MXPA99011199A - Method and device for sewage treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

La invención se refiere a un método para volver a usar las aguas residuales, en el cual se recuperan por separado el agua, el suelo y/o las aguas negras. Esto es seguido por la filtarción en membrana de las aguas del suelo recuperadaspor separado y la separación sólido/líquido de las aguas negras recuperadas por separado. La invención se refiere preferiblemnte a un método para producir agua potable de las aguas del suelo y una o más de sus componentes reales. La invención también se refiere a un dispositivo para para volver a usar las aguas negras, asícomo al uso de dispositivos.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for using wastewater comprising separate collection of soil water and / or sewage and membrane filtration of separately collected soil water and / or separation of solids. liquid from sewage collected separately. The present invention preferably relates to a process for producing potable water from ground water or from one or more of its partial streams. In addition, an apparatus for producing potable water from ground water and an apparatus for using sewage and its use are described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present method comprises the treatment and recycling of wastewater streams collected individually separately from soil waters and sewage, which are preferably divided into fecal waste water and urinal waste water and can be collected separately, in order to provide a pre-condition for highly efficient water management in regions with water problems. The process is preferably based on the selection of separate routes of sewage and soil and preferably also on the use of water-saving toilets.

Soil water can be used to produce drinking water. Individual partial water streams can be pretreated separately and used to produce drinking water. One aspect of the process is the use of seawater desalination plants in the treatment of soil water. The effects achieved in the desalination plant are not only a substantial elimination of residual substances and a simultaneous sanitation condition, but also a great reduction of the osmotic pressure. The basic underlying idea of the process is the maximization of the concentration of mineral fertilizers by open circulation of liquids by collecting the wastewater together with the fraction of organic waste in the discharge of wastewater treatment plants. The nutrients from the urinal wastewater can be collected separately by means of toilets and separation urinals and can be recovered anaerobically. Black or fecal wastewater is oxidized for nitrification and is reused for toilet and urinal discharges, and is thus used only as a means of transport, in which nutrients can be concentrated and discharged. In addition, nitrates can be used as a rubbing aid for solids in the first solid / liquid anaerobic separation. In the case of making organic fertilizer, there is an additional cycle. This liquid cycle begins with the irrigation of the fertilizer with the effluent from an aerobic wastewater treatment step. The nutrients released when the fertilizer is made are washed in this way and concentrated at the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant, irrigating water supplied to the aerobic treatment step. Appropriate measures can also be taken to avoid denitrification to a large extent depending on the variants of the process. The theoretically smallest discharge volume of approximately 2 l / (PE * d) and the possible drying of the mineralized nutrient allows the treatment without difficulties and recycling without odor of the nutrients to the nutrient cycle. The biological residual is processed together with any resulting sediments in order to produce biogas and fertilizer.

Substrates of Departure Definitions Waste and dirty water are the sum of parameters of all types of individual waste streams of industrial or domestic origin. The following individual wastewater streams are of particular interest here: Fecal wastewater is defined as wastewater which is only loaded with faeces (eg from the faecal outlet of the urine-separated baths); other wastewater of similar composition from other sources may be mixed here. Urinal waste water is defined as waste water loaded only with urine and products of all types of urinals and / or exits loaded with urine from baths with urine separation; in this case, also, other wastewater of similar composition may be mixed products from other sources. Blackwater is defined as wastewater loaded with both urine and faeces, for example from all types of toilets and urinals. Wastewater from urinals and / or fecal wastewater can be drained and collected in a separate sewer network. In addition, sewage and / or its partial streams of urinary wastewater and faecal wastewater may be received in torrents in the same sewer networks, and treated separately. In cases of particular similarity with respect to pollution parameters, other sewage from agricultural activities (eg liquid manure from pigs) and / or from other sources may be mixed. Soil water is defined as domestic sewage which is not loaded or highly laden with urine and / or feces and / or is defined as other sewage of similar composition from laundries and / or other sources, which can be received in a or several separate sewer networks. Depending on their origin and / or composition, they can be subdivided into several partial streams of soil water. Soil waters can be composed of all conceivable combinations of all imaginable numbers of domestic wastewater and similar sources, but should not contain sewage (feces and / or urine), although a portion of fecal wastewater and / or Urinals mixed with one or more partial streams of soil water do not make a difference for this definition.

Bath as used herein is the general term for all types of baths. The bathrooms with water supply can be divided into baths of discharge and bathrooms with water saving. Discharge baths are conventional baths which are commercially available today and may also be equipped with water saving devices (for example, a water saving key). The water-saving bathrooms are special constructions with a high water saving effect, such as, for example, vacuum baths, urine separation baths, etc. Urinals are all types of separate urine outlets with or without water discharge, such as simple runoff, urinals with individual or automatic water discharge, free water urinals, etc. Biological waste is defined as biologically degradable waste products which may contain biologically inert components. Carbon as used herein is defined as referring to all organic carbon compounds (CSB and BSB) that may be contained in sewage and soil and in biowaste. It can also refer to carbonates. Nitrogen as used herein is defined as referring to all organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds that may be contained in black water and soil waters and in biological waste.

Phosphorus as used herein is defined as referring to all organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds that may be contained in sewage and soil waters and in biowaste. Filtration covers all methods of filters and / or coarse mesh and / or fine mesh (filtration) that can be used in the purification of wastewater and recovery of drinking water. It includes all known methods of filtration and / or membrane for a skilled person, such as ultra or microfiltration, which are described for example in the volumes of ATV, Ulmann's Enzyklopádie, and other technical literature and technical journals, for example Korrespondenz Abwasser, etc. . , and / or available in the market. In addition, process improvement additives can be added. Solid / liquid separation covers all separation processes for liquid and solid materials that can be used in domestic wastewater purification and drinking water recovery, such as v. g. , sedimentation, and that they are suitable (hydrocyclone classifiers, for example, do not lend themselves to solid / liquid separation in larger equivalent connection sizes of people). For example, all types of filtration processes including reverse osmosis and / or other membrane processes for solid / liquid separation can be used. They include all processes for solid / liquid separation known by a skilled person, such as, for example, adsorption processes, precipitation, filtration and membrane processes, sedimentation and flotation processes, etc., which are described, for example, in ATV volumes of Ullman's Enzykiopádie and other technical literature and technical journals, v. g. , Korrespondenz Adwasser etc. , and / or available in the market. In addition, process improvement additives can be added. Fixed bed processes cover all the processes in which sessile microorganisms grow in a fixed and / or mobile matrix, such as runoff filters, RBC (bio-rotating contactor) filters and rotating disks, all types of ground filters, Fluidised bed processes, sand filter, planted soil filters, etc. They include all the processes that are known to an expert, which are described, for example, in the volumes of ATV, Ullman's Enzykiopádie and other technical literature and technical journals, v. g. , Korrespondenz Adwasser etc. , and / or available in the market. In addition, process improvement additives can be added. Processes of activated material that include all the processes in which microorganisms float freely in the liquid to be treated, such as, for example, activated sludge processes, SBR plants (sequential lot reactor), etc. They include all the oxidation processes based on microorganisms that are known to an expert and are described, for example, in the volumes of ATV, Ullman's Enzykiopádie and other technical literature and technical journals, v. g., Korrespondenz Adwasser etc., and / or available in the market. Process improvement additives can also be added. Oxidation by microorganisms, step of aerobic treatment and wet oxidation are synonymous within the meaning of the present invention and are the generic terms of processes of fixed bed oxidant and activated material and other processes that resemble nature.

They include all processes that are known to a skilled person, such as oxidation based on microorganisms, which are described, for example, in the volumes of ATV, Ullman's Enzykiopádie and other technical literature and technical journals, v. g. , Korrespondenz Adwasser etc. , and / or available in the market. Process improvement additives can also be added. Carbon removal covers all processes to remove carbon from a liquid. It comprises all processes that are known to an expert, such as oxidation based on microorganisms, v. g. , adsorption processes, v. g. , precipitation processes and v. g. , chemical oxidation processes, etc. , which are described, for example, in ATV volumes, and other technical literature and technical journals, v. g. , Korrespondenz Adwasser etc. , and / or available in the market. 1 .2 Comparison of partial flows of domestic wastewater Most people know little about the dirty water produced by our civilization. As a rule, they do not know that it can be composed of very different "wastewater". Within the meaning of this invention the term "partial wastewater stream" and the term "partial stream" are used as synonyms. The following Table 1 is a compilation of the approximate distribution of blackwater and soil water components. The "black water" and "soil water" columns show the distribution percentage of the wastewater components.

Table 1 Sewage and Soil Profiles Parameters Sewage Soil Waters Quantity 20-30% 70-80% Carbon 50-60% 40-50% Total Nitrogen > 99% < 1% Phosphorous > 99% < 1% * Sulfur > 98% < 2% Microelements > 95% < 5% Pathogenic Bacteria > 99% < 1% *) values for the use of phosphate-free detergents.

The values indicated in Table 1 are maximum values that can vary in individual cases. The existing studies are not significant enough. Table 1 shows that it makes little sense to mix black water with soil water. In the case of nutrient deficiency in soil water, or in any combination of partial streams of soil water, a portion of the oxidized nutrients from the wastewater can be added for complete carbon degradation.

Table 2 shows the sources from which the individual material loads come from.

Table 2: Origin of Pollutant Loads Parameter Carbon Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Source g / (E * d)% g / (PE * d)% g / (PE * d)% Soil Waters 15 40 > 0.2 > 1 Stools 17 46 1 .5 1 1 0.6 43 Urine 5 14 12.2 88 0.8 57 Total 37 100 13.9 100 1 .4 100 Table 2 shows the different charges of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from the sources "soil water", "feces" and "urine". The different loading profile of feces and urine sources with respect to carbon and nitrogen parameters justifies the collection and / or separate treatment of urinal wastewater.

Sewage As mentioned before, sewage from toilets and urinals is called sewage. It is composed of feces, urine and water. Urine contains more than 80% nitrogen (urea) produced daily by humans, dissolved in water. The faeces contain approximately 50% of the carbon produced daily by humans in solid form and more than 50% of phosphorus and 10% of nitrogen. Almost the entire range of contaminants can be found here: carbon, phosphorus and potassium mainly in the faeces, mainly nitrogen in the urine. In addition, sewage contains pathogenic bacteria from the human intestinal tract (the so-called coliform bacteria). The bacteria that are contained in the sedimented mud, can be completely exterminated by fermentation and elaboration of subsequent fertilizer, the bacteria contained in the water must be sterilized to kill them completely. Regarding the quantity, black water represents an amount of approximately 30% of the total domestic wastewater. However, this amount can be reduced to less than 15% by selecting suitable water-saving baths. Here, the calculations should always be checked correctly. The construction costs and operating costs of the process could be dramatically reduced by separating the sewage, but it is necessary to install a second sewerage network. However, since it can be installed in parallel with the sewer network that must be installed in any way, only the costs for the pipes and minor additional costs for the construction of the pipeline network would be the additional difference. From a scientific point of view, faeces and organic waste consist of substances, life consists of: consist mainly of carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P), but also of a whole range of trace elements, such as for example potassium (K). Here, compositions vary depending on nutritional habits and / or economic conditions. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus are mainly environmentally relevant for water pollution. They are produced in an intensive form of energy and are costly removed from water by conventional sewage treatment plants. Carbon is converted biologically into water to CO2 by bacteria in the presence of oxygen. Thus, a large amount of oxygen is used in this conversion. One consequence of this is that the fish in the water suffocate. The plants are able to assimilate and use the CO2 thus formed from the air. Hence, carbon is not a fertilizer. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are factors in small supply in the growth of plants and are then the main components of fertilizers. Potassium is environmentally inert in water, while nitrogen and phosphorus can lead to an explosive growth of algae in the wastewater. The algae are also plants and then assimilate carbon from the air, and in the presence of nutrients lead to an enrichment with carbon from the water, which leads to the development of catabolic food chains and a great depletion of water oxygen and thus to death of the fish. The term used is water that has been "turned over" or "eutrophied". The nutrients are suitable fertilizers for agricultural use. Commercial mineral fertilizers inter alia consist of saltpeter (KNO3) and phosphates (PO4). Exactly these substances are produced by the process and can be returned as a solute or solid form to production. Soil waters Soil waters are wastewater from all other domestic sources (see above definitions), such as showers, bath tubs, washing machines, kitchen wastewater, etc. The ground waters are practically free of nitrogen and free of phosphorus; hence they can be purified to the highest quality with relatively small expenses. Wastewater from dishwashers is usually classified as soil water, but must be directed to sewage due to its composition of contaminants. The contamination of soil water compared to that of sewage is lower and can be purified with relatively small costs. Soil waters contain nitrogen impurities only at very low trace amounts and are considered to be practically free of phosphates, as are phosphate-free detergents predominantly in current use. Soil waters mean up to about 70 to 80% of the wastewater produced daily and counts as the largest amount and is particularly suitable for recycling for the following reasons: 1. They are not contaminated with coliform bacteria. 2. It does not involve ethical problems for the drinking water consumer. 3. It shows low carbon pollution. 4. It shows minimal contamination by nitrogen and phosphorus.

The production of drinking water from groundwater is particularly worthwhile for communities in countries where drinking water is scarce, such as in the Maledive Islands, where 1 m3 of drinking water now costs more than US $ 6.

Biological Waste Quantities of biological waste vary considerably. For example, the amount in German communities is only about 200 g per inhabitant per day, but it is more than 1.2 kg per day in hotels in Asia. Biological waste contains the residual amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus not contained in sewage.

Previous Technique Centralized treatment plants for sewage and centralized sewage The wastewater treatment plants that purify the wastewater is that they remove wastewater components costly and direct the purified water via rivers to the sea represent the state of the technique. Hence, this water is mixed with salt and removed from the fresh water cycle. In regions where water is scarce, fresh water is produced, for example, by seawater desalination plants where the process of the present invention offers an economical alternative. The prior art covers a linear flow through technique and essentially suffers from the following disadvantages: 1. Most different types of wastewater from commerce, industry and domestic are mixed. Rainwater is also often directed to the combined wastewater system. The consequences of this mixture are that: - recovering and recycling nutrients from black water is impossible due to its mixing with industrial poisonous wastewater; • for the same reason, a poisonous residual sludge is formed; wastewater with few salts is directed to the sea via surface water collectors and thus fresh water is discarded, producing considerable costs especially in regions where water supply is scarce; the low concentration of wastewater components requires their technically sophisticated and expensive disposal; - the unpurified wastewater is carried away by the maximum intensity rains. 2. Inflexibility of centralized systems. A rigid system can not react quickly with rapid changes in requirements, such as in rapidly developing tourism areas.

Decentralized separation of sewage and soil Historically, sewage was treated separately, especially in Asia. In this respect, especially the biogas plants of India and China and the "Nightsoil" treatment methods of Japan and Korea are going to be mentioned. The process variations can be described as follows: a) Heat treatment process After the removal of coarse particles, the wastewater is transferred to a quantitative equalization tank. After heating and the subsequent separation of solids / liquids, the sewage is diluted with fresh water in a ratio of 1: 20, and subjected to an activated sludge process. b) Anaerobic treatment (anaerobic digestion process) After the elimination of coarse particles and quantitative equalization, the sewage is subjected to a two-stage anaerobic process and after the subsequent separation of solids / liquid is diluted with fresh water in a ratio of 1: 20, and are directed to an activated sludge process. c) Aerobic process (aerobic digestion process) After the elimination of coarse particles and quantitative equalization, the sewage is subjected to an aerobic treatment, and after the subsequent separation of solids / liquid the sewage is diluted with fresh water in a ratio of 1: 20, and are subjected to an activated sludge process. d) Two-stage activated sludge process After the removal of coarse particles and quantitative equalization, the sewage is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 10 and treated in a first process of activated sludge. After the subsequent separation of solids / liquids the sewage is diluted again with fresh water in a ratio of 1: 10, and subjected to a second process of activated sludge. In recent times, the separation of sewage and soil has been reduced to practically only Norway and the Federal Republic of Germany and only in a few projects. e) Soil water processing In Noderstedt, near Hamburg, the sewage and soil waters were collected separately. Soil waters are processed in a one-stage process, and exactly like untreated sewage, they are then directed to a combined wastewater system. The disadvantages of this process concept are the following aspects: the water processing is soil at the most allows its reuse as discharge water for bathrooms and urinals. • the introduction of untreated sewage makes it impossible to close the nutrient cycle. f) Fermentation of sewage and biological waste At present, Lübeck plans a residential area in which the sewage is separated from the ground water. Idea the fermentation of the total black waters with biological residues and subsequent uses of the fermentation broth in agriculture. The unfavorable C: N ratio will be counteracted by an increase in the bioactive mass in the anaerobic reactor. The disadvantages of the process in particular in use in tourist areas with low water supplies are the following aspects: The inoculation of nutrients in the vicinity or tourist land (for example golf courses, parks, public gardens, etc.) is not possible. With a solid / liquid pre-separation step, the volume of the biogas plant could be reduced to approximately one quarter while the stability of the operation could be, at the same time, increased due to the improved C: N ratio. • The saving of water in the bathroom sector is possible only through the use of water-saving toilets, given the absence of a black water cycle. g) Fermentation of sewage and biological waste A pilot plant was put into operation for the solar residential area "am Schiierberg" that works in accordance with the same process as that of Lübeck (see below) in Freiburg in May 1997. During During the testing phase, acidification trends were reported on account of the very low C: N ratio. Following the results of the test, the process according to Figure 3 was modified at the end of 1997 by the engineers working on this project. The disadvantages of this process when used in tourist areas suffering from short water supplies are the same as in the case of the previously discussed processes. h) Aerobic oxidation of wastewater An aerobic thermophilic oxidation plant has been built for total wastewater in Norway near Oslo. The disadvantages of this process are the high energy consumption of the CSB fraction and the absence of biogas production. The processes known in the art are, however, unsuitable for many areas of wastewater disposal or utilization. Hence, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved process for wastewater utilization. This objective is achieved by the modalities specified in the claims. Thus, the invention relates to a process for using wastewater, which comprises the following steps: (a) Separate collection of soil waters and / or sewage; and (b) Membrane filtration of the soil waters collected separately in (a) and / or solid / liquid separation from the sewage collected separately in (a).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process for producing potable water from ground water or from one or more of its partial streams comprises the following steps: (a) Separate collection of soil water or one or more of its partial streams; and (b) Membrane filtration of soil waters collected separately in (a) or one or more of their partial streams. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the membrane filtration is carried out by reverse osmosis or ultra or microfiltration. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the ultra or microfiltration is followed by a desalination step. In another preferred embodiment particularly, membranes having a pore size of at most 2 μm for ultra or microfiltration are used. In another particularly preferred embodiment, membranes having a pore size of at most 0.2 μm for ultra or microfiltration are used. In another particularly preferred embodiment, 1 or more steps of mechanical, physical and / or chemical purification precede (b). In another particularly preferred embodiment, the process according to (a) comprises the following steps: (i) Solids / liquid separation; and / or (ii) Carbon removal.

In another particularly preferred embodiment, step (ii) is followed by solid / liquid separation.

In another particularly preferred embodiment, the solid / liquid separation is carried out by flotation, sedimentation, filtration or precipitation. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the removal of carbon is carried out by oxidation with the use of microorganisms. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the process of the invention comprises the following subsequent step a (b): (c) Making water and / or modifying the water structure of soil waters or one or more of its partial streams recovered in ( b) In another particularly preferred embodiment, improving is a chlorine treatment. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the use of sewage comprises the following steps: (a) Separate collection of sewage from baths with or without urinals; (b) Separation of solids / liquids from the sewage collected in (a); (c) Oxidation by microorganisms of the liquid phase recovered in (b); (d) Solids / liquid separation of the product obtained in (c); (e) Use of the liquid phase obtained in (d) (ea) to collect sewage in accordance with (a); and / or (eb) as a mineral fertilizer; and (f) Optional repetition of steps (a) through (ea) one or more times.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the wastewater is collected separately in step (a) as fecal and urinal wastewater and the fecal wastewater is treated in accordance with steps (a) to (f). In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, at least a portion of the urinal waste water is added to the faecal waste water before step (c). In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the solids / liquid separation in (b) is a flotation process in the event that steps (a) to (ea) are repeated one or more times. In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more steps of mechanical, physical and / or chemical purification precede the passage (c). In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the solids / liquid separation in (d) is a filtration process. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the solid / liquid separation in (b) is a sedimentation or filtration process. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the product of (d) is stored intermediate in a storage tank and in the case of a higher performance demand, it is again supplied to the oxidation equipment under increased air supply. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the oxidized sewage and / or fecal waste water is subjected to a sanitary conditioning before re-use and / or to a modification of the structure of the water.

In another particularly preferred embodiment, the solids are removed from the urinal waste water by filtration. In another preferred embodiment, the solids of the soil waters and / or the sewage and / or the fecal waste waters are subjected to a process of 1 or 2 steps of anaerobic fermentation together with or without fragmented biological residues. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the drinking water is emptied into containers. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the mineral fertilizer and / or fertilizer is emptied into containers. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention comprising a reactor in which steps (b), (c) and (d) are carried out. The apparatus according to the invention comprises membranes as explained above, as well as also an aerator, a dirt collector, and optionally other components. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises a separator in which the process steps characteristic in the process of the invention are carried out. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the apparatus of the invention in order to produce potable water from soil waters. The Figures show the following: Figure 1 shows the sewage module and the biological waste module. It represents the black water cycle with or without urinal wastewater. further, shows the interaction with the treatment of biological residues, the treatment of biological residues being a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention. Figure 2 shows the soil water module and its recycling for re-use. Thanks to the division of soil waters into three separate partial streams of wastewater, preliminary voluminous sedimentation of soil waters can be avoided. The treatment of ground water and 1 or more of its partial streams in a desalination plant is an important process step. The deaeration plant can be used in the present process in a multifunctional manner due to the low osmotic pressure. Step 2d shows the optimal interaction with the biological waste module. Figure 3 shows the cycle of nutrients between collection and use. In particular, it shows the fertilizer water cycle and the concentration of nutrients that can be achieved. Figure 4 shows an example of a possible compact design of the sewage module apparatus of the invention. In particular, it shows an activated iodine tank that allows the total module to adapt flexibly to the daily profile of quantities and charges produced in a hotel or residential area, etc. Figure 5 shows an example of the black water cycle in the modality of this compact sewage module. The Examples illustrate the invention. The process according to the invention is explained in more detail based on Figures 1 and 2.

The optimal use of the new process proposed here requires the existence of a separate discharge system for sewage and soil. For example, in the case of hotel complexes, this download system to be installed in a new way in addition to the existing one should be easy to perform in utilitarian lines in the course of a renovation or new construction, while the hotel continues to operate, if the works are programmed properly. Sewage networks and wastewater treatment plants do not exist in all European tourist areas and those that exist are all completely overloaded by tourism which increases steadily. In recent times, infrastructures are being developed in Southern Europe, which are similar to those built in other countries (for example in Germany) in the 50's and 60's. The central sewer networks are installed and the wastewater treatment plants are built or improved again. However, such central solutions are often not permanent solutions, particularly in tourist areas with annual regimes of tourism growth, since central and river systems can not grow as rapidly as tourism. Hence, decentralized solutions should be contemplated in principle, allowing flexible adaptation of capacity to needs. The process proposed in the present is so flexible that it can be impiemented to an existing infrastructure at low cost. For example, existing central structures can continue to be used for cost reasons and can be complemented by the decentralized system in parallel with the central system. Example 1: the possibility of implementing the process in an infrastructure that has a central wastewater treatment plant and a sewerage network. A community has a central sewerage network, which is in reasonable condition, and a central wastewater treatment plant (overloaded). In this case, the existing sewerage network can be used for the collection and the wastewater treatment plant can be used to process the soil waters. The black waters of baths and urinals are separated from the central system and collected in small decentralized systems and processed in modules of black water and recited. This not only provides the possibility of reusing the soil water, but aresults in a substantial increase in the capacity of the existing wastewater treatment plant; The overload is thus avoided and a good discharge rate is ensured. Example 2: the possibility of implementing the process in an infrastructure without a central pineapple for wastewater treatment and a sewerage network. A community does not have a wastewater infrastructure, and consequently neither has a wastewater treatment plant nor does it have a sewerage network. In this case, it is possible to use several complete process modules (blackwater and soil modules) in a decentralized manner (for example, in each main hotel or residential block). Thus, the implementation of the process in iocal infrastructures must always be decided on a case-by-case basis, since it depends on many local factors, such as the infrastructure, the price of wastewater and drinking water structure, water availability and water requirements. fertilizer in agriculture, etc. The following Table 3 shows some possibilities of implementation in different existing infrastructures.

Figure 1: the black water and biological waste modules. The process and the apparatus should preferably be placed as a compact module in the basements of houses that accommodate 1 or more families, and so there is no need to install a wastewater sewer network or whatever. The process is preferably based on the separate discharge of sewage and soil and preferably aon the use of water-saving toilets. The wastewater processed and / or preferably black water can be applied to green areas and / or directed to the terrestrial waters after disinfection or conditioning of optional healthiness. The wastewater and biological waste modules are highly interrelated, and therefore, it would seem appropriate to describe them together. The arrows or boxes dotted in the process of Figure 1 represent options or variants of the process.

The black water stream The process is preferably used when the number of baths exceeds 20. The objective of this partial flow process is the production of mineral fertilizer, fertilizer and biogas from sewage. The most essential crucial point of the process is the recycling of wastewater between baths, separation of solids / liquid, oxidation (oxidation by means of microorganisms and / or removal of carbon) and separation of solids / liquids. Therefore, the nutrient loads can be concentrated as desired, with the result that the volume in which the nutrient loads dissolve is very small. Another characteristic aspect of the partial flow process is the separation of solids / liquid from black water and the cycle of black water for fertilizer water, all of which is explained in the following list of steps of the process based on Figure 1. The numbers in the description correspond to those of the process steps numbered correspondingly of Figure 1. Process steps (1) to (6) show the black water cycle with oxidant production of nutrients without the use of separation of bathrooms (thick arrows). The process step (7) shows the discharge of the oxidized liquid fertilizer. Where urine separation baths are used, process steps (1) to (6) show the sewage cycle. The process step (1 a) shows the urine discharge from the separation bath. The process step (1 b) is dispensed in this case. Process steps (1 a), (8) and (8a) show the process of using urine separation baths with nutrient-reducing production. The thin solid arrows show the streams of solids (mud, etc.). Process steps (2a), (2b), (3a), (7a) and (7b) lead to (3c) and show the discharge of solids from the sewage module into the biological waste stream. However, solids sources can be added in all imaginable combinations before fragmentation, and / or before hydrolysis and / or before methane fermentation. (1) Shows the combination of fecal and urinal wastewater. The sphere of application of the process proposed here is not restricted to baths and urinals in particular, but covers all types of baths and urinals for water discharge. The urinal waste water can also be discharged and treated separately, as will be explained later on the basis of the process step (8). When necessary, one or more pre-established mechanical, physical and / or chemical processes that can also produce fermentable sludge, can be carried out first (2b). The pre-treatment processes should, however, be as smooth as possible in order to improve and / or not destroy the coarse structure of the solids in the wastewater. The waste is separated (2a) and can be processed later. (2) In this process step, pre-treated sewage is possibly directed to proper solid / liquid separation. In the case that for example, nutrients will not be recovered from the black water cycle, nitrate can be used for denitrification. In this case, the solid / liquid separation can preferably be carried out in a particular manner by anaerobic flotation. In this case, the flotation, sedimentation and / or filtration processes are preferably used for solid / liquid separation. The separable carbon in the sewage sludge (can be added in the biogas production; (3a) &(3c)) is thus separated from the total urine nitrogen in the liquid phase, which is important for operational stability of the biogas plant. (3) The black waters of the process step (2) are now subjected to oxidation by microorganisms and / or carbon removal. The aerobic treatment step (oxidation by microorganisms and / or carbon removal) can also be initiated with all combinations or any combination of partial wastewater streams. A) Yes, the residual carbon that is dissolved in the wastewater escapes as a CO2 gas. Oxidation by microorganisms also includes nitrification (urea is oxidized to nitrate). Here, the liquid phase of the biogas plant of the process step (VII) can be supplied and oxidized. Preferably, an activated material process is used here, which works with a high amount of dry substance (approximately 15 kg "ts / m3) of active biomass in order to keep the reactor volume small. However, in this case the last process (4) of solid / liquid separation has to meet special requirements. Oxidation by microorganisms and / or removal of carbon and nitrogen can be carried out in one or two steps, and in the case of two steps can also include several steps, with all combinations of fixed bed process and activated material processes that are possible here. The solid / liquid separation of process step (2) and oxidation by microorganisms (3) can preferably be carried out in the same apparatus. Nitrification proceeds smoothly and optimally only within a window of very small pH between pH 6 and 7. In the acid range, nitrifying bacteria are inhibited by H NO2-N, and in the basic range they are inhibited by N H3- N. The nitrification process is accompanied by a decrease in pH in the medium. Due to the quantities of supply that depend on the used baths (vacuum baths: 7-1 0 L / (PE * d), discharge bath: 30-60 L / (PE * d) and the sizes of the oxidation reactor depending on the separation process used in step (4) of the process (for example, microfiltration: reactor size approximately 27 to 33 L / PE with a reactor volume of 20 kgoTs / m3, sharp increases in acidity, against which countermeasures may be provided, they may occur, preferably they are buffered in a self-regulating manner by buffer substances housed in the reactor and provided with corresponding reactive surfaces, preferably, an adequate amount of nitrified wastewater and / or urinal waste water is supplied. and / or fecal waste water via (3b) and / or (5a) to the preceding solid / liquid separation process in order to accelerate anaerobic denitrification. In this way, the solids are transported to the surface by the gas bubbles (N2) that are formed and can be removed. The denitrifying bacteria can also be added via (11) and / or (5a). In the event that the solids / liquid separation process is carried out in the same apparatus, the separated biomass or necessary partial quantity may also remain in the apparatus. Preferably, the process proceeds as follows: a) solids / liquid separation (process step (2) &denitrification), b) oxidation by microorganisms (process step (3)), and c) solids / liquid separation ( step (4) of process). The operation is performed in a batch sequence (in a similar manner as in SBR) in two alternatively charged reactors preferably equipped with buffer containers. In the case of a high load oxidation reactor (step (3) of the process, second paragraph) it can be loaded in batches and floated with subsequent anaerobiosis. Preferably, all 3 steps of the process are carried out in the same device. In the temperature range of less than about 28 ° C, the metabolic kinetics of Nitrosomes (N H4 + -> NO2) are slower than those of Nitrobacter (NO2"? NO3"). Thus, the NO2"formed in the oxidation reactor is metabolized rapidly and the formation of toxic NO2-N is avoided, however, in the highest temperature range the metabolic rate of Nitrosomes is faster than that of Nitrobacter. , HNO2-N can accumulate in the reactor and inhibit the nitrification process, as the target groups of the process proposed here include hotel buildings in hot and sunny areas, and since the same reactor is heated by the oxidation heat released, it may be necessary to take counter measures (eg, design the process as a multi-step process, use aeration with cooled air, increase the concentration of the activated biomass, or adapt the population of bacteria slowly.) (4) The product The liquid from (3) is now subjected to additional separation of solids / liquid, it can be carried out simultaneously in step (3) of the process by means of appropriate processes filtration, in order to increase the biomass in (3) regardless of the sedimentation limit. In relation to this, the following requirements must be fulfilled: • The active biomass of activated sludge must be contained, - Bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms must be contained, • And the unique acids that are formed and other macromolecules must be contained. However, all other solid / liquid separation processes (eg, sedimentation) can also be used, which, however, influence the overall course of the process. For example, after step (4) of the process and before optional step (5) of the process, 1 or more mechanical, physical, chemical and / or biological oxidation process steps may be inserted. Excess mud (7a) can be supplied to the biogas plant via (3c) either together or separately from the raw material sludge from the wastewater. A characteristic aspect of the process is the tank (7b) of the activated sludge which allows the necessary concentration of active biomass in the oxidation apparatus to be adjusted appropriately depending on the daily profile of the amounts and loads of the sewage that accumulate together with an oxygen supply adjusted to the demand (7c), in order to ensure a constant draining cavity. This leads to a substantially smaller dimensioning of the reaction volume and a more stable course of the process compared to that of the prior art. The process can be controlled by computer and / or can be controlled by DFÜ (remote transmission of information). The operation can be monitored by sensors. The concentration of demand-dependent and controllable biomass in the oxidation apparatus could have an influence on the special requirements of the process of the invention.

For example, acute elevations in acidity and / or accumulation of H NO2-N in the oxidation apparatus could be counteracted by an appropriate supply of active biomass and / or Nitrobacter-enriched biomass from the activated sludge tank. This also allows the plant, when properly controlled, to adapt to the daily load profile even in the case of the smallest reactor. It is possible to take measures to avoid the autolytic digestion of the biomass in the activated sludge tank (for example cooling). The excessive active biomass of the tank (7d) is directed to the biogas plant. (5) The liquid product of process step (4) may undergo an optional health process. However, selection of the appropriate filtration process (4) may make it unnecessary. After step (5) of the process, another process step for healthiness can be provided. However, the chlorination of the liquid product (5) should be dispensed, if possible, to avoid the risk of a high concentration of salt in the black water cycle, in order that the mineral fertilizer that is formed remains pedologically safe . (6) The product of (5) is a concentrated clear mineral fertilizer solution that can be reused via a tank to wash toilets and / or urinals. The open sewage cycle closes like this. In this way, the consumption of bath water can be reduced from approximately 50 l / (PE * d) to 0 l / (PE * d) maximum. The volume that enters the sewage cycle is approximately 1.5 to 2.2 l / (PE * d) from human excrement. The volume of liquid fertilizer that leaves the cycle is calculated as input volume minus deductions for sludge and losses due to evaporation. If these deductions are equal to or exceed the input volume, it is necessary to add water to the cycle. Otherwise, the aggregate amount of external water is determined by the water consumption of the baths and urinals and the biologically compatible nitrogen concentrations in the oxidation reactor. (7) A final product of highly concentrated odorless liquid mineral fertilizer is formed which can be stored and / or used for fertilization. The portion of carbon in the mineral fertilizer solution is so low that some denitrification process hardly occurs. (8) The general rule is that a combination of waste water containing oxidized and nitrified nitrogen and carbon-rich fermentation broth immediately leads to denitrification processes and thus to large nitrogen losses. As shown, the nitrogen can be separated by the process (2) of solid / liquid separation before the fermentation of the carbon.

The process step (8) now shows the process that uses baths with urine separation. Under these conditions also, fecal wastewater collected separately must be subjected to solid / liquid separation, in order to keep the volume of the biogas plant small. If the supernatant of the liquid is going to be oxidized, to close the black water cycle and oxidize N H4-N to NO3-N, because this avoids the removal of odorous nitrogen, it is possible to collect the residual urinal water with the supernatants of the water fecal, since the same applies to urinal wastewater. Therefore, the use of separation baths in the case of oxidant recovery of nutrients (mineral fertilizer (KNO3, P2O5, K2O, etc.)) makes little sense. The use of urine separation baths in the present process makes sense only if the nutrients from the urinal waste water are to be recovered anaerobically. In this case, the urine, after being subjected to filtration in order to remove the pathogenic microorganisms, can be combined with the digested fermentation broth of the plant (8a) of biogas, without this leading to a denitrification process. After filtration, pure urinal residual water can be separately directed to drying and / or utilization (recovery) and / or additional processing (8a). Its concentration by reverse osmosis is also useful. As well, the appropriate use of MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) precipitation, or other precipitation processes in the urinal wastewater optionally after making it healthy would be imaginable. In a process of precipitation in the acid medium it would be useful to hold the urinal waste water before it would gather anaerobic hydrolysis for the purpose of acidification to change the solubility balance of N H3-NH + in the urinal wastewater in favor of the concentration of NH4 The adsorption processes for ammonium (such as clay minerals, zeolite, etc.) can also be useful and are part of the process. In addition, combinations of precipitation, adsorption and / or drying are possible. In addition, sterilization steps would be imaginable or to make it safe, after or instead of filtration. The solid / liquid separation of faecal wastewater continues to be useful in keeping the volume of the biogas plant small. In this case, oxidation of faecal waste water from process step (3) can be performed with a substantially lower energy consumption due to the absence of approximately 88% nitrogen, than in combination with urinal waste water, and this would result in a substantial reduction of the operating costs of the oxidation apparatus in the sewage cycle. The reactor size of the oxidation apparatus would also be distinctly smaller. The recovery of nutrients reducing urinal waste water is a good complement to the recovery of oxidative nutrients from faecal wastewater and avoids problems of the steps (3) and (4) of the process described above. However, nitrogen losses due to leaking NH3 gas should be expected.

The biological residual current In the following, the biological residual current and its interaction with the soil and black water cycles are described. In summary, this partial flow of the process points to a high biogas yield and a high healthiness of the organic material. (I) In hotels, biological waste is generated only in a few places, and can thus frequently be separated without having to be organized. The biological waste is generally mainly found in: • large kitchens - restaurants • gardens and parks Once the personnel have received the corresponding instructions, it is easy to reach a high degree of homogeneity of the types. In this respect, the separation is provided as an optional step of the process. However, separation of the waste material by gravity separation or other methods can also be provided as an additional step of the process at a different stage in the biological waste stream (for example (11)). The residual or interference materials are separated and can be further processed.

(I I) The biological residue that should be as homogeneous as possible with respect to the types is now subject to fragmentation. Fragmentation can be carried out with or without sludge from the sewage stream ((2b), (3a), (7d) and / or (7a)). Preferably, the fragmentation of biological waste is carried out without the sludge by means of a "cutter", as it is used in large butchers for the production of sausages. The cutters perform a good fragmentation and homogenization of the biological waste. (lll) The sludges separated from steps (3a) and (7a) of the process are mixed, for example, with the fragmented biological residue and subjected to hydrolysis. If total sewage were to be used, instead of the sewage sludge from (3a), with the biological residue for fermentation (without separation of urinal wastewater, and (3) being added to (3a) and (3c) ), high concentrations of nitrogen could jeopardize the process of methanation in the biogas plant. The sedimentation of the wastewater to separate the nitrogen (urea) before fermentation is recommended from the technological point of view of the process without the use of baths with urine separation. In addition, sedimentation allows a reduction in the required size of the biogas plant. If toilets with urine separation are used, the total faecal waste water can be directed to the biogas plant ((3) via (3a) and (3c)), without there being any danger that the methanation process will be inhibited, since that more than 80% of the nitrogen is dissolved in the urine. This would result in the healthiness of faecal wastewater and an increase in biogas yield, but also in a larger dimension substantially of the biogas plant. The hydrolysis is preferably thermophilic with a suitable retention time, in order to achieve the simultaneous healthiness of the organic material. (IV) In this process step, the hydrolyzed material is preferably subjected to mesophilic methane fermentation. Methane fermentation is the interface for the soil water module. Material separated from cooking wastewater by grease separators or flotation processes is charged directly to the methane fermenter, since the hydrolysis of fats is the limiting step of regime in the anaerobic catabolism of fats. (V) The digested fermentation broth can now be subjected to an optional solids / liquid separation process. The liquid supernatant contains many nutrients and can be directed to oxidation (3) (Vi l), or preferably, before filtration, to the reducing process line of the urinal waste water (Vl lb). (VI) The digested product of (V) or (VI) can now be directly recovered, dried, or further processed. In the case of making fertilizer, the water used to irrigate the fertilizer can be extracted from the ground water, or from the treated urinal and / or fecal wastewater. It is then collected and can be subjected to oxidation via the process step (Vlla) or directed to the reducing urinal waste water stream. (VII) The liquid supply of (Vil) and / or (Vlla) allows the liquid losses of the sewage cycle to be compensated. The fertilizer water cycle is described in Figure 3. Figure 2: The soil water stream Introductory description of the process This partial stream of the process points to the production of highly purified water for domestic use. The final goal can be the production of drinking water from ground water or from partial streams of soil water. This goal can be achieved by membrane filtration using reverse osmosis and / or micro and / or ultrafiltration with subsequent salt removal. With respect to the membranes it is necessary to ensure that they have the adequate pore size; for example, for retention, to improve, etc. , of residual solids COD (chemical oxygen demand). After optional sedimentation, the carbon is first removed in the soil waters by wet oxidation (possibly with the addition of blackwater nutrients) or by other biological, chemical or physical processes. Nitrogen and phosphorus do not need to be removed, but their removal can be done by other processes (for example, carbon precipitation) or can be provided as the biological, chemical or physical process step (s), separated. The activated sludge generated in the biological degradation of carbon is fixed (fixed bed process) or is recycled (activated sludge process).

Excess sludge or precipitated sludge is separated by conventional solid / liquid separation processes, and may be directed, for example, to a biogas plant. The scarce degradable CSB fraction that remains in the liquid phase can be oxidized to CO2 by ozonation or other processes, and / or can be eliminated by other biological, chemical or physical processes. After additional optional separation of solids / liquid (eg filtration), the substances remaining in the soil waters are subsequently removed by filtration with activated carbon or by other processes (eg, filtration or adsorption processes). Since soil waters contain relatively few salts, the removal of salts (eg, reverse osmosis) is not devised, v. g. , in the case of a permanent mix of low salt water in areas with heavy rainfall, but it can be a process step. In areas with extreme water scarcity, rusty soil waters can be processed to potable water in frequently existing seawater desalination plants in a multifunctional manner; simultaneous retention of salts, pathogenic microorganisms, and possibly still present nutrients and residual CSB can be achieved. After cleaning and optional chlorination is directed to the drinking water tank. Making healthy and chlorinating are optional measures of the process. A process step can be inserted here to modify or neutralize the water structure at a suitable stage (for example, after adsorption with activated carbon). The process may include a terrestrial water passage in order to comply with legal requirements, but this step is not necessary from the point of view of process technology.

Description of the process based on Figure 2 The boxes with dotted lines or lines and arrows in Figure 2 also represent options and variants of the process. (1) The usual mechanical and / or physical and / or chemical pre-treatment processes of ground water or one or more of its partial streams (for example, grid separators, sand separators and separators of lightweight materials, etc., can be carried out first.) In this case, a division of the soil waters into partial water streams seems more appropriate. soil according to its origins and characteristics of contamination. (2) Kitchen waste contains fats, oils, solids and surfactants that float and settle, and dissolved organic substances.The pretreatment recommended here is a flotation process by which fats, oils, floating and settleable solids, and some of the dissolved BOD (biological oxygen demand) solids and solid COD (chemical oxygen demand) are removed and can be directed to the wastewater methane fermenter and waste module It is also possible to use separators, filtration, precipitation and other fat separation processes here. (3) It would be worth considering separately collecting waste water from cooking operation (2) and waste water (3) from kitchen cleaning and subsequently performing coarse / fine screening due to the particular characteristics of contamination. It is also possible to separate the waste water (3) from the kitchen cleaning of the soil water stream and / or separate purification due to the aggressive cleaning substances. (4) Hair and other substances such as fibers are found apart from surfactants and the like in soil water sources, such as showers, wash tubs, bath tubs and washing machines.

In addition, the nitrogen mixture of human origin should be taken into account here. Therefore, harvesting and pretreatment together with a coarse screen and fine screening process of soil water sources ("wash") are recommended here. (5) The "deposit and / or remnant" section consists of the recycled sludge from the reservoir water purification plant, the same reservoir water that is going to be exchanged, and other sources of ground water, most in the outside area. Human users leave body oils, nitrogen and other nutrients there as well as salts which are transpired through the skin, but are also introduced by the chlorination of reservoir water. Due to its permanent chlorination, the reservoir water does not involve the risk of epidemics, and therefore this soil water can be used without additional processing to retain water through green areas and can be applied there as a fertilizer without any danger of overdose, ( compared to black water, its N- charges are low). (6) The low nutrient content of the "reservoir" and / or "remnant" soil water stream would also, however, be adequate in the subsequent oxidation step (oxidation by microorganisms and / or carbon removal) of the other Soil water streams, and therefore, fine screening and / or filtration and subsequent direction to oxidation would be appropriate. (7) Pretreated soil water streams are re-assembled before oxidation (oxidation by microorganisms and / or carbon removal) and subjected to an adequate oxidation process using microorganisms (aerated sand filter, filter planted land, vertical earth filter intermittently loaded without plants, etc.). In the case of nutrient shortage, a mineral fertilizer solution from the sewage cycle can be added here. After step (7) of the process and before step (8) of the process, one or more steps of mechanical, physical, chemical and / or biological purification can be inserted. (8) The liquid product of (7) is now purified by a desalination plant. In this way, the following objectives can be achieved at the same time: • retention of salts • retention of residual biomass • retention of CSB waste • improve health As in many tourist areas, drinking water is obtained from seawater desalination plants, Purified soil waters can be mixed together with seawater or they can be processed separately and centrally to drinking water in a desalination plant under favorable conditions due to low osmotic pressure. The saline residue from the desalination plant is directed to the sea (14). (9) The product (8) can now be subjected to process for improving (steps (12) and (13) of processes) or subject to a process to change the structure of the water. (10) Purified soil waters can be chlorinated as an additional safety measure before reuse and / or storage (11).

Figure 3: Flowchart of the Sewage Components Figure 3 shows the sedimentation and oxidative extraction of nutrients from the wastewater from the biological waste stream as a flowchart. C, N, P, K represent the reduced organic compounds of these elements, CO2, KNO3 and PO4 represent the oxidized ones. CH4 represents the extraction of carbon as an energy carrier (biogas).

Carbon: a valuable energy carrier Carbon must be removed from wastewater. This is done in two ways: first, by sedimentation (1) (the sludge is heavier than water) and second by holding the residual carbon solute to biological "burn" (2) by bacteria. Therefore, most of the carbon is now present as a sludge and garbage ((1) and (2)). One possibility is to convert them into fertilizer (6) which is also a biological burner of biologically degradable carbon compounds in an easy way. This releases a lot of energy. Everyone knows the heaps of vaporizer in rural areas. However, this waste heat from composting can hardly be used. Another possibility is the fermentation of easily degradable carbon compounds under air seal (4). As oxygen is no longer present, CH is now being formed instead of CO2. This energy carrier can be used in many ways. As not all carbon compounds can be degraded under an air seal, the digested organic material can be converted into fertilizer (6) subsequently and in this way a fertilizer whose quality is even higher than the previous one is obtained.

N, P & K: life elixir for areas under cultivation Plants assimilate nitrogen in two forms, via their roots: as nitrate NO3, or as ammonium NH4, phosphorus is assimilated as phosphate PO4 and potassium as potassium ion K +. As a result of the biological "burning" of the carbon in the wastewater (2), not only CO2, but also large amounts of potassium, nitrate and phosphate are released, which remain, however, dissolved in the water. These so-called problematic substances that must be removed at great cost if the purified wastewater is directed to rivers or lakes, are very well received fertilizers in the case of areas under cultivation if the purified wastewater is used for irrigation of the areas under cultivation.

The commercial mineral fertilizer consists of nitrate KNO3, that is to say potassium nitrate and phosphate PO. These substances are produced exactly by the process and can be applied to the area under culture in the form of a solute. In the irrigation (Figure 3: (7), Figure 1: (Vi te)) of the manure manufacturing step (Figure 3: (6), Figure 1: (VI)), not only potassium, nitrate and phosphate are washed , but also carbon substances; they are removed by directing the "fertilizer water" again to the aerobic treatment step (oxidation by microorganisms and / or carbon removal) (Figure 3: (2), Figure 1: (Vl la)). In this way, the organically bound nitrogen present in the irrigation water of the composting step (Figure 3: (6), Figure 1: (Vil)) and / or present in the drainage water of the drainage passage ( 3: (5), Figure 1: (V)) of the biogas plant is oxidized to nitrate, and thus leads to a high nutrient enrichment in the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant via the water circulation system . In this way, a maximum concentration of nutrients for plants in the clear and pure irrigation water is reached.

Figure 4 and Figure 5: Sewage module and biological waste module with solids / multifunctional liquid separation Figure 4 shows the use of the process as a compact module which can be placed in basements. In periods where there is no vegetation (winter) the production of mineral fertilizer may be undesirable. Another aspect of the process is the denitrification step, which can be added or omitted, and the removal of biological phosphate, since the application of nutrients in green areas is not desirable in the winter. The process is now explained in more detail on the basis of Figures 4 and 5: the raw material residual water or preferably black water is routed via the conduit (1) to a chamber filter press. This chamber filter press can be replaced with other conventional solid / liquid separation processes. The filtrate containing solids can be adjusted with the solids / liquid separator to a desired dry substance content, which is desirable to reduce the volume of the reduction apparatus. The filtrate containing solids is directed via conduit (2) either separately or together with the biological waste (3) to a reduction apparatus for anaerobic conditioning and biogas production. After digestion of the organic material, the fermentation broth is again directed to the solids / liquid separator via the conduit (Figure 4: (10), (Figure 5: (1 1)). The filter cake formed by this (Figure 4: (11), Figure 5: (12)) can be discarded in a trash can, applied to the garden or processed later.

A. Nutrient utilization The liquid filtrates of (Figure 4: (11), Figure 5: (12)) and (1) are directed to the oxidation apparatus (oxidation by microorganisms and / or removal of carbon) via the conduit ( 4), if nutrient processing and recovery or storage is desired. In oxidation (oxidation by microorganisms and / or carbon removal) the carbon compounds are oxidized to CO2 and the nutrients are mineralized to KNO3, K2O, PO4, etc. After completing the oxidation, the active biomass formed by this is routed via the conduit (5) to the solids / liquid separator and compressed. Here, too, the contents of desired dry substances can be adjusted. The mineralized black waters, free of solids, refuse to wash the baths via the conduit (9) (Figure 5). Thus, the wastewater is directed in an open cycle, in which the nutrients are concentrated. The compressed biomass is directed to an activated sludge tank via the conduit (6). Measures can be taken to prevent the autolytic digestion of the biomass in the activated sludge tank. If the demand for active biomass in the oxidation apparatus is high, (in the case of high production quantities and / or a high degree of contamination) the concentrated active biomass is directed to the oxidation apparatus and the oxygen supply is increased consequently, and the degradation speed is increased as well. The excessive active biomass is directed to the reduction apparatus via the conduit (8).

B. Non-use of nutrients If the use of nutrients is not desired, the oxidized nitrogen (NO3), which follows the complete oxidation, is denitrified by conventional processes, for example, in the oxidation apparatus, and the phosphorus is biologically fixed or otherwise it is eliminated. This is preferably done in the oxidation apparatus, which becomes the reduction apparatus by changing the aeration and agitation. In this process, carbon can be supplied via conduit (4) and mixed. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the denitrification by the high concentrations of available nitrate of the wastewater cycle can be used for flotation in the first solid / liquid separation of the wastewater and / or faecal wastewater. Since there is a high concentration of bacteria with anaerobic faculties in the activated sludge tank, denitrification can be increased very efficiently by the addition of active biomass via the conduit as well (7). If necessary, intermittent aeration may be applied and / or additional solid / liquid separation steps may be carried out within the degradation process. The excess active biomass is directed to the reduction apparatus via the conduit (8).

Claims (29)

1. REVIVAL NAME IS 1. A process to use wastewater, which includes the following steps: (a) the separate collection of partial streams "of ground water" or one or more of its partial streams and / or "black water" or ground water, or one or more of its partial streams and / or faecal discharges and urinal discharges; (b) the separation of solids / liquids from the partial streams of "soil waters" and / or "black waters" and / or "faecal discharges" collected separately in (a); (c) oxidation by microorganisms of the aqueous phases of soil waters and / or sewage and / or fecal discharges and / or urinal discharges obtained from (b); and (d) the solids / liquid separation of at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (c).
2. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the ground water or one or more of its partial streams is mixed with seawater after (c) or (d), and this mixture is subsequently desalted in a plant desalination
3. 3. A process for using wastewater, which includes the following steps: (a) separate collection of soil and sewage water, where sewage is collected from baths with or without urinals, and (b) filtration with membrane of the soil waters collected separately in (a), and (ba) separation of solids / liquid from the sewage collected separately in (a); (c) oxidation by microorganisms of the liquid phase recovered in (ba); (d) the solids / liquid separation of the product obtained in (c); (e) Use of the liquid phase obtained in (d) for (ea) To collect sewage according to (a); and / or (eb) As a mineral fertilizer; and (f) Optional repetition of steps (a) through (ea) one or more times.
4. 4. A process to use wastewater, where the use includes the production of drinking water from ground water or one or more of its partial streams, the process comprising the following steps: (a) separate collection of water of soil or one or more of its partial streams; and (b) membrane filtration of soil waters collected separately in (a) or one or more of their partial streams, with membrane filtration being carried out by reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration or microfiltration, and ultrafiltration or microfiltration which is followed by desalination.
5. 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein membranes having a pore size of at most 2 μm are used for ultrafiltration or microfiltration.
6. 6. The process according to claim 5, wherein membranes having a pore size of at most 0.2 μm are used for ultrafiltration or microfiltration.
7. The process according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein (b) is preceded by one or more steps of mechanical, physical and / or chemical purification.
8. The process according to any one of claims 3 to 7, which comprises the following subsequent steps to (a): (i) solids / liquid separation; and / or (ii) carbon removal.
9. 9. The process according to claim 8, wherein step (ii) is followed by solids / liquid separation.
10. 10. The process according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the solids / liquid separation is carried out by flotation, sedimentation, filtration or precipitation. eleven .
11. The process according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the removal of carbon is carried out by oxidation by microorganisms.
12. 12. The process according to any one of claims 3 to 11, which comprises the following subsequent step a (b): (c) making curative and / or modifying the water structure of the reclaimed soil waters in (b) ) or one or more of its partial streams.
13. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein improving is a chlorination treatment.
14. 14. The process according to claim 3, where the sewage is collected in (a) separately as fecal water and urinal water, and the fecal water is treated in accordance with steps (a) to (f).
15. 15. The process according to claim 14, wherein at least a portion of the urinal water is added to the fecal water before (c).
16. 16. The process according to claim 15, wherein the solids / liquid separation in (b) is a flotation process if steps (a) to (ea) are to be repeated one or more times.
17. The process according to either one of claims 3 or 14 to 16, wherein (c) is preceded by one or more steps of mechanical, physical and / or chemical purification.
18. 18. The process according to any one of claims 3 or 14 to 17, wherein the solids / liquid separation in (d) is a filtration process.
19. 19. The process according to any one of claims 3, 14, 17, or 18, wherein the solids / liquid separation in (b) is a sedimentation or filtration process.
20. The process according to any one of claims 3 or 14 to 19, wherein the product of (d) is stored intermediate in a tank, and in the case of a higher performance demand is re-supplied to the Oxidation device under increased air supply.
21. 21. The process according to any one of claims 3 or 14 to 20, wherein the sewage and / or oxidized faecal waste water are clamped to make them healthy and / or modification of the water structure before reuse.
22. 22. The process according to any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the solids are removed from the urinal waste water by filtration.
23. 23. The process according to any one of claims 3 to 22, wherein the solids of the soil waters and / or sewage and / or fecal water are subjected to anaerobic digestion of one or two steps together with or without fragmented biological waste.
24. 24. The process according to any one of claims 4 to 13, wherein the drinking water is emptied into a container.
25. 25. The process according to any one of claims 3 or 14 to 23, wherein the mineral fertilizer and / or the fertilizer is emptied into containers.
26. 26. An apparatus for carrying out the process according to any one of claims 3 or 14 to 23, said apparatus comprising a reactor, in which steps (b), (c), and ( d), and which has devices for aeration, agitation, measurement and adjustment of the pH value and membranes for separation of solids / liquids, and which is hydraulically connected to a storage container to which and from which the biomass can be supplied active of the reactor.
27. 27. The apparatus for carrying out the process according to any one of claims 4 to 13, said apparatus comprising a separator in which the process steps characterized in claims 4 to 13 are carried out, and said apparatus comprising a device for desalting a mixture of pre-treated soil water and seawater.
28. 28. The use of the apparatus according to claim 26 for using sewage.
29. 29. The use of the apparatus according to claim 27 to produce drinking water from ground water.