MXPA97007233A - Compositions comprising surge agents of azu - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to compositions of an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant comprising one or more co-nonionic sugar surfactants.

Description

"COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING SURFACTANT SUGAR AGENTS" FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to alkyl polyglycoside compositions comprising one or more nonionic sugar surfactant coagents.

COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions comprising: (a) an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant having the formula R!? (R20) b (Z) to I wherein R] _ is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; and a is a number that has a value from 1 to about 6; (b) one or more non-ionic sugar surfactant co-agents; with the proviso that when the nonionic sugar co-surfactant is a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide or an aldobionamide, the composition should contain two or more of the sugar co-surfactants; with the additional proviso that when the nonionic sugar surfactant coagent is a mixture of a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and an aldobionamide, the composition must contain at least one additional sugar co-surfactant; and (c) optionally one or more additional surfactants which are selected from the group consisting of anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants; wherein the weight ratio of (a) + (b): (c) is equal to from about 1:10 to about 2: 1; and wherein the weight ratio of (b): (a) is equal to from about 1: 3 to 3: 1. It is to be expected that the compositions of the invention will be useful in laundry, personal cleansers, dishwashing, fire fighting, oil well drilling, mineral benefits, solution mine industry, hair washing and preparation. of applications of solid foamed structures.

In the preferred compositions of the invention, the nonionic sugar co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of esters of alkylglucose, aldobionamides, gluconamides, glyceramides, glyceroglycolipids and polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION INCLUDING PREFERRED MODALITIES Alkyl Polyglycoside surfactants The alkyl polyglycosides that can be used in the compositions according to the invention have the formula I R!? (R20) b (Z) wherein R ^ is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; a is a number having a value from 1 to about 6. Preferred alkyl polyglycosides that can be used in the compositions according to the invention have the formula I, wherein Z is a glucose residue and b is zero. These alkyl polyglycosides can be obtained commercially, for example, as the surfactants APG®, GLUCOPON® or PLANTAREN® from Henkel Corporation, of Ambler, PA, 19002. Examples of these surfactants include but are not limited to: 1. Surfactant APG® 225 - an alkyl polyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains from 8 to 10 carbon atoms and which has an average degree of polymerization of 1.7. 2. APG® 425 surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and which has an average degree of polymerization of 1.6. 3. APG® 625 surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains from 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6. 4. APG® 325 surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains from 9 to 11 carbon atoms and which has an average degree of polymerization of 1.6. 5. GLUCOPON® 600 surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains from 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.4. 6. PLANTAREN® 2000 surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside of 8 to 26 carbon atoms in which the alkyl group contains from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and which has an average degree of polymerization of 1.4. 7. PLANTAREN® 1300 surfactant - an alkyl polyglycoside of 12 to 16 carbon atoms in which the alkyl group contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and which has an average degree of polymerization of 1.6. Other examples include the alkyl polyglycoside surfactant compositions consisting of mixtures of compounds of the formula I, wherein Z represents a residue derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; a is a number that has a value from 1 to approximately 6; b is zero; and R ^ is an alkyl radical having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The compositions are characterized in that they have increased properties of the surfactant and a HLB. within the range of about 10 to about 16 and a non-Flory glycoside distribution, which consists of a mixture of an alkyl monoglycoside and a mixture of alkyl polyglycosides having varying degrees of polymerization of 2 and greater in decreasing amounts progressively, wherein the amount by weight of polyglycoside having a degree of polymerization of 2, or mixtures thereof with the polyglycoside having a degree of polymerization of 3, predominate in relation to the amount of monoglycoside, the composition has an average degree of polymerization of about 1.8 to about 3. These compositions, also known as refined alkyl polyglycosides, can be prepared by removing monoglycoside from the original reaction mixture of alkyl monoglycoside and alkyl polyglycosides after alcohol removal. This separation can be carried out by molecular distillation and typically results in the removal of about 70 percent to 95 percent by weight of the alkyl monoglycosides. After the removal of the alkyl monoglycosides, the relative distribution of the different components, mono- and polyglycosides, in the resulting product changes and the concentration in the product of the polyglycosides relative to the monoglycoside increases as well as the concentration of the individual polyglycosides to the total, that is, the DP2 and DP3 fractions in relation to the sum of all DP fractions. These compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent Number 5,266,690, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

SURGICAL AGENTS OF NON-IONIC SUGAR The term non-ionic sugar co-surfactant as used herein refers to surfactants that are based on saccharide residues. Representative examples of these nonionic sugar surfactant co-agents include, but are not limited to, alkylglucose ester, aldobionamide, gluconamide, glyceramide, glycerol glycolipid, and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants which are described more fully below. The surfactant co-surfactants of alkylglucose ester sugar are generally disclosed in US Patent Nos. 5,109,127 and 5,190,747, the total content of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. These co-surfactants of sugar have the general formula: Where R represents a fatty acid residue of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably of 6 to 12 carbon atoms and Ri represents an alkyl group which. It has 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative examples of these alkylglucose esters are l-ethyl-6-capryglucoside, l-ethyl-6-lauryl glucoside, l-butyl-6-caprylglucoside, l-ethyl-6-palmityl glucoside and l-ethyl-6-oleylglucoside. The aldobionamide sugar surfactant co-agents are generally disclosed in US Patent Number 5, 310,542 and in published European Patent Application Number 550,281 both of which are incorporated herein by reference. An aldobionamide is generally defined as the amide of an aldobionic acid or aldobionolactone and an aldobionic acid in turn is defined as a sugar substance (e.g., any cyclic sugar) wherein the aldehyde group has been replaced by an acid carboxylic that when drying is able to cyclize to form an aldonolactone. The aldobionamides can be based on compounds comprising two saccharide units, eg, lactobionamides, maltobionamides, celobionamides, melibionamides or gentiobionamides, can be based on compounds comprising more than two saccharide units, as long as the polysaccharide has one unit of terminal sugar with an available aldehyde group. Preferred aldobionamides of the present invention are lactobionamides of the formula wherein R and R ^ are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen and an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing up to about 36 carbon atoms (e.g. alkyl and alkenyl groups, which groups may also include a heteroatom, such as N, 0, S, present, for example, as an amide, carboxy, ether and / or saccharide residue) except that R1 and R ^ can not be simultaneously hydrogen. The aliphatic hydrocarbon radical preferably contains up to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Representative examples of lactobionamides are N-propyl lactobionamide, N-pentyl lactobionamide, N-decyl lactobionamide, N-hexadecyl lactobionamide, N-oleyl lactobioamide, N-dodecyl-2-methyl lactobionamide and N-lactobionamide. -dodecyloxypropyl. Gluconamide sugar surfactant co-agents are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,352,386, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference. These surfactant coagents have the general formula: * HOCH2- (CHOH) m-C (O) -NHR where m is an integer from 2 to 5; and R is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, whose R group may also contain a heteroatom which is selected from the group consisting of oxygen , nitrogen and sulfur. Representative examples of these co-surfactants are N-octyrylthronamide, N-decyletitronamide, N-dodecyl-thyleronamide, N-tetradecyl-thyleramide, N-decylxylonamide and N-dodecyl-xylonamide. The glyceramide sugar surfactant co-agents are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,352,387, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference. These surfactant coagents have the general formula: HOCH2CH (OH) C (0) NHR wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon of 8 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated wherein the group R can also be substituted by a heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Representative examples of these co-surfactants are N-octylglyceramide, N-decylglyceramide and N-hexadecylglyceramide. The glyceroglycolipid sugar surfactant co-agents are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent Number 5,358,656 and in published European Patent Application Number 550,279, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The glyceroglycolipids can be of the formula: A1-0-CH2-CH (B) -CH2NRR wherein A ^ is a saccharide, preferably having one or more saccharide units, more preferably a mono- or disaccharide and more preferably a monosaccharide such as glucose or galactose; R and R ^ are the same or different and are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched hydrocarbon radical having from one to about 24, preferably from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, B is OH or a group of NR2R3, where R ^ and R3 may be the same or different and are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24, preferably from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and NRR ^ and B are exchangeable in their position. Representative examples of these co-surfactants are 3- (butylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3- (octylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3- (eicosylamino) -2- hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3- (butylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and 3- (pentylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-mannopyranoside. Other co-surfactants glyceroglycolipids are disclosed in published European Patent Application Number 550,280 which is incorporated herein by reference. These co-surfactants are of the formula: A1-0-CH2-CH (OR1) -CH2OR wherein A- ^ is from 1 to 4 saccharide units and most preferably represents a mono- or disaccharide, and especially preferably a monosaccharide, for example, glucose or galactose; R and R] _ are the same or different and are hydrogen, or a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Representative examples of these co-surfactants are: 3- (butyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3- (eicosyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3- (decyloxy) -2 -hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3- (butyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3- (octyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-mannopyranoside, 3- (tetradecyloxy) -2-β -hydroxypropyl-β-D-lactoside, 3- (octadecyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-maltoside, 3- (octyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactotrioside and 3- (dodecyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl -β-D-celotrioside. Co-surfactants of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide sugar surfactants are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,174,927, 5,223,179 and 5,332,528, the total disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant component of the present invention comprises compounds of the structural formula: R2C (0) N (R1) Z wherein R - * - is H, hydrocarbyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or a mixture thereof, preferably alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and more preferably alkyl of 1 or 2 carbon atoms and particularly preferably alkyl of a carbon atom (ie, methyl); and R2 is a hydrocarbyl of 5 to 31 carbon atoms, preferably straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 19 carbon atoms, more preferably straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl of 9 to 17 carbon atoms and especially preferred straight chain alkyl or alkenyl of 11 to 17 carbon atoms or a mixture thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl. Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose and xylose. As the raw material, high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup and high maltose corn syrup can be used as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups can yield a mixture of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that in no way is it intended to exclude other suitable raw materials. Z will preferably be selected from the group consisting of -CH2- (CHOH) -CH2OH, -CH (CH2OH) - (CHOH) n_1-CH2OH, -CH2- (CHOH) 2 (CHOR ') (CHOH) -CH20H, in where n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R 'is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide, and the alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Especially preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH 2 - (CHOH) 4-CH 2 OH. In the aforementioned formula, R ^, for example, is N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl or N-2-hydroxypropyl. R2C (0) N < it can be for example cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallow amide, etc. Z can be 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfructityl, 1-deoxymaltityl, 1-deoxylactityl, 1-deoxygalactityl, 1-deoxyanityl, 1-deoxymalototriotityl, etc. Representative examples of these co-surfactants are N-methyl-N-1-deoxyglucityl cocoamide and N-methyl-N-1-deoxyglucityl tallow amide. Other appropriate polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant co-agents (see U.S. Patent Nos. 5,223,179 and 5,338,491, the total content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference, are those of the formula: RC (O) N (R1) CH2CH (OH) CH2OH wherein R is a hydrocarbyl species of 7 to 21 carbon atoms, that is, coconut, tallow, palm, fatty alkyl and oleyl, and R is a hydrocarbyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the substituted hydrocarbyl species, i.e. , diol fatty acid amides of N-alkyl-N- (1,2-propanediol) and N-hydroxyalkyl-N-1,2-propane. Representative examples of these representative co-agents are tallow amide of 3- [2- (hydroxyethyl) amino] -1,2-propanediol (HEAPD), the palmitate amide of 3-methylamino-l, 2-propanediol ( MAPD) and lauramide from MADP.

ADDITIONAL SURGICAL AGENTS (a) Anionic Surfactants Anionic surfactants (those which are generally disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,599,188, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference) can be selected from the group it consists of sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof. The surfactants are neutralized with a cationic residue or residues which are selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, e.g., sodium or potassium alkaline earth metal, e.g., calcium or magnesium, ammonium, substituted ammonium including mono-, di- or tri-ethanolammonium cations. Samples of the cations may be desirable. The anionic surfactants which may be useful in the present invention will all have detergent properties and are all water soluble dispersible in water. One class of surfactants that can be used in this invention is alkylbenzene sulfonate. The alkyl group can be unsaturated or unsaturated, branched or straight chain and optionally substituted with a hydroxy group. Intermediate phenyl positions are generally preferred for foaming volume under light soiling conditions. However, in conditions of heavier soiling, the attachment of phenyl to the 1- or 2- position is preferred. Preferred alkylbenzene sulfonates contain a straight alkyl chain containing from about 9 to about 25 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 13 carbon atoms, and the cation is sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono-, di- or tri- ethanolammonium, calcium or magnesium and mixtures thereof. Magnesium is the preferred cationic residue. These same cations are preferred for other anionic surfactants and ingredients. The sulfonates of the magnesium alkylbenzene wherein the phenyl group is fixed near the middle part of the alkyl chain are surprisingly better than those with the phenyl near the end of the chain, when the polysaccharide chain has a higher average approximately 3 units of saccharide. Suitable alkylbenzene sulfonates include alkylbenzene sulfonates of 11 carbon atoms with a low 2-phenyl content. Other surfactants that can be used in this invention are the carboxylates, e.g., fatty acid soaps and similar surfactants. The soaps may be saturated or unsaturated and may contain various substituents such as hydroxy groups and alpha sulfonate groups. Preferably, the hydrophobic portion of the soap is a straight chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon. The hydrophobic portion of the soap usually contains from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. The cationic residue (M) for the carboxylate surfactants is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, for example, sodium or potassium, alkaline earth metal, for example, calcium or magnesium, ammonium or substituted ammonium, including mono-cation , di- or triethanolammonium. Mixtures of cations may be desirable. Still other surfactants are the alkyl sulfonates (paraffin or olefin), preferably with a more central hydrophilic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. Examples include paraffin sulfonates of 14 to 15 carbon atoms, olefin sulphonates of 14 to 16 carbon atoms. In addition to the sulfonate and soap surfactants discussed above, many other surfactants containing sulfonate or carboxylate groups can be used in the compositions of the invention. These other surfactants may include for example the sulfosuccinate surfactants disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,015,414, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference, and the dialkyl sulfosuccinate surfactants disclosed in US Pat. U.S. Patent Number 4,839,098, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference. (b) Zwitterionic Surfactants A group of surfactants which are of interest due to their superior detergency are the zwitterionic surfactants which contain both a cationic group of either ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium or mixtures thereof and a carboxylate group or sulfonate. Preferably, there are at least about 4 atoms that separate the cationic and anionic groups. Suitable zwitterionic surfactants are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,159,277; 3,928,251; 3,925,262; 3,929,678; 3,227,749; 3,539,521; 3,383,321; 3,390,094 and 3,239,560, which are incorporated herein by reference. These surfactants are especially desirable for shampoos. (c) Amphoteric Surfactants Another group of surfactants are the amphoteric surfactants having the same general structure as the zwitterionic surfactants, but with the amine group instead of the quaternary ammonium group. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, which is incorporated herein by reference. (d) Non-ionic Surfactants Suitable non-ionic surfactants are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678, issued to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1965, in column 13, line 14 to column 16, line 6, which is incorporated herein by reference. The exemplary non-limiting classes of the useful non-ionic surfactants are listed below. The condensed materials of polyethylene oxide, propylene and polybutylene of alkylphenols. Generally, condensed polyethylene oxide materials are preferred. These compounds include the condensation products of alkylphenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration with the alkylene oxide. In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide is present in an amount equal to about 5 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the alkylphenol. Commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include IGEPAL® CO-630, sold by GAF Corporation; and TRITON® X-45, X114, X-100 and X-102, all sold by Rohm & Hass Company. This category includes, for example, alkylphenol alkoxylates, such as alkylphenol ethoxylates. The condensation products of the aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol may be straight or branched, primary or secondary and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 18 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include TERGITOL® 15-S-9 (the condensation product of secondary or linear alcohol of 11 to 15 carbon atoms with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), TERGITOL® 24 -L-6 NM (the condensation product of the primary alcohol of 12 to 14 carbon atoms with 6 moles of ethylene oxide with a critical or limited molecular weight distribution) both sold by Union Carbide Corporation; NEODOL® 45-9 (the condensation product of the linear alcohol of 14 to 15 carbon atoms with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), NEODOL® 23-6.5 (the condensation product of the linear alcohol of 12 to 13 carbon atoms with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide), NEODOL® 45-7 (the condensation product of linear alcohol of 14 to 15 carbon atoms with 7 moles of ethylene oxide), NEODOL® 45-4 (the condensation product of linear alcohol 14 to 15 carbon atoms with 4 moles of ethylene oxide), sold by Shell Chemical Company, and KYRO® EOB (the condensation product of 13 to 15 carbon atoms with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), sold by The Procter &; Gamble Company. These surfactants are commonly referred to as alkyl ethoxylate. The condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic portion of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and exhibits insolubility in water. The addition of the polyoxyethylene residues to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of the product is retained to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50 weight percent. total of the condensation product, which corresponds to a condensation of up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the PLURONIC® surfactants, commercially available, sold by BASF. The condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine. The hydrophobic residue of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and the excess of propylene oxide and generally has a molecular weight of about 2500 to about 3000. This hydrophobic residue is condensed with ethylene oxide to the extent that the product of condensation contains from about 40 percent to about 80 weight percent polyoxyethylene, and has a molecular weight of from about 5000 to about 11000. Examples of this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TETRONIC® compounds sold by BASF. Semi-polar nonionic surfactants are a special category of nonionic surfactants that include water-soluble amine oxides containing an alkyl residue of about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and two residues that are selected from the group consisting of groups of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; Water-soluble phosphine oxides containing an alkyl residue of about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and two residues which are selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms. carbon and water soluble sulfoxides containing an alkyl residue of about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a residue selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl residues of about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms. The semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants having the formula R3 (OR4) xN (0) (R5) 2 wherein R3 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkylphenyl group or mixtures thereof containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; X is from 0 to about 3; and each R ^ is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group containing from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups. The groups R ^ can be attached to each other, eg, through an oxygen or nitrogen atom to form a ring structure. These amine oxide surfactants in particular include alkyl dimethylamine oxides of 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and alkoxyethyldihydroxyethylamine oxides. (e) Cationic Surfactants Cationic surfactants may also be included in the compositions of the present invention. Cationic surfactants include ammonium surfactants such as alkyldimethyl ammonium halides and those surfactants having the formula [R2 (OR3) and] [R4 (OR3) V] 2R5N (+)? (") wherein R2 is an alkyl or benzylalkyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, each R3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH (CH3) -, CH2CH (CH2OH ) -, -CH2CH2CH2- and mixtures thereof, each R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl, ring structures formed by joining the two R4 groups , -CH2CHOHCHOHCOR6, -CHOHCH2OH, wherein R6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000, and hydrogen when and is not 0; R ^ is the same as R4 or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R2 plus R ^ is not more than about 18; each y is from 0 to about 10 and the sum of the values y from 0 to about 15; and x is any compatible anion. Cationic surfactants of this type are generally described in U.S. Patent Number 5,332,528, the total content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. Patent No. 4,228,044, issued October 14, 1980, incorporated herein by reference. In the compositions of the invention, the total concentration of the surfactant (alkyl polyglycoside + non-ionic co-surfactant (s) + additional surfactants) generally falls within the range from about 0.1 percent to about 80 percent of the weight of the total composition, preferably from about 5 percent to about 40 percent by weight and especially preferably from about 10 percent to about 25 percent by weight. ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS The compositions of this invention can utilize other compatible ingredients including other surfactants, in addition to the mixture of surfactants that you will want to know in the foregoing. In the detergent compositions, the compositions may contain any of the well-known ingredients, including small amounts of other surfactants, detergency additives, soil suspending agents, brighteners, abrasives, colorants, fabric conditioning agents, water re-conditioning agents, hair, hydrotropes, solvents, fillers or fillers, clays, fragrances (e.g., perfumes), electrolytes, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, phase regulators, suds activating agents, etc. The appropriate ingredients are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,166,039; 4,157,978; 4,056,481; 4,049,586; 4,035,257; 4,019,998; 4,000,080 and 3,983,078, and in European Patent Application Number 550,280, published July 7, 1993; and European Patent Application Number 550,281, published July 7, 1993; and European Patent Application Number 550,279, published July 7, 1993; all the content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The shampoo compositions of this invention may contain any of the additional ingredients known in the art as being suitable for use in shampoos. Lists of appropriate additional ingredients including low levels of other surfactants can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,089,945; 3,987,161 and 3,962,418, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Methods It is proposed that the compositions of this invention can provide foams that make them valuable for use not only in soap bars, bubble baths, shaving creams, laundry, dish washing and hair washing, where a good volume of stable sudsing and fast rinsing capacity, but also in a large number of detergent bouquets. It is proposed that the compositions of this invention may also be particularly valuable for use in the "foam" or "mist" well drilling processes wherein the foam is used to carry water and / or dirt particles to the surface of the hole. of the perforation. Each description of this perforation method can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,303,896; 3,111,178; 3,130,798 and 3,215,200, incorporated herein by reference. It is also proposed that the compositions of this invention may be of considerable value for fire fighting or fire prevention processes where a stable foam is used to extinguish a flame or sparks by interrupting the supply of oxygen. This includes tracks for fire fighting and foaming for crash landings as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,514,310; 3,186,943; 3,422,011; 3,457,172; 3,479,285 and 3,541,010, which are incorporated herein by reference. It is proposed that the compositions of this invention are also valuable in the art to prepare a gypsum board, plastic and resin foams. The foams of this invention can provide a relatively thick stable structure which allows the solidification of resins, plastics, cellulose particles, etc. in stable foam structures that have light densities, thick cell walls and good structural integrity. Examples of the forming processes that use foam-forming agents are described in US Patent Numbers 3,669,898; 4,907,982 and 4,423,720, which are incorporated herein by reference. It is also proposed that the flotation of minerals in order to concentrate the mineral values eg in the foam (beneficiation) can be advantageously carried out using the compositions of this invention. These processes are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,147,644; 4,139,482; 4,139,481; 4,138,350; 4,090,972; and 3,640,862, incorporated herein by reference.

It is further proposed that a special advantage of the composition of this invention may involve making use of its exceptional stability expected to provide temporary isolation for plants when freezing conditions are expected. This process is disclosed in US Patent Number 3,669,898, incorporated herein by reference. It is also proposed that the compositions of the invention which are more fully described below in the examples, will unexpectedly result in surfactant systems which exhibit better foaming characteristics, better solubility in cleaning compositions and better detergency in compositions of the invention. cleaning. The scale of utilities that are possible with the compositions of this invention include all of the above-mentioned and many more. The following examples will further illustrate the compositions of the present invention, however, not limited thereto. EXAMPLES OF WORK Following the normal procedures that are well known to the skilled formulator, it is proposed that the following compositions of the invention can be prepared.

Ej em. Surfactant Co-agent Agent tensio¬ No. of polyglycoside of sugar-binding active surfactant (s) APG®225 l-ethyl-6-caprilglucoside APG®425 l-ethyl-6-capryglucoside; oleoyl lactobioamide APG®625 N-octyleritronamide APG®325 N-hexadecyl glyceramide GLUCOPON® 600 3- (eicosylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranose PLANTAREN®2000 dodecyloxypropyl lactobionamide; N-octylglyceramide PLANTAREN®1300 N-decyleritronamide; 3- (decyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside APG®225 N-decylglyceramide; N-methyl-N-1- deoxyglucityl cocoamide APG®425 l-ethyl-6-palmitylglucoside; N-hexadecyl lactobionamide; N-decylgliceramide APG®625 N-dodecyl-N-methyl lactobionamide; N-decylxononamide; 3- (octylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-galactopyranoside APG®325 N-dodecylxonomonamide; N-octylglyceramide; 3- (Butylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-glucopyranoside GLUCOPON®600 N-decyl lactobionamide; N-hexadecylglyceramide; 3 (pentylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-mannopyranoside; 3-methylamino-l, 2-propanediol lauramide PLANTAREN®2000 l-ethyl-6-oleylglucoside; N-tetradecyltethronamide; N-octylglyceramide PLANTAREN®1300 N-decyl lactobionamide; N-decylglyceramide; tallow amide of N-methyl-N-1- deoxyglucityl APG®225 l-ethyl-6-laurylglucoside; N-dodecyl-N-methyl lactobionamide; N-dodecyl-ethyl-tromamide; 3-methylamino-1,2-propanediol palmitate amide 16 APG®425 l-butyl-6-capryglucoside; N-decyleritronamide; N-hexadecyl glyceramide; 3- . { dodecyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-celotrioside; 3- [2- (hydroxyethyl) amino] -1, 2-propanediol 17 APG®625 l-ethyl-6-palmitylglucoside; N-decyl lactobionamide; N-decyleritronamide; N-octylglyceramide; 3- (butoxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-glucopyranoside APG®325 l-ethyl-6-caprylglucoside; N-pentyl lactobionamide; N-tetradecyltethronamide; N-decylglyceramide; 3- (octyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-mannopyranoside; N-methyl-N-1- deoxyglucityl cocoamide 19 APG®225 anionic l-ethyl-6-caprilglucoside (e.g., an alkylbenzene sulfonate) PLANTAREN®2000 zwitterionic dodecyloxypropyl lactobionamide; N-octylglyceramide 21 APG®325 N-dodecylxl-onamide; amphoteric N-octylglyceramide; 3- (Butylamino) -2-hydroxypropyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 22 APG®225 l-ethyl-6-laurylglucoside; N-dodecyl-N-methyl lbionamide; N-dodecyl-ethyl-tromamide; non-ionic 3-methyl palmitate amide (e.g., Igepal amino-1,2-propanediol TM CO-630) 23 APG®625 l-ethyl-6-palmitylglucoside; cationic N-decyl lbionamide; (e.g., an N-decyleritronamide; halide N-octyl glyceramide; ammonium 3- (butyloxy) -2-hydroxypropyl-β- alkyl-D-glucopyranoside dimethyl) (a) It should be understood that each of the compositions described above may also optionally contain one or more of the "additional ingredients", eg, detergency additives, solvents, fillers or fillers, etc. which are described more fully in the specification.

A typical shampoo composition according to the present invention comprises (percentages by weight): (1) Co-surfnt (s) of non-ionic sugar 1-15% (2) 1-15% alkyl polyglycoside (3) anionic surfnt 0-10% (4) amphoteric surfnt 0-10% (5) lauramide MEA 0-5% (6) thickener 0-5% (7) fragrance 0-2% (8) preservation agent 0-1% (9) remainder, Water A typical shaving cream composition according to the present invention comprises (percentages by weight) (1) stearic acid 20-40% (2) coconut oil 6-10% (3) Co-surfnt (s) of non-ionic sugar 1-45% (4) 1-45% alkyl polyglycoside (5) 5-15% glycerol (6) 2-6% potassium hydroxide (7) 1-3% sodium hydroxide (8) 1-5% mineral oil (9) rest, water A typical soap bar composition according to the present invention comprises (percentages by weight): (1) fatty acid of 8 to 24 carbon atoms 5-60% (2) Co-surfnt (s) of non-ionic sugar 1-45% (3) 1-45% alkyl polyglycoside (4) 0-5% alkyl or aryl sulfate or sulfonate (5) humectant (e.g., sorbitol or glycerin) 0.1-10% A typical liquid detergent composition according to the present invention comprises (percentages by weight): (1) co-surfnt (s) of non-ionic sugar 1-70% (2) alkyl polyglycoside 1-70% (3) additive 0-50% (4) electrolyte 0-40% (5) 0.01-5% enzyme (6) enzyme stabilizer 0.1-15% (7) phase regulator 0-20% (8) rest, water A typical light duty liquid detergent composition in accordance with the present invention comprises (percentages by weight): (1) anionic surfnt 0.01-65% (2) co-surfnt (s) of non-ionic sugar 0.1-50% (3) 0.1-50% alkyl polyglycoside (4) 0-8% suds vating agent (5) 0-10% hydrotrope (6) rest, water A typical powdered detergent composition according to the present invention comprises (percentages by weight): (1) co-surfnt (s) of non-ionic sugar 1-40% (2) 1-40% alkyl polyglycoside (3) 0-60% additive (4) 0-70% alkaline stabilizing agent (5) Na2S? 4 0-25% (6) remaining optional ingredients (eg, fragrance)

Claims (59)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S:

1. A composition comprising: (a) an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant having the formula

R!? (R20) b (Z) to I wherein R ^ is a monovalent organic radical having from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms; R2 is a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; b is a number having a value from 0 to about 12; and a is a number that has a value from 1 to about 6; (b) one or more non-ionic sugar surfactant co-agents; with the proviso that when the nonionic sugar co-surfactant is a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide or an aldobionamide, the composition should contain two or more of the sugar co-surfactants; with the additional proviso that when the nonionic sugar surfactant coagent is a mixture of a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and an aldobionamide, the composition must contain at least one additional sugar co-surfactant; and (c) optionally one or more additional surfactants which are selected from the group consisting of anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactants; wherein the weight ratio of (a) + (b) :( c) is equal to about 1:10 to about 10: 1; and wherein the weight ratio of (b): (a) is equal to from about 1: 3 to 3: 1. 2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic sugar surfactant co-agents are selected from the group consisting of esters of alkylglucose, aldobionamides, gluconamides, glyceramides, glyceroglycolipids, and polyhydroxy fatty acid amides.

3. A composition according to claim 2, comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant and an alkyl glucoside ester surfactant co-agent.

4. A composition according to claim 3, further comprising a co-surfactant aldobionamide surfactant.

5. A composition according to claim 3, further comprising a gluconamide surfactant co-agent.

6. A composition according to claim 3, further comprising a glyceramide ternsioactive co-agent.

7. A composition according to claim 3, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

8. A composition according to claim 3, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

9. A composition according to claim 4, further comprising a gluconamide surfactant co-agent.

10. A composition according to claim 4, further comprising a co-surfactant glyceramide surfactant.

11. A composition according to claim 4, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

12. A composition according to claim 4, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

13. A composition according to claim 9, further comprising a co-surfactant glyceramide surfactant.

14. A composition according to claim 9, further comprising a co-glyceroglycolipide surfactant.

15. A composition according to claim 9, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

16. A composition according to claim 13, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

17. A composition according to claim 13, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

18. A composition according to claim 16, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

19. A composition according to claim 5, further comprising a co-surfactant glyceramide surfactant.

20. A composition according to claim 5, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

21. A composition according to claim 5, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

22. A composition according to claim 6, further comprising a glyceroglycolipid surfactant co-agent.

23. A composition according to claim 6, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

24. A composition according to claim 7, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

25. A composition according to claim 2, comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, an aldobionamide co-surfactant and a gluconamide co-surfactant.

26. A composition according to claim 2, comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, an aldobionamide co-surfactant and a glyceramide co-agent.

27. A composition according to claim 2, comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, an aldobionamide co-surfactant and a co-glyceroglycolipide surfactant.

28. A composition according to claim 25, further comprising a co-surfactant glyceramide surfactant.

29. A composition according to claim 25, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

30. A composition according to claim 25, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

31. A composition according to claim 26, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

32. A composition according to claim 26, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

33. A composition according to claim 27, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

34. A composition according to claim 31, further comprising a gluconamide surfactant co-agent.

35. A composition according to claim 32, further comprising a gluconamide surfactant co-agent.

36. A composition according to claim 34, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

37. A composition according to claim 2, further comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant and a gluconamide co-surfactant.

38. A composition according to claim 37, further comprising a co-surfactant glyceramide surfactant.

39. A composition according to claim 37, further comprising a co-surfactant glyceroglycolipid surfactant.

40. A composition according to claim 37, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

41. A composition according to claim 38, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

42. A composition according to claim 38, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

43. A composition according to claim 39, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

44. A composition according to claim 43, further comprising a co-surfactant of glyceramide.

45. A composition according to claim 44, further comprising a co-surfactant of alkylglucose ester.

46. A composition according to claim 2, comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant and a glyceramide co-surfactant.

47. A composition according to claim 46, further comprising a glyceroglycolipide co-surfactant.

48. A composition according to claim 46, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

49. A composition according to claim 47, which further comprises a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

50. A composition according to claim 49, further comprising a co-surfactant ester of alkylglucose ester.

51. A composition according to claim 49, further comprising a co-surfactant aldobionamide surfactant.

52. A composition according to claim 2, comprising an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant and a co-glyceroglycolipid surfactant.

53. A composition according to claim 52, further comprising a co-surfactant of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.

54. A composition according to claim 1, which is a shampoo.

55. A composition according to claim 1, which is a shaving cream.

56. A composition according to claim 1, which is a bar of soap.

57. A composition according to claim 1, which is a liquid detergent.

58. A composition according to claim 1, which is a light duty liquid detergent.

59. A composition according to claim 1, which is a powdered detergent.