NO116103B - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO116103B NO116103B NO16401066A NO16401066A NO116103B NO 116103 B NO116103 B NO 116103B NO 16401066 A NO16401066 A NO 16401066A NO 16401066 A NO16401066 A NO 16401066A NO 116103 B NO116103 B NO 116103B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hysteresis loop
- magnetic
- magnetic core
- cores
- quotient
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 MgCOs Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
- A47J31/04—Coffee-making apparatus with rising pipes
- A47J31/043—Vacuum-type coffee-making apparatus with rising pipes in which hot water is passed to the upper bowl in which the ground coffee is placed and subsequently the heat source is cut-off and the water is sucked through the filter by the vacuum in the lower bowl
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Apparatus For Making Beverages (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av en magnetkjerne med en nesten rektangulær form av hysteresissløyfen. Method for manufacturing a magnetic core with an almost rectangular shape of the hysteresis loop.
Magne tkjernen som har en nesten rektangulær hysteresissløyfe er av betydning The magnetic core which has an almost rectangular hysteresis loop is of importance
for forskjellige anvendelser. Blant annet for different applications. Among other things
benytter man denne type kjerner for såkalte «magnetiske lagringsanordninger» do you use this type of core for so-called "magnetic storage devices"
(se f. eks. W. N. Papian, Proceedings of the I. R. I., april 1952, side 475—478 og D. R. (see e.g. W. N. Papian, Proceedings of the I. R. I., April 1952, pages 475-478 and D. R.
Brown og E. Albers-Schoenberg, «Electro-nics», april 1953, side 146—149). Slike magnetiske lagringsanordninger benyttes blant Brown and E. Albers-Schoenberg, "Electro-nics", April 1953, pages 146-149). Such magnetic storage devices are used among
annet i regnemaskiner og for automatiske other in calculators and for automatic ones
styreanordninger. Videre finner disse kjerner anvendelse i magnetiske brytere. control devices. These cores are also used in magnetic switches.
Den grad hvormed hysteresissløyfen The degree to which the hysteresis loop
nærmer seg til rektangulærform kan gis et approaching rectangular shape can be given a
kvantitativt uttrykk på"forskjellige måter. quantitative expression in “various ways.
Br Bro
Et vanlig mål er f. eks. kvotienten . A common goal is e.g. the quotient.
B„ B„
Til forklaring av betydningen av denne To explain the meaning of this
kvotient skal det henvises til tegningens figur 1, som skjematisk viser en del av en quotient, reference should be made to figure 1 of the drawing, which schematically shows part of a
metnings-magnetiseringskurve. I denne saturation magnetization curve. In this
figur betegner Br den remanente induksjon figure denotes Br the remanent induction
og BoI den induksjon ved hvilken hystere-sissløyfen nettopp lukker seg. I praksis er and BoI the induction at which the hysteresis loop just closes. In practice is
det ofte ikke lett å måle Bcl med stor nøy-aktighet. Man finner derimot en tilnærmet it is often not easy to measure Bcl with great precision. On the other hand, one finds an approximate one
riktig verdi for Bcl på grunnlag av middel-verdien av induksjonene etter delvis magnetisering resp. delvis avmagnetisering correct value for Bcl on the basis of the mean value of the inductions after partial magnetization resp. partial demagnetization
(med metning i mellomtiden), hvor de to (with saturation in the meantime), where the two
induksjoner måles ved den samme felt-styrke, som velges slik at induksjonene avviker mere enn 1 pst., men mindre enn 3 inductions are measured at the same field strength, which is chosen so that the inductions differ by more than 1 per cent, but less than 3
pst. fra hverandre. Ved de forsøk som ble pst. apart. In the attempts that were made
utført ved utviklingen av den foreliggende carried out in the development of the present one
oppfinnelse ble det gått frem på denne invention was proceeded with this
måte; det ble for disse målinger anvendt manner; it was used for these measurements
et ballistisk galvanometer (se Bozorth, «Ferromagnetism», side 843). Når det her a ballistic galvanometer (see Bozorth, "Ferromagnetism," page 843). When it here
B r B r
tales om kvotienten forutsettes det talk about the quotient it is assumed
B ci B ci
alltid, at målingene ble foretatt på en ringformet magnetkjerne hvor det ferromagnetiske materiale over hele ringens omkrets har et konstant tverrsnitt og med en ytre diameter av høyst 1,6 ganger den innvendige diameter. always, that the measurements were made on an annular magnetic core where the ferromagnetic material over the entire circumference of the ring has a constant cross-section and with an outer diameter of no more than 1.6 times the inner diameter.
Et annet mål for hysteresissløyfens rektangulærhet er det såkalte rektangu-lærhetsforhold (Rs)maks. Hva betydningen av denne størrelse angår henvises det til den foran nevnte litteratur. For fullsten-dighets skyld gis det imidlertid nedenfor en kort forklaring i forbindelse med tegningens fig. 2, som likeledes skjematisk viser en del av en magnetiseringskurve for et tilfelle hvor avmagnetiseringen ble påbe-gynt før den magnetiske metning var nådd. Størrelsen (Rs),„.lks defineres som Another measure of the hysteresis loop's rectangularity is the so-called rectangularity ratio (Rs)max. As far as the meaning of this size is concerned, reference is made to the aforementioned literature. For the sake of completeness, however, a brief explanation is given below in connection with the drawing's fig. 2, which likewise schematically shows part of a magnetization curve for a case where the demagnetization was started before the magnetic saturation was reached. The size (Rs),„.lks is defined as
Kvotienten The quotient
er en funksjon av is a function of
den påtrykkede største feltsstyrke Hm. Det viser seg, at denne kvosient har en største-verdi for en bestemte verdi av Hm, der som regel avviker litet fra koersitivkraften H0. Denne størsteverdi av kvosienten betegnes med symbolet (<R>a)m.lks nødvendige målinger the applied maximum field strength Hm. It turns out that this quotient has a maximum value for a certain value of Hm, which usually differs little from the coercive force H0. This largest value of the quotient is denoted by the symbol (<R>a)m.lks necessary measurements
av <B>(Hm) og B(_ i/2 ,Im) kan likeledes skje med et ballistisk galvanometer. Som måle-gjenstander tjener også i dette tilfelle ringformede magnetkjerner med konstant tverrsnitt av det feromagnetiske materiale langs hele ringens omkrets og med en ut-vendig diameter av høyst 1,6 ganger den innvendige diameter. of <B>(Hm) and B(_ i/2 ,Im) can likewise be done with a ballistic galvanometer. Ring-shaped magnetic cores with a constant cross-section of the ferromagnetic material along the entire circumference of the ring and with an outer diameter of no more than 1.6 times the inner diameter also serve as measuring objects in this case.
Når man anvender ferromagnetiske materialer med nesten rektangulær hyste-resissløyfe dreier det seg oftest om høy-frekvente vekselsstrømmer, og det gjelder altså å unngå hvirvelstrømmer så meget som mulig. Benyttes det ferromagnetiske legeringer kan dette til en viss grad opp-nås ved at magnetkjernene bygges opp av innbyrdes isolerte, meget tynne lag av det ferromagnetiske materiale. Imidlertid er det ofte ytterst vanskelig å bygge opp kjerner med nesten rektangulær hystere-sissløyfe av slike tynne lag. Ved disse høye frekventer er det altså fordelaktig, og ved ennå høyere frekvenser endog nødvendig å benytte magnetisk bløte, ferrioksydhol-dige materialer med spinellstruktur. Disse stoffer har allerede i seg selv en meget liten elektrisk ledningsevne. When using ferromagnetic materials with an almost rectangular hysteresis loop, it is most often about high-frequency alternating currents, and it is therefore important to avoid eddy currents as much as possible. If ferromagnetic alloys are used, this can be achieved to a certain extent by the magnetic cores being built up from mutually insulated, very thin layers of the ferromagnetic material. However, it is often extremely difficult to build up cores with an almost rectangular hysteresis-siss loop from such thin layers. At these high frequencies it is thus advantageous, and at even higher frequencies even necessary, to use magnetically soft, ferric oxide-containing materials with a spinel structure. These substances already in themselves have a very low electrical conductivity.
For vedkommende magnetkjernes brukbarhet i magnetiske hukommelser og magnetiske brytere er det ennvidere en vesentlig betingelse at koersitivkraften H0 er lav (fortrinsvis ikke over 10 ørsted og helst endog under 5 ørsted), da det ellers kreves for sterke magnetfelter for å få kjernens magnetisering til å forandre for-tegn. For the relevant magnetic core's usability in magnetic memories and magnetic switches, it is also an essential condition that the coercive force H0 is low (preferably not over 10 ørsted and preferably even below 5 ørsted), as otherwise too strong magnetic fields are required to cause the core's magnetization to change for sign.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen har det vist seg, at magnetkjerner med en nesten rektangulær form av hysteresissløyfen, According to the invention, it has been shown that magnetic cores with an almost rectangular shape of the hysteresis loop,
hvor betingelsene ^- ;> 0,7 og (RB)maU ' where the conditions ^- ;> 0.7 and (RB)maU '
clcl
> 0,6 og Hc < 4 ørsted er oppfylt kan fås hvis kjernene er fremstilt av et materiale som iallfall i det vesentlige består av minst en forbindelse med følgende formel. > 0.6 and Hc < 4 ørsted is fulfilled can be obtained if the cores are made from a material which at least essentially consists of at least one compound with the following formula.
hvor forbindelsene fremstilles derved at en blanding av nikkel-, mangan-, magnesium-og jernforbindelser i ønsket vektsforhold opphetes i luft eller kvelstoff ved en temperatur av 1400—1475° C, fortrinsvis ca. 1450° C. Opphetningen kan også skje i surstoff ved de samme temperaturer, men de ovennevnte grenser, innenfor hvilke x og y kan varieres i den ovennevnte formel, ligger da noe annerledes. I dette tilfelle må følgen-de betingelser oppfylles. where the compounds are produced by heating a mixture of nickel, manganese, magnesium and iron compounds in the desired weight ratio in air or nitrogen at a temperature of 1400-1475° C, preferably approx. 1450° C. The heating can also take place in oxygen at the same temperatures, but the above-mentioned limits, within which x and y can be varied in the above-mentioned formula, are then somewhat different. In this case, the following conditions must be met.
Eksempel. Example.
En blanding av nikkelkarbonat, NiC03, mangankarbonat, MnC03, magnesiumkarbonat, MgCOs, og ferrioksyd, Fe203 males 5 timer i absolutt alkohol. Det erholdte pulver foropphetes 1 time ved 900° C i luft. Etter avkjøling males reaksjonspro-duktet videre 2 timer i absolutt alkohol, hvoretter det erholdte produkt presses til en ring. Denne ring opphetes 2 timer ved ca. 1450° C i kvelstoff, luft eller surstoff. A mixture of nickel carbonate, NiC03, manganese carbonate, MnC03, magnesium carbonate, MgCOs, and ferric oxide, Fe203 is ground for 5 hours in absolute alcohol. The powder obtained is preheated for 1 hour at 900° C in air. After cooling, the reaction product is ground for a further 2 hours in absolute alcohol, after which the product obtained is pressed into a ring. This ring is heated for 2 hours at approx. 1450° C in nitrogen, air or oxygen.
Ved å forandre forholdet mellom mengdene av nikkelkarbonat, mangankarbonat og magnesiumkarbonat i utgangs-materialet får man kjerner av forskjellig sammensetning. I nedenstående tabell er det for noen slike kjerner angitt sammen - By changing the ratio between the quantities of nickel carbonate, manganese carbonate and magnesium carbonate in the starting material, cores of different composition are obtained. In the table below, some such cores are listed together -
Br setning og verdiene av^- av (Rs)mak9 og av H0Br theorem and the values of^- of (Rs)mak9 and of H0
a. Opphetet i teknisk kvelstoff. a. Heated in technical nitrogen.
Sammensetning Composition
b. Opphetet i luft. Sammensetning c. Opphetet i surstoff. b. Heated in air. Composition c. Heated in oxygen.
Sammensetning Composition
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL6509552A NL6509552A (en) | 1965-07-23 | 1965-07-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO116103B true NO116103B (en) | 1969-01-27 |
Family
ID=19793716
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO16401066A NO116103B (en) | 1965-07-23 | 1966-07-20 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT268583B (en) |
BE (1) | BE684418A (en) |
CH (1) | CH461051A (en) |
ES (1) | ES329319A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6509552A (en) |
NO (1) | NO116103B (en) |
-
1965
- 1965-07-23 NL NL6509552A patent/NL6509552A/xx unknown
-
1966
- 1966-07-20 AT AT693466A patent/AT268583B/en active
- 1966-07-20 NO NO16401066A patent/NO116103B/no unknown
- 1966-07-20 CH CH1046866A patent/CH461051A/en unknown
- 1966-07-20 BE BE684418D patent/BE684418A/xx unknown
- 1966-07-21 ES ES0329319A patent/ES329319A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6509552A (en) | 1967-01-24 |
BE684418A (en) | 1967-01-20 |
CH461051A (en) | 1968-08-15 |
AT268583B (en) | 1969-02-10 |
ES329319A1 (en) | 1967-11-01 |
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