NO115373B - - Google Patents
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- NO115373B NO115373B NO161758A NO16175866A NO115373B NO 115373 B NO115373 B NO 115373B NO 161758 A NO161758 A NO 161758A NO 16175866 A NO16175866 A NO 16175866A NO 115373 B NO115373 B NO 115373B
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- salts
- acids
- baths
- chlorite
- Prior art date
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- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium chlorate Chemical compound N.OCl(=O)=O KHPLPBHMTCTCHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005521 carbonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 11
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC(OC)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C21 MIMUSZHMZBJBPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 fatty acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- GXJQMKFJQFGQKV-KHPPLWFESA-N 2-[methyl-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(O)(=O)=O GXJQMKFJQFGQKV-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurine Natural products NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTXJZBMXQMTSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino hydrogen carbonate Chemical class NOC(O)=O JTXJZBMXQMTSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid Chemical class CCS(O)(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G1/00—Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
- B65G1/02—Storage devices
- B65G1/04—Storage devices mechanical
- B65G1/12—Storage devices mechanical with separate article supports or holders movable in a closed circuit to facilitate insertion or removal of articles the articles being books, documents, forms or the like
- B65G1/127—Storage devices mechanical with separate article supports or holders movable in a closed circuit to facilitate insertion or removal of articles the articles being books, documents, forms or the like the circuit being confined in a vertical plane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
- A47B81/00—Cabinets or racks specially adapted for other particular purposes, e.g. for storing guns or skis
- A47B81/005—Devices for storing or displaying rifles, guns, pistols or elongated objects such as fishing rods storing fishing rods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
- A47F7/00—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials
- A47F7/16—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for carpets; for wallpaper; for textile materials
- A47F7/166—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for carpets; for wallpaper; for textile materials with mechanical or electrical handling means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
- A47F7/00—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials
- A47F7/16—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for carpets; for wallpaper; for textile materials
- A47F7/17—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for carpets; for wallpaper; for textile materials in rolls or rolled tapes
- A47F7/175—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for carpets; for wallpaper; for textile materials in rolls or rolled tapes of carpets, wallpapers or fabrics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Display Racks (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Displays For Variable Information Using Movable Means (AREA)
- Rollers For Roller Conveyors For Transfer (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til forminskning av klordioksyddannelsen i sure klorittbad. Method for reducing the formation of chlorine dioxide in acid chlorite baths.
Ved arbeidet med vandige sure opp-løsninger av kloritter, unnviker det fra When working with aqueous acidic solutions of chlorites, it is avoided
klorittbadene alltid visse mengder klordioksyd, som medfører sterk fare og ube-hag for arbeiderne. Unnvikningen av klordioksyd fra sure klorittbad byr i praksis på The chlorite baths always produce certain amounts of chlorine dioxide, which causes great danger and discomfort to the workers. The avoidance of chlorine dioxide from acid chlorite baths offers in practice
betydelige tekniske vanskeligheter og man significant technical difficulties and man
har forsøkt å fjerne denne ulempe ved have tried to remove this disadvantage by
hjelp av avsugnings- og absorbsjonsanord-ninger hvilket imidlertid forårsaker betydelige omkostninger og hvorved det ikke with the help of suction and absorption devices which, however, causes significant costs and whereby it does not
kan unngås et tap av verdifulle stoffer. a loss of valuable substances can be avoided.
For å minske unnvikningen av klordioksyd fra klorittbad har man videre an-befalt forskjellige tilsetninger, f. eks. har man satt peroksyder, fortrinsvis vannstoff-peroksyd for dette formål til de sure klorittbad. Fremgangsmåten oppviser imidlertid den ulempe, at det derved inntrer et ek-stra forbruk av kostbart blekemiddel. Videre har man tilsatt de sure klorittbad In order to reduce the escape of chlorine dioxide from chlorite baths, various additives have been recommended, e.g. peroxides, preferably hydrogen peroxide, have been added for this purpose to the acidic chlorite baths. However, the method has the disadvantage that there is an extra consumption of expensive bleaching agent. Furthermore, the acidic chlorite baths have been added
fluorforbindelser, særlig sure fluorider, slik fluorine compounds, especially acid fluorides, such
som ammoniumbifluorid, for å undertrykke such as ammonium bifluoride, to suppress
unnvikningen av klordioksyd. Bortsett fra the avoidance of chlorine dioxide. Except
den utilstrekkelige virkning av forbindel-sene har denne fremgangsmåte den ulempe, the insufficient effect of the compounds, this method has the disadvantage,
at fluorforbindelsene både angriper edel-stålet og også de mot de sure klorittopp-løsninger forholdsvis bestandige keramiske that the fluorine compounds both attack the stainless steel and also the relatively resistant ceramic ones against the acidic chlorite solutions
stoffer. substances.
Det er videre kjent for å hindre kor-rosjon ved arbeidet med vandige oppløs-ninger av kloritter eller klordioksyd i appa-raturer av edelstål, å tilsette badene nitrater, bl. a. er ammoniumnitrat nevnt. It is also known to prevent corrosion when working with aqueous solutions of chlorites or chlorine dioxide in stainless steel equipment to add nitrates to the baths, e.g. a. is ammonium nitrate mentioned.
Det ble nu funnet at man kan minske It was now found that one can reduce
unnvikningen av klordioksyd fra sure klor- the avoidance of chlorine dioxide from acid chlorine-
ittbad henholdsvis når man tilsetter badene ammoniumklorid, ammoniumsulfat, ammoniumklorat eller et ammoniumsalt av en lavere alifatisk karbonsyre og sul-fonsyre eller karbonsyrer henholdsvis deres salter og som inneholder en høyere molekylar alifatisk rest som er avbrutt ved en karbonsyreamid- eller karbonsyreestergruppe. bath respectively when one adds to the baths ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chlorate or an ammonium salt of a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid and sulphonic acid or carboxylic acids respectively their salts and which contain a higher molecular aliphatic residue which is interrupted by a carboxylic acid amide or carboxylic acid ester group.
De mengder av de nevnte ammoniumsalter som skal anvendes pr. liter bad, kan variere innen vide grenser. I almindelig-het er det tilstrekkelig å tilsette ca. 0,5 til ca. 2 gram pr. liter bad. Av økonomiske grunner vil man anvende mengder på ca. 0,6 til ca. 1 gram, hvilket dog ikke uteluk-ker å anvende også mindre eller større mengder som angitt, f. eks. 0,3 gram eller 5 gram. The quantities of the mentioned ammonium salts to be used per liter bath, can vary within wide limits. In general, it is sufficient to add approx. 0.5 to approx. 2 grams per liter bath. For economic reasons, quantities of approx. 0.6 to approx. 1 gram, which, however, does not preclude the use of smaller or larger amounts as indicated, e.g. 0.3 grams or 5 grams.
Mengden av sulfonsyrer og/eller karbonsyrer henholdsvis deres salter, som inneholder en høyere molekylar alifatisk rest som er avbrutt av en karbonsyreamid — eller karbonsyreestergruppe, kan likeledes variere innen vide grenser. Det er ofte tilstrekkelig å anvende ca. 1/4 av den an-vendte mengde av ammoniumsalt. Imidlertid kan det uten videre også anvendes mindre, like eller større mengder. The amount of sulfonic acids and/or carboxylic acids or their salts, which contain a higher molecular aliphatic residue which is interrupted by a carboxylic acid amide — or carboxylic acid ester group, can likewise vary within wide limits. It is often sufficient to use approx. 1/4 of the amount of ammonium salt used. However, smaller, equal or larger quantities can also be used without further ado.
Ved siden av de stoffer som skal anvendes ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan klorittbadene også tilsettes de vanlige tilsetninger for innstilling av pH-verdien, slik som f. eks. saltsyre, eddiksyre, fosforsyre, bisul-fater, orto-fosfater, pyrofosfater og lignende. In addition to the substances to be used according to the invention, the usual additives for setting the pH value can also be added to the chlorite baths, such as e.g. hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, bisulphates, ortho-phosphates, pyrophosphates and the like.
For å unngå korrosjonsskader ved arbeidet i edelstålapparaturer, er det hensiktsmessig å tilsette syrer av kvelstoffoksyder eller deres salter. To avoid corrosion damage when working in stainless steel equipment, it is appropriate to add acids of nitrogen oxides or their salts.
Som høyere molekylare sulfon- og/ eller karbonsyrer skal f. eks. nevnes om-setningsproduktene av fettsyrer med ami-nosulfon- henholdsvis aminokarbonsyrer eller med eggehviteavbygningsprodukter, videre nevnes kondensasjonsprodukter av fettsure salter og halogensulfon- henholdsvis halogenkarbonsyrer. Særlig skal nevnes: oleyltaurin, oleylmetylaminoeddik-syre, stearoksymetan- henholdsvis etan-sulfonsyrer. Slike forbindelser er kjent som overflateaktive stoffer. As higher molecular sulphonic and/or carboxylic acids, e.g. mention is made of the reaction products of fatty acids with aminosulfonic or aminocarbonic acids or with egg white breakdown products, further mention is made of condensation products of fatty acid salts and halosulfonic or halocarbonic acids. Particular mention should be made of: oleyl taurine, oleyl methylaminoacetic acid, stearoxymethane and ethane sulphonic acids. Such compounds are known as surfactants.
Det ble videre funnet at man får et holdbart middel til minskning av klordioksyddannelsen i sure klorittbad, når man blander grundig ammoniumklorid, ammoniumsulfat, ammoniumklorat eller ammoniumsalter av lavere alifatiske karbonsyrer og sulfon- og/eller karbonsyrer henholdsvis deres salter, som inneholder en høyeremolekylar alifatisk rest, som er avbrutt ved en karbonamid- eller karbonestergruppe. Det er på denne måte mulig på forhånd å overholde et egnet blandingsfor-hold, således at man ved senere bruk ved innføring i vann får bruksoppløsninger som inneholder hjelpemidlet i tilstrekkelig mengde. It was further found that a durable means of reducing the formation of chlorine dioxide in acid chlorite baths is obtained when thoroughly mixing ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chlorate or ammonium salts of lower aliphatic carboxylic acids and sulfonic and/or carboxylic acids respectively their salts, which contain a higher molecular weight aliphatic residue , which is interrupted by a carbonamide or carbonester group. In this way, it is possible to comply with a suitable mixing ratio in advance, so that when used later when introduced into water, solutions containing the auxiliary agent are obtained in sufficient quantity.
Vil man fremstille et middel som sam-tidig ved anvendelse i klorittbad i edelstålapparaturer skal by på en korrosjonsbe-skyttelse, kan man tilsette den ovennevnte blanding salter av syrer av kvelstoffoksyder, fortrinsvis natriumnitrat. Disse blandinger er meget stabile. If you want to prepare an agent which, when used in chlorite baths in stainless steel equipment, should offer corrosion protection, you can add salts of acids of nitrogen oxides, preferably sodium nitrate, to the above-mentioned mixture. These mixtures are very stable.
Det er ikke i alle tilfeller nødvendig å fremstille faste blandinger av ammoniumklorid og sulfonsyrer og/eller karbonsyrer henholdsvis deres salter og eventuelt salter av syrene av kvelstoffoksyder. Opp-finnelsestanken ved foreliggende oppfin-nelse virkeliggjøres likeledes når man frem-stiller konsentrerte oppløsninger av de nevnte komponenter. Også slike konsentrerte oppløsninger er holdbare. For bruken er det bare nødvendig å fortynne disse med den nødvendige mengde vann. It is not in all cases necessary to prepare solid mixtures of ammonium chloride and sulphonic acids and/or carboxylic acids respectively their salts and possibly salts of the acids of nitrogen oxides. The inventive idea of the present invention is also realized when concentrated solutions of the aforementioned components are prepared. Such concentrated solutions are also durable. For use, it is only necessary to dilute these with the required amount of water.
, Faste saltblandinger ifølge oppfinnelsen kan fremstilles ved grundig blanding av de faste salter, idet det hensiktsmessig skal iakttas at saltene anvendes med samme kornstørrelse. Imidlertid kan saltblan-dingene også fremstilles ved inndampning eller forsprøytning av oppløsninger, som inneholder ammoniumsalter ved siden av de nevnte sulfon- og/eller kabonsyrer henholdsvis deres salter og eventuelt salter av syrene av kvelstoffoksyder. , Solid salt mixtures according to the invention can be prepared by thorough mixing of the solid salts, it being appropriate to ensure that the salts are used with the same grain size. However, the salt mixtures can also be prepared by evaporation or spraying of solutions which contain ammonium salts next to the mentioned sulphonic and/or carboxylic acids, respectively their salts and possibly salts of the acids of nitrogen oxides.
Andre tilsetningsstoffer som vanligvis anvendes i kombinasjon med kloritter, kan settes til de faste blandinger henholdsvis til konsentrerte oppløsninger, eller også alt etter arten av tilsetningsstoffene, til bruks-oppløsningene. Other additives which are usually used in combination with chlorites can be added to the solid mixtures respectively to concentrated solutions, or depending on the nature of the additives, to the working solutions.
I forhold til den kjente anvendelse av ammoniumintrat i forbindelse med de for-annevnte overflateaktive stoffer, viser det seg ved anvendelse av ammoniumsaltene ifølge oppfinnelsen sammen med de oven-for angitte sulfonsyrer og/eller korbonsyrer henholdsvis deres salter, en vesentlig bedre hindring av klordioksydutviklingen. In relation to the known use of ammonium nitrate in connection with the above-mentioned surfactants, the use of the ammonium salts according to the invention together with the above-mentioned sulphonic acids and/or carboxylic acids or their salts shows a significantly better inhibition of the development of chlorine dioxide.
Dette sees f. eks. av klorittnedsettelsen fra en oppløsning som pr. liter inneholder 2 gram natriumkloritt samt 0,3 g av et kon-densasjonsprodukt av fettsyre og eggehviteavbygningsprodukter, og som oppviser en temperatur på 60° C og en pH-verdi på 3,3 og som utover dette inneholder vekslende mengder av ammoniumnitrat henholdsvis et av ammoniumsaltene ifølge oppfinnelsen. I følgende tabell er det innført de til-satte mengder av ammoniumsalter samt klorittnedsettelsen av et slikt bad i løpet av en time. I siste kolonne er angitt nedsettel-sen av klorittminskningen angitt ved anvendelse av ammoniumsaltene ifølge oppfinnelsen i forhold til den samme mengde ammoniumnitrat i prosent. This can be seen e.g. of the chlorite reduction from a solution that per liter contains 2 grams of sodium chlorite as well as 0.3 g of a condensation product of fatty acid and egg white breakdown products, and which exhibits a temperature of 60° C and a pH value of 3.3 and which, in addition to this, contains varying amounts of ammonium nitrate, respectively one of the ammonium salts according to the invention. In the following table, the added amounts of ammonium salts and the chlorite reduction of such a bath over the course of one hour are entered. In the last column, the reduction of the chlorite reduction indicated by the use of the ammonium salts according to the invention is indicated in relation to the same amount of ammonium nitrate in percentage.
Dessuten oppviser ammoniumnitrat-holdige oppløsninger etter en time en gulo-livenaktig farvning, mens oppløsninger som inneholder ammoniumklorid, ammoniumsulfat, ammoniumacetat eller ammoniumklorat etter en time fremdeles er tilnærmet f arveløse. Moreover, ammonium nitrate-containing solutions exhibit a yellow-vibrant coloration after one hour, while solutions containing ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate or ammonium chlorate are still virtually colorless after one hour.
Forholdene ligger lignende an like over-for den kjente anvendelse av sure fluorider, f. eks. ammoniumbifluorid, mens en oppløs-ning som pr. liter inneholder 1 gram natriumkloritt og 0,5 gram ammoniumbifluorid og som har en temperatur på 60° C og en pH-verdi på 3,5 etter en time oppviser en klorittnedsettelse på 9 pst., idet oppløsnin-gen er farvet olivenaktig ved fritt klordioksyd, viser en like konsentrert natriumklo-rittoppløsning som istedet for ammoniumbifluorid inneholder 0,5 gram ammoniumsulfat og 0,3 g oleylmetyltaurin under samme betingelser bare en klorittnedsettelse på 3,8 pst. og oppløsningen blir dessuten f arve-løs, da det praktisk talt ikke avspaltes noe fritt klordioksyd. The conditions are similar just above for the known use of acid fluorides, e.g. ammonium bifluoride, while a solution which per liter contains 1 gram of sodium chlorite and 0.5 gram of ammonium bifluoride and which has a temperature of 60° C and a pH value of 3.5 shows a chlorite reduction of 9 per cent after one hour, as the solution is colored olive with free chlorine dioxide , an equally concentrated sodium chlorite solution which instead of ammonium bifluoride contains 0.5 grams of ammonium sulphate and 0.3 g of oleylmethyltaurine under the same conditions only shows a chlorite reduction of 3.8 per cent and the solution also becomes colourless, as it practically does not some free chlorine dioxide is released.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
En viskosesellullvevning behandles ved et badforhold på 1 : 20 med en oppløsning av 1 g/l natriumkloritt, 0,35 g/l oleylsarkosid og 0,6 g/l ammoniumklorid ved en pH-verdi på 3,4 og en temperatur på 70° C. Den således blekede vevning har et hvit-hetsinnhold på 80,6 pst. Det forbrukes 0,23 pst. natriumkloritt. A viscose cell wool fabric is treated at a bath ratio of 1:20 with a solution of 1 g/l sodium chlorite, 0.35 g/l oleyl sarcoside and 0.6 g/l ammonium chloride at a pH value of 3.4 and a temperature of 70° C. The thus bleached fabric has a whiteness content of 80.6 per cent. 0.23 per cent sodium chlorite is consumed.
Gjennomfører man fremgangsmåten på nøyaktig samme måte under anvendelse av 0,6 g/l ammoniumnitrat istedetfor ammoniumklorid utgjør forbruket av natriumkloritt 0,32 pst. dvs. det er omkring 39 pst. høyere enn ved anvendelse av ammoniumklorid, uten at det fåes en større hvithet. If the procedure is carried out in exactly the same way using 0.6 g/l ammonium nitrate instead of ammonium chloride, the consumption of sodium chlorite amounts to 0.32 per cent, i.e. it is about 39 per cent higher than when using ammonium chloride, without a greater whiteness being obtained .
De i ovenstående eksempel angitte mengder av overflateaktive midler og ammoniumklorid, kan også med hensyn til forholdet varieres innen vide grenser. Ved større tilsetning kan man nedsette blekehastigheten alt etter kravene temmelig vidtgående, og man kan oppnå fullstendig luktfritt arbeide. Dessuten fåes derved en betydelig innsparing av kloritt. The quantities of surface-active agents and ammonium chloride specified in the above example can also be varied within wide limits with respect to the ratio. With a larger addition, the bleaching speed can be reduced quite widely depending on the requirements, and completely odorless work can be achieved. In addition, this results in a significant saving of chlorite.
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
Et viskosesellullstoff behandles ved et badforhold på 1 : 20 med en oppløsning av 1 g/l natriumkloritt, 0,35 g/l oleylsarkosid og 0,75 g/l ammoniumklorat ved en pH-verdi på 3,4 og en temperatur på 70° C. Den således blekede vevning har en hvithet på 80,6 pst. Dét forbruktes 0,24 pst. natriumkloritt. A viscose cell wool fabric is treated at a bath ratio of 1:20 with a solution of 1 g/l sodium chlorite, 0.35 g/l oleyl sarcoside and 0.75 g/l ammonium chlorate at a pH value of 3.4 and a temperature of 70° C. The fabric thus bleached has a whiteness of 80.6 per cent. That consumed 0.24 per cent sodium chlorite.
Utfører man fremgangsmåten på nøy-aktig samme måte under anvendelse av 0,75 g/l ammoniumnitrat istedet for ammoniumklorat, utgjør forbruket av natriumkloritt 0,33 pst. dvs. det er nesten 38 pst. høyere enn ved anvendelse av ammoniumklorat, uten at det fåes en større hvithet-. If the procedure is carried out in exactly the same way using 0.75 g/l ammonium nitrate instead of ammonium chlorate, the consumption of sodium chlorite amounts to 0.33 per cent, i.e. it is almost 38 per cent higher than when using ammonium chlorate, without a greater whiteness is obtained.
De i ovenstående eksempel angitte mengder overflateaktive midler og ammoniumklorat kan også med hensyn til forholdet varieres innen vide grenser. Ved større tilsetninger kan man vidtgående nedsette blekningshastigheten alt etter kravene og man kan oppnå å arbeide fullstendig luktfritt. Dessuten gis det derved en betydelig innsparing av kloritt. The quantities of surfactants and ammonium chlorate indicated in the above example can also be varied within wide limits with respect to the ratio. With larger additions, the bleaching speed can be greatly reduced depending on the requirements and you can achieve completely odor-free work. In addition, a significant saving of chlorite is thereby provided.
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
En viskoseselullvevning behandles ved et badforhold på 1 : 20 med en oppløsning av 1 g/l natriumkloritt, 0,35 g/l oleylsarkb-sid og 0,7 g/l ammoniumsulfat ved en pH-verdi på 3,4 og en temperatur på 70° C. Den således blekede vevning har en hvithet på 80,7 pst. Det forbruktes 0,27 pst. natriumkloritt. A viscose cellulose fabric is treated at a bath ratio of 1:20 with a solution of 1 g/l sodium chlorite, 0.35 g/l oleyl sarcbside and 0.7 g/l ammonium sulfate at a pH value of 3.4 and a temperature of 70° C. The thus bleached fabric has a whiteness of 80.7 per cent. 0.27 per cent sodium chlorite was consumed.
Utfører man fremgangsmåten på nøy-aktig samme måte under anvendelse av 0,7 g/l ammoniumnitrat istedet for ammoniumsulfat, utgjør forbruket av natriumkloritt 0,33 pst. dvs. det er ca. 22 pst. høyere enn ved anvendelsen av ammoniumsulfat uten at det fåes større hvithet. If the procedure is carried out in exactly the same way using 0.7 g/l ammonium nitrate instead of ammonium sulphate, the consumption of sodium chlorite amounts to 0.33 per cent, i.e. it is approx. 22 per cent higher than when using ammonium sulphate without greater whiteness.
De i ovenstående eksempel angitte mengder overflateaktive midler og ammoniumsulfat kan også med hensyn til forholdet varieres innen vide grenser. Ved større tilsetninger kan man vidtgående nedsette blekehastigheten, alt etter kråv-ene, og man kan oppnå å arbeide fullstendig luktløst. Dessuten fåes det derved en betydelig innsparing av kloritt. The quantities of surface-active agents and ammonium sulphate indicated in the above example can also be varied within wide limits with respect to the ratio. With larger additions, the bleaching speed can be greatly reduced, depending on the requirements, and you can achieve completely odorless work. In addition, this results in a significant saving of chlorite.
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
En viskosesellullvevning behandles ved et badforhold på 1 : 20 med en oppløsning av 1 g/l natriumkloritt, 0,35 g/l oleylsarkosid og 0,6 g/l ammoniumacetat med en pH-verdi på 3,4 og en temperatur på 70° C. Den således blekede vevning har en hvithet på 80,6 pst. Det forbruktes 0,2é pst. natriumkloritt. A viscose cell wool fabric is treated at a bath ratio of 1:20 with a solution of 1 g/l sodium chlorite, 0.35 g/l oleyl sarcoside and 0.6 g/l ammonium acetate with a pH value of 3.4 and a temperature of 70° C. The thus bleached fabric has a whiteness of 80.6 per cent. 0.2 per cent sodium chlorite was consumed.
Utfører man fremgangsmåten på nøy-aktig samme måte under anvendelse av 0,6 g/l ammoniumnitrat istédet for ammoniumacetat, utgjør forbruket av natriumkloritt 0,32 pst. dvs. det er ca. 27 pst. høyere enn ved anvendelse av ammoniumacetat, uten at det fåes en større hvithet. If the procedure is carried out in exactly the same way using 0.6 g/l ammonium nitrate instead of ammonium acetate, the consumption of sodium chlorite amounts to 0.32 per cent, i.e. it is approx. 27 percent higher than when using ammonium acetate, without a greater whiteness being obtained.
De i ovenstående eksempel angitte mengder overflateaktive midler og ammoniumacetat kan også med hensyn til forholdet varieres innen vide grenser. Ved større tilsetninger kan blekehastigheten nedsettes vidtgående alt etter kravene og man kan oppnå å arbeide fullstendig lukt-løst. Dessuten fåes det derved en betydelig innsparing av kloritt. The quantities of surfactants and ammonium acetate specified in the example above can also be varied within wide limits with respect to the ratio. With larger additions, the bleaching speed can be greatly reduced depending on the requirements and you can achieve completely odor-free work. In addition, this results in a significant saving of chlorite.
Eksempel 5: En viskosesellullvevning behandles 40 minutter ved et badforhold på 1 : 20 med en oppløsning av 1 g/l natriumkloritt, 5 g/l ammoniumsulfat og 0,2 g/l oleylmetyltaurin ved en pH-verdi på 3,5 og 75° C og blir deretter skyllet. Det således behandlede stoff oppviser ved et forbruk på bare 0,18 pst. natriumkloritt en hvithet på 79,8 pst. Det inntrer ingen frigjørelse av klordioksyd. Istedetfor de angitte mengder ammoniumsulfat kan også den samme mengde ammoniumklorid eller -acetat anvendes. Example 5: A viscose cell wool fabric is treated for 40 minutes at a bath ratio of 1:20 with a solution of 1 g/l sodium chlorite, 5 g/l ammonium sulfate and 0.2 g/l oleylmethyltaurine at a pH value of 3.5 and 75° C and is then rinsed. The material treated in this way exhibits a whiteness of 79.8 per cent with a consumption of only 0.18 per cent sodium chlorite. No release of chlorine dioxide occurs. Instead of the specified amounts of ammonium sulphate, the same amount of ammonium chloride or ammonium acetate can also be used.
Eksempel 6: En viskosesellullvevning behandles ved et badforhold på 1 : 20 og 75° C i 40 minutter med en oppløsning av 1 g/l natriumkloritt, 0,3 g/l ammoniumklorid og 3 g/l oleylmetyltaurin ved en pH-verdi på 3,5 og blir deretter skyllet. Example 6: A viscose cell wool fabric is treated at a bath ratio of 1:20 and 75°C for 40 minutes with a solution of 1 g/l sodium chlorite, 0.3 g/l ammonium chloride and 3 g/l oleylmethyltaurine at a pH value of 3 .5 and is then rinsed.
Den blekede vevning har en hvithet på 80,2 pst. med et forbruk på bare 0,21 pst. natriumkloritt. Unnvikning av klordioksyd under blekningen inntrer ikke. Istedetfor The bleached fabric has a whiteness of 80.2 percent with a consumption of only 0.21 percent sodium chlorite. Avoidance of chlorine dioxide during bleaching does not occur. Instead of
den angitte mengde ammoniumklorid kan the specified amount of ammonium chloride can
det anvendes den samme mengde ammoniumsulfat eller -klorat henholdsvis -acetat. the same amount of ammonium sulphate or -chlorate or -acetate is used.
Claims (3)
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DESCH37260A DE1273973B (en) | 1965-06-22 | 1965-06-22 | Device for hanging z. B. Floor coverings in roll form in a display rack |
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NO115373B true NO115373B (en) | 1968-09-23 |
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NO161758A NO115373B (en) | 1965-06-22 | 1966-02-17 |
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US4767167A (en) * | 1987-10-05 | 1988-08-30 | Jeffries Alvin B | Rotary storage and suspension apparatus |
US5431493A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1995-07-11 | Lift & Storage Systems, Inc. | Storage retrieval system |
RU2474377C1 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-02-10 | Евгений Жанович Абрамович | Museum paternoster |
CN108045695B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-03-12 | 湖北亿源建筑有限公司 | A kind of high cement rack for building of comfort |
CN112918154B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-11-23 | 郑州科技学院 | Information management storage device for financial accounting |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US686828A (en) * | 1901-01-31 | 1901-11-19 | Franklin E Myers | Storage, measuring, and folding cabinet for roll goods. |
US859425A (en) * | 1906-06-25 | 1907-07-09 | Batts John T Inc | Clothing-cabinet. |
US1542817A (en) * | 1922-06-08 | 1925-06-23 | Bernheim Matthew | Clothing display and sales cabinet |
US2636799A (en) * | 1951-03-06 | 1953-04-28 | Lyon | Storage and display unit |
DE941883C (en) * | 1953-05-16 | 1956-04-19 | Wilhelm Steinkopf | Chain made of longitudinal belts for gear drives |
FR1350116A (en) * | 1962-12-13 | 1964-01-24 | Foucaud & Cie | Improvements to devices for presenting rolls of sheet material |
DE1887193U (en) * | 1963-08-16 | 1964-02-06 | Willy Schneider | DEVICE FOR STORING AND DISPLAYING HEAVY ROLLS OF GOODS SUCH AS FLOORING. |
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- 1965-06-22 DE DESCH37260A patent/DE1273973B/en active Pending
- 1965-10-12 US US495150A patent/US3318459A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US3318459A (en) | 1967-05-09 |
BE674655A (en) | 1966-04-15 |
DK121399B (en) | 1971-10-11 |
CH436955A (en) | 1967-05-31 |
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