NL1041689B1

NL1041689B1 - Acceleration unit for impact crusher.

Info

Publication number: NL1041689B1
Application number: NL1041689A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Petrus Josephus Andreas Van Der Zanden Johannes
Original assignee: Petrus Josephus Andreas Van Der Zanden Johannes
Priority date: 2016-01-25
Filing date: 2016-01-25
Publication date: 2017-07-31
Also published as: WO2017129372A1; EP3408030A1; EP3408030B1

Abstract

An acceleration unit with a multiple acceleration face constructed partly of highly wear resistant insert members and partly of base material sections, wherein the insert members are provided with a polygonal insert working face, which are configured and/or positioned and/or oriented along the acceleration face, such, that essentially any continuity of the base material sections is interrupted by the polygonal insert working faces, in both the entire radial direction and in the entire axial direction - for example, as a rectangular grid or square grid (checkerboard) - such that concentration of wear along the base material sections is hindered, and prevents, or at least hinders, development of an irregular wear attern and premature wash-out of the insert members, to obtain a very long continuous lifetime. Handling weight is limited to 10-20kg max, and the attachment arrangement provides very easy and quick exchange and possible turn around of the acceleration parts.

Description

ACCELERATION UNIT FOR IMPACT CRUSHER FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field ofi the acceleration ofi material, in particular a stream of granular or particulate material, at least with the aid of centrifugal force, with, in particular, the aim of causing the accelerated grains or particles to collide with an impact member at such a velocity that they are crushed, but other possible applications are not excluded.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION A stream of particle material can be accelerated in very simple way with the aid of centrifugal force. With this technique the material is fed onto the central part of the rotor that rotates rapidly about a vertical axis of rotation and is provided with acceleration members, normally block members, which accelerate the particle material with the aid of centrifugal force along a radially directed accelerating face, to be thrown at high velocity from the rotor to collide with an impact ring, which surrounds the rotor, to be crushed during impact. This so-called Vertical Shaft Impactor - or VSI - was introduced in the 1850’s. Soon it became clear that impact crushing produces very good quality aggregates. However, the heavy wear of the casted acceleration members and consequent short lifetime and high wear costs hampered wide application of the VSI. High wear costs made impact crushing much more expensive than compression loading, as applied with the ijaw crusher and cone crusher. Moreover, the very heavy acceleration blocks had to be exchanged every three to four hours, when processing more abrasive feed material. Engineers kept working on possible improvements involving more than one thousand patens, most impractical. The so-called acceleration shoes were introduced in 1970’s, known from US 4174814, and are still state of the art, though far from practical. Exchange of the heavy shoes is rather complicated, often causing long downtimes. Lifting weight is 40 kg plus, far above the 20-25 kg recommended by health authorities, and the operator is standing in a very narrow space on top of an unstable rotor - by many regarded as inhuman working conditions - and causes much serious injury. Moreover, wear material can only be utilized for one third, leaving two third expensive throwaway materials, and explains the high wear costs. The attachment gets easily stuck, and heavy damage occurs to the holders, which requires frequent exchange of the rotor table, adding to the burden of the operator and the costs. Lifetime of the shoes redoubled with the introduction, around 2000, of ceramic casting, known from US6601789, but exchange interval times of six to eight hours are still very short. Ceramic shoes do not solve the other problems listed before, and introduce another serious problem: ceramic casting appears to be very difficult to control, because the ceramic inserts are some three times lighter than the metal casting, regularly resulting in rather large variations in exchange interval times. These come unexpected, and are the cause of heavy and frequent damage to the rotor and the crusher housing, to the annoyance of the operators.

Engineers kept working on further improvement of the VSI. For example, acceleration by co-rotating impact, known from US 5,860,605 which in the name of applicant, and achieves extremely good results but, again, it appeared not possible to meet the required specifications with casted blocks. The problem with the lifting weight was recently solved by axial splitting of the ceramic acceleration blocks, known from WO 2014082722, which is in the name of applicant, and also redoubles exchange interval time, and provides a very simple attachment arrangement for very easy and quick exchange. But the problem with ceramic casting persists also with this application.

Another approach is to abandon castings, and apply hard metal, like cemented carbide, instead. Hard metal shoes have the potential to tenfold increase of lifetime. However, hard metal is extremely heavy and extremely expensive, and great hardness goes hand in had with brittleness. First attempts in 1989 applied hard metal elements to construct impact members, and are known from US 4,871,119. Such hard metal elements have also been applied for the construction of acceleration members with hard metal elements bolted to the acceleration face. The resulting hard metal acceleration members were extremely heavy, and required strengthening of both the rotor and holders, as well of the shaft member, and exchange proved to be labour intensive. Moreover, complete hard metal coverage of the acceleration face increased costs to a level where application was no longer economic. Another approach with press fit cylindrical carbide rods, known from US 7,416,146, provides also complete hard metal coverage of the acceleration face, and proved to be far too heavy and extremely expensive, and therefore impractical. Complete inserted hard metal coverage of impact faces is also known from US 8016219.

Wear costs can be significantly reduced by inserting highly wear resistant insert members along the acceleration face at a distance apart, inserted in a much less wear resistant steel base member, creating shoes with an acceleration face that is partly of highly wear resistant cylindrical insert members and partly of less wear resistant base material sections, surrounding the inserts, known from US 5,954,282 and US 2003/0213861. Such inserted hard metal shoes weigh still more than 60 kg, and introduce the problem of concentration of wear along the base material sections in between the hard metal inserts, which may lead to the development of an irregular wear pattern, and wash out and premature breaking away of the insert members, and have proven not to be practical.

Another approach applies rectangular insert members positioned on top of each other, creating an acceleration face of inserted vertical columns of hard metal, alternating with columns of base material in between, known from US 3,767,127, involving a closed rotor, and proposes also horizontal splitting of the acceleration member. Vertical splitting of the acceleration face with alternating columns of hard metal and base material, is known from, wherein the acceleration face is constructed of two hard metal inserted parts to limit the manufacturing weight, a technique also known from US 2003/213861 and US 2008/135660. The hard metal parts of EP 2545996 are bolted to a secondary base member to create a shoe with a hard metal acceleration face, in a way similar to US 1,871,119 (mentioned before). The known acceleration member is rather complicated and with some 70kg far too heavy for safe exchange procedures. The alternating columns of highly and less wear resistant material that stretch along the acceleration face interrupt continuity of base material section in the radial direction, but introduces the problem of possible development of an irregular wavelike wear pattern, essentially resembling a wash board, with concentration of wear along the base member sections, in particular along the upper edges, which may lead to wash out of inserts. Vertical splitting of hard metal acceleration members which limit lifting weight to some 20kg is known from WO2014082722, which is the name of applicant and applies centrifugal locking for attachment, avoiding the need of bolts for easy exchange procedures, but the problem with alternating columns of hard metal and bases material persists also with this solution.

The crushing industry is most interested in inserted acceleration members that attain a very long continuous lifetime, but the known inserted acceleration members are neither economic nor practical, and need improvement to be acceptable to the industry.

Therefore, the problem that has to be solved, is to find a eonstructional design for an aceeleration member provided with an acceleration face, constructed partly of base material sections and partly of highly wear resistant insert members, such that development of an irregular wear pattern is avoided and premature wash-out and consequently breaking away of the insert members is prevented, or at least hindered, and is easy to manufacture, limits lifting weight to 10-20 kg max, and be provided with a simple attachment arrangement, for very easy and quick exchange.

AIM OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to solve this problem, which is achieved with an acceleration unit, comprising at least six easy to manufacture acceleration parts, which create a multiple acceleration face constructed partly of highly wear resistant insert members and partly of base material sections, wherein the insert members are provided with a polygonal insert working face, which are configured and/or positioned and/or oriented along the acceleration face, such, that essentially any continuity of the base material sections is interrupted by the polygonal insert working faces, in both the entire radial direction and in the entire axial direction - for example, as a rectangular grid or square grid (checkerboard) - such that concentration of wear along the base material seetions is hindered, and prevents, or at least hinders, development of an irregular wear pattern and premature wash-out of the insert members, to obtain a very long continuous lifetime. Handling weight is limited to 10-20kg max, and the attachment arrangement provides very easy and quick exchange and possible turn around of the acceleration parts.

Machining of an acceleration face that interrupted continuity of the base material section in both radial and axial direction is very complicated, and therefore very expensive, when the accelerating face is of one part, because numerous polygonal insert openings have to be cut in the base material to fit the insert members, and is therefore not economic; also when the accelerating face is split in halves, either axially or radially. However, the manufacturing problem can, according the invention, be solved in a simple way by splitting the block member in both axial direction and in radial direction, creating an acceleration imit that solves also the problem of the lifting weight and provides easy attachment arrangement.

The acceleration unit is split axially into at least two radially arranged block member parts, which are each radially split into at least three axially arranged laying block parts, creating an acceleration unit of at least six laying block parts, which provide a multiple acceleration face of at least six laying acceleration face parts. Each laying block part is provided with insert member parts, stretching in continuous way between at least two edges along the laying acceleration face parts, and are therefore very easy to manufacture and make it possible to configure and/or position and/or orient the insert working faces in various different ways, to obtain optimal performance.

Actually, with an acceleration unit of six or more laying acceleration block parts, positioned abut against each other, a rectangular grid that interrupts essentially any continuity of the base material sections in both radial direction and in axial direction, can already be obtained with only two different simple laying acceleration block parts, which are geometrical similar but are each provided with a laying acceleration face part wherein rectangular insert members are differently configured and/or positioned and/or oriented - to obtain a very long uninterrupted lifetime.

The invention makes it possible to attain an insert cover of less than 50% of the acceleration face, saving in significant way on wear costs; but depending on the specific conditions, a higher insert cover may be needed. The low handling weight and simple attachment arrangement make it possible to shift the laying accelerating block parts around for one another, possibly upside down, such, that the expensive insert members of each laying accelerating block part may be optimally utilized during operation, including further use, to limit wear costs.

The invention involves an acceleration unit, carried by a rotor of the open type, on top of the rotor table, comprising, a rotor table carried by a shaft member, such that the rotor table is rotatable about an essentially vertically directed axis of rotation in at least one direction. The accelerating unit according the invention, comprising, at least two radially arranged accelerating block member parts, possibly differently configured, each accelerating block member part provided with at least one accelerating face part, stretching in the direction of the outer edge of the rotor, an inner accelerating block member part, positioned at a location a radial distance away from the axis of rotation, provided with at least one inner accelerating face part, and an outer accelerating block member part, positioned at a location a greater radial distance away from the axis of rotation then the inner accelerating block member part, provided with at least one outer accelerating face part, possibly with one or more acceleration block member parts in between, creating an accelerating unit provided with at least one multiple accelerating face of at least two radially arranged accelerating face parts. The accelerating block member parts may be positioned, radially aligned, abut against each other, or, radially arranged, at a radial distance apart, but always such, that each accelerating face part contributes to the acceleration of the particle material, with the aid of at least the centrifugal force.

Each accelerating block member part is radially split, along at least two laying separation joints, directed transversally to the radial plane from the axis of rotation, into at least three laying aceelerating block parts, a lower laying accelerating block part, an upper laying accelerating block part, with at least one laying centre accelerating block part in between, the laying accelerating block parts, possibly of different geometrical shapes, creating an accelerating block member part of at least three separate laying accelerating block parts, positioned abut on top of each other, firmly, but exchangeable, attached to the rotor, with the aid of a separate attachment arrangement, possibly differently constructed for each accelerating block member part, creating an accelerating unit of at least six laying accelerated block parts, which are easy to manufacture, limit handling weight, and may be shifted around for one another, and the multiple acceleration face of at least six laying acceleration face parts is configured such that a regular wear pattern is obtained and premature wash out of insert members is hindered.

The base member part may be constructed of a construction material, comprising at least an iron based alloy, and the insert members may be constructed of a construction material, comprising at least a cermet containing tungsten carbide, but the invention allows for the application of other suitable construction materials.

The invention is further described in the description and the claims, to which reference is made.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For better understanding, the aims, characteristics and advantages of the device of the invention, which have been discussed, and other aims, are explained in the following detailed description of the device of the invention in relation to accompanying diagrammatic drawings.

Figure 1 shows, diagrammatically, a front view the acceleration face provided with hard metal inserts of an accelerating member of prior art;

Figure 2, shows, a photograph of a typical wear pattern that develops along the acceleration face of figure 1;

Figure 3, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor, provided with a first, second, third and fourth configuration of the acceleration unit according the invention the first configured for one-way operation of the rotor and the other three for two-way operation;

Figure 4, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the acceleration member parts of the first configuration of the acceleration unit of figure 3;

Figure 5, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the laying acceleration parts of the first configuration of the acceleration unit of figure 3;

Figure 6, shows, diagrammatically, a front view, A-A of figure 3, of the first configuration of the acceleration unit, with a multiple acceleration face configured as a rectangular grid;

Figure 7, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the bases member of a first laying acceleration block part of the acceleration unit of figure 5;

Figure 8, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a first laying acceleration block part of the acceleration unit of figure 5;

Figure 9, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the bases member of a second laying acceleration block part of the acceleration unit of figure 5;

Figure 10, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a second laying acceleration block part of the acceleration unit of figure 5;

Figure 11, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of laying acceleration block part provided with a pin opening arrangement;

Figure 12, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor provided with a a fifth, a sixth and a seventh configuration of the acceleration unit according to the invention;

Figure 13, a front view, C-C of figure 12, of the sixth configuration the acceleration unit according the invention, provided with a multiple acceleration face configured with columns of insert members;

Figure 14, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a configuration of a cylindrical acceleration block member part, B-B of the seventh configuration of the acceleration unit of figure 12;

Figure 15, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view the laying centre acceleration block part of figure 13;

Figure 16, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of second rotor provided with an attachment arrangement according the invention, for attachment of the first configuration of the acceleration unit to the rotor;

Figure 17, shows, diagrammatically, a side view of the rotor of figure 16.

BEST WAY OF IMPLEMENTING THE DEVICE OF THE INVENTION A detailed reference to the preferred embodiments of the invention is given below. Examples thereof are shown in the appended drawings. Although the invention will be described together with the preferred embodiments, it must be clear that the embodiments described are not intended to restrict the invention to those specific embodiments. On the contrary, the intention of the invention is to comprise alternatives, combinations, modifications and equivalents, which fit within the nature and scope of the invention as defined by appended claims.

Figure 1, shows, diagrammatically, the acceleration face (1) of a an acceleration member (2) of prior art, constructed of a base material wherein a plurality highly wear resistant hard metal insert members (4) are inserted in a base material. The insert members (4) have a squared insert working face (5) which are placed on top of each other as columns (6) of hard metal, alternating with rectangular base material sections (7), creating an essentially axially directed rectangular lattice structure (10). The base material is normally a steel alloy, which means that the wear resistance of the base material sections (7) is significantly lower than that of the hard metal insert working faces (5). Wear tends to concentrate along the weaker base material sections (7), which may cause the base material surrounding the insert members (4) to wear away, weakening the attachment, and causing the insert members (4) to break away prematurely - a process called wash-out - with the result that the acceleration member (2) can wear through very quickly, and cause heavy damage to the attachment arrangement and to the rotor (not shown here) before this is noticed.

The alternating columns (6) of insert working faces (5) stretch in axial direction (8) along the acceleration face (1) interrupt continuity of base material section in the radial direction (9), which hinders concentration of wear along the base material sections (7) to certain extend, but the resulting lattice structure (10) of figure 1 introduces, as is shown in figure 2, the possible development of an irregular wavelike wear pattern (11), essentially resembling a wash board, with concentration of wear (12) along the base member sections (7), in particular along the upper edges (14) of the base material sections (7), which may lead to wash out, which the invention aims to avoid.

Figure 3, shows, diagrammatically, a rotor (15) of the open type, comprising a rotor table (16), carried by a shaft member (not shown here), such that the rotor (15) is rotatable about an essentially vertically directed axis of rotation (0) in either one direction of rotation for one-way operation (17) of the rotor (15), or in two directions for two-way operation (18) of the rotor (15). The rotor (15) carries on top of the rotor table (16), here for illustration, four configurations of the acceleration unit according the invention: a first configuration (19) for one-way operation (17), and the second (20), third (21) and fourth (22) configurations for two-way operation (18) of the rotor (15).

The first configuration (19) of the acceleration unit (13) of figure 3 is further detailed in figures 4 to 10, and comprises, here, as is shown in figure 4 and 6, four associated radially aligned acceleration block member parts (23)(24)(25)(26), positioned, as is shown in figure 1 and 6, abut against each other - the invention allows for the acceleration block member parts to be positioned radially arranged at a radial distance apart as will be discussed later. The acceleration block member parts (23)(24)(25)(26) are each provided with an acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30), stretching in the direction of the outer edge (31) of the rotor (15), an inner acceleration block member part (23), positioned at a location a radial distance (32) away from the axis of rotation (0), provided with an iimer acceleration face part (27), an outer acceleration block member part (26), positioned at a location a greater radial distance (33) away from the axis of rotation (0) then the iimer acceleration block member part (23), provided with an outer acceleration face part (30), with two acceleration block member parts (24)(25) in between, creating an acceleration unit (19)(20)(21)(22) provided with a multiple acceleration face (34) of four associated radially aligned acceleration face parts (23)(24)(25)(26), positioned, such, that each acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30) contributes to the acceleration of the particle material, with the aid of at least the centrifugal force - when the particle material is fed to centre (35) of the rotating rotor (15), picked up by the inner acceleration face part (27), to be accelerated along all four acceleration face parts (27)(28)(29)(30), to be thrown (37) from the rotor (15) at high velocity from the outer acceleration face part (30).

The second (20), third (21) and fourth (22) configurations of the acceleration unit (18) according the invention are symmetrical to the radial plane (40) from the axis of rotation (0), and are each provided with two multiple acceleration faces (41)(42), for said two-way-operation (18), and the second configuration (20) is of two acceleration block member parts (43)(44).

As is shown in figure 4, each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26), comprising, a base member part (45), constructed of a base material, provided with a plurality of highly wear resistant insert members (46), according the invention possibly constructed of different kinds of insert materials, but always at least of an insert material with a wear resistance substantially greater than the wear resistance of the base material, fixedly connected to the base member part (45). Each insert member (46) provided with a highly wear resistant insert working face (47), with polygonal, here rectangular, configuration. According the invention, insert working faces (47) stretch at least along the acceleration face parts (27)(28)(29)(30). Insert working face (47) stretches in continuous way along the standing irmer edge (48) of the inner accelerating face part (27), to hinder concentration of wear along said standing inner side (48), and in continuous way along the outer edge (49) of the outer acceleration face part (30). The invention allows for both even and uneven configurations of the insert working face (47), in different configurations and relief; and is here provided with an uneven, flat pyramid, surface (50.

As shown in figures 5 and 6, each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26) is radially split, here, into five laying acceleration block parts (51)(52)(53), along laying separation joints (54), directed transversally to the radial plane (55) from the axis of rotation (0), a lower laying acceleration block part (51) and an upper laying acceleration block part (53), with three centre laying acceleration block parts (52) in between, each provided with a laying acceleration face part (56)(57)(58), creating an acceleration block member part (23) of twenty separate laying acceleration block parts (56)(57)(58), here of equal geometrical shape. According the invention the acceleration block member part is split in at least three laying acceleration face parts, possibly of different geometrical shapes, positioned abut on top of each other, firmly, but exchangeable, attached to the rotor (15), with the aid of a separate attachment arrangement (59), here similar constructed, as is shown in figures 16-17; but according the invention possibly differently constructed for each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26).

Each laying acceleration face part (60)(61), detailed in figures 7-10, stretches in axial direction between a lower radial edge (62) and an upper radial edge (63), of the laying accelerating block parts each radial edge (62)(63) stretching along a laying separation joint (54), creating an acceleration face part (27) of three laying acceleration face parts (56)(57)(58), here, each provided with two to three insert working face parts (64); according the invention with at least one insert working face part (64). The insert working face part (64) is here constructed of one insert working face (47), stretching in continuous way between two opposite edges (65)(66) of the laying acceleration face part (60)(61), detailed respectively in figures 5 and 7, which makes that the laying accelerating block parts (67)(68) are easy to manufacture, here, partly differently configured, positioned and oriented along the different laying acceleration face parts (56)(57)(58), providing, here, two differently configured laying acceleration face parts (60)(61) which are oriented along the multiple acceleration face (34), partly upside down, as shown in figures 5 and 6, such; - that, a multiple acceleration face (34) is created, partly constructed of insert working face (47) and partly of base material sections (69), saving on insert members (46); - that, the insert working face parts (64) interrupt essentially any continuity of base material sections (69) in both the entire radial direction (70) and in the entire axial direction (71) of each acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30), here achieved with a multiple acceleration face (34) that is configured, here, as a rectangular grid, shown in figure 6, (resembling a chequer board when the grid was square), with insert working face parts (64) alternating with rectangular base material sections (69), stretching, in series of radially directed rows (72) and in series of axially directed columns (73) along the acceleration face parts (27)(28)(29)(30), hindering concentration of wear along the base material sections; - that, the insert working face parts (64) stretch, as shown in figures 5 and 6, with straight edges (74)(75) along each separation joint (54)(76), alternating with straight edges (77)(78) of base material sections (69), here, along all separation joints (54)(76), interrupting continuity of edges (77)(78) of bases material sections (69) stretching along the entire separation joint (54)(76), hindering concentration of wear along the base material edges (77)(78) of said separation joints (54)(76); - that, insert working face parts (64) stretches in continuous way along any standing inner edge (48) of the inner accelerating face part (27), to hinder concentration of wear along said standing inner edge (48).

These conditions are met with the acceleration imit (13)(77) of figure 6, wherein six, or more, laying acceleration block member parts (67)(68), positioned abut against each other, create a rectangular grid (83) that interrupts essentially any continuity of the base material sections (69) in both radial direction (70) and in axial direction (71), can already be obtained with only two different simple laying acceleration block parts (67)(68), shown in figures 7-10, which are geometrical essentially similar but are each provided with a laying acceleration face part (79)(80) wherein the rectangular insert members (81) are differently configured and/or positioned and/or oriented, possibly upside down - to obtain a very long uninterrupted lifetime.

Creating, as is shown in figure 5-6, an acceleration imit (13) of twenty, laying acceleration block parts (67)(68), in two different configurations, which are easy to manufacture, limit handling weight, here less than 10 kg, and configured, positioned and orientated such that premature wash out of insert members (46) is hindered. The acceleration unit (13) according the invention allows for at least six laying accelerated block parts (67)(68), possibly differently configured, providing a multiple acceleration face (34) of at least six laying acceleration face parts (79)(90), of at least two different configurations. The laying acceleration block parts (67)(68) may be shifted around for one another, possibly upside down, for fiirther use, as will be discussed later.

The invention allows for at least the centre laying acceleration face part (82) of the outer acceleration block member part (26), that experiences the highest wear rate, to be completely covered with insert working face (47), as will be shown later.

The laying acceleration block parts (67)(68) are here rectangular configured, but the invention allows for at least one of the laying acceleration face parts (67)(68) to be not rectangular configured.

As indicated in figure 11, the laying acceleration block part (85) may, according to the invention, be provided with a pin opening arrangement (86) comprising two pin openings (87)(88) crossing each other perpendicularly, both pin openings (87)(88) fitting the pin member (not shown here), such that the at least part of the insert working face parts (89) may stretch in either axial or radial direction along the multiple acceleration face (not shown here).

Figure 12, shows, a rotor (107), provided, for illustration, with a fifth (90), a sixth (91) and a seventh (92) configuration of the acceleration unit according the invention. wherein the associated acceleration block member parts are differently positioned.

The fifth configuration of the acceleration unit (90) according the invention of figure 12, shows the acceleration block member parts (93) radially aligned, partly abut against each other, positioned, such, that the standing inner outer edge (94) of the inner acceleration face part (95) stretches along a radial plane (96) from the axis of rotation (0), and the standing outer inner edge (97) of the outer, here adjacent, acceleration face part, (98) is positioned at a location behind said radial plane (96), seen in the direction of rotation (99), creating a stepped multiple acceleration face (100), to limit the surface of the multiple acceleration face (100) that comes in contact with the particle material during acceleration, to limit wear along the insert working faces (101).

The sixth configuration of the acceleration unit (91) according the invention of figure 12, shows an acceleration unit (91), wherein, the acceleration block parts are radially arranged, such that the multiple acceleration face (102) provides a radial curvature (103), the radial curvature (103) remaining essentially constant during operation because the insert working faces (104) hinder radial channel formation along the curved acceleration face parts (105), as is the case with casted block members, the radial curvature (103) stretching in the direction of the outer edge of the rotor (107), here a concave radial curvature (103) but the invention allows also for a convex radial curvature (not shown here). According the invention, at least the inner acceleration face part (106) of the multiple acceleration face (102), may be provided with a curvature (103). The radial curvature (103) is defined with the aid of the contour corner (al) between the radial line (108) from the axis of rotation (0) crossing the curved acceleration face part (105), the radial curvature (103) being, either, constant along the curved part of the acceleration face (109) , or translating in a regular way between the location (110) where the curvature (103) starts and the location (111) where the radial curvature (103) ends. Contributing to hinder development of an irregular wear pattern, along the cxirved acceleration face part (109), in particular a wavelike, or washboard-like, wear pattern (11) stretching in the radial direction - as shown in figure 2 for a straight acceleration face (1).

Figure 13, shows a possible multiple acceleration face (102) of the sixth configuration of the acceleration unit (91) of figure 12, wherein, the insert working face parts (112) are placed on top of each other, in series of axially directed columns (113) stretching between the lower edge (114) and the upper edge (115) of the centre acceleration face part (116), alternating with base material sections (117) in between the columns (113), provided, along the upper edge (115) provided with an upper insert working face part (118) and along the lower edge (128) with a lower insert working face part (120), such that each base material section (117)) is enclosed, in radial direction (120) between said columns (113) of insert working face parts (112) and in axial direction (121) between said upper (118) and said lower (119) insert working face parts (112), the insert working face parts (112) and the base material sections (117) creating, essentially, an axially directed rectangular lattice structure (122) with insert working face parts (112) interrupting continuity of base material sections (117) in both the radial direction (120) and in the entire axial direction (121), the radial curvature (103) of the multiple acceleration face (104) hindering concentration of wear along the base material sections (117), in particular the formation of a wash board like wear pattern (11) from figure 2.

The seventh configuration of the acceleration unit (92) according the invention, of figure 12, shows an acceleration unit (92), wherein, the associated acceleration block member parts (123)(124) are arranged at a radial distance apart (125), creating a discontinuous multiple acceleration face (127)(128) - the invention allows for at least two consecutive acceleration block member parts (123)(124) to a be arranged at a radial distance apart (125) - to limit the total acceleration surface (127)(128) of the multiple acceleration face (127)(128), to save on insert members (129).

As indicated before, aeeording the invention, the acceleration block member parts (123)(124) have, according the invention, to be positioned such, that each acceleration face part (127)(128) contributes to the acceleration (133)(134) of the particle material, with the aid of at least the centrifugal force. The particle material is picked up by the inner acceleration block member part (123), aecelerated along the inner acceleration face part (127), to be thrown (133) towards the outer acceleration block member part (124) for corotating impact (131) with the outer acceleration face part (128), to be possible partly crushed, to be thrown (134) form the rotor (107) at high velocity for secondary impact with the impact ring surrounding the rotor (not shown here).

The outer aeeeleration bloek member part (124), detailed in figures 14 and 15, is, here, configured as a cylinder, circular about an axial cylindrical axis (00), fitting a circular cylindrical pin member (135), such that each circular cylindrical laying acceleration block part (136)(137)(138) is freely rotatable about said axial cylindrical axis (00), possibly independent of adjacent circular cylindrical laying acceleration block part (136)(137)(138). The centre laying acceleration face part (137) of the outer acceleration block member part (124), that experiences the highest wear rate, is here completely covered with insert working face parts (138). Furthermore, the point of gravity (139) of the centre circular cylindrical laying acceleration block member part (137) does not coincide with said cylindrical axis (00), achieved by providing the centre laying acceleration face part (137) with an axial opening, here two openings (141) positioned at radial distance (142) form said cylindrical axis (00), as is shown in figure 15, to achieve controlled self-rotation (140) when the centre laying acceleration face part (137) wears of during operation, such that the centre laying acceleration face part (137) wears off during operation in regular way around. The invention allows for each circular cylindrical laying acceleration block part (136)(137)(138) to be configured for such controlled self-rotation (140).

As indicated before, each acceleration block part member has its own or separate attachment arrangement - according the invention possibly differently configured. Figures 16 and 17, show a preferred separate attachment arrangement (150) for a accelerating unit (151)(13) with a continuous acceleration multiple face (152)(34), of figure 3, comprising, for each acceleration block member part (153), here, one axial pin member (154) and an associated axial pin opening (155) fitting the axial pin member (154); the axial pin member (154), stretching upwards from the rotor (156)(15), axially, firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor (156)(15); the axial pin opening (155), stretching through the laying base member parts (157) of the laying acceleration block parts (158), at a location behind the insert members (159). The second (20) and third (21) configurations of the acceleration unit of figure 3 shows acceleration block member parts (36) which are attached with the aid of two pin members (37)(38).

As shown in figure 15, for instalment, the laying acceleration block member parts (153) are slid downwards (160), with the pin openings (155) along the pin member (154), such that the laying acceleration block member parts (153) are easily detachable from each other for individual replacement and for shifting the laying acceleration block member parts (153) around for one another, possibly between different pin members, possibly upside down, such, that the expensive insert members (159) of each laying acceleration block member part (158) may be optimally utilized during operation, possible partly for fiarther use during successive operations, to limit wear costs.

As is shown in figure 17, the pin members (154) are attached to the rotor (156), easily and separately exchangeable, here, with the aid of an attachment block member (161), here of one part but according the invention of at least one part, carried by the rotor (156), fittingly inserted in a sleeve opening (162) inserted in the rotor (156), stretching into the direction of the outer edge (163) of the rotor (156), preferably in a radial direction. The attachment block member (161) is provided here, with, an upper laying side (164) stretching essentially along the top side (165) of the rotor (156), two standing radial sides (166) stretching into the direction of the outer edge (163) of the rotor (156), between a standing iimer side (167) facing the axis of rotation (0), and a standing outer side (168) essentially stretching along the outer edge (163) of the rotor (156), and a laying bottom side (169) stretching along the bottom side (170) of the sleeve opening (162);

The attachment block member (161) is here firmly but easily exchangeable attached to the rotor (156) in the sleeve opening (162) with a block attachment arrangement (171), here, with the aid of at least one lock member (172) stretching along each radial standing side (166), fixedly attached to the attachment block member (161), fitting a lock opening (173) in the sleeve opening (162), such, that the attachment block member (161) is centrifugally locked to the rotating rotor (156), hindering movement of the rotating attachment block member (156) in axial direction upwards (174) and in radial direction outwards (175). This is achieved with lock members (172), comprising a plate member (176) stretching along each radial side (166) of the attachment block member (161), each providing a protruding inner side (177), facing the axis of rotation (0), stretching axially angled downwards (178), into a direction away from the axis of rotation (0), possibly in discontinuous way, providing at least one first pressure side (179) fitting a second pressure side (180) in the lock opening (173) of the sleeve opening (162). The protmding inner side (177) is, here, provided with an essentially horizontal part (181), stretching into the direction of the outer edge (163) of the rotor (156), at a location (182) between the topside (183) and the bottom side (184) of the attachment block member (161), to further hinder upward movement (174) of the rotating attachment block member (161). For installation, the attachment block member (161) is slid dovmwards (186) into the sleeve opening (162), then moved outwards (187), centrifugally locking the attachment block member (161) to the rotating rotor (156), avoiding the need for any separate locking members, to hinder movement of the attachment block member (161) into axial direction upwards (174) and into radial direction outwards (174). The centrifugal force that is generated by the acceleration unit is here equally divided over the pin members (154).

As is shown in figure 17, a slid opening (188) is created along the inner side (167) of the attachment block member (161), when the attachment block member (161) is moved outwards (187) during installation for centrifugal locking. This slid opening (188) stretches here angled downwards (189) into the direction of the outer edge 163) of the rotor (156), throughout the rotor (156) in axial direction, such that particle material that may enter the slid opening (188) during operation is moved through (189) the slid opening (188) under influence of centrifugal force - it is preferred to construct said slid opening (188) somewhat radial widening in downward direction (189).

As is shown in figure 17, the attachment block member (161) is, here, provided with four pin holes (191), fitting the axial pin members (154), the axial pin holes (154) are along the bottom side (169) of the attachment block member (161) provided with a widening (192), and the axial pin member (154) is configured to fit said widening (192), such that upward movement (193) of axial pin members (154) is hindered. The pin members (154) are kept in place by the centrifugal force that is generated by the attachment block member (161) and the attached acceleration unit (151), which presses the attachment block member (161) downwards. For exchange of the pin members (154), the attachment block member (161) has only to be lifted when the pin member (154) can be easily removed and replaced by a new pin member (161). The acceleration block member parts (153) are centrifugally locked to the pin member (154), according the invention, possibly with a separate lock member (not shown here, for example a screw member (not shown here) along the top end (194) of the pin member (154), such, that upward movement (185) of the acceleration block member parts (153) is hindered.

The above descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been given with a view to illustrative and descriptive purposes. They are not intended to be an exhaustive list or to restrict the invention to the precise forms given, and having due regard for the above explanation, with the accelerating member according the invention many other modifications and variations of the configurations are, of course, possible and practical. For example, the attachment block member (161) can be configured differently and attached to the rotor in different ways; an attachment block member can be provided with a different attachment arrangement for attachment of other types of acceleration members, including shoes, mentioned before. The embodiments have been selected and described in order to describe the principles of the invention and the practical application possibilities thereof in the best possible way in order thus to enable others skilled in the art to make use in an optimum manner of the invention and the diverse embodiments with the various modifications suitable for the specific intended use. The intention is that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims according to reading and interpretation in accordance with generally accepted legal principles, such as the principle of equivalents and the revision of components.

Claims

1. An acceleration unit, for aceeleration of particle material with the aid of at least centrifugal force, comprising: - at least one acceleration unit (13), carried by a rotor (15) of the open type, on top of the rotor table (16), the rotor (15) carried by a shaft member (not shown here), such that the rotor (15) is rotatable about an essentially vertieally directed axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction of rotation (17); - the acceleration unit (13), eomprising, at least two assoeiated acceleration block member parts (23)(24)(25)(26), either radially aligned or radially arranged, possibly differently configured, each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26) provided with at least one acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30), stretching in the direction of the outer edge (31) of the rotor (15), an inner acceleration block member part (23), positioned at a location a radial distance (32) away from the axis of rotation (0), provided with at least one inner acceleration face part (27), and an outer aceeleration block member part (26), positioned at a location a greater radial distance (33) away from the axis of rotation (0) then the inner acceleration block member part (26), provided with at least one outer acceleration face part (30), creating an acceleration unit (13) provided with at least one multiple acceleration face (34) of at least two associated acceleration face parts, the acceleration block member parts (23)(24)(25)(26) positioned, such, that each rotating acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30) contributes to the acceleration of the particle material, with the aid of at least the centrifugal force; - each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26), comprising, at least, a base member part (45), constructed, at least, of a base material, provided with a plurality of insert members (46), possibly constructed of different insert materials, at least, of iin insert material with a wear resistance substantially greater than the wear resistance of the base material, fixedly connected to the base member part (45), each insert member (46) provided with a highly wear resistant insert working face (47), with polygonal configuration, with an even or uneven surface, stretching, at least partly, along each acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30); Characterized in that: - each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26) is radially split, into at least three laying acceleration block parts (51)(52)(53), along laying separation joints (54), directed transversally to the radial plane (55) from the axis of rotation (0), a lower laying acceleration block part (51) and an upper laying acceleration block part (52), with at least one centre laying acceleration block part (52) in between, each provided with at least one laying acceleration face part (56)(57)(58), creating an acceleration block member part (51)(52)(53)of at least three separate laying acceleration block parts (56)(57)(58), possibly of different geometrical shapes, positioned abut on top of each other, firmly, but exchangeable, attached to the rotor (15), with the aid of a separate attachment arrangement (150), possibly differently constructed for each acceleration block member part (23)(24)(25)(26). - each laying acceleration face part (56)(57)(58) (60)(61), stretching in axial direction between a lower radial edge (62) and an upper radial edge (63), each radial edge (62)(63) stretching along a laying separation joint (54), creating an acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30) of at least three laying acceleration face parts, each provided with at least one insert working face part (64); - each insert working face part (64) constructed of at least one insert working face (47), stretching in continuous way between two opposite edges (65)(66) of the laying acceleration face part (51)(52)(53), possibly differently configured and/or positioned and/or oriented along the different laying acceleration face parts (51)(52)(53) (60)(61), such: - that, a multiple acceleration face (34) is created, partly constructed of insert working face parts (64) and partly of base material sections (69), saving on insert members (46); - that, the insert working face parts (64) interrupt essentially any continuity of base material sections (69) in both the entire radial direction (70) and in the entire axial direction (71) of the acceleration face parts (27)(28)(29)(30), hindering concentration of wear along the base material sections (69); - that, straight edges (74)(75) of insert working face parts (64) stretch along each separation joint (54)(76), alternating with straight edges (77)(78) of base material sections (69) along at least part of the separation joints (54)(76), interrupting continuity of edges (77)(78) of bases material sections (69) stretching along the entire separation joints, hindering concentration of wear along the straight edges (77)(78) of base material sections stretching along of said separation joints (54)(76); - that, insert working face parts (64) stretches in continuous way along any standing inner edge (48) of the inner accelerating face part (27), to hinder concentration of wear along said standing inner edge (48); - to be achieved with, at least, two differently configured laying acceleration block parts (67)(68), providing, at least, two differently configured laying acceleration face parts (60)(61), oriented along the multiple acceleration face (34), possibly partly upside down; - creating an acceleration unit (13)(77) of at least six, partly different, laying accelerated block parts (51)(52)(53), which are easy to manufacture, limit handling weight, and may be shifted around for one another, with a multiple acceleration face (34) of at least six laying acceleration face parts (56)(57)(58), configured, positioned and orientated such that a regular wear pattern develops and premature wash out of insert members (46) is hindered.

2. An acceleration unit (13)(77), for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, the associated acceleration block member parts (23)(24)(25)(26) are radially aligned, abut against each other, creating a continuous multiple acceleration face (34);

3. An acceleration unit (90), for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, the associated acceleration block member parts (93), are radially aligned, abut against each other, positioned, such, that the standing inner outer edge (94) of the inner acceleration face part (98) stretches along a radial plane (96) from the axis of rotation (0), and the standing outer inner edge (97) of the outer acceleration face part (98) is positioned at a location behind said radial plane (96), seen in the direction of rotation (99), creating a stepped continuous multiple acceleration face (100), to limit the surface of the multiple acceleration face (100) that comes in contact with the particle material during acceleration, to limit wear along the insert working faces (101);

4. An acceleration unit (92), for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, the associated acceleration block member parts (123)(124) are radially arranged, with at least two consecutive acceleration block member parts (123)(124) arranged at a radial distance apart, creating a discontinuous multiple acceleration face (126), to limit the total surface of the multiple acceleration face (126), to save on insert members (129);

5. An acceleration unit (13)(77), for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, at least one acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30) of the multiple acceleration face (34) is configured as a rectangular grid (83), or a square grid (resembling a chequer board), with insert working face parts (64) alternating with rectangular base material sections (69), stretching, in series of radially directed rows (72) and in series of axially directed colunms (73) along the acceleration face part (27)(28)(29)(30), the insert working face parts (64) interrupting any continuity of the base material sections (69) in both the entire radial direction (70) and in the entire axial direction (71);

6. An acceleration imit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, at least one acceleration face part of the multiple acceleration face is configured with: - insert working face parts (124) placed on top of each other, in series of axially directed columns stretching between the lower edge and the upper edge of said acceleration face part, alternating with base material sections (126) in between the columns (125) - the base material sections, each, along the upper edge provided with an upper insert working face part (133) and along the lower edge (128) with a lower insert working face part (134), such that each base material section (126) is enclosed, in radial direction (131) between said columns (125) and in axial direction (132) between said upper (133) and said lower (134) insert working face parts; - the insert working face parts and the base material sections creating, essentially, an axially directed rectangular lattice structure with insert working face parts interrupting continuity of base material sections in both the radial direction and in the entire axial direction;

7. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, at least the centre laying acceleration face part of the outer acceleration block member part, that experiences the highest wear rate, is completely covered with insert working face;

8. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, wherein at least the inner acceleration face part of the multiple acceleration face, is provided with a curvature (326), the curvature remaining essentially constant during operation because the hard metal insert parts hinder radial channel formation along the acceleration face parts, the curvature stretching in the radial direction, either a radially concave curvature or a radially concave curvature (324), contributing to hinder development of an irregular wear pattern along the curved acceleration face part, in particular a wavelike, or washboard-like, wear pattern stretching in the radial direction;

9. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 8, wherein, the radial curvature is defined with the aid of the contour comer (al) between the radial line from the axis of rotation crossing the curved acceleration face part, the radial curvature being, either, constant along the ciuved part of the acceleration face, or translating in a regular way between the location where the curvature starts and the location where the curvature ends;

10. An acceleration unit for acceleration particle material according claim 1, wherein, the acceleration unit is configured symmetrical to the radial plane from the axis of rotation (0), for possibly two-way operation (177) of the rotor (176);

11. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein, at least one of the laying acceleration face parts is not rectangular configured

12. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 11, wherein, at least one of the acceleration block member parts is configured as a cylinder, circular about an axial cylindrical axis, fitting a circular cylindrical pin member, such that each circular cylindrical laying acceleration block part is freely rotatable about said axial cylindrical axis, possibly independent of adjacent circular cylindrical laying acceleration block part;

13. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claims 12, wherein the point of gravity of at least the centre circular cylindrical laying acceleration block member part of the acceleration block member part does not coincide with the cylindrical axis, to achieve controlled self-rotation, such that the laying acceleration face part wears off during operation in regular way around;

14. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material, according claim 1, wherein, the insert working face () covers not more than 60% of the continuous multiple acceleration face ();

15. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein the handling weight of the laying acceleration block member parts (149) does not exceed 10 kg;

16. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 1, wherein: - the separate attachment arrangement comprising at least one axial pin member and an associated axial pin opening fitting the axial pin member; the axial pin member, stretching upwards from the rotor, axially, firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor; the axial pin opening, stretching through the laying base member parts of the laying acceleration block parts, fitting the pin member; - the laying acceleration block member parts, slid downwards, with the pin openings along the pin member, for instalment, such that the laying acceleration block member parts are easily detachable from each other for individual replacement and for shifting the laying acceleration block member parts around for one another, possibly between different pin members, possibly upside down, such, that the expensive insert members of each laying acceleration block member part may be optimally utilized during operation, possible partly during successive operations, to limit wear costs;

17. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 16, wherein, the laying acceleration block part is provided with a pin opening arrangement comprising two pin openings crossing each other perpendicularly, both pin openings fitting the pin member, such that the at least part of the insert working face parts may stretch in either axial or radial direction along the multiple acceleration face;

18. An acceleration unit, for acceleration of particle material according claim 16, wherein; - the rotor is provided with an attachment block member, of at least one part, fitting a