NL2006263C2 - METHOD FOR MAKING A BUILDING BY PLACING PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for making a building, e.g. a block row housings of at least two storeys, by stacking two prefabricated elements with floor (2) and upright (3) walls. In the factory the walls obtain embedded vertical channels (5), the floor/ceiling obtains horizontal channels (5). Two of these elements of equal dimension are as a whole transported across the civil road to the building site and there stacked onto each other and the relevant foundation to provide two storeys. The element is transported across the civil road at a vehicle, mounted in a lifting and tilting frame. During the ride across the civil road while arriving at a the passage obstruction obstacle the element is tilted and lifted by moving the frame from a low level with horizontal floor/ceiling to a high level with vertical floor/ceiling and back again.

Description

Method for making a building by placing prefabricated elements.

The invention relates to a building with at least one building or residential layer. The building or living layer comprises a prefabricated element of reinforced concrete or other initially form-free cast material with stone-like properties with a reinforcement, such as reinforcement fibers, reinforcing bars and / or a reinforcement net, produced in a formwork in a factory remote from the construction site. The prefabricated element comprises upright walls and a floor / ceiling and is, for example, tunnel or U-shaped. The invention also relates to the prefabricated element.

15 It has long been known to construct the walls, floors and ceilings of buildings and dwellings from factory-assembled units of reinforced concrete.

US4,606,878 (Day) discloses a method for making building from at least one prefabricated box-shaped unit of reinforced concrete, each unit forming an independent home. A dead-end tunnel-shaped unit (shown in Fig. 1) is cast in a formwork and consists of five walls that form floor, ceiling, front facade, rear facade and one of the side walls respectively. After the demoulding, a separately produced wall is placed that forms the second side wall, and the box-shaped unit is now complete to be transported along the public road to where the building is to be erected. The box-shaped unit has a depth (the distance between the front and rear façade) that is less than one third of its width, and its depth is equal to its height. During transport by road, one of the side walls is arranged in the direction of travel. The realized dimensions are too limited for a single-family home and only suitable for a single-person household.

NL6617920 (Patent Concern) discloses the assembly of single-family terraced houses from 2 or more tunnel-shaped 2 units per living layer arranged one behind the other in the depth direction of the dwelling in each direction.

The disclosure of NL1037624 (123Huis) is similar to NL6617920, but the prefabricated units are U-shaped in cross-section.

From practice it is known in the factory to prefabricate a box-shaped unit of reinforced concrete, which is intended for underground use in the form of a basement or parking garage. These units are too small to be considered as living space in accordance with the Building Decree 10 and other applicable regulations. These units are thus unusable for the production of accommodation spaces.

The object of the invention is to further the production of elements suitable for habitation and / or other function with a gross floor area of at least 30 or 50 square meters per building-15 or residential layer, distributed over 1, 2 or more building or residential layers. to rationalize.

To that end, it is proposed according to the invention to make a building or living layer of a building, for example a terraced house, preferably single-family house, of at least two floors above ground, from a prefabricated element that is so large that it covers the entire floor area of the main volume, or covers at least 75% of the relevant building or living layer, while the element occupies the full width of the building or living layer and preferably occupies the entire depth, 25 or at least 75% thereof, of the relevant building or living layer, and the relevant building or living layer is at least 4, 5 meters wide and at least 6 meters deep, while the upright walls of the element have a height so that the standing height of the relevant building or living layer is at least 2.0 meters, at Preferably at least 2.4 meters, more preferably at least 2.6 meters. As a rule, the upright walls will therefore have a height substantially equal to the standing height. A minimum standing height of 2.6 meters is currently prescribed for residential areas in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe. 35 A lower standing height could be permitted in other countries for living quarters.

The width of the element is preferably no more than 3.0 meters, preferably no more than 7.5 meters. The depth of the element is preferably no more than 15 meters, the maximum length preferably being dependent on the width-depth ratio of the building or living layer.

5 The element contains at least two, three or four raised walls and at least one horizontal wall (floor / ceiling cover). Preferably, one or more of the following applies: all raised and / or horizontal walls are substantially rectangular; an upright wall connects to at least two, three or four of the sides of a horizontal wall; each upright wall connecting to one side of a lying wall extends substantially along the entire said side; the height of all the upstanding walls adjoining the sides of a lying wall is substantially the same; the size of the lying walls is substantially the same.

For example, for a single-family dwelling, the element only contains the floor and is therefore open at the top, because the floor of the unit above it also forms the ceiling for the unit below. For an apartment complex, the element 20 comprises, for example, both, so that the vertical dwelling separation (floor) can simply be made sufficiently thick.

The prefabricated element is made in the factory and transported on the public road to the construction site by a transport vehicle. The transport vehicle 25 is preferably equipped with tilting means, for example a tilting frame in which the element is fixed and carried. With the tilting frame, while mounted in the tilting frame, the element can be tilted between a horizontal and vertical position about an axis extending in the direction of travel. Thus, during transport, the element can be tilted between the positions WIDE and LONG. In the BREED position, obstacles with a low clearance height, such as an overpass, can be passed. Road narrowings can be passed in the LANG position.

35 In the BREED position, the floor or ceiling plate is horizontal.

The transport vehicle is optionally equipped with 4 lifting means, for example embodied in a lifting and tilting frame, so that the element loaded in the transport vehicle can both be tilted with the tilting means and can be lifted with the lifting means, and these both movements are preferably substantially simultaneously, so that the unit always has sufficient ground clearance during tilting. Preferably, in the WIDE position of the element, the lift-tilt frame is in the LOW position, while in the LONG position of the element, the lift-tilt frame is HIGH.

The element is preferably loaded on the transport vehicle so that the depth direction of the element extends in the direction of travel. In that case the transport is at least 4.5 meters and even up to 7.5 or 8.0 meters wide, clearly too wide for normal road transport (limited to 3.5 meters wide in the Netherlands). Special transport from a width of 4.5 meters cannot use every public road. This problem has been solved by the tilting possibility, since in the LANG position the transport width is kept below 3.5 meters.

The limitation of width to 7.5 or 8.0 meters and depth to 15 meters makes it possible to use the lifting and tilting function during transport without damage.

The transport vehicle with the lifting and / or tilting means such as the tilting or lifting-tilting frame also belongs to the invention. The invention also includes the making of two, three or more single-family homes in a row, the two or more floors of which are made by applying a single element according to the invention per dwelling and per building layer. In the same way an apartment complex can be made by placing a single element according to the invention on and next to each other, wherein each element forms a separate apartment with in each case a living room, bedroom (s), cooking room, toilet room and bathroom.

The prefabricated element preferably comprises the floor and / or the ceiling (deck), the housing-separating walls and the facade walls, and preferably collapsed and saved facilities for installations, preferably on a fixed pattern in the upright and / or horizontal walls, while the frame recesses are made in the facade walls and, for example, recesses for stairwell and pipes have been made in the floor and / or deck. The partitions or room partitions within the entire unit for dividing the building or living layer into, for example, kitchen, toilet and living room, or two or three bedrooms, bathroom and landing, can also be fitted in the factory.

It is preferable to collapse pipe cavities and pipe channels in the element in the factory, preferably in a dense pattern so that the decision on the location of a socket, switch or light point on the wall or ceiling can still be taken in the finishing phase, simply by tapping such a collapsed pipe cavity or channel, so without having to mill a slot. For this purpose, the upright walls, in particular the housing-separating walls, are preferably provided with collapsed internal vertical channels, and the horizontal walls are preferably equipped with collapsed internal horizontal channels, in a repeating pattern extending along the length of the wall with pitch 20 less than 1 meter, for example 60 cm, and which channels are relatively close below the wall surface, at least at a distance from the center of the wall thickness, so that easy tapping is possible. NL1025886 (VBI) already discloses the integration of duct channels in prefab panels, from which panels the upright walls of a building are assembled, so that a regular pattern of vertical duct ducts with a pitch of 60 cm in the upright walls is created. This invention goes considerably further than NL1025886. The big difference is that in this invention an entire system of both horizontal and vertical collapsed internal channels is provided, wherein horizontal and vertical channels run in the same pattern and thus continue into one another.

Furthermore, it is preferable to provide, in the factory, spared skirting channels collapsed in the element at the location of the connection between an upright wall part and floor, which channels run horizontally and are sunk into the wall surface and in which the vertical and / or 6 horizontal collapsed channels. Wiring can be pulled through the skirting channels and the vertical and horizontal collapsed channels afterwards, which promotes the flexibility of the electrical installation. During the completion, these skirting channels are covered by a skirting board and thus hidden from view. Optionally, the baseboard ducts come close to instead of lying on the wall surface, so that tapping is required to gain access to them.

Because the prefabricated element is cast in a single piece, it is possible for the first time to avoid divisions in the collapsed and saved pipes / channels in the prefabricated element, and thus form a whole, so that couplings are missing and the pipes / canals extend without interruption over the entire depth of the building or residential layer. These collapsed facilities can not only be used for the electrical installation, but also for the transport of water heating tapes.

Thus, with the invention, the construction of, for example, a block of single-family terraced houses can be made considerably cheaper. By opting for single-storey concrete floors, ducts for containing installation pipes can be efficiently realized, without loss of flexibility of the house layout, and problems with the placement of the elements are avoided. The lifting and tilting makes transport on public roads possible, without which making single-storey floors of concrete in the factory would be technically possible, but would be economically infertile due to insurmountable transport problems.

In an embodiment the invention relates to a method for transporting a prefabricated element over the public road by mounting it in a lifting and / or tilting frame of the vehicle and tilting and / or lifting during the journey over the public road, preferably wherein the element is mounted with its ends in the frame and has a substantially free span between them.

7

The accompanying accompanying drawing shows in:

FIG. 1 the residential unit known from US 4,606,878 (Day);

FIG. 2 shows in perspective an example of a building according to the invention;

FIG. 3 the prefabricated elements, placed next to and on top of each other, for the building of fig. 2;

FIG. 4 in detail the connection between upright and horizontal walls; FIG. 5 in top view the ground floor;

FIG. 6 shows the first floor in top view;

FIG. 7 the different views of the building;

FIG. 8 two views of the building;

FIG. 9 and 10 perspective views of a truck. 15

The row houses shown in Figs. 2-7 are built by placing a single prefabricated element on a foundation for each dwelling and placing a further single prefabricated element on top of this element, the horizontal walls of both elements having the same dimensions of each at least 30 square meters. In the factory, each element is equipped with all four upright walls, so that each element is an upwards (open) box with or without a deck (ceiling).

As a result, neither of the two building layers of a dwelling contains a vertical dividing seam running over the entire height of the building layer, and such vertical dividing seams are only located between two adjacent dwellings in the row.

The detail of fig. 4 shows the collapsed saved skirting-board channels 4 at the location of the connection between the upright and horizontal walls 1, 2, 3, and also the location just below the surface of the vertical and horizontal collapsed internal channels 5.

FIG. 8 shows the pattern of the vertical collapsed internal channels 5 in the upright walls. The pattern of the horizontal collapsed internal channels in the horizontal walls is thus in register. FIG. 8A shows the side view, fig.

8 8B the front view of two elements stacked on top of each other to arrive at a single-family terraced house with floor.

FIG. 9 and 10 show an element 6 on transport mounted in the lift-tilt frame of the truck. The arrows 5 illustrate lifting / tilting. When the element is in the WIDE position, the frame is in the LOW position. When the element is brought from the WIDE position to the LONG position, the frame goes to the HIGH position. It can be seen that the element is mounted with its ends in the frame and has a substantially free span between them

Claims (7)

1. Method for making a building, wherein a building or residential layer of the building is made of a prefabricated element of reinforced concrete or other initially form-free cast material with stony properties with a reinforcement, which element is at least two, three or four upright walls and a floor / ceiling, while this element is so large that it covers the entire floor area of the main volume, or at least 75% thereof, of the relevant building or living layer, while the element covers the full width of the building or occupies a living layer and preferably occupies the entire depth, or at least 75% thereof, of the relevant building or living layer, and thereby the relevant building or living layer is at least 4.5 meters wide and at least 6 meters deep, while the element provides in a standing height of the relevant building or living layer of at least 2.0 meters, preferably at least 2.4 meters, even more preferably at least 2.6 meters, and wherein this element is at a distance of the construction site is manufactured and is transported in its entirety on the public road to the construction site and is put there on the intended foundation. 2. Method as claimed in claim 1 for making a residential block of ground-bound single-family terraced houses of at least two storeys above ground, wherein each terraced house is made by stacking on top of at least two prefabricated elements (6), such a prefabricated element comprising a residential layer of the terraced house completely determines and is made of reinforced concrete, which element contains at least the four housing-separating upright walls (1) and a floor / ceiling (2) with stair-hole recess, while this element is so large that this covers the entire floor area of the relevant floor. covers, while the element occupies the full width of the residential layer and occupies the entire depth of the relevant residential layer 35, while the relevant residential layer is at least 4.5 meters wide and at least 6 meters deep, while the element provides a standing height of the relevant floor layer of at least 2.6 meters, and where two of these elements, namely a first and a tw The element, being remote from the construction site, are manufactured in a factory so that they are of equal width and depth and are transported in their entirety separately on the public road 5 to the construction site and there the first is placed on the intended foundation and the second on the first placed on the foundation is set to make two floors of a terraced house and then, in addition, the following first and second elements are placed in the same way until all of the first and second elements of each of the row of houses block are in the desired location in the block are placed. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at the factory the housing separating upright walls (1, 3) are equipped with collapsed internal vertical channels (5), and the horizontal walls (2) are equipped with collapsed internal horizontal channels (5) ), in a pattern extending along the length of the wall, repeating, and aligned between the vertical and horizontal channels with a pitch less than 1 meter, for example 60 cm, and which channels (5) are relatively close below the wall surface lie, at least at a distance from the center of the wall thickness, so that easy tapping is possible, and in the factory saved plinth channels (4) collapsed in the element are provided at the location of the connection between an upright wall part (1) and floor (2), which canals run horizontally and are sunk into the wall surface and into which the vertical and horizontal collapsed channels (5) open, and on the construction site, after the definitive placement of the elements (6), wiring and piping for tap and heating water are drawn through the skirting channels and the vertical and horizontal collapsed channels (5) and during finishing, these skirting channels (4) are covered by a skirting board and thus hidden from view. , and in the factory the prefabricated element (6) is cast in a single piece, so that divisions in the collapsed and saved pipes / channels (4, 5) are missing in the prefabricated element and these pipes / channels (4, 5) form a whole, so that connections are missing and the pipes / canals extend without interruption over the entire depth of the residential layer. 5 Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more of the following applies: all upright and horizontal walls are substantially rectangular; an upright wall connects to all four of the sides of a lying wall; each upright wall connecting to one side of a lying wall extends substantially along the entire said side; the height of all the upright walls connecting to the sides of a lying wall is substantially the same; the dimensions of the lying walls are substantially the same. 5. Method as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein each prefabricated element, with a length of at most 7.5 meters and a depth of at most 15 meters, is transported separately from the factory on the public road on its own vehicle, during which transport a large number of obstacles preventing the passage is passed while maintaining a fixed position of the element relative to the vehicle, for which purpose the element is mounted in a lifting and tilting frame of the vehicle such that the element is mounted with its opposite ends has a free span in the frame and between them and is tilted and lifted by the frame from a low horizontal level level with the depth direction in the direction of travel of the vehicle and during the journey over the public road when approaching an obstacle preventing passage through floor / ceiling to a high level with vertical floor / ceiling and back. A prefabricated element for the method of any one of the preceding claims. 7. Building obtained with the method according to one of claims 1-5.