningsmasse som inneholder 9 deler av det der angitte kopolymerisat (A) og 1 del av et kopolymerisat (B) av K-verdi 45 av 46% metylakrylat, 45,5% vinylacetat og 7,5% akrylsyre, som 40%'s vandig dispersjon. Bestrykningsmassen har et faststoffinnhold av 58%, en viskositet As stated in example 1, a coating compound is prepared which contains 9 parts of the copolymer (A) indicated there and 1 part of a copolymer (B) of K-value 45 of 46% methyl acrylate, 45.5% vinyl acetate and 7.5% acrylic acid , as the 40% aqueous dispersion. The coating compound has a solids content of 58%, a viscosity
av 950 cp og vannretensjonen er 44 sekunder. Trykkbarhetsgrensen av en bestrykning ligger under de i eksempel 1 angitte betingelser ved 107 cm/sek. of 950 cp and the water retention is 44 seconds. The printability limit of a coating lies under the conditions stated in example 1 at 107 cm/sec.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Som angitt i eksempel 1 fremstilles en bestrykningsmasse som inneholder 8,5 deler av et kopolymerisat (A) av 75% n-butylakrylat, 22% akrylnitril, 2% metakrylamid og 1% akrylsyre og 1,5 deler av et kopolymerisat (B) av K-verdi 66 av 82% metylakrylat, As indicated in example 1, a coating composition is prepared which contains 8.5 parts of a copolymer (A) of 75% n-butyl acrylate, 22% acrylonitrile, 2% methacrylamide and 1% acrylic acid and 1.5 parts of a copolymer (B) of K value 66 of 82% methyl acrylate,
10% vinylpropionat og 8% akrylsyre, som 40%'s vandig dispersjon. Bestrykningsmassen har ved et faststoffinnhold av 57% en viskositet av 1020 cp. Dens vannretensjon andrar til 42 sek. Trykkbar-hetsgrensen av en bestrykning ligger under de i eksempel 1 angitte betingelser ved 164 cm/sek. 10% vinyl propionate and 8% acrylic acid, as 40% aqueous dispersion. At a solids content of 57%, the coating compound has a viscosity of 1020 cp. Its water retention varies to 42 sec. The printability limit of a coating lies below the conditions stated in example 1 at 164 cm/sec.
Sammenlign ings for søk Compare ings for search
a) For sammenligning med bestrykningsmassene i henhold til oppfinnelsen anvendes istedenfor kopolymerisatet (B) et kopolymerisat av 25% etylakrylat, 50% metylmetakryl at og 25% metakrylsyre av K-verdi 109 som en 30% vandig dispersjon. Ved en viskositet av 1025 cp andrar faststoffinnholdet bare til 41,8% og vannretensjonen til 80 sekunder. Trykkbarhetsgrensen ligger under de i eksempel 1 angitte betingelser ved 81 cm/sekunder. Faststoffinnholdet og avrivningsfastheten eller avslipningsfastheten ligger betydelig lavere enn ved bestrykningsmassene i henhold til oppfinnelsen . b) Anvender man et kopolymerisat (B) av den samme sammen-setning som imidlertid har K-verdien 68, så andrar faststoffinnholdet ved en viskositet av 970 cp tii 5^/o, vannretens jonen til bare 19 sekunder og trykkbarhetsgrersen til 140 cm/sekund. I ere tilfelle er vannretensjonen fullstendig utilstrekkelig.. a) For comparison with the coating compositions according to the invention, instead of the copolymer (B), a copolymer of 25% ethyl acrylate, 50% methyl methacrylate and 25% methacrylic acid of K-value 109 is used as a 30% aqueous dispersion. At a viscosity of 1025 cp, the solids content only changes to 41.8% and the water retention to 80 seconds. The printability limit lies below the conditions stated in example 1 at 81 cm/seconds. The solids content and tear-off resistance or sanding-off resistance are significantly lower than with the coating compounds according to the invention. b) If one uses a copolymer (B) of the same composition, which however has a K-value of 68, then the solids content changes at a viscosity of 970 cp tii 5^/o, the water retention time to only 19 seconds and the compressibility margin to 140 cm/ second. In your case, the water retention is completely inadequate.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DEB0090814 | 1967-01-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO124493B true NO124493B (en) | 1972-04-24 |
Family
ID=6985492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO23568A NO124493B (en) | 1967-01-20 | 1968-01-19 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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CH (1) | CH524015A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1696167C3 (en) |
DK (1) | DK120677B (en) |
FI (1) | FI47400C (en) |
FR (1) | FR1551482A (en) |
NO (1) | NO124493B (en) |
SE (1) | SE323282B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1175166B (en) * | 1956-08-07 | 1964-07-30 | Hans Hannover | Webbing |
DE1125378B (en) * | 1958-09-05 | 1962-03-15 | Hans Joachim Millahn Dr | Trouser or skirt waistband |
FR2392167A1 (en) | 1977-05-23 | 1978-12-22 | Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq | PAPER COATING COMPOSITIONS |
EP0024301B1 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1984-03-14 | Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Bührle AG | Process for manufacturing bevel and hypoid gear pairs |
DE4442729A1 (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-06-05 | Basf Ag | Binder for paper coating slips containing alkenyl nitrile |
-
1967
- 1967-01-20 DE DE19671696167 patent/DE1696167C3/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-01-15 FR FR1551482D patent/FR1551482A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-01-15 FI FI9268A patent/FI47400C/en active
- 1968-01-19 NO NO23568A patent/NO124493B/no unknown
- 1968-01-19 DK DK21068A patent/DK120677B/en unknown
- 1968-01-19 CH CH83368A patent/CH524015A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-01-19 SE SE74768A patent/SE323282B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE1696167A1 (en) | 1971-11-18 |
DK120677B (en) | 1971-06-28 |
FR1551482A (en) | 1968-12-27 |
CH524015A (en) | 1972-06-15 |
FI47400C (en) | 1973-11-12 |
DE1696167B2 (en) | 1974-08-29 |
DE1696167C3 (en) | 1975-05-15 |
FI47400B (en) | 1973-07-31 |
SE323282B (en) | 1970-04-27 |
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