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NO119440B - - Google Patents

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Publication number
NO119440B
NO119440B NO682405A NO240568A NO119440B NO 119440 B NO119440 B NO 119440B NO 682405 A NO682405 A NO 682405A NO 240568 A NO240568 A NO 240568A NO 119440 B NO119440 B NO 119440B
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
dialysis fluid
dialysis
deaerator
dialyzer
negative pressure
Prior art date
Application number
NO682405A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Inventor
Vilgot Raymond Nilsson
Original Assignee
Sievert Ab Max
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sievert Ab Max filed Critical Sievert Ab Max
Publication of NO119440B publication Critical patent/NO119440B/no

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D19/00Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/1658Degasification

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Description

Fremgangsmåte og apparat for avgassing av Method and apparatus for degassing of

dialysevæske for blod, før dialysen, ved hjelp dialysis fluid for blood, before dialysis, using

av undertrykk. of negative pressure.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår avgassing-av- dialysevæske for blod, for dialysen, ved hjelp av undertrykk. The present invention relates to the degassing of dialysis fluid for blood, for dialysis, by means of negative pressure.

Ved såkalte kunstige nyrer, som har til oppgave å fjerne urinstoff fra blodet hos personer med dårlig nyrefunksjon, anvendes en dialyse-væske som vanlig tilberedes av oppvarmet lédningsvann, hvori det loses glykose og natriumklorid. For With so-called artificial kidneys, which have the task of removing urea from the blood of people with poor kidney function, a dialysis fluid is used which is usually prepared from heated tap water, in which glucose and sodium chloride are dissolved. For

å gjore dialysen effektiv og for å unngå at luft kommer inn i blodet under dialysen, som utfores under undertrykk, avluftes dialyse-væsken. Hvis luft skiller seg ut fra dialyse-væsken under dialysen, dannes en hinne av luft på dialyse-membranen, to make the dialysis effective and to prevent air from entering the blood during the dialysis, which is carried out under negative pressure, the dialysis fluid is deaerated. If air separates from the dialysis fluid during dialysis, a film of air forms on the dialysis membrane,

hvilket hemmer dialyseprosessen. Videre kan luft trenge gjennom membranen og fore små luftbobler inn i blodet, hvilket kan skade pasienten alvorlig. Avluftingen har hittil foregått under atmosfæretrykk i en beholder, hvor luftbobler som er frigjort fra vannet, har fått skille seg ut og er fort bort fra beholderen. Det luftfri vann er deretter utnyttet for tilberedning av dialyse-væske. Det har inidlertid vist seg at til tross for disse forsiktighetstiltak har tilstanden for pasienter i visse tilfeller vist seg å bli dårligere enn ventet, uten at årsaken har vært klar. which inhibits the dialysis process. Furthermore, air can penetrate the membrane and introduce small air bubbles into the blood, which can seriously harm the patient. The deaeration has so far taken place under atmospheric pressure in a container, where air bubbles that have been released from the water have been allowed to separate and are quickly removed from the container. The air-free water is then used for the preparation of dialysis fluid. It has, however, been shown that despite these precautions, the condition of patients in certain cases has turned out to be worse than expected, without the cause being clear.

Ved de undersokelær som ligger til grunn for foreliggende oppfinnelse har det vist seg at pasientens tilstand har undergått en sterk forbedring hvis dialyse-væsken avluftes under undertrykk, passende tilsvarende et absolutt trykk lavere enn 500 mm Hg. Årsaken til pasientens forbedrede tilstand kan oyensynelig ses i det forhold at ved avlufting av dialyse-væsken under undertrykk unngås det at det ved det undertrykk som hersker i dialysatoren dannes mikroskopisk små luftbobler, som kan trenge gjennom dialyse-membranen og blande seg i blodet. Disse små, for oyet usynlige luftbobler, er imidlertid tilstrekkelige til å skade pasienten. Eliminering av risikoen for dannelse av slike mikroskopisk små luftbobler har fort til at personalbehovet for pasient-overvåking er minsket til en brokdel av det som tidligere var nodvendig. In the case of the studies that form the basis of the present invention, it has been shown that the patient's condition has undergone a strong improvement if the dialysis fluid is deaerated under negative pressure, suitably corresponding to an absolute pressure lower than 500 mm Hg. The reason for the patient's improved condition can clearly be seen in the fact that by venting the dialysis fluid under negative pressure, it is avoided that microscopically small air bubbles are formed at the negative pressure that prevails in the dialyzer, which can penetrate the dialysis membrane and mix with the blood. However, these small air bubbles, invisible to the eye, are sufficient to harm the patient. Eliminating the risk of formation of such microscopically small air bubbles has quickly reduced the staffing requirement for patient monitoring to a fraction of what was previously necessary.

En ytterligere fordel med oppfinnelsen har også vist seg å være A further advantage of the invention has also been shown to be

at dialyseeffektiviteten okes. Dette beror oyensynlig på at avluftingen i henhold til oppfinnelsen mer effektivt enn tidligere forhindrer dannelse av en lufthinne på membranen, hvorved dialysen kommer til å foregå hurtigere. that dialysis efficiency is increased. This is apparently due to the fact that the deaeration according to the invention more effectively than previously prevents the formation of an air film on the membrane, whereby the dialysis will take place more quickly.

I henhold til oppfinnelsen utfores avluftingen av dialyse-væsken ved et undertrykk som er lik det undertrykk under hvilket dialysen utfores, og dialysevæsken bringes under avluftingen til å According to the invention, the deaeration of the dialysis fluid is carried out at a negative pressure which is equal to the negative pressure under which the dialysis is carried out, and the dialysis fluid is brought during the deaeration to

passere et filter som agglomerer luftbobler som er skilt ut fra dialysevæsken. Det sikres herved at ingen luft kan skille seg ut fra dialysevæsken ved dialysen. pass a filter that agglomerates air bubbles separated from the dialysis fluid. This ensures that no air can separate from the dialysis fluid during dialysis.

Oppfinnelsen omfatter også et apparat for utforelse av fremgangsmåten. Dette apparat omfatter en dialysator som er innrettet til for å passeres dels av blod, dels av dialyse-vseske, samt en avlufter som er satt inn i stromningsveien for dialysevæsken foran dialysatoren og er tilsluttet en kilde for undertrykk. Det særegne ved apparatet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er en anordning som holder et absolutt trykk i avlufteren som er lik det absolutte trykk i dialysevæskerommet i dialysatoren, idet avlufteren er utstyrt med et filter som er satt inn i stromningsveien for dialysevæsken og har evne til å agglomerere luftbobler. The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method. This apparatus comprises a dialyzer which is designed to pass partly blood and partly dialysis fluid, as well as a deaerator which is inserted into the flow path for the dialysis fluid in front of the dialyzer and is connected to a source of negative pressure. The peculiarity of the apparatus according to the invention is a device that maintains an absolute pressure in the deaerator that is equal to the absolute pressure in the dialysate fluid compartment in the dialyzer, the deaerator being equipped with a filter that is inserted in the flow path for the dialysis fluid and has the ability to agglomerate air bubbles.

Oppfinnelsen skal nå beskrives nærmere under henvisning til vedfoyde tegning, hvor figur 1 skjematisk viser et apparat for utforelse av den foreliggende fremgangsmåte for dialyse, figur 2 viser et delsnitt gjennom selve dialysatoren og figur 3 viser et loddrett snitt gjennom avlufteren som arbeider under undertrykk. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing, where figure 1 schematically shows an apparatus for carrying out the present method for dialysis, figure 2 shows a section through the dialyzer itself and figure 3 shows a vertical section through the deaerator which works under negative pressure.

På tegningen betegner 1 en ledning for tilforsel-av koldtvann fra f.eks. en vanlig vannledning. I vanntillopet er det satt inn en ventil 2 for å holde et konstant trykk på utlopssiden. Etter ventilen 2 er det satt inn en strupeskive 3 og en oppvarmings-innretning h samt et termometer 5. Det oppvarmete vann fores inn i en avlufter 6 hvor luftbobler under atmosfæretrykk frigjbr seg fra vannet. Disse luftbobler avgår sammen med overskuddsvann gjennom en stromningsmåler 7 til et overlop 8 som munner ut i en avløpsledning 9. Vannet fra avlufteren 6 går deretter til et blandekar 10, som tilfores en konsentrert vandig opplosning av glykose og natriumklorid fra en beholder 11.. Den konsentrerte opplosning fores frem ved hjelp av en pumpe 12, som drives av samme motoraksel som en pumpe 13. Fra beholderen 10 går den fremstilte dialyse-væske videre gjennom en ledningsevnemåler 1 *+ som anviser passende konsentrasjon i dialyse-væsken. Ved hjelp av en ventil 15 innstilles passende undertrykk i en dialysator 16. Gjennom denne ledes blod i kretslop fra det ene ben 17 på en pasient. Mellom dialysatoren 16 og pumpen 13 er det satt inn en vakuummåler 19. Luft som er skilt ut i avlufteren 18 avgår gjennom en ventil 20 som periodevis automatisk åpnes til sugesiden av pumpen 13, som vekselvis transporterer den utskilte luft til avløpsledningen 9, og suger dialysevæske fra avlufteren 18 gjennom en ventil 21, som stenger når ventilen 20 åpner, In the drawing, 1 denotes a line for the supply of cold water from e.g. an ordinary water pipe. A valve 2 has been inserted in the water inlet to maintain a constant pressure on the outlet side. After the valve 2, a throat plate 3 and a heating device h as well as a thermometer 5 have been inserted. The heated water is fed into a deaerator 6 where air bubbles are released from the water under atmospheric pressure. These air bubbles leave together with excess water through a flow meter 7 to an overflow 8 which opens into a drain pipe 9. The water from the deaerator 6 then goes to a mixing vessel 10, which is supplied with a concentrated aqueous solution of glucose and sodium chloride from a container 11. concentrated solution is fed forward by means of a pump 12, which is driven by the same motor shaft as a pump 13. From the container 10, the produced dialysis fluid continues through a conductivity meter 1 *+ which indicates the appropriate concentration in the dialysis fluid. With the help of a valve 15, suitable negative pressure is set in a dialyzer 16. Through this, blood is led in a circuit from one leg 17 of a patient. A vacuum gauge 19 has been inserted between the dialyzer 16 and the pump 13. Air separated in the deaerator 18 leaves through a valve 20 which is periodically automatically opened to the suction side of the pump 13, which alternately transports the separated air to the drain line 9, and sucks dialysis fluid from the deaerator 18 through a valve 21, which closes when the valve 20 opens,

gjennom dialysatoren 16. Den urinstoffblandede dialysevæske fores også ved hjelp av pumpen 13 ut i avlopsledningen 9. through the dialyzer 16. The urea-mixed dialysis fluid is also fed with the aid of the pump 13 into the drain line 9.

Som vist i fig. 2 består dialysatoren 16 av et hus,h7is vegger As shown in fig. 2, the dialyzer 16 consists of a house, the walls of which are

22 f.eks. består av polypropylen. I huset finnes to membraner 22 e.g. consists of polypropylene. There are two membranes in the house

23 av regenerert cellulbse mellom hvilket blodet strommer frem. Dialyse-væsken strommer gjennom de to mellomrom 2h mellom 23 of regenerated cellulbse between which the blood flows forward. The dialysis fluid flows through the two spaces 2h between

veggene 22 og membranen 23. the walls 22 and the membrane 23.

Fig. 3 viser avlufteren 18 mer detaljert. I dens bunn er det anordnet et innlop 25 for den dialyse-væske som skal avluftes. Fig. 3 shows the deaerator 18 in more detail. At its bottom, an inlet 25 is arranged for the dialysis fluid to be vented.

Ovenfor bunnen er det anbragt et filter 26 av f.eks. polyetylen- A filter 26 of e.g. polyethylene

svamp. Over filteret er det anbragt en konisk plate 27 som samler luftboblene og slipper dem ut gjennom toppen til et luftavlop 28 som forer til sugesiden for pumpen 13. Avluftet væske strommer fra flatetoppen ned til et avlop 29 som forer til dialysatoren ,16. sponge. A conical plate 27 is placed above the filter which collects the air bubbles and releases them through the top to an air drain 28 which leads to the suction side of the pump 13. Deaerated liquid flows from the surface top down to a drain 29 which leads to the dialyzer 16.

Claims (3)

1. Fremgangsmåte for avgassing av dialysevæske for blod, for dialysen, ved hjelp av undertrykk, karakterisert ved at undertrykket er lik det undertrykk under hvilket dialysen utfores, og at dialysevæsken under avluftingen bringes til å passere et filter (26) som agglomerer luftbobler som er skilt ut fra dialysevæsken.1. Procedure for degassing dialysis fluid for blood, for the dialysis, using negative pressure, characterized by the oppression being equal to it negative pressure under which the dialysis is carried out, and that the dialysis fluid during deaeration is made to pass a filter (26) which agglomerate air bubbles separated from the dialysis fluid. 2. Apparat for utforelse av den fremgangsmåte som er angitt i krav 1, omfattende en dialysator (16) som er innrettet til å passeres dels av blod og dels av dialysevæske, samt en avlufter (18) som er satt inn i stromningsveien for dialysevæsken foran dialysatoren og er tilsluttet en kilde (13) for undertrykk, karakterisert ved en anordning (13, 20, 21) som holder et absolutt trykk i avlufteren (18) som er lik det absolutte trykk i dialysevæskerommet i dialysatoren (16), idet avlufteren (18) er utrustet med et filter (26) som er satt inn i stromningsveien for dialysevæsken og har evne til å agglomerere luftbobler.2. Apparatus for carrying out the method stated in claim 1, comprising a dialyzer (16) which is arranged to is passed partly by blood and partly by dialysis fluid, as well as a deaerator (18) which is inserted into the flow path for the dialysis fluid at the front the dialyzer and is connected to a source (13) for negative pressure, characterized by a device (13, 20, 21) which maintains an absolute pressure in the deaerator (18) which is equal to the absolute pressure in the dialysis fluid space in the dialyzer (16), the deaerator ( 18) is equipped with a filter (26) which is inserted into the flow path for the dialysis fluid and has the ability to agglomerate air bubbles. 3. Apparat som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at stromningsveien for dialysevæsken smalner av fra oversiden av filteret (26) i retning mot luftavlopet (28) fra avlufteren (18). •+. Apparat som angitt i krav 2 og 3? karakterisert ved ventiler (20) og (21) samt en pumpe (13) for periodevis fjernelse av den luft som er dannet i toppen av avlufteren (18).3. Apparatus as specified in claim 2, characterized in that the flow path for the dialysis fluid narrows from the upper side of the filter (26) in the direction towards the air drain (28) from the deaerator (18). •+. Apparatus as stated in claims 2 and 3? characterized by valves (20) and (21) as well as a pump (13) for periodically removing the air that is formed at the top of the deaerator (18).
NO682405A 1967-06-21 1968-06-19 NO119440B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8786/67A SE321309B (en) 1967-06-21 1967-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO119440B true NO119440B (en) 1970-05-19

Family

ID=20275026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO682405A NO119440B (en) 1967-06-21 1968-06-19

Country Status (5)

Country Link
DE (1) DE1766588A1 (en)
DK (1) DK115946B (en)
GB (1) GB1191586A (en)
NO (1) NO119440B (en)
SE (1) SE321309B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2237639A1 (en) * 1973-07-20 1975-02-14 Gensollen Yves Degasser for artificial kidney dialysis liquid - senses growing gas vol. in degasser to actuate connection with vacuum system
SE8306574L (en) * 1983-11-29 1985-05-30 Gambro Lundia Ab DEVICE FOR AIR FLUID
US5350357A (en) * 1993-03-03 1994-09-27 Deka Products Limited Partnership Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pumping cassette that emulates gravity flow
EP0643591B1 (en) * 1993-03-03 1998-09-09 Deka Products Limited Partnership Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pump cassette with self-contained air isolation and removal
US5431626A (en) * 1993-03-03 1995-07-11 Deka Products Limited Partnership Liquid pumping mechanisms for peritoneal dialysis systems employing fluid pressure
US10086314B2 (en) 2015-03-19 2018-10-02 Helgesen Industries, Inc. Fluid storage reservoir with flow dynamic fluid management and hydronucleation
JP7022927B2 (en) * 2017-12-25 2022-02-21 澁谷工業株式会社 Deaerator
DE102018107895A1 (en) 2018-04-04 2019-10-10 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh dialysis machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1191586A (en) 1970-05-13
SE321309B (en) 1970-03-02
DK115946B (en) 1969-11-24
DE1766588A1 (en) 1971-08-05

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