NL1017077C1 - Light-converting film, coating or glass producing visible light suitable for photosynthesis, useful for increasing greenhouse crop yields, comprises a combination of luminescent pigments - Google Patents

Abstract

Light-converting film, coating or glass producing visible light suitable for photosynthesis comprises a combination of luminescent pigments.

Description

New license converging materials for agriculture and horticulture.

The invention relates to better utilization of the total spectrum of sunlight energy for greenhouse plants in agriculture and horticulture by adding a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments to polymer coating materials.

Most horticultural crops are grown in / under greenhouse cover materials, where sunlight is the main light source. There are light-transparent films, plastic sheets and glasses that transmit or partially transmit UV / IR (Ultra Violet / InfraRed) light. By adjusting the photo-selective properties of cover materials, it is also possible to use the UV / IR radiation for plant production. Starting from this, lamps have been constructed that mainly emit light of the wavelength required for the photosynthesis process. In these lamps, which provide little heat, an electric discharge takes place in mercury vapor; the emitted ultraviolet radiation is converted into visible light by fluorescent powders on the inside of the glass wall. However, these lamps are expensive to use, and are therefore also used less often in floriculture. Instead of changing the light spectrum by means of additional lighting with artificial light, the light spectrum in the greenhouse can also be changed by special filters or greenhouse cover materials that filter out certain parts of the sunlight spectrum.

Various polymeric materials are known for coating systems in agriculture and horticulture based on polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrol, polymethylmetacylate and copolymers, which contain various photo-selective pigments, in order to achieve a positive influence in plant growth in the right combination and composition. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,300 describes a polymer film with an additive which absorbs 90% UV radiation. This film thus has effective absorption properties, but has a low light transmission of up to 60% in the visible area and without conversion of absorbed UV-IR into red / blue or green light. French patent application 2,419,955 describes a polyolefin plastic for agriculture and horticulture, which is made from a composition containing> 80% by mass of polyolefin, e.g. polyethylene or copolymer of vinylazetate and ethylene, and 1-15% by mass of a mixture of Al (OH) 3 and Alunit sulfate of alkali metals of formula (SO 4) 4 M6 M2 120H, where M3 is 3+ 2 valent metal and M1 is 1+ valent metal. 0.05-2 mass% UV absorption pigment, such as benzophenone or benzotriazole, has also been added to this composition. This polyolefin plastic has good diffusion properties, but has no UV conversion to the red, blue or green area of the PAR.

Japanese Patent Specification 53-13650 describes an agriplastic material with UV-absorbing properties. There is a method for obtaining this type of plastics by mixing the plastic raw material and the resin with plasticizers, thermostabilizers, e.g. TiO 2, CaCO 3, with pigments such as ash and dyes, e.g. with blue and green phthalocianin paint. Polyvinyl chloride, polystyrol, polypropylene and polymethyl methacrylate can be used as artificial raw material resin. As plasticizing agents, derivatives of Phthal, maleic, citric and other acids are useful. Furthermore, this yellow composition will be processed in extrudor in the film with a thickness of 100 mkr. The film produced has the following properties: - Absorption in the UV-A region 350-380 nm of 90% - No conversion of absorbed UV or IR radiation in red / blue or green light.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,220,736 describes a plastic molding composition containing (wt.%) 100 low density thermoplastic polyethylene, ethyl a copolymer with 5-20% vinyl acetate or their mixture, and 1-20% of 20 polyacetal. Plastics based on this composition have a higher% of light transparency and are sturdy and flexible compared to produced films of only low density polyethylene. In the applications of this type of plastics in agriculture and horticulture as a covering material, the temperature in the air of the outer surface of the plastics has an increase of 0.9-1.3 Grad.C than in the case of a lower density polyethylene plastics. This plastic has no effective absorption of UV radiation.

The international patent WO 94/05727 describes a composite material for filtering solar radiation. 0.5% Dioctyl phthalate is added as an adhesive to high-density polyethylene granules (extrusion type suitable for film production, MF14), followed by mixing in a tumbler mixer until the surface of the granules has become homogeneously wet. After the addition of 1% of a green interference pigment, the mixing is continued for a short time, with the result that the pigment platelets form a uniformly strong layer on the granulate. The color mixture obtained in this way 3 is formed by means of a film-blowing extruder into a film of 200 mkr thickness. The plastic materials based on interference pigments have a higher diffuse light transmission of approximately 80%, good thermal properties and a blocking of UV radiation.

EP-A-03 98 243 describes polymeric mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture that contain a green absorption color and a UV stabilizer. The green “sheets” and films absorb a large part of the solar radiation that promotes photosynthesis and plant development (PAR), and allows enough solar radiation to heat the earth under such plastics. Such mulch films reduce the growth of weeds, but they have the disadvantage that the photosynthetically active radiation is absorbed and lost for the useful plant.

Thermal multi-layer plastics are offered in Japanese Patent Specification No. 54-105,187. For the production of these materials, polyethylene, polypropylene and others are used, which have been modified in 0.01-1% with unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g. with akrylic, methacrylic, maleic, fumaric, itaconic acid and others, and also etangydrides, estem, amides or with a mixture of modified and unmodified polymer. Such films have good thermal properties, but are less effective at absorbing UV light harmful to plants, which explains that there is no conversion to red / blue or green light or their combination in the P AR region. Japanese Patent Specification 54-159,481 describes a plastic with transparent, heat-insulating properties, weather resistance and flexibility, persistent against dust and cold water, multi-layer with an outer surface consisting of polyethylene with a density of 0.925 g / sm3, a middle layer of copolymer ethylene with 14-28% of vinyl acetate and / or copolymer of vinyl alcohol with 20-80% of olefin-ethylene and an inner layer of high-density polyethylene, copolymer-ethylene-vinyl acetate or their mixture. But these plastic materials have insufficient absorption in the UV area and no converting properties.

U.S. Patent No. 5,771,630 describes an agricultural and horticultural coating material such as fluororesin film with properties of UV absorption 300-330 nm and transformation into visible area 400-800 nm. But this material has a lower quantum efficiency in the red PAR region 600-650 nm and no converting properties from UV or IR to a color composition of red / blue or green light in the visible range of spectrum.

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Mexican Patent No. 9600095 describes a polymer plastic based on polychromatic additives from Mitsui Shikiso Chemical Co. LTD, which are added in a mixing process with different concentrations of 0.5 to 2.5%. F1 = WPL-304D and F2 = LYB-321D. The described variants of chromatic additives are generally produced on the basis of organically pure components and organic systems on the basis of organic compounds. Due to its chemical nature, a pure organic additive cannot give meaningful conversion properties to polymer materials. The service life of 12-14 months is very short, which explains the very low photostability of the film 10.

The SU patent No. 667463 describes a polymeric coating material with properties of UV absorption and transformation to the red region of the spectrum. But this material has very low photo stability for up to two months and can only transform UV into orange-red light. Another Russian patent No. 2113812 and the basis of chemical pigments with UV absorbing properties and transformation from UV to the orange-red spectrum 580-630 ran. The spectrum shows an intense red emission under ultraviolet excitation. The emission spectrum shows emission lines in the orange-red region with a maximum of 628 nm. It shows that this intense red emission can be obtained under UV radiation of wavelengths between 280 and 400 nm, with a maximum of 320 nm. The spectrum shows that the component added to the film is responsible for the conversion of UV radiation to red emission 580-630 nm. The spectra confirm that the films (60 and 120 mkr) give a red emission when they are excited by UV radiation. The disadvantage of these films is a very low quantum efficiency of the photoluminescence and a non-optimal utilization of absorbed UV for plant photosynthesis. The amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measured without films was 43.3 nmol / m2 / s. A low reference filter / foil 180 mkr reduced this to 37.5 nmol / m2 / s. The transmission value for diffuse PPF is therefore 86.6%. For the same foil to which 0.5% "Ksanta" pigment has been added, the amount of PPF passed is 36.5 nmol / m2 / s, or a transmission of 84.3%. Transmission measurements were made by means of UV-A radiation (1 Philips 40W color 12 tube with wide-beam reflector 50 cm above sensor of spectraradiometer as the only light source in Weiss climate cabinet).

UV-A radiation (300-400 nm) without film was 13.25 nmol / m2 / s. The reference film reduced this amount to 11.81 nmol / m2 / s (transmission 89.1%), the film with 0.3% of pigment to 11.55 nmol / m2 / s (transmission 87.2%). The increase in photons in the range 610-630 nm in the films with 0.3-0.5% pigment relative to the reference filter 5 is resp. 0.040 and 0.080 nmol / m2 / s. Converted to the amount of incident UV radiation (13.25 nmole / m2 / s) this means that of these resp. only 0.3 and 0.6% if red light is transmitted. From the difference in UV transmission of the reference foil and the foils with the pigment, it can be calculated that the foil with 0.3% pigment absorbs 1.63 nmol / m2 / s UV and that with 0.5% 1.70 nmol / m2 m2 / s. With an increase in red light of resp. 0.04 and 0.08 nmol / m2 / s, this means an efficiency of between 2.5 and 4.8% (proportion of absorbed UV that passes through the filter as red light). The amount of UV radiation in, for example, the Netherlands / Belgium varies during the season and reaches a maximum value of about 1.13 MJ / m2 / s in the summer (Velds, 1992). (1.13 * 8.322 * 330 Agem.) * 10-3). With a conversion of 5% and a daylight sum of 8.62 20 MJ / m2 / day (= 8.83 * 8.362 * 530 (Agem.) * 10-3 = 50 mol / m2 this is an increase in PPF of only 0 15/50 * 100 = 0.5%.

The light transmission measurements show that the polymer plastics absorb a very small amount of UV radiation with 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% of this addition, so that it is not possible for a substantial part of the UV radiation to be converted to a wavelength to be used for plants. (Measurements on photoluminescence “Ksanta” films. AB-DLO, IMAG-DLO. Wageningen. The Netherlands).

The international WO 98/06510 patent describes a pyrolytic coating of glass with indium oxide. Indium oxide coatings, in particular doped (e.g. with fluorine or tin) indium oxide coatings, on glass, as is known, have a high light transmission and electrical conductivity. This coating has light transmission properties of infrared reflective as a good thermal material. But it has a low absorption of UV radiation or conversion properties from UV or IR to red / blue or green light in the visible range of spectrum.

It is an object of the invention to by means of adding a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments to polymer coating materials, such as plastics, coating or glass in agriculture and horticulture, better utilize the total spectrum of sunlight energy for greenhouse plants by increasing energetic efficiency in the PAR fraction.

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A placement in ultraviolet light sometimes makes the dullest minerals radiate a fantastic-bright color. The short waves of UV radiation are not visible to our eyes, but they induce an excitation in the atoms of some minerals, whereby energy is emitted in the form of visible light. This property, known as fluorescence or luminescence, occurs with some minerals, but not with others. A luminescent solid is called a phosphorus. This word comes from the Greek: phosphorus means luminous. They are mainly inorganic solids, usually in powder form. Phosphorus is produced by heat treatment. The components are mixed together, together with the minor but necessary impurities, and heated in an oven. All other impurities are drastically removed. The phosphorus crystallizes due to the heat, whereby the desired impurity is incorporated into the crystal structure. Then a dry powder is formed, the phosphorus, which looks like flour. A large number of so-called luminescent materials are known today, these are substances that can be converted with the aid of visible light or, in general, into a form other than the original radiation form. These phosphors have in common that the luminescent center is an ion of one of the rare earth metals, e.g. in terms of emission color and efficiency. The color is not only dependent on the rare earth ion contained in a phosphor, but sometimes also on the wavelength of the irradiated light and the crystal in which the ion is incorporated. Rare earths are those chemical elements in the periodic table of elements where one of the electron levels, the 4f inner shell, is filled with a maximum of fourteen electrons. The rare earth ions emit light in sharp lines of olf length. These sharp emission lines are characteristic of a certain rare earth ion. The efficiency of these phosphors is very high: the quantum efficiency is around 90%. This means that a phosphor pigment emits ninety as visible light for every hundred absorbed ultraviolet photons. It is known that light is a type of wave motion and the color of light depends on its wavelength. The excess energy of the electrons in the filament of the phosphor pigment is released as light energy. Every excited atom emits a tiny bundle of these, a photon. The color of the light, the wavelength of the light and the size of the energy beam are directly related to each other. Bundles of blue light 7 have more energy than bundles of green light, which in turn have more energy than bundles of red light. The longer the wavelength (red light has the largest wavelength of visible light), the smaller the energy bundle. Green light has more of a tgie than yellow light, because yellow light has a larger wavelength. The quality color 5 of the light beam or photon or efficiency depends on the wavelength. The energy of each quantum depends on the frequency (vibrations) of the radiation: the higher the frequency (so the shorter the wavelengths), the greater the energy of each quantum.

Powder phosphors have a white color in daylight. The powder particles have a diameter of a few micrometers. There are different ways to bring phosphors into an "excited" state, so that they start emitting light. In all cases, the phosphor in one form or another receives energy, which in turn is emitted in the form of light with the required wavelengths. For example, UV light or IR light is a form of energy that corresponds to visible light. Under UV or IR radiation, rare earth phosphors glow blue, green and red respectively. A mixture of the three or two phosphors emits apparently white light. When white light passes through a filter (glass), it is split into different colors. The mixed wavelength mixture is then arranged and, as a result, the light splits into the colors of which it is composed: each color with its own wavelength. These colors are like the visible spectrum. It is therefore possible to adapt this spectrum to the demands of the plant; be it to the general requirements of photosynthesis, be it to the special requirements of certain stages of development: germination, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting. By mixing two or three different phosphors, such as addition, with luminescent colors blue and red, or red and blue and green, the film, coating or glass obtains a broad emission band in the visible spectrum (PAR). By using two or three instead of an emission, material gains more possibilities to combine a good emission color with a high quantum efficiency. The optical characteristics of UV / IR converting film, coating, glass materials based on inorganic luminescence pigments are highly preferred in the agricultural and horticultural sector. In agriculture and horticulture it is advisable to consider the spectral band from 400 to 780 nm in the short-wave solar radiation: the visible part of the PAR-photosynthetic active radiation spectrum. Within this visible spectrum, the wavelength of the radiation determines the color of the light: violet 400-455 nm, dark blue 455-485 nm, light blue 485-505 nm, 8 green 505-550 nm, yellow green 550-575 nm, yellow 575- 585 nm, orange 585-620 nm, red / far red 620-760 nm. Radiation with a wavelength smaller than 400 nm is called ultraviolet UV and with a wavelength greater than 760 nm infrared IR. Infrared radiation A 780-1400 nm, IR-B 1400-3000 nm. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the 5 infrared rays lie between visible light and the radio waves. The wavelengths of these radiations are longer than those of visible light, but shorter than those of radio waves. Infrared rays correspond to light rays from the sun. Infrared wavelengths range from 7,700 A to 4,000,000 A or 4x10 °. Not all UV radiation emanating from the sun reaches the earth's surface. The earth receives very little ultraviolet light naturally, since the ozone layer in the atmosphere blocks it. UV-C 200-280 nm is absorbed into the atmosphere. A part of the UV-B 280-320 nm does not reach the earth either. Wavelengths smaller than 320 nm are harmful to living things. UV-A radiation has a wavelength range in 320-400 nm.

Ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic radiation whose wavelengths run from '120 A to 3: 900 A (an Angstrom is one-ten minutes of one millimeter). Because its surface is around 6,000 ° C, the sun glows: emits a large amount of electromagnetic radiation, most of which consists of visible light. However, the sun also emits infrared and ultraviolet rays. The assimilation process in the plant uses all wavelengths for general photosynthesis. In promoting the rowing and flowering of plants, blue (400-480 nm) and red (660-735 nm) light are of great significance. These wavelengths influence the periodicity (the moment of flowering) and the morphology (the shape of the plants). The red area is the so-called "action spectrum". This action spectrum is closely related to the absorption spectrum of the light-absorbing complex in the plant. The chloroplast: the colorant or pigment it contains, the chlorophyll, captures the light energy and transforms it into chemical energy in the form of sugars and other energy-rich substances that form the body of the plant.

Physiological research has shown that the “phytochrome” pigment that absorbs the necessary light occurs in two forms: one form that absorbs red light (P 660), and another form that responds to far-red radiation (P 735). When the form P 660 is irradiated by red light, it changes to P 735. The absorption of the spectrum of the photosynthetic pigments in the plant measures the amount of light that they absorb with respect to varied wavelengths. The chlorophyll has two absorption bandwidths, one in blue and one in red. The carotenoid absorbs shorter wavelengths in 400-500 rose and appears as yellow or red. Phycoeiythrin, which absorbs blue throughout the light, is red and phycocyanin, absorbs the long waves, and appears as blue. The transfer of energy from one type of pigment to another type follows an established sequence. The carotenoid, which absorb the blue light, pass their excitation energy to phycorythrin. Energy received in this way, as well as the energy of green light, absorbing it directly through phycoerythrin, is transferred to phycocyanin. Phycocyanin absorbs the orange light and passes the accumulated energy to the chlorophyll A. Chlorophyll B 10 releases its energy directly to chlorophyll A without loss. The detected forms of chlorophyll A, the maximum absorption of red and far-red wavelengths vary from 660.670.680.685.690 and 695 to 735 nm (C.Stacy French of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Plant Biology). The fluorescence emission spectrum of pigment system 1 is strongest at 735 nm, with smaller bands at 684 and 695 nm.

The pigment system 2 peaking at 685 and 695 nm are more important.

The spectral region of the photosynthetically active radiation PAR consists of 400 to 760 nm wavelength, which makes up approximately 45% of the incoming solar radiation. The solar radiation spectrum contains approximately 3% UV light and approximately 52% infrared light. At the theoretical maximum efficiency of photosynthesis, 8 photons are needed to reduce a molecule of CO2: a so-called quantum yield of 1/8 or 0.125.

Plants cannot use this UV / IR light for photosynthesis. Because the yield is in many cases directly proportional to the amount of light, the conversion of UV or IR radiation to a color light combination wavelengths in the PAR area required for plants is an attractive option.

For this purpose one can successfully use UV / IR converging polymer materials with high absorption in the UV or IR region and a conversion of absorbed UV / IR photons to the red / far-red light (620-660-735nm), blue light ( 400-500 nm) or green-yellow light (500-580 nm) with added pigments, in which inorganic luminescence pigments / phosphors in a combination of red + 30 blue / green, or red + blue + green, or their mixture with upconverting IR pigments are suitable is.

A suitable mixture can be made with the following phosphors, in which rare earth metals act as activators:

Red luminescent phosphors - or Y 2 O 2 S: Eu 3+; or (Y, Gd) BO 3: Eu; or YVO 4: Eu; or SrS: Eu; or Gd 2 O 2 S: Eu; or La 2 O 2 S: Eu; or NaCdS2: Eu2 +; or NaYS2: Eu2 +; or Y 2 O 2 S: Tb, Eu; or (Zn, Cd) S: Ag;

Blue luminescent phosphors - or BaMg2 Al116027: Eu3 +; or Sr5 (PO4) 3 Cl: Eu3 +; 5 or GdA103: Ce; or; or SrGa2S4: Ce;

Green luminescent phosphors: or Gd 2 O 2 S: Tb; or SrGa 2 S 4: Eu; or Y3 (A1, Ga) 5012: Tb; or Gd 2 O 2 S: Pr; or Gd 2 O 2 S: Pr, Ce, F; or La 2 O 2 S: Tb;

Phosphors can not only emit visible light when irradiated with energy-rich UV radiation from sunlight, but in special cases can also convert the invisible infrared radiation into visible light. This process is called upconversion.

A suitable mixture can also be made with Infra-red luminescent phosphors: or CaS: Eu, Sm; or CaS: Ce, Sm; or SrS: Eu, Sm;

Tabl. 1

Chemical Particle Size Emission composition Activator Mkr. color

La202S Eu3 + 3.5-10 625-710

Gd202S Eu3 + 3.5-25.0 620-710 Y202S Eu3 + 7Ü 620-710 (Zn, Cd) S Ag 6.0-10.0 red YV04 Eu3 + 5.0 660 (Y, Gd) B03 Eu3 + 3.5 620-710 Y202S Tb, Eu 2.5-5.0 red

SrS Eu3 + 5.0 red

NaCdS2 Eu2 + red

NaYS2 Eu2 + red

BaMg2Al 16027 Eu3 + 3.5-7.0 450

Sr5 (PO4) 3 Cl Eu3 + 3.5-7.0 blue

GdA103 Ce 8.0 blue

SrGa2S4 Ce 5.0 blue Y3 (A1, Ga) 5012 Tb3 + 2.5-8.5 543

Gd202S Tb3 + 2.5-8.0 green __ 11__

La202S Tb3 + 2.5-10.0 green

SrGa2S4 Eu3 + 5.0 535

Gd202S Pr, Ce, F 2.5-8.0 green

Gd202S Pr 2.5-8.0 green

Infra-red Excitation (nm) Emission (nm)

CaS Eu, Sm 5.0 650

CaS Ce, Sm 5X) 510

SrS Eu, Sm 5.0 red 4Λ 661.676.685

Polymer materials based on the different phosphorus combination can be used in use, such as covering materials in agriculture and horticulture. The UV / IR converting polymer materials such as plastics, coating, glass in use for agricultural and horticultural purposes, should therefore have the following properties: - Optimal absorption of UV / IR radiation.

- Conversion properties for absorbed UV / IR to red or blue or green light.

- A higher quantum efficiency in the PAR area (400-500 nm), (660-735 nm); - Longer photo stability and service life (5-10 years) - Light-transparent.

The added value of the phosphorus pigments in thermoplastic polymers is 0.1-0.3-0.5-2.5%. The spectral composition of the emitted red, blue or green light is dependent on the composition of the luminescence powder. Phosphorus types are selected (Tabl.l) that emit red, green and blue light. (The three color light emissions in the PAR, deliver the total intensity of light, if they are combined). The absorption coefficient of UV or IR depends on the wavelength of the nature of the absorbent phosphorus and on the concentration in which that substance is present.

The polymer with these additives for inner or outer layer is formed into plastics 20-200 mkr according to known methods.

Thick films are obtained by extrusion of granules or powders (which may be partially gelled). The polymer is first cold mixed with the phosphorus powder combination additive, and then heated to 120 degrees C. with stirring. This mixture is then converted into a homogeneous mass at temperatures up to 180 ° C and 12 more, and this is introduced into an extrusion press, from which they emerge as thick plastics. A thermoplastic polymeric material is used that can easily be formed into composite materials such as light-transparent films, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polycarbonate (PC), polymethacrylate (PMMA) or a mixture of transparent polymers. A polymeric material that can easily be formed into a composite material such as a light-transparent coating based on polyester or polyepoxy resin. A material that can easily be formed into composite material such as light-transparent glass based on silicate glass and their modification, combination with polyester resins and other silicones. A polymeric material is used that can easily be formed into composite material such as transparent plastic sheet based on PVC, GUP, PC, PMMA. Luminescent plastic material is measured in a Perkin-Elmer LS-50B spectrofluorimeter, equipped with a pulsed Xe lamp. Strips of 5 * 1.4 cm are cut from the foil; these are placed in a mushroom cuvette and exposed at an angle of 45 degrees. The emission is then measured at 45 degrees relative to the film. Spectral resolution excitation and emission monochromators: 10 nra and 2.5 nm, respectively. A 350 nm cut-off filter is used to prevent 2nd-order light interference. The wavelength calibration of the emission monochromator is checked by means of an Argon calibration lamp and was found to be in order within a tolerance of 0.5 nm. When interpreting the peak ratios at 45 nm, 620 nm and at 700 nm, the relative quantum efficiency, which usually decreases with longer wavelengths, must always be taken into account. With the R928 detector used, it is approximately 20% in the 450 nm region (blue), approximately 8% in the 620 nm region (orange) and approximately 5% in 686-705 nm (far-red). Derive the relative intensities of the blue and red emissions in plastic using the relevant integrated pie surfaces. These amounts after correction for the associated detector sensitivity resp. 58100 counts for the 410-500 nm region and 10100 counts for the 580-710 nm region. The blue emission is therefore almost six times more intense than the red one. The excitation spectrum of the blue emission shows a maximum at 320 nm. The excitation spectrum of the red emissions is very wide in the UV range <350 nm. The relative intensities of the spectra show that the red luminescence does not change or decrease after irradiation, but on the contrary even increases slightly. This would mean that the luminescent combination material in question is very photostable. The increase could possibly be explained by photochemical degradation of other UV-absorbing components such as UV stabilizer in the film. The film samples are checked, such as: Reference (UV stabilization only); luminescence 5 plastics with UV stabilization after 0 hours of WOM exposure; Luminescence plastics with UV stabilization exposed after 500.1000.1500.2000 hours in WOM. The wavelength regions in the blue and in particular in the red / far red are optimal for absorption by chlorophyll, a green pigment that occurs in all plants. The light transparent UV / IR converting materials can also be used in agriculture and horticulture and for building construction as a thermal insulation material. A positive effect is achieved on the thermal comfort due to the higher inside surface temperature. This is because these materials also have temperature-regulating properties, particularly in cold periods, where the temperature rises 2-6 degrees Celsius, which is directly related to energy saving. With increased activity of the sun, large temperature fluctuations and heating do not occur (i.e. an equalized curve of peak temperatures depending on nature and fluctuations per day). For the application of this type of materials, the following priority list applies: housing, recreational sector, large collective systems, glass and horticulture (also cultivation of algae culture), scientific research and industry.

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Example 1:

A mixture of 100 parts by weight of low-density polyethylene granules (extrusion type suitable for film production), 1000-5000 ppm parts (0.001-2.5%)% by weight of La2O2S: Eu3 +, 1000 ppm parts of BaMg2A116027: Eu3 + with particle size 2-8 mkr and (4000-8000 ppm wt% of light stabilizer of oligomeric Hals was processed in an extruder and kneaded at 200-220 grad.C, and extruded from T-die to a film with a thickness of 0, 2 mm The film appears to have the same transparency, strength and flexibility as a film with only low-density polyethylene Emission in red / blue light and excitation by UV light.

Example 2

A film with a thickness of 150-200 mkr. Was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of the inorganic luminescence pigments used therein La202S: Eu3 + and a blue inorganic luminescence pigment BaMg2A116027: Eu3 + a mixture of a green inorganic luminescence 14 phosphorus La202S: Gd (3-8 mkr.), blue phosphorus BaMg2 Al116027: Eu and with red inorganic luminescence pigment La2 O2 S: Eu3 + was used. Emission in red / blue / green light and excitation by UV light.

Example 3:

A film with a thickness of 150-200 mkr. was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 with the exception that instead of the BaMg2 Al116027: Eu3 + used an IR luminescence pigment CaS: Eu, Sm (5 mkr) was used. Emission in red light and excitation by UV / IR light.

Example 4:

A film with a thickness of 150-200 mkr. was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of the lanthanum oxysulphide Europium used in Example 1.2, a gadolimium oxysulphide: Europium Gd 2 O 2 S: Eu 3+ or other red luminescence pigment from Tabl. 1, it was used that instead of the BaMg2 Al16027: Eu3 + used in Example 1.2, an Sr5 (PO4) 3 Cl: Eu3 + or other example 1.2 used La2O2S: Tb a Gd2O2S: Tb or other green luminescence phosphorus from Table 11. was used. Red / blue / green light emission and UV light excitation.

Example 5:

A film with a thickness of 150-200 mkr. was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 with the exception that instead of the La2 O2 S: Eu3 + used in Example 3 a Gd2 O2 S: Eu3 + or other red luminescence pigment from Tabl.1 was used instead of the CaS used in Example 3: EuSm an SrS: EuSm (5mkr) or other IR luminescence pigment from Tabl. 1 was used. Emission in red light and excitation by UV / IR light.

Example 6

The combination of the mentioned pigments in examples 1-5 can be used in low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyamides, copolymer blends or predominantly vinylidene chloride monomers and ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, salts or sulfonared elastomers, polypropylene, an ethylene / propylene copolymer, an ethylene / butylene copolymer, an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl acrylate or a blend of transparent polymers.

Claims (8)

1. Converging polymer coating materials based on combined luminescence pigments, with optical properties of a useful color light composition for plant photosynthesis in the visible spectrum. 5 2. Converging film according to claim 1, characterized in that a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments, in particular red phosphorus La2O2S: Eu3 + and blue phosphorus BaMg2A116027: Eu3 +, is used as an additive for inner or outer layer. 3. Converging foil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for inner or outer layer as an addition a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments, in particular Gd202S: Tb3 +, La202S: Eu3 +, BaMg2Al16027: Eu3 + with a concentration of 0.1-0, 3-0.5-0.75% is applied. 4. Converging foil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for inner or outer layer as an addition a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments, in particular IR phosphorus SrS: Eu, Sm, and one or two of said pigments in claims 2+ 3 is applied. Converging foil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for inner or outer layer an addition of inorganic luminescence pigments from Table 11 is added as an addition to which a relative emissions of color composition is combined with a high quantum efficiency in the PAR. A converging film according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer is a low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyamides, polypropylene, an ethylene / propylene copolymer, an ethylene / butylene copolymer. polymer, an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl acrylate or polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, or a mixture thereof. A converging glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass is a silicate glass and their modification, or combination with polyester resins, to which is added a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments from Table 11, to which the spectral composition of the emitted light in the PAR is dependent on the composition of the luminescent powder. Converging coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating is a polyester or polyepoxy resin to which is added a combination of inorganic luminescence pigments from Tabl, to which the spectral composition of the emitted light in the PAR is dependent on the composition of the luminescence powder. Method for growing agricultural crops with increased yield, characterized in that the ultraviolet / infrared converging materials according to claims 1 to 8 are used as a covering material for agricultural and horticultural use.