NL1039946C2 - VARIOUS DRIVES AND MODELS OF THE HEXA-TETRAHEDRON PROPELLER. - Google Patents

Description

Title: Various drives and versions of the Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller.

The invention relates to a new method of propelling and pumping liquid, viscose and / or gaseous media such as water, oil, organic and biological liquids, liquid and viscose nutrients, plasma, liquid sand and other liquids as well as air and other gases.

Due to the reversibility of the system, the invention 10 also relates to a new way of generating energy.

The invention furthermore relates to a new way of water and air regulation and ventilation systems.

Due to the linear scalability, the invention has applications on a mega, mezzo, mini, micro and nano scale.

With the invention a new method has been developed that makes it possible to propel, with greater and constant efficiency and smaller dimensions compared to the conventional propeller systems, vessels, on and under water and aviation machines.

The efficiency gain of the "Hexa-Tetrahedron" rotor, compared to conventional propulsion systems, is achieved with the invention by the fact that the propulsion of the medium takes place almost exclusively in the unidirectional and longitudinal or axial direction.

According to the invention this can be achieved by a specially developed principle of six hinged tetrahedral elements placed in a hexagonal frame.

The name "Hexa-Tetrehedron" therefore stands for the six "Tetrahedrons", which form a closed hexagon in a "Hexagone" form.

The spatial positions of the points (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K) of the Hexa-Tetrahedron (Figure 1A) can be described with the formulas indicated in Figure 1B. These formulas can be interpreted with the methods from the linear algebra and are used for the computerized simulation of the visual prototype.

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The invention further relates to the industrial applications of this figure, also known as a kaleidocycle. The six monolithic tetrahedron-shaped spatial bodies of the Hexa-Tetrahedron are hereby replaced by six circular and hinged dams, which, due to this hinged movement, provide a substantially rearward-facing print image (Figure 1A (2)).

The formulas in Figure l.B. contain the description of the kinetic properties of these six circular dams by means of two directional vectors (Dvl and Dv2) and a support vector 10 (Sv) as a function of a rotation angle (phi2), z-orientation (o), phase (p) and location variables (labda and mu). By varying the angle of rotation (phi2) from 0 to 360 degrees, the z orientation (o) from 0,1,2,3,4,5, the phase (p) zero or pi divided by two radians and mu from zero up to a half and labda between min root a fourth min mu squared and plus 15 root a fourth min mu squared, with the formulas all x, y and z coordinates in the space on the dams can be calculated.

Figure 1.C. gives in side view the movement curve and the angles of rotation of a single axis (AB). This movement curve is known in mathematics as a cardioid and is obtained from a dual rotation.

In words, the kinetic formulas say that the movement of points A and B (and thus the axis AB) is obtained from a rotation through the double angle of rotation (2xphi2) relative to the point between the center and highest point plus a rotation opposite over the single turning angle (-phi2) relative to the point of rotation in the center of the axis.

The angle of rotation phi2 in figure 1.C. due to the geometric architecture of the Hexa-Tetrahedron, it does not run linearly from 0 30 to 360 degrees. This follows mathematically from the analysis of the viewing angles of the sheets AB and CD which are orthogonal to each other in a phase shifted by 90 degrees over the entire period.

Comparing (but not exactly the same) to the angles of rotation of cardan coupling or universal joint known in mechanical engineering, the weir blades receive an acceleration, the speed of which is greatest during the turning movement against the inflowing medium.

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It could be proven that the non-linear angle of rotation phi2 is obtained from the linear angle of rotation phi by infinite superposition of harmonic components of sine wave (2phi), sine wave (6phi), sine wave (10phi) and so on.

These harmonic components are highly converging such that in the case of three harmonics the residual or error of the position angles of the orthogonal weirs already differs in the order of magnitude by only one millionth from the perfect orthogonal position. The graphs of the non-linear dependence on phi2 and phi are shown in Figure. 1C (1) The formula for determining the non-linear phi2 from the linear phi is given in Figure 1.D.

Due to their movement, the six weir blades provide center-symmetrical and phase-shifted pressure components which together produce a pulsating pressure wave in the longitudinal or axial direction of propulsion.

With these kinetic formulas, the theoretical maximum drive efficiency could be set at more than 95%. In other words, more than 95% of the energy used to drive the weir blades will result in a thrust directed in the longitudinal direction of the pumping direction or opposite to the sailing / flying direction. The lost 5% of the energy added to the system is the resistance of the system to the inflowing medium.

Compared with most existing propulsion systems such as screws, propellers, centrifugal pumps, etc., the propulsion system is free of a radial rotation torque (English Torque). This "torque" as a result of a rotating fluid is lost energy and is dependent on the versions and speed.

The Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller therefore works without "torque" and generates a pulsating pressure wave to the rear when rotating without rotating the medium.

With the kinetic formulas, the propulsion properties such as thrust (Trust), pitch (Advance), volume displacement (Dissplacement) could also be determined as a function of the shaft length of the propulsion blades, the shape of the propulsion blades and the speed of the drives, (Figure 2A.).

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In the tables of Figure 2B. One can see, among other things, that a system with round dams with a diameter of 10 cm. approximately 9 liters of the medium per 48 cm displacement per revolution and provides a thrust of approximately 4.3 Newton 5 in water. The entire Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller will have a diameter of approximately 25 cm with these dimensions of the weir blades.

The thrust increases to the fourth power with the increase in the diameter of the weirs and quadratic with the speed. This corresponds to the propulsion laws from hydromechanics.

10 Since the Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller does not have centrifugal force components such as the propeller (Torque), both the efficiency and the compactness of the Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller (diameter, trust ratio) is significantly better than with the conventional propeller. An additional advantage with respect to the ship propeller is that due to the lack of centrifugal forces, the efficiency is independent of the ratio of bow speed and propeller speed, which leads to an "optimum" (limited) efficiency at one particular rotation speed and lower efficiencies at the given propeller speed. higher and lower rotational speeds. In theory, with the Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller, this is constantly high over the entire speed-speed spectrum. The Hexa-Tetrahedron is therefore linearly scalable.

The final operational efficiency is further determined by the product of the propulsion efficiency of the propulsion principle, the propulsion efficiency (friction, gear clearance, etc.) and the hydrodynamic efficiency of the propulsion blades (degree of fluid swirling and possibly cavitation). This will differ greatly per drive principle.

According to the laws of hydrodynamics and the well-known "actuator 30 disk theory", the maximum achievable drive efficiency of an ideal drive system is determined by the so-called "trust coefficient" (Ct) according to the formula: "return is the quotient of two and one plus the root from one plus the trust coefficient ". With the propulsion of the Hexa Tetrahedron, this ideal propulsion efficiency is achieved to a high degree. The Hexa Tetrahedron trim is essentially different from any radial rotating system due to the torque free operation.

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The hydrodynamic parameters are then predicted with the laws of the actuator disk theory and momentum theory shown in Figure 2.C.

The propulsion movement and properties according to the kinetic formulas 5 and performance as indicated form claim 1 of this patent description.

The invention furthermore relates to the possibilities of driving other hexagon shapes in similar ways in addition to a hexagon. The hexagon is the first mathematically plausible form that can be controlled with the drives described below. All equally polygons (eight, ten, etc.) can be realized. However, the hexagon is the only closed form and therefore the most compact with the best ratio of weir surface and diameter. Figure 3. shows the octagon shape (Octa-Tetrahedron) with the larger gap between the blades. Such a system with eight or more even number of blades can also be useful for applications where artificial flow must be created in water with living organisms that can then move freely through the gap. Stowing efficiency is also rising for these systems c. a. 95%.

The invention relates to the possibility of designing the drive completely mechanically with linear rotation at six fixation points (FP) according to the geometry as in figure 4.A. indicated. It has been established and proven that the Hexa-Tetrahedron can be fixed to the "fixed world" at these fixation points because the distance from these points to the centers of the axes AB and CD is constant throughout the rotation. Together, the fixation points form the "fixed world points" of the entire system. These fixed world points can all be used for the suspension, mechanical drive and power transmission of the Hexa-Tetrahedron. Depending on the application and force load, these points of engagement can be carried out with gears, roller bearings and or hydraulic motors (gerotor). For this the hexagon must have more space and the diameter will become larger than in the formulas of the indicated coordinates. Figure 5. indicates that if an additional length is used for the mechanical suspension and drive at the fixation points, the radius of the hexagon then increases by 2X this length. Similarly, a suspension / drive on the rotation axis itself that requires an additional length along the x-axis will lead to an increase in the radius of the hexagon of the root from three times this length.

The previously indicated mathematical non-linearity of the drive at the points in figure 1B. (1) is comparable, (but is not exactly equal) to the non-linear rotation that occurs with a universal joint (Cardan joint) at an angle of 30 degrees. .

This could be proved mathematically by calculations using linear algebra methods using cross products and internal products of the vectors that determine the positions of the axes of the dams.

Through this analysis, the drive can be plate-mounted with individual motors or, for example, a hexagonal Cardan ring. (Figure 4.B.). The gears of this Cardan ring (Figure 4.B. (1)) are mounted on the fixation points and are driven linearly with a constant rotation speed.

The invention further relates to the possibility of keeping the geometric position of the blades alternately (Figure 6.A) at right angles to each other by the blades at their ends with the hinged universal joint (Figure 6.B.) to tie together. The weir therefore pivots in the mathematically determined position with a linear drive of the fixation points with a conventional gear transmission.

Figure 6.C. shows the various hinged movements in the different points and axes. The entire movement over a turning angle phil consists of successively:

1. a hinged rotation at the center of axis AB

(x = 0, y = 1/2, z = 0) over an angle of pi divided by three times sine phil in the plane z = 0 (Figure 6.C. (1)), 2. a hinged rotation over the z-axis (x = 0, y = 0) over an angle of minus pi divided by three times cosine phil 35 (Figure 6.C. (2)), 7 3. a rotation at the center of the axis AB (x = 0, y = 1/2, z = 0) through an angle of minus phi2 in the plane x = 0 (Figure 6.C. (3)), 4. a rotation at the point x = 0, y = 3 / 4, z = 0 over an angle of 5 twice phi2 in the plane x = 0 ((Figure 6.C. (4)).

Herein phil and phi2 are determined in the formulas of figure 1.A. Viewed from the front view (z = 0), the four operations in Linear Algebra indicate the position of the blades as indicated in Figure 6.C. (5). Figure 6.C. indicates the operations for phil equal to 45 10 degrees. Figure 6.D. gives a table with the data for various other angles up to 90 degrees. The angles of rotation from 90 degrees to 360 degrees are determined from the symmetry properties of the Hexa-Tetrahedron from the information in this table.

The hinged coupling of the weir surfaces (weir blades) can be realized in various ways and offers many possibilities of embodiments which all have the same result; namely, the longitudinal driving movement of the dams as described in the foregoing text and the formulas in Figures 1.A. through I.D ..

Figure 1.A. gives some possible versions of a 20 mechanically driven Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller with a 12-angled Cardan ring. The main drive can be applied trivially, optionally conically or longitudinally, to one of the linear cardan shafts and brought into rotation with a conventional motor. The "filter rotator" in this image is a flow-free rotor rotating with flow that will filter out any large objects in the water such as organisms, tree branches and ice outside the propeller. Objects smaller than the filter input will flow freely in the space between the blades.

A possible embodiment using direct drive with electric motors (Fig. 7.B. (1)) at the fixation points is shown in Fig. 7.B .. The complete step-by-step construction of this version is shown in Figs. 18.A to 18.H ..

With reference to Figure 7.C. the operation of the mechanical and direct driven Hexa-Tetrahedron can be explained as follows; Twelve (electrical) motors 7. C. (1) are mounted in a hexagonal frame 7. C. (2). These motors drive gear transmissions 7.C. (3). on which the rotation at the 8 fixation points 7.C. (4). realizes. Through the sliding and hinged rings 7.C. (5). in the barges 7.C. (6). make these blades on the hinge shafts 7.C. (7). The movement as mathematically described in Figures 1.A to 1.D.

The drives at the fixation points with the dodecagonic cardan ring and / or direct drive with electric motors together with the transmissions and hinge action in the blades forms claim 2 of this patent application.

The invention furthermore relates to a complete electromagnetic drive through an integrated magnetic ring construction and induction coil in the weir blades.

The dams are made with non-magnetic material (for example carbon fiber) and provided with a magnetic ring core, preferably in the middle of the dams (Figure 8.A.). The hinged coupling is provided with an induction coil which is wound around the magnetic core according to the hinged movement. The core can move freely in the magnetic field.

The induction coil can be kept completely isolated (galvanically isolated) from the medium (e.g. water) because it is not fully rotating (n x 360 degrees) but hinges about plus and minus 30 degrees about the universal joints at the fixation points. The electrical wiring is arranged separately from the medium in the mechanical axes. The rotation at the fixation points can be carried out separately from the medium by a watertight bearing with additional conductive ball bearings in the fixation points, (figure 8.B.) The watertight fixation points can also be realized by high air pressure pipes whereby air lubrication is also obtained.

By feeding the induction coils in the system with an electric current which corresponds to the mathematically determined movement of the hinge action in the blades (Fig. 8.C.), the system makes the results shown in Figs. 1.A through 1.D. described movement.

Microprocessor-controlled power electronics in a control unit ensure optimum integrated electromechanical control, without mechanical gears, transmissions and cardan ring. By using pulse width modulation (Eng.

9 PWM) techniques, the efficiency of the electromagnetic drive can be optimized.

9A. gives the possible electronic diagrams of the microprocessor-controlled electromagnetic drive as a so-called "embedded system". This contains the pulse width modulator (Figure 9A. (1)) that controls the power control (Figure 9A. (2)) of the two induction coils. The microprocessor (Fig. 9A. (3)) reads the associated pulse length from the memory at each phase of a "binary degree" (0-360 degrees becomes 0-256), calculates the pulse length corresponding to the desired speed and places it in both registers of the pulse width modulator. The table of 256 phase moments and 256 speed levels (64kByte) has been calculated and is loaded into the ROM memory. This table is shown in Figure 9.B. The pulse width modulator counts 256 clock pulses and determines the length of the pulse for the two induction coils. The power controllers have two inputs (A, B). This determines the field direction of the magnetic field in the induction coils.

The efficiency of the electromagnetic drive can be very high (95% to 99%) depending on the quality of the version. An additional major advantage of the integrated electromagnetic drive is the fact that the electric motor is integrated into the propulsion system and not on board to be placed.

The electromagnetic drive described as an "embedded system" forms claim 3 of this patent application.

Figure 10. provides a transparent view of the system in the electromagnetic version in different phase positions.

The invention further relates to the possibility of hydraulically or pneumatically driving the Hexa-30 Tetrahedron propeller with an integrated hydraulic pump / compression chamber system.

Hydraulic motors (Gerotor motor, vane pump, worm wheels, etc.) can of course be used to replace the drives of the Cardan ring and / or the gear wheels at the fixation points (as in claim 2). These techniques are not seen by the inventors as an innovation in the context of this application because they are existing systems. Nevertheless, these embodiments are reported as a possibility of driving the Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller.

Hydraulic motors usually work at very high moments of force and low speeds and have a limited efficiency (typically less than 85%).

The invention provides an integrated hydraulic drive, wherein the compression / decompression chambers are arranged in the dams themselves. This brings, just as in the electromagnetic embodiment, the moment of force to the place where it can also be best applied; namely on the hinging action of the coupled weirs themselves. Mechanical transmission is therefore unnecessary and fewer losses occur.

Figure 11 shows a possible embodiment of the weir with a provision of a pressure chamber. The coupled hinge element contains the piston which, due to the hinge action, makes the pressure chambers alternately larger and smaller by pumping in and out the hydraulic medium (preferably air or clean water due to environmental aspects). The hydraulic pipe system is integrated into the moving shafts and brought out through the fixation points in the housing.

A hydraulic pump (on board) applies the desired pressure variation (sine and cosine) that is pumped through the tube system and sets the piston in the blades in motion.

For the purpose of this embodiment, a "reversing" device is provided in the fixation points (Figure 12.) which precisely in the correct position of the dam blades (namely; exactly vertical at 0 degrees) reverses the dam direction in the pressure chambers in the blades.

In this position the rotation appears to be at a dead point, but because the adjacent blades are then exactly at the maximum pressure position, the blades throughout the system pull each other through the full rotation.

The hydraulic medium is kept under constant high pressure by a compressor vessel and valve, as conventionally used in hydraulic systems.

The hydraulic sine / cosine pump is obtained from the principle that a sinusoidal suction and pumping action can be obtained from the composite rotation of a point about two axes of rotation. (This is also the main principle of the Hexa-Tetrahedron as described in this patent application).

Figure 13. shows the principle of this movement. The rotation around the center (x = 0, y = 0) combined with an opposite rotation of this center of twice the angular velocity around (x = 0, y = 0.5) causes the piston to make a sinusoidal movement in one direction (top to bottom or bottom to top depending on the direction of rotation). The piston axis makes exactly the same cardioid movement as the thrust axes in the Hexa-Teraheder.

The invention relates to the embodiment of the described sine / cosine pump as a propulsion motor which makes the required pressure variation in the pipe system.

Figure 14. shows the concept of this pump with main drive 15 (Figure 14 (1)), pressure cylinder (Figure 14 (2)), double and counter-rotating piston shaft (Figure 14 (3)) and piston (Figure 14 ( 4)). By rotating the main drive, the sinusoidal pressure variation is created in the system and the medium flows from the inlet (Figure 14 (5) to the outlet (Figure 14 (6)) .The two pressure images for the axes AB and CD are obtained by running the pump twice on the same main drive, whereby the piston shafts are placed perpendicular to each other.

The expected efficiency of the integrated hydraulic drive will be higher than 85% and is largely determined by the resistance experienced by the hydraulic medium in the entire system relative to the thrust to be supplied in the blades.

A major advantage of hydraulic drives is that when environmentally neutral liquids and gases are used as hydraulic medium (so clean water and air), the clearance between the axles and the spaces between dams and hinge devices fill with the hydraulic medium. This makes bearing unnecessary and lubrication of the moving parts. This reduces wear, friction and maintenance.

The integrated hydraulic drive described, with sine / cosine pump, tube system, reversing device in the 12 fixation points and compression / piston operation in the hinges of the dams, forms claim 4 of this patent application.

Figure 15. shows an implementation option of the Hexa-Tetrahedron as a pneumatic / hydraulic system. By way of illustration, in this embodiment use is made of additional partitions and a rotating wheel on the axis of rotation. This gives the system more fixed world points and allows greater forces to be transferred.

The invention also relates to the reciprocal (reversible) operation of the systems of claims 2, 3 and 4, provided that when the Hexa-Tertrahedron propeller is placed in a self-flowing medium, the dams will rotate and the flow energy is converted in kinetic energy of the 15 dams. These are: kinetic rotation energy in the case of the mechanical cardan drive, electrical energy in the case of the electromagnetic drive and flow / pressure energy in the case of the hydraulic drive.

The Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller will be a good alternative for hydroelectric power stations and wind turbines.

Because the outward flow pressure is forced through the center, no swirls occur (wind shadow) and the mills can be placed on and turbines a shorter distance apart.

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Finally, the invention relates to the shape of the weir blades as a circular blade with hydrodynamically determined profiles and the various variants thereon as well as the inner wall of the nozzle in which the Hexa-Tetrahedron propeller is placed to increase the weir efficiency and hydrodynamic efficiency.

By applying a profile to the weir blade, the propulsion power can be increased because, in addition to resistance, there is also lift due to the pressure difference generated. Figure 16. shows a possible embodiment of the circular blade with a profile that provides an improved efficiency under certain circumstances.

Figure 17. shows the shape of the inner wall nozzle that is determined by the geometric path of the dams.

Claims (2)

Figures 18A to 18.H. finally give a step-by-step and conceptual assembly and construction possibility from the individual components for the entire system as indicated in claim 2. The embodiments of the systems indicated in claims 3, 4 and 5 follow as variants thereof trivially from the descriptions in this application. A hexagon framework is assembled from six separate parts (18.A). Twelve (electrical or hydraulic) motors are fitted with gears in pairs with 15 shrinkage fittings and mounted in the hexagon frame. (18.B.) The gear housings are mounted with gears and mounted on the frame. (18.C.) The cardan joint at the fixation points are provided with bearings 20 and shafts with sliding ring parts for in the weir blades (18.D.). The slide ring parts are provided with slide bearings for mounting the weir blades (18.E.). The dams with bearings are mounted on the sliding ring parts. (18.F.) 25 The Hexa-Tetrahedron (without nozzle) is ready. (18.G and 18 .H.)