NO117848B - - Google Patents
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- NO117848B NO117848B NO153591A NO15359164A NO117848B NO 117848 B NO117848 B NO 117848B NO 153591 A NO153591 A NO 153591A NO 15359164 A NO15359164 A NO 15359164A NO 117848 B NO117848 B NO 117848B
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- Prior art keywords
- wood preservative
- value
- arsenic
- arsenate
- dichromate
- Prior art date
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- COHDHYZHOPQOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic pentoxide Chemical compound O=[As](=O)O[As](=O)=O COHDHYZHOPQOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003171 wood protecting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 alkali metal arsenate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- XPVHUBFHKQQSDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium arsenate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O[As]([O-])([O-])=O XPVHUBFHKQQSDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- MHUWZNTUIIFHAS-XPWSMXQVSA-N 9-octadecenoic acid 1-[(phosphonoxy)methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC MHUWZNTUIIFHAS-XPWSMXQVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940047047 sodium arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCVRTGQHVBWRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen arsenate Chemical compound [Na+].O[As](O)([O-])=O XCVRTGQHVBWRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydron;difluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[Na+] BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/006—Sealing arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S415/00—Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
- Y10S415/91—Reversible between pump and motor use
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Konserveringsmiddel for tre. Preservative for wood.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår konserveringsmidler for tre, i pulverform og av den art som inneholder arsenforbindelser. The present invention relates to preservatives for wood, in powder form and of the kind that contain arsenic compounds.
Bruken av arsenforbindelser i trekonserveringsmidler er velkjent, og særlig bruken av konserveringsmidler inneholdende arsenpentoksyd, et alkalimetall-dikromat og kobber- og/eller sinksalter. The use of arsenic compounds in wood preservatives is well known, and in particular the use of preservatives containing arsenic pentoxide, an alkali metal dichromate and copper and/or zinc salts.
Det er imidlertid kjent at bruken av arsenpentoksyd i fri tilstand forårsaker forskjellige vanskeligheter. Således er f. eks. arsenpentoksyd vanskelig å behandle på grunn av dets tilbøyelighet til å flyte ut så at materialet ikke lett kan males til et fint pulver. Videre er bruken av arsenpentoksyd ledsaget av fare for helsen. However, the use of arsenic pentoxide in the free state is known to cause various difficulties. Thus, e.g. arsenic pentoxide is difficult to process because of its tendency to float so that the material cannot be easily ground into a fine powder. Furthermore, the use of arsenic pentoxide is accompanied by health hazards.
Opprinnelig tørre produkter som inneholder arsenpentoksyd i fri form og en eller flere bestanddeler inneholdende løst bundet vann, f. eks. kobbersulfat med fem krystallvann går i alminnelighet raskt over i flytende form eller blir pastalignende selv når produktene emballeres i lufttette beholdere. Således blir slike produkter selv når de forpakkes i tromler eller andre beholdere i alminnelighet praktisk talt umu-lige å behandle på tilfredsstillende måte selv etter korte lagringsperioder. Ikke ale- Originally dry products containing arsenic pentoxide in free form and one or more components containing loosely bound water, e.g. copper sulphate with five crystal water generally turns quickly into a liquid form or becomes paste-like even when the products are packed in airtight containers. Thus, even when prepackaged in drums or other containers, such products generally become practically impossible to process satisfactorily even after short storage periods. Don't ale-
ne vanskelighetene med å behandle produktene økes,' men produktenes helsefar-lighet økes også. Grunnen til nevnte for-andring i produktenes tilstand er funnet å være utveksling av vann mellom forbindelser med løst bundet vann (som krystallvann) f. eks. kobbersulfat med fem krystallvann og det meget lett utflytende arsenpentoksyd. Hastigheten av denne ut- ne the difficulties in processing the products are increased, but the health hazard of the products is also increased. The reason for said change in the state of the products has been found to be the exchange of water between compounds with loosely bound water (such as crystal water), e.g. copper sulphate with five crystal waters and the very easily deliquescent arsenic pentoxide. The speed of this out-
veksling av vann økes når lagringstempe-raturen stiger. Således vil utvekslings-hastigheten være meget større under tropiske klimatforhold enn i mere tempererte klimater. exchange of water is increased when the storage temperature rises. Thus, the rate of exchange will be much greater under tropical climates than in more temperate climates.
Med «forbindelser med løst bundet vann» menes her forbindelser som f. eks. kobbersulfat med fem krystallvann som kan tape endel av deres krystallvann ved temperaturer på f. eks. 20° C og særlig ved temperaturer på 35—40° C, dvs. temperaturer som kan forekomme i tropiske eller subtropiske egne i hvilke konserverings-midlene lagres eller gjennom hvilke de transporteres. I nærvær av utflytende forbindelser som natriumdikromat eller arsenpentoksyd vil tapet av vann fra f. eks. kobbersulfat med fem krystallvann på-skyndes med det resultat at blandingens partikler vil klebe sammen eller at blandingen vil gå over til en pasta. By "compounds with loosely bound water" is meant here compounds such as e.g. copper sulphate with five crystal waters which can lose part of their crystal water at temperatures of e.g. 20° C and particularly at temperatures of 35-40° C, i.e. temperatures that may occur in tropical or subtropical areas in which the preservatives are stored or through which they are transported. In the presence of leaching compounds such as sodium dichromate or arsenic pentoxide, the loss of water from e.g. copper sulphate with five crystal waters is accelerated with the result that the particles of the mixture will stick together or that the mixture will turn into a paste.
Som en følge av dette har bruken av produkter inneholdende arsenpentoksyd i fri form, kobbersalter og kromater og/eller dikromater ikke fått noen større utbredelse til tross for at man har tydelige indikasjo-ner på at slike produkter ville være fordel-aktige fra synspunktet konserverende evne. Hittil har man minsket de ovenfor nevnte ulemper i noen utstrekning ved å holde produktenes bestanddeler adskilt og å fremstille konserveringsmidlet når det skal brukes. Dette er imidlertid ubekvemt og man kan blant annet forårsake uriktig blanding av bestanddelene og derav føl-gende dårlig virkning av produktet. En ytterligere ulempe er at den som behandler stoffene utsettes for den fare for helsen som ér forbundet med bruken av arsenpentoksyd i fast eller flytende form. Disse ulemper har man minsket noe også ved å fremstille konsentrerte oppløsninger. En slik forholdsregel gir imidlertid visse lag-ringsproblemer, og den konsentrerte opp-løsning er ikke så lett å behandle som et lettbevegelig pulver i anleggene for kon-servering. Dessuten er også behandlingen av konsentrerte væsker inneholdende arsenpentoksyd funnet å utsette den som behandler stoffet for helsefare. As a result of this, the use of products containing arsenic pentoxide in free form, copper salts and chromates and/or dichromates has not gained any wider spread despite the fact that there are clear indications that such products would be advantageous from the point of view of preservative ability . Up to now, the above-mentioned disadvantages have been reduced to some extent by keeping the products' components separate and by preparing the preservative when it is to be used. However, this is inconvenient and can cause, among other things, incorrect mixing of the components and consequently poor effect of the product. A further disadvantage is that the person who processes the substances is exposed to the danger to health associated with the use of arsenic pentoxide in solid or liquid form. These disadvantages have also been reduced somewhat by producing concentrated solutions. However, such a precaution gives rise to certain storage problems, and the concentrated solution is not as easy to process as an easy-to-move powder in the facilities for conservation. In addition, the treatment of concentrated liquids containing arsenic pentoxide has also been found to expose the person handling the substance to health hazards.
Ved hjelp av foreliggende oppfinnelse skaffes der trekonserveringsmidler inneholdende arsen og som er i form av lettbevegelige pulvere og i hvilke de ovenfor nevnte ulemper er minsket. Disse konserveringsmidler forblir i et rimelig tidsrom i en tilstand i hvilken de kan behandles mere lett-vint, særlig i konserveringsanleggene, enn de hittil kjente arsenholdige konserveringsmidler. With the help of the present invention, wood preservatives containing arsenic are obtained which are in the form of easily mobile powders and in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are reduced. These preservatives remain for a reasonable period of time in a state in which they can be processed more easily, especially in the conservation plants, than the previously known arsenic-containing preservatives.
Det er funnet at alkalimetallarsenater av en viss type og som i det følgende be-tegnes som «lettbevegelige pulvere av alkaliarsenater med lav pH-verdi» bekvemt kan brukes ved fremstilling av trekonserveringsmidler i pulverform og med for-bedrede resultater sett fra de ovennevnte synspunkter. It has been found that alkali metal arsenates of a certain type and which are hereinafter referred to as "easily mobile powders of alkali arsenates with a low pH value" can be conveniently used in the production of wood preservatives in powder form and with improved results seen from the above-mentioned points of view.
Uttrykket «lettbevegelige pulvere av alkaliarsenater med lav pH-verdi» brukes her til å betegne alkalimetall- eller ammo-niumarsenater, fortrinsvis natriumarsenat, som i vandige oppløsninger med konsentrasjon 1,2 g pr. 100 ml har pH-verdier på mindre enn 4,6, fortrinsvis mindre enn 3,6, men ikke mindre enn 2,0. The term "easily mobile powders of alkali arsenates with a low pH value" is used here to denote alkali metal or ammonium arsenates, preferably sodium arsenate, which in aqueous solutions with a concentration of 1.2 g per 100 ml has pH values of less than 4.6, preferably less than 3.6, but not less than 2.0.
Forskjellige kvaliteter av «lettbevegelige pulvere av alkaliarsenater med lav pH-verdi» kan fremstilles, og det foretrekkes å bruke et sådant natriumarsenat inneholdende fra 60—70 vektpst. bundet arsen beregnet som arsenpentoksyd (AS2O5) basert på stoffet ovnstørret ved 100° C. Det er å merke at det kan være fordelaktig å tilsette lettbevegelige pulver av alkaliarsenat 'ned lav pH-verdi forskjellige fortynnhigsmidler for å regulere egenska-pene hos sluttproduktet som pH-verdi og konsistens. Sådan tilsetning kan foretas under produktets fremstilling eller på et senere stadium. Det er således funnet å være fordelaktig å tilsette natriumsulfat til natriumarsenat med lav pH-verdi og i form av et lettbevegelig pulver for å lette malingen. Tilsetning av natriumbisulfat er også funnet å være fordelaktig da det letter fremstillingen av et lettbevegelig pulver og pH-verdien av konserveringsmidlet herved kan reguleres. Different qualities of "easily mobile powders of alkali arsenates with a low pH value" can be produced, and it is preferred to use such a sodium arsenate containing from 60-70 wt. bound arsenic calculated as arsenic pentoxide (AS2O5) based on the substance oven-dried at 100° C. It should be noted that it can be advantageous to add easily mobile powders of alkali arsenate 'down low pH value different diluents to regulate the properties of the final product such as pH -value and consistency. Such addition can be made during the product's manufacture or at a later stage. It has thus been found to be advantageous to add sodium sulfate to sodium arsenate with a low pH value and in the form of an easily mobile powder to facilitate painting. The addition of sodium bisulphate has also been found to be advantageous as it facilitates the production of an easily mobile powder and the pH value of the preservative can thereby be regulated.
Arsenater med lav pH-verdi kan fremstilles som lettbevegelige pulvere og har mindre tilbøyelighet til å oppta fuktighet enn arsenpentoksyd. Low pH arsenates can be produced as easily mobile powders and have less tendency to absorb moisture than arsenic pentoxide.
Trekonserveringsmidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen er følgelig i sine hovedtrekk karakterisert ved at det er et lettbevegelig pulver egnet til å oppløses i vann før bruken og at det består av en blanding av et lettbevegelig pulver av alkaliarsenat som ovenfor definert og et ikke utflytende kobbersalt og/eller sinksalt samt ett eller flere av stoffene kaliumdikromat, ammoniumdikromat og vannfritt natriumdikromat. The wood preservative according to the invention is therefore in its main features characterized by the fact that it is an easily mobile powder suitable for dissolving in water before use and that it consists of a mixture of an easily mobile powder of alkali arsenate as defined above and a non-flowing copper salt and/or zinc salt as well as one or more of the substances potassium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and anhydrous sodium dichromate.
Fortrinsvis inneholder ikke trekonserveringsmidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen utflytende bestanddeler. Preferably, the wood preservative according to the invention does not contain liquid components.
Uttrykket «utflytende» som det her brukes, betegner forbindelser som f. eks. arsenpentoksyd og natriumdikromat som kan oppta fuktighet fra den omgivende atmosfære i slik utstrekning at de blir mere eller mindre flytende. The term "flowing" as used here denotes compounds such as e.g. arsenic pentoxide and sodium dichromate which can absorb moisture from the surrounding atmosphere to such an extent that they become more or less liquid.
Trekonserveringsmidlet ifølge oppfinnelsen kan også inneholde andre forbindelser med konserverende virkning enn de ovenfor nevnte. Slike forbindelser er f. eks. natriumdifluorid, dinitrofenol og kresolene. Tilsetning av natriumbisulfat kan også være fordelaktig for å senke pH-verdien i den oppløsning man får når man tilsetter vann til konserveringsmidlet. The wood preservative according to the invention may also contain other compounds with a preservative effect than those mentioned above. Such connections are e.g. sodium difluoride, dinitrophenol and the cresols. The addition of sodium bisulphate can also be beneficial to lower the pH value in the solution obtained when water is added to the preservative.
Når pH-verdien av konserveringsmid-lene ifølge oppfinnelsen begrenses til ikke mindre enn 2,0 eller 2,1, er der funnet at man foruten de ovenfor nevnte fordeler med hensyn til å minske utflytningen og oppnå et lettbevegelig pulver, også får den fordel at mengden av det slam som konserveringsmidlet danner når det kommer i kontakt med tre, også minskes. Konserve-ringsmidlene ifølge oppfinnelsen har derfor fortrinsvis den egenskap at de i vandig 4 pst. oppløsning har én pH-verdi innen området fra 2,0—2,8, fortrinsvis fra 2,1—2,25. When the pH value of the preservatives according to the invention is limited to no less than 2.0 or 2.1, it has been found that, in addition to the above-mentioned advantages with regard to reducing the flow and obtaining an easily mobile powder, you also get the advantage that the amount of sludge that the preservative forms when it comes into contact with wood is also reduced. The preservatives according to the invention therefore preferably have the property that in an aqueous 4% solution they have one pH value within the range from 2.0 to 2.8, preferably from 2.1 to 2.25.
De alkalimetalldikromater som kan brukes ved fremstilling av trekonserve-ringsmidlene omfatter dikromatene av ka-lium og natrium. Av disse foretrekkes det å bruke kaliumdikromat. Bruken av natriumdikromat er beheftet med visse ulemper. Således kan en blanding inneholdende et lettbevegelig pulver av et alkaliarsenat med lav pH-verdi, natriumdikromat og kobbersulfat med fem krystallvann i alminnelighet lagres i et rimelig tidsrom i et temperert klimat når konserveringsmidlet er emballert i lufttette beholdere. Når imidlertid et slikt produkt utsettes for atmosfæren, kleber partiklene raskt sammen eller går over i flytende form og stoffet blir vanskelig og farlig å behandle. Hvis imidlertid det . vannfri natriumdikromat er-stattes med kaliumdikromat i et slikt produkt, kan blandingen utsettes for atmo-sfærens innvirkning i vesentlig lengere tidsrom uten noen alvorlig sammenklebning av partiklene og pastadannelse. The alkali metal dichromates which can be used in the manufacture of the wood preservatives include the dichromates of potassium and sodium. Of these, it is preferred to use potassium dichromate. The use of sodium dichromate is fraught with certain disadvantages. Thus, a mixture containing an easily mobile powder of a low pH alkali arsenate, sodium dichromate and copper sulfate with five crystal waters can generally be stored for a reasonable period of time in a temperate climate when the preservative is packaged in airtight containers. However, when such a product is exposed to the atmosphere, the particles quickly stick together or become liquid and the substance becomes difficult and dangerous to process. If, however, it . if anhydrous sodium dichromate is replaced by potassium dichromate in such a product, the mixture can be exposed to the influence of the atmosphere for significantly longer periods of time without any serious sticking of the particles and paste formation.
Når kobbersalter brukes i konserverings-midlene, kan man anvende kobbersulfat med fem krystallvann. Man kan herved få et lettbevegelig pulver inneholdende alkaliarsenat med lav pH-verdi i en mengde til-svarende mindre enn 70 vektpst. bundet arsen beregnet som arsenpentoksyd (AS2O-,) og basert på stoff som er ovnstørret ved 100° C. When copper salts are used in the preservatives, copper sulphate with five crystal waters can be used. You can thereby obtain an easily mobile powder containing alkali arsenate with a low pH value in an amount corresponding to less than 70% by weight. bound arsenic calculated as arsenic pentoxide (AS2O-,) and based on material that has been oven-dried at 100° C.
I det følgende beskrives som eksempler noen utførelsésformer for oppfinnelsen. In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described as examples.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
Der ble fremstillet et trekonserveringsmiddel med følgende sammensetning: A wood preservative with the following composition was produced:
Denne blanding forble i form av et i rimelig grad lettbevegelig pulver når den ble lagret i lufttette beholdere i betydelige tidsrom og kunne utsettes for betingelser under hvilke fuktighet kan opptas fra atmosfæren i et rimelig langt tidsrom uten noen alvorlig dannelse av kaker eller størkning. This mixture remained in the form of a reasonably mobile powder when stored in airtight containers for considerable periods of time and could be exposed to conditions under which moisture can be absorbed from the atmosphere for a reasonably long period of time without any serious caking or solidification.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
Der ble fremstillet et trekonserveringsmiddel med følgende sammensetning: A wood preservative with the following composition was produced:
Denne blanding er stabil etter lagring i flere uker. This mixture is stable after storage for several weeks.
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
Der ble fremstillet et trekonserverings middel med følgende sammensetning: A wood preservative was produced agent with the following composition:
Denne blanding kan lagres i lengere tidsrom i egner med temperert klima uten at noen vesentlig kakedannelse finner sted. This mixture can be stored for longer periods in areas with a temperate climate without any significant cake formation taking place.
Eksempel 4: Example 4:
Der ble fremstillet et trekonserveringsmiddel med følgende sammensetning: A wood preservative with the following composition was produced:
Denne blanding er stabil ved lagring i flere uker i temperert klima og den kan utsettes for betingelser under hvilke fuktighet kan opptas fra atmosfæren i et rimelig langt tidsrom uten at noen alvorlig kakedannelse eller størkning finner sted. This mixture is stable on storage for several weeks in temperate climates and it can be exposed to conditions under which moisture can be absorbed from the atmosphere for a reasonably long period of time without any serious caking or solidification taking place.
Eksempel 5: Example 5:
Der ble fremstillet en blanding med A mixture was produced with
følgende sammensetning: following composition:
Denne blanding er stabil ved lagring i flere uker i temperert klimat og kan utsettes for betingelser under hvilke fuktighet kan opptas fra atmosfæren i rimelig lange tidsrom uten at der finner sted noen alvorlig kakedannelse eller sammenklebning av partiklene. This mixture is stable on storage for several weeks in temperate climates and can be exposed to conditions under which moisture can be absorbed from the atmosphere for reasonably long periods of time without any serious caking or sticking of the particles taking place.
Eksempel 6: Example 6:
Der ble fremstillet et konserveringsmiddel med følgende sammensetning: A preservative was produced with the following composition:
Denne blanding forblir stabil i et lengere tidsrom enn en lignende blanding inneholdende arsenpentoksyd i stedet for natriumarsenatet med lav pH-verdi i form av et lettbevegelig pulver. This mixture remains stable for a longer period of time than a similar mixture containing arsenic pentoxide instead of the low pH sodium arsenate in the form of an easily mobile powder.
Eksempel 7: Example 7:
Der ble fremstillet et konserveringsmiddel med følgende sammensetning: A preservative was produced with the following composition:
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US286646A US3174720A (en) | 1963-06-10 | 1963-06-10 | Seal for rotary hydraulic machine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO117848B true NO117848B (en) | 1969-09-29 |
Family
ID=23099535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO153591A NO117848B (en) | 1963-06-10 | 1964-06-09 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3174720A (en) |
CH (1) | CH411745A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1503254A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1048152A (en) |
LU (1) | LU46222A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO117848B (en) |
SE (1) | SE303114B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3405913A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1968-10-15 | Dominion Eng Works Ltd | Rotary seal structure |
US3923417A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1975-12-02 | Allis Chalmers | Hydraulic turbine spiral case drain |
JPS5395447A (en) * | 1977-01-31 | 1978-08-21 | Toshiba Corp | Operation of reversible pump-turbine |
JPS5460109U (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1979-04-25 | ||
DE3113273A1 (en) * | 1981-04-02 | 1982-10-21 | Klein, Schanzlin & Becker Ag, 6710 Frankenthal | CYCLING MACHINE |
US4439107A (en) * | 1982-09-16 | 1984-03-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Rotor blade cooling air chamber |
JP7269187B2 (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2023-05-08 | 株式会社東芝 | Runner for Francis turbine and Francis turbine |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE592528C (en) * | 1934-02-08 | J M Voith Maschinenfabrik | Arrangement for lubricating and cooling the wear rings of centrifugal machines when idling | |
US1516822A (en) * | 1924-11-25 | mccormack | ||
US2109679A (en) * | 1936-04-13 | 1938-03-01 | Sr Aloys Neveling | Sealing device for pumps |
DE714290C (en) * | 1940-03-18 | 1941-11-26 | Escher Wyss Maschinenfabrik G | Single or multi-stage centrifugal machine working with liquid |
FR1059878A (en) * | 1951-11-05 | 1954-03-29 | Usines De Const Mecaniques Ehr | Sealing system against water from interstices for centrifugal pumps |
-
1963
- 1963-06-10 US US286646A patent/US3174720A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-05-01 GB GB18147/64A patent/GB1048152A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-05-11 CH CH618864A patent/CH411745A/en unknown
- 1964-06-02 LU LU46222D patent/LU46222A1/xx unknown
- 1964-06-02 SE SE6694/64A patent/SE303114B/xx unknown
- 1964-06-05 DE DE19641503254 patent/DE1503254A1/en active Pending
- 1964-06-09 NO NO153591A patent/NO117848B/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1048152A (en) | 1966-11-09 |
DE1503254A1 (en) | 1970-09-17 |
CH411745A (en) | 1966-04-15 |
SE303114B (en) | 1968-08-12 |
US3174720A (en) | 1965-03-23 |
LU46222A1 (en) | 1965-12-03 |
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