NO119440B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO119440B NO119440B NO682405A NO240568A NO119440B NO 119440 B NO119440 B NO 119440B NO 682405 A NO682405 A NO 682405A NO 240568 A NO240568 A NO 240568A NO 119440 B NO119440 B NO 119440B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- dialysis fluid
- dialysis
- deaerator
- dialyzer
- negative pressure
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010040007 Sense of oppression Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/0042—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
- A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
- A61M1/1658—Degasification
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte og apparat for avgassing av Method and apparatus for degassing of
dialysevæske for blod, før dialysen, ved hjelp dialysis fluid for blood, before dialysis, using
av undertrykk. of negative pressure.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår avgassing-av- dialysevæske for blod, for dialysen, ved hjelp av undertrykk. The present invention relates to the degassing of dialysis fluid for blood, for dialysis, by means of negative pressure.
Ved såkalte kunstige nyrer, som har til oppgave å fjerne urinstoff fra blodet hos personer med dårlig nyrefunksjon, anvendes en dialyse-væske som vanlig tilberedes av oppvarmet lédningsvann, hvori det loses glykose og natriumklorid. For With so-called artificial kidneys, which have the task of removing urea from the blood of people with poor kidney function, a dialysis fluid is used which is usually prepared from heated tap water, in which glucose and sodium chloride are dissolved. For
å gjore dialysen effektiv og for å unngå at luft kommer inn i blodet under dialysen, som utfores under undertrykk, avluftes dialyse-væsken. Hvis luft skiller seg ut fra dialyse-væsken under dialysen, dannes en hinne av luft på dialyse-membranen, to make the dialysis effective and to prevent air from entering the blood during the dialysis, which is carried out under negative pressure, the dialysis fluid is deaerated. If air separates from the dialysis fluid during dialysis, a film of air forms on the dialysis membrane,
hvilket hemmer dialyseprosessen. Videre kan luft trenge gjennom membranen og fore små luftbobler inn i blodet, hvilket kan skade pasienten alvorlig. Avluftingen har hittil foregått under atmosfæretrykk i en beholder, hvor luftbobler som er frigjort fra vannet, har fått skille seg ut og er fort bort fra beholderen. Det luftfri vann er deretter utnyttet for tilberedning av dialyse-væske. Det har inidlertid vist seg at til tross for disse forsiktighetstiltak har tilstanden for pasienter i visse tilfeller vist seg å bli dårligere enn ventet, uten at årsaken har vært klar. which inhibits the dialysis process. Furthermore, air can penetrate the membrane and introduce small air bubbles into the blood, which can seriously harm the patient. The deaeration has so far taken place under atmospheric pressure in a container, where air bubbles that have been released from the water have been allowed to separate and are quickly removed from the container. The air-free water is then used for the preparation of dialysis fluid. It has, however, been shown that despite these precautions, the condition of patients in certain cases has turned out to be worse than expected, without the cause being clear.
Ved de undersokelær som ligger til grunn for foreliggende oppfinnelse har det vist seg at pasientens tilstand har undergått en sterk forbedring hvis dialyse-væsken avluftes under undertrykk, passende tilsvarende et absolutt trykk lavere enn 500 mm Hg. Årsaken til pasientens forbedrede tilstand kan oyensynelig ses i det forhold at ved avlufting av dialyse-væsken under undertrykk unngås det at det ved det undertrykk som hersker i dialysatoren dannes mikroskopisk små luftbobler, som kan trenge gjennom dialyse-membranen og blande seg i blodet. Disse små, for oyet usynlige luftbobler, er imidlertid tilstrekkelige til å skade pasienten. Eliminering av risikoen for dannelse av slike mikroskopisk små luftbobler har fort til at personalbehovet for pasient-overvåking er minsket til en brokdel av det som tidligere var nodvendig. In the case of the studies that form the basis of the present invention, it has been shown that the patient's condition has undergone a strong improvement if the dialysis fluid is deaerated under negative pressure, suitably corresponding to an absolute pressure lower than 500 mm Hg. The reason for the patient's improved condition can clearly be seen in the fact that by venting the dialysis fluid under negative pressure, it is avoided that microscopically small air bubbles are formed at the negative pressure that prevails in the dialyzer, which can penetrate the dialysis membrane and mix with the blood. However, these small air bubbles, invisible to the eye, are sufficient to harm the patient. Eliminating the risk of formation of such microscopically small air bubbles has quickly reduced the staffing requirement for patient monitoring to a fraction of what was previously necessary.
En ytterligere fordel med oppfinnelsen har også vist seg å være A further advantage of the invention has also been shown to be
at dialyseeffektiviteten okes. Dette beror oyensynlig på at avluftingen i henhold til oppfinnelsen mer effektivt enn tidligere forhindrer dannelse av en lufthinne på membranen, hvorved dialysen kommer til å foregå hurtigere. that dialysis efficiency is increased. This is apparently due to the fact that the deaeration according to the invention more effectively than previously prevents the formation of an air film on the membrane, whereby the dialysis will take place more quickly.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen utfores avluftingen av dialyse-væsken ved et undertrykk som er lik det undertrykk under hvilket dialysen utfores, og dialysevæsken bringes under avluftingen til å According to the invention, the deaeration of the dialysis fluid is carried out at a negative pressure which is equal to the negative pressure under which the dialysis is carried out, and the dialysis fluid is brought during the deaeration to
passere et filter som agglomerer luftbobler som er skilt ut fra dialysevæsken. Det sikres herved at ingen luft kan skille seg ut fra dialysevæsken ved dialysen. pass a filter that agglomerates air bubbles separated from the dialysis fluid. This ensures that no air can separate from the dialysis fluid during dialysis.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter også et apparat for utforelse av fremgangsmåten. Dette apparat omfatter en dialysator som er innrettet til for å passeres dels av blod, dels av dialyse-vseske, samt en avlufter som er satt inn i stromningsveien for dialysevæsken foran dialysatoren og er tilsluttet en kilde for undertrykk. Det særegne ved apparatet i henhold til oppfinnelsen er en anordning som holder et absolutt trykk i avlufteren som er lik det absolutte trykk i dialysevæskerommet i dialysatoren, idet avlufteren er utstyrt med et filter som er satt inn i stromningsveien for dialysevæsken og har evne til å agglomerere luftbobler. The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method. This apparatus comprises a dialyzer which is designed to pass partly blood and partly dialysis fluid, as well as a deaerator which is inserted into the flow path for the dialysis fluid in front of the dialyzer and is connected to a source of negative pressure. The peculiarity of the apparatus according to the invention is a device that maintains an absolute pressure in the deaerator that is equal to the absolute pressure in the dialysate fluid compartment in the dialyzer, the deaerator being equipped with a filter that is inserted in the flow path for the dialysis fluid and has the ability to agglomerate air bubbles.
Oppfinnelsen skal nå beskrives nærmere under henvisning til vedfoyde tegning, hvor figur 1 skjematisk viser et apparat for utforelse av den foreliggende fremgangsmåte for dialyse, figur 2 viser et delsnitt gjennom selve dialysatoren og figur 3 viser et loddrett snitt gjennom avlufteren som arbeider under undertrykk. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing, where figure 1 schematically shows an apparatus for carrying out the present method for dialysis, figure 2 shows a section through the dialyzer itself and figure 3 shows a vertical section through the deaerator which works under negative pressure.
På tegningen betegner 1 en ledning for tilforsel-av koldtvann fra f.eks. en vanlig vannledning. I vanntillopet er det satt inn en ventil 2 for å holde et konstant trykk på utlopssiden. Etter ventilen 2 er det satt inn en strupeskive 3 og en oppvarmings-innretning h samt et termometer 5. Det oppvarmete vann fores inn i en avlufter 6 hvor luftbobler under atmosfæretrykk frigjbr seg fra vannet. Disse luftbobler avgår sammen med overskuddsvann gjennom en stromningsmåler 7 til et overlop 8 som munner ut i en avløpsledning 9. Vannet fra avlufteren 6 går deretter til et blandekar 10, som tilfores en konsentrert vandig opplosning av glykose og natriumklorid fra en beholder 11.. Den konsentrerte opplosning fores frem ved hjelp av en pumpe 12, som drives av samme motoraksel som en pumpe 13. Fra beholderen 10 går den fremstilte dialyse-væske videre gjennom en ledningsevnemåler 1 *+ som anviser passende konsentrasjon i dialyse-væsken. Ved hjelp av en ventil 15 innstilles passende undertrykk i en dialysator 16. Gjennom denne ledes blod i kretslop fra det ene ben 17 på en pasient. Mellom dialysatoren 16 og pumpen 13 er det satt inn en vakuummåler 19. Luft som er skilt ut i avlufteren 18 avgår gjennom en ventil 20 som periodevis automatisk åpnes til sugesiden av pumpen 13, som vekselvis transporterer den utskilte luft til avløpsledningen 9, og suger dialysevæske fra avlufteren 18 gjennom en ventil 21, som stenger når ventilen 20 åpner, In the drawing, 1 denotes a line for the supply of cold water from e.g. an ordinary water pipe. A valve 2 has been inserted in the water inlet to maintain a constant pressure on the outlet side. After the valve 2, a throat plate 3 and a heating device h as well as a thermometer 5 have been inserted. The heated water is fed into a deaerator 6 where air bubbles are released from the water under atmospheric pressure. These air bubbles leave together with excess water through a flow meter 7 to an overflow 8 which opens into a drain pipe 9. The water from the deaerator 6 then goes to a mixing vessel 10, which is supplied with a concentrated aqueous solution of glucose and sodium chloride from a container 11. concentrated solution is fed forward by means of a pump 12, which is driven by the same motor shaft as a pump 13. From the container 10, the produced dialysis fluid continues through a conductivity meter 1 *+ which indicates the appropriate concentration in the dialysis fluid. With the help of a valve 15, suitable negative pressure is set in a dialyzer 16. Through this, blood is led in a circuit from one leg 17 of a patient. A vacuum gauge 19 has been inserted between the dialyzer 16 and the pump 13. Air separated in the deaerator 18 leaves through a valve 20 which is periodically automatically opened to the suction side of the pump 13, which alternately transports the separated air to the drain line 9, and sucks dialysis fluid from the deaerator 18 through a valve 21, which closes when the valve 20 opens,
gjennom dialysatoren 16. Den urinstoffblandede dialysevæske fores også ved hjelp av pumpen 13 ut i avlopsledningen 9. through the dialyzer 16. The urea-mixed dialysis fluid is also fed with the aid of the pump 13 into the drain line 9.
Som vist i fig. 2 består dialysatoren 16 av et hus,h7is vegger As shown in fig. 2, the dialyzer 16 consists of a house, the walls of which are
22 f.eks. består av polypropylen. I huset finnes to membraner 22 e.g. consists of polypropylene. There are two membranes in the house
23 av regenerert cellulbse mellom hvilket blodet strommer frem. Dialyse-væsken strommer gjennom de to mellomrom 2h mellom 23 of regenerated cellulbse between which the blood flows forward. The dialysis fluid flows through the two spaces 2h between
veggene 22 og membranen 23. the walls 22 and the membrane 23.
Fig. 3 viser avlufteren 18 mer detaljert. I dens bunn er det anordnet et innlop 25 for den dialyse-væske som skal avluftes. Fig. 3 shows the deaerator 18 in more detail. At its bottom, an inlet 25 is arranged for the dialysis fluid to be vented.
Ovenfor bunnen er det anbragt et filter 26 av f.eks. polyetylen- A filter 26 of e.g. polyethylene
svamp. Over filteret er det anbragt en konisk plate 27 som samler luftboblene og slipper dem ut gjennom toppen til et luftavlop 28 som forer til sugesiden for pumpen 13. Avluftet væske strommer fra flatetoppen ned til et avlop 29 som forer til dialysatoren ,16. sponge. A conical plate 27 is placed above the filter which collects the air bubbles and releases them through the top to an air drain 28 which leads to the suction side of the pump 13. Deaerated liquid flows from the surface top down to a drain 29 which leads to the dialyzer 16.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8786/67A SE321309B (en) | 1967-06-21 | 1967-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO119440B true NO119440B (en) | 1970-05-19 |
Family
ID=20275026
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO682405A NO119440B (en) | 1967-06-21 | 1968-06-19 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1766588A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK115946B (en) |
GB (1) | GB1191586A (en) |
NO (1) | NO119440B (en) |
SE (1) | SE321309B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2237639A1 (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-02-14 | Gensollen Yves | Degasser for artificial kidney dialysis liquid - senses growing gas vol. in degasser to actuate connection with vacuum system |
SE8306574L (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1985-05-30 | Gambro Lundia Ab | DEVICE FOR AIR FLUID |
US5350357A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-27 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pumping cassette that emulates gravity flow |
EP0643591B1 (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1998-09-09 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Peritoneal dialysis systems employing a liquid distribution and pump cassette with self-contained air isolation and removal |
US5431626A (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-07-11 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | Liquid pumping mechanisms for peritoneal dialysis systems employing fluid pressure |
US10086314B2 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2018-10-02 | Helgesen Industries, Inc. | Fluid storage reservoir with flow dynamic fluid management and hydronucleation |
JP7022927B2 (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2022-02-21 | 澁谷工業株式会社 | Deaerator |
DE102018107895A1 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2019-10-10 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | dialysis machine |
-
1967
- 1967-06-21 SE SE8786/67A patent/SE321309B/xx unknown
-
1968
- 1968-06-19 DE DE19681766588 patent/DE1766588A1/en active Pending
- 1968-06-19 GB GB29285/68A patent/GB1191586A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-06-19 NO NO682405A patent/NO119440B/no unknown
- 1968-06-19 DK DK291268AA patent/DK115946B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1191586A (en) | 1970-05-13 |
SE321309B (en) | 1970-03-02 |
DK115946B (en) | 1969-11-24 |
DE1766588A1 (en) | 1971-08-05 |
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