MXPA06013020A - Toner having crystalline wax - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments include a chemical toner composition having a first resin including a styrene vinyl copolymer and having a Tg of from about 46 to about 56 C, b) a second resin including a styrene vinyl copolymer having a Tg of from about 55 to about 65 C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and a heat of enthalpy, both from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J/g for every weight percent of the wax used in the chemical toner composition, and wherein the wax has a peak melting point of from about 70 to about 99 C, and d) a colorant, wherein the chemical toner has a gloss of from about 30 to about 80 GGU.

Description

ORGANIC PIGMENT THAT HAS CRYSTALLINE WAX FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present description relates, generally, with organic pigments and organic pigment compositions. The organic pigments comprise distilled or fractionated waxes referred to herein as wax or waxes. The waxes here can be crystalline waxes. Organic pigments can be prepared by emulsion aggregation (EA) and coalescence processes. The resulting organic pigments have improved gloss characteristics. The resulting organic pigments can be selected for electrophotographic, electrostatic, known xerographic machines and similar imaging processes including copying, printing, faxing and scanning, including digital image processes on image, color, lithography and the like. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In reprographic technologies, such as xerographic and ionographic devices, it is desirable to provide organic pigments that have a high gloss.

It is also desirable to provide organic pigments that can be used in environments with less oil, and allow low minimum melting temperatures. It is also desirable to provide organic pigments that can be used in Ref.175549 high-speed printing and / or copying machines and the like. The organic pigments according to the embodiments herein provide desirable melt characteristics including, for example, release characteristics as a separation force of less than about 30 to less than about 5 grams of force; blocking characteristics such as a high blocking temperature of approximately 45 ° C to approximately 65 ° C; document transfer characteristics such as a transfer of documents from approximately 2.0 to approximately 5.0; vinyl transfer characteristics as a vinyl transfer from approximately 3.0 to approximately 5.0; and triboelectric charge characteristics. In addition, the organic pigments in the present embodiments allow the use of lower minimum image melting temperatures, such as from about 120 ° C to about 170 ° C, allow high speed printing as for machines operating at more than approximately 35 pages per minute. In addition, the organic pigments of the present, in embodiments, provide high-brightness images, as in oil-free fuser systems, while retaining a high blocking temperature, the high-brightness images comprising, for example, about 30 to about 80 units of brightness (GGU) as measured by the Gardner Brightness measurement unit; for example on a coated paper, such as the 120 gsm Digital Coated Shiny papers from Xerox. Illustrated in U.S. Patent 5,994,020, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, organic pigment preparation processes are found, and more specifically, a process for the preparation of an organic pigment comprising: (i) preparing , or provide a dye dispersion; (ii) preparing, or providing a functionalized wax dispersion comprised of a functionalized wax contained in a dispersant mixture comprised of a nonionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof; (iii) cutting the resulting mixture of the functionalized wax dispersion (ii) and the dye dispersion (i) with a latex or emulsion mixture comprised of resin contained in a mixture of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant; (iv) heating the resulting cut mixture (iii) below approximately the glass transition temperature (Tv) of the resin particles; (v) optionally adding additional anionic surfactant to the aggregate suspension resulting from (iv) to prevent, or minimize further growth of, the resultant electrostatically bound organic pigment sizing aggregate particles during coalescence (iv); heating the resulting mixture (v) above about the Tv of the resin; and optionally, (vii) separating the organic pigment particles. The emulsification / aggregation / coalescence processes for the preparation of organic pigments are illustrated in a number of Xerox patents, the descriptions of each of which is incorporated herein by reference, such as US Patent 5,290,654, US Patent 5,278,020, U.S. Patent 5,308,734; U.S. Patent 5,370,963; U.S. Patent 5,344,738; U.S. Patent 5,403,693; U.S. Patent 5,418,108; U.S. Patent 5,364,729; and U.S. Patent 5,346,797; and also of interest may be U.S. Patents 5,348,832; 5,405,728; 5,366,841; 5,496,676 ,527,658; 5,585,215; 5,650,255; 5,650,256; 5,501,935 5,723,253; 5,744,520; 5,763,133; 5,766,818; 5,747,215 5,827,633; 5,853,944; 5,804,349; 5,840,462; 5,869,215 5,863,698; 5,902,710; 5,910,387; 5,916,725; 5,919,595 5,925,488; 5,977,210; 5,994,020; 6,020,101; 6,130,021 6,120,967 and 6,628,102. In addition, the following US patents relate to emulsion aggregation processes to form organic pigment compositions, the descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. U.S. Patent 5,922,501 describes a process for the preparation of an organic pigment comprising mixing an aqueous dye dispersion and a latex resin emulsion, latex resin which is generated from a dimeric acrylic acid, an oligomeric acrylic acid, mixtures thereof and a monomer; heating the resulting mixture to an approximately equal temperature, or below approximately the vitreous transition temperature (Tv) of the latex resin to form aggregates; heating the resulting aggregates at a temperature approximately equal to, or above about the Tv of the latex resin to effect the coalescence and melting of the aggregates; and optionally isolating the organic product, washing and drying. U.S. Patent 5,482,812 discloses a process for the preparation of organic pigment compositions or with organic pigment particles comprising (i) providing an aqueous dispersion of pigment comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent; (ii) providing a dispersion of wax comprised of wax, a dispersant comprised of nonionic surfactant, ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof; (iii) cutting a mixture of the wax dispersion and the pigment dispersion with a latex or mixture of emulsion comprised of resin, counterionic surfactant with a polarity of charge of opposite sign to that of the ionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant; (iv) heating the above cut slurry below about the vitreous transition temperature (Tv) of the resin to form electrostatically bound organic pigment sizing aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; (v) adding additional ionic surfactant to the aggregate suspension of (iv) to ensure that minimal additional particle growth of the organic pigment sizing aggregates electrostatically attached after the additional temperature increase to coalesce the aggregates does not occur or occur. in the organic pigment particles (iv); (vi) heating the mixture of (v) with the aggregates above above about the Tv of the resin; and optionally (vii) separating the organic pigment particles from the aqueous suspension by filtration and subsequently washing, optionally. U.S. Patent 5,622,806 discloses a process, for example, for the preparation of organic pigment compositions with controlled particle size comprising (i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant in amounts of about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent water, and an optional charge control agent; (ii) cutting the pigment dispersion with a mixture of latex comprised of a counterionic surfactant with a polarity of charge of the opposite sign to that of the ionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and resin particles thereby producing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the pigment particles formed, resin and charge control agent; and (iii) shake. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2004/0130054 A1 describes waxes used in inks and organic pigments. The waxes have a melting point of 50 to 120aC, and 55 to 100oC, and a melting range of 5 to about 65aC. It is desirable to provide an organic pigment that has a high gloss, and have a desirable release or separation. It is also desirable to provide an organic pigment that requires a minimum fixing temperature, where the organic pigment has a wide latitude of fusion, a high blocking temperature, robust particles, triboelectric and / or similar properties, which are requirements for the pigments Organic materials are used in high speed machines that produce 35 pages per minute and more.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Reference is made to the accompanying figures, which include: Figure 1 is a DSC curve of the heat flux against the temperature for an organic pigment according to a modality described above. Figure 2 is a graph of the separation force against the melting temperature of organic pigments according to a modality described herein. Figure 3 is a plot of the heat flux against the temperature for an organic pigment according to a modality described above. Figure 4 is a graph of thermal cohesion against temperature for organic pigments according to a modality described above. Figure 5 is a graph of the brightness against the temperature for an organic pigment according to a modality described above. Figure 6 is a bar graph of the temperature against the type of organic pigment, showing the brightness defect of various organic pigments. Figure 7 is a graph showing an area in the form of a half line against the temperature of the organic pigments according to a modality described above. Figure 8 is a graph of percent by weight versus number of carbons for a wax according to a modality described above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The embodiments include an organic pigment composition composition comprising a) a first resin comprising a styrene-vinyl copolymer and having a Tv of about 46 to about 56 ° C, b) a second resin comprising a styrene-vinyl copolymer having a Tv of about 54 to about 65 ° C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and an enthalpy heat, both of from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J / g per percent in weight of the wax used in the organic pigment composition, where the wax has a peak melting point of about 70 to about 99 ° C, and d) a dye, wherein the guiny organic pigment has a gloss of about 30 to about 80 GGU The embodiments also include an organic pigment composition composition comprising a) a first resin comprising a copolymer of styrene and vinyl and having a Tv of about 48 to about 54 ° C, and an Mw of about 30,000 to about 37,000, ) a second resin comprising a styrene-n-butyl acrylate having a Tv of about 56 to about 64 ° C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and an enthalpy heat, both of about 1.0 to about 4.0 J / g for each percent by weight of the wax used in the organic pigment composition, and where the wax has a peak melting point of about 70 to about 99 ° C, and d) a dye, where the organic pigment gum has a brightness of about 30 to about 80 GGU. The embodiments further include an organic pigment composition which comprises a) a first resin comprising styrene, butyl acrylate and beta carboxy ethyl acrylate, and having a Tv of about 46 to about 56 ° C, b) a second resin which comprises a styrene-vinyl copolymer having a Tv of about 54 to about 65 ° C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and an enthalpy heat, both of from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J / g per each percent by weight of the wax used in the guinea pig organic composition, and where the wax has a peak melting point of about 70 to about 99 ° C, and d) a dye, where the guiny organic pigment has a gloss of about 30 up to about 80 GGU. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the embodiments, a fractional or distilled wax is described, and, more specifically, a crystalline wax and an organic pigment comprising the wax. The wax can be selected from, for example, a polyolefin wax, an algerylene wax, a polyethylene wax, a polypropylene wax, a paraffin wax, a Fischer Tropsch wax, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, jojoba wax, rice wax, wax of bees, montanic acid ester wax, castor wax or mixtures thereof. In embodiments, the wax is a polyethylene wax or a Fischer-Tropsch wax, and in specific embodiments, fractionated, crystalline and / or distilled polyethylene wax. The polyethylene wax, in modalities, is derived from the polymerization of ethylene. The wax can be prepared using different catalysts including the Ziegler-Natta, Fischer Tropsch, metallocene and the like catalysts. Details of how the wax can be produced can be found in US Patent Application Publication No. US 20050130054 Al and US Patent 5,500,321, the subject matter of which is therefore incorporated by reference in its entirety for both those references. In embodiments, the number of carbon units for the wax ranges from about 30 to about 62 carbon atoms, and the peak of about 42 to about 55. At 30 carbon units, the weight percent is about 0.5 percent in weigh; while at 60 carbon units, the weight percent is about 0.5 weight percent. The peak weight percent is less than or equal to 20 percent, or from about 1 to about 15 percent, as measured by gas chromatography. Figure 8 represents a distribution scheme as well as the peak intervals of the repeated carbon units. In embodiments, the wax has a degree of crystallinity (Xc) as calculated by heat of fusion or heat of fusion or enthalpy, and as measured by DSC, from about 55 to about 100 percent, or from about 60 to about 98 percent, or from about 70 to about 95 percent, or from about 75 to about 90 percent. The heat of enthalpy (Hm) generated by the melting of the distilled / fractionated wax contained in the organic pigment is in the range of 1.0 to about 4.0, or from about 1.5 to about 3.0 J / g for each percent by weight of wax in the organic pigment. For example, if 11 weight percent of the wax is to be used, the heat of enthalpy generated is in the range of about 11 J / g to about 44 J / g and as measured on the second heat where the speed of heating is 10 ° C / min (See Figure 1). The recrystallization heat (Hrc) generated by the melting of the distilled / fractionated wax contained in the organic pigment during the cooling cycle is in the range of from about 1.0 to about 4.0, or from about 1.5 to about 3.0 J / g per each percent by weight of wax in the organic pigment. For example, if 11 weight percent of the wax is to be used, the heat of recrystallization (Hrc) generated is in the range of 11 J / g to about 44 J / g as measured during the cooling cycle. where the cooling speed is 2 ° C / min. In embodiments, there is a difference between the crystallinity measured using the heat of the previous enthalpy, and the crystallinity as measured using the recrystallization heat above not more than about 15 percent, or from about 0.01 to about 15 percent; no more than about 10 percent, or from about 0.01 to about 10 percent, no more than about 5 percent, or about 0.01 to about 5 percent; or not greater than about 1 percent, or from about 0.01 to about 1 percent. During the coalescence of the resin which comprises the aggregates, the dye and the wax, the temperature is higher than the Tv of the resin. Therefore, a selected temperature range results in a viscosity which allows the wax to flow in the resin matrix, allowing the wax domains to be formed. The wax domains in the organic pigment particle can be larger (eg, from about 0.5 to about 2 microns) than the initial size (eg, from about 0.15 to about 0.8 microns). The wax in the organic pigment particle has an initial temperature of about 65 to about 70 ° C, and a final temperature of about 95 to about 100 ° C, during the heating cycle (i.e. melting), according to what is measured by DSC when the heating rate is 10 ° C / min. In embodiments, the wax has a peak melting point of from about 70 to about 99, or from about 80 to about 95 ° C, from about 85 to about 94 ° C. Waxes that meet this requirement when they are incorporated into the organic pigment in the amount of > 7 percent by weight provide the required release (separation) of < 15 grams force on a melting temperature of 140 ° C to approximately 180 ° C. Waxes that do not meet the above criteria show an increased separation force (EA-G172) (See Figure 2). Fractional waxes contained in the organic pigment that do not meet the requirement of the peak melting temperature range can cause problems with organic pigment blogging. For example, the wax used in EA-G172 has a peak melting point of 80 ° C, and when incorporated into an organic pigment composition, it shows the initial point of the wax which is included in the vitreous transition melting properties (Tv). ) of the host resin (See Figure 3), thus depressing the Tv of the organic pigment and consequently resulting in a low organic pigment blogging temperature which is highly undesirable (See Figure 4). For the organic pigment to satisfy the reguerment of blogging, another consideration that is desirable is that the degree of separation between the point of transfer of the resin and the starting point of the distilled wax is >; 2 ° C, or from about 2 to about 7 ° C to avoid depression of the Tv of the organic pigment (see Figure 1), which in turn provides good release and blogging (EA-G169). Organic pigments that do not exhibit this separation (See Figure 3) exhibit poor release and blockade (EA-G172). The Tv of the organic pigment resin should have an initial Tv of about 52 ° C and a transfer Tv of about 63 ° C.

The blocking temperature can be measured by measuring the thermal cohesion of the organic pigment as a function of temperature. The thermal cohesion is measured as follows: an amount of organic pigment (MT, typically 5 grams) is sifted through a 1000 micron sieve to remove any large agglomerates. The sifted organic pigment is placed in an aluminum can and conditioned in an ambient oven at temperature T, and RH 50% for 17 hours. The organic pigment is then removed from the oven and allowed to cool. The thermal cohesion is measured by placing the organic pigment in the uppermost sieve in a Vibration of Hoso awa apparatus. The uppermost sieve (A) is 1000 micrometers, while the lower sieve (B) is 106 micrometers. The sample is vibrated at an amplitude of 1 mm for 90 sec. The mass of organic pigment remaining in each sieve, MA and MB is measured, and thermal cohesion for temperature T is calculated as% cohesion (T) = [(MA + MB) / Mt] x 100. Typically, heat of cohesion should be measured over a temperature range beginning below the initial Tv of the organic pigment, and exhibited until the thermal cohesion is > fifty%. The temperature of blogging is defined as the highest temperature for which the thermal cohesion of the organic pigment is < 10% The blocking temperature is from about 45 to about 65 ° C, or from about 53 to about 65 ° C. Examples of waxes include water-soluble waxes, such as aguels of the copending applications mentioned above, polyolefins such as polypropylenes, polyethylenes, and the like, as commercially available from Allied Chemical and Baker Petrolite Corporation, wax emulsions available from Michaelman Inc. and the Daniels Products Company, Epolene N-15 ™ commercially available from Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., Viscol 550-P ™, a weight-average low molecular weight polypropylene available from Sanyo Kasei KK, and similar materials. Examples of functionalized waxes include amines, amides, e.g., Superslip 6550 ™ Water, Superslip 6530 ™ available from Micro Powder Inc .; fluorinated waxes, for example Polyfluo 190 ™, Polyfluo 200, Polyfluo 523XFMR, Water Polyfluo 411 ™, Water Polysilk 19 ™, Polysilk 14 ™ available from Micro Powder Inc .; mixed, amide fluorinated waxes, for example the i9m Microspersion also available from Micro Powder Inc .; imides, esters, quaternary amines, carboxylic acids or acrylic polymer emulsion, for example Joncryl 74 ™, 89 ™, 130 ™, 537 ™, and 538 ™, all available from SC Johnson Wax; polypropylenes and chlorinated polyethylenes available from Allied Chemical and Petrolite Corporation, and from SC Johnson Wax. Those waxes may be optionally fractionated or distilled to provide specific cuts that satisfy the viscosity and / or temperature criteria, where the upper limit of the viscosity is 10,000 cps and the upper temperature limit is 1002C. In embodiments, the wax comprises a wax in the form of a dispersion comprising, for example, a wax having a particle diameter of from about 100 nanometers to about 500 nanometers or from about 100 nanometers to about 300 nanometers, water and an anionic surfactant or a polymeric stabilizer, and optionally a nonionic surfactant. In embodiments, the wax comprises particles of polyethylene wax, such as POLYWAX® 655, or POLYWAX® 725, POLYWAX® 850, POLYWAX® 500 (with POLYWAX® waxes commercially available from Baker Petrolite) and, for example, fractionated / distilled waxes. which are cuts of the POLYWAX® 655 designated as X1214, X1240, X1242, X1244, and the like, but are not limited to cuts of POLYWAX® 655. The waxes provide a specific cut, which satisfy the viscosity criteria and / or temperature, where the upper limit of viscosity is 10, 000 cps and the upper temperature limit is 100 BC can be used. The waxes may have a particle diameter in the range of about 100 to about 500 nanometers, although it is not limited. Other examples include Shell FT-100 (SMDA) and FNP0092 from Nippon Seiro. The surfactant used to disperse the wax may be an anionic surfactant, but not limited thereto, such as, for example, Neogen RK® commercially available from Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku or TAYCAPOWER® BN2060 commercially available from Tayca Corporation or Dowfax available from DuPont. In embodiments, the wax has an initial melting temperature of about 65 to about 75aC, and the final temperature of about 95 to about 100aC. In embodiments, the wax has an Mn, Mw and Mp, and each and all may be within the ranges of from about 500 to about 800, or from about 600 to about 750, or from about 640 to about 725. The wax has a polydispersity (Mw / Mn) of from about 1 to about 1.05. The wax in the organic pigment material is present, for example, in an amount of about 5 to about 30 percent, or about 7 to about 20 percent by weight based on the total weight of the composition. The organic pigments aguí, in modalities, exhibit a high brightness of approximately 30 to approximately 80 units of brightness (GGU), or approximately 40 to approximately 70 GGU, as measured by the unit of measurement of Gloss by Gardner, by example on coated paper, such as Xerox's 120 gsm Digital Coated Gloss papers, or flat paper such as Xerox's 90 gsm Digital Color Xpressions + paper. The shape or circularity of the organic pigment particle containing fractional waxes should be >; 0.95, or from about 0.95 to about 1.00, or from about 0.95 to about 0.99, where 1.00 is considered perfectly spherical as measured on the Sysmex FPIA 2100 instrument. Another way to describe the shape of the organic pigment particle is by the Form Factor (SF), where the desired SF is < 125, or from about 100 to about 130, or from about 110 to about 125, where 100 is defined as a perfect sphere. The melting properties of an organic pigment can be characterized by its melt flow index (MFI). The melt flow index measures the extrusion rate of a molten resin through a matrix of a specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, loading and position of the piston in the barrel when the synchronized measurement is made. The measurement consists of loading 8.0 grams of dry organic pigment into the reservoir of the melt flow rate device, waiting for a specific equilibrium period, applying a constant weight, and measuring the time (Tp) which takes this displacement the piston of the instrument a known distance. The melt flow index is the mass of extruded organic pigment (MT) divided by the displacement time of the piston, (MFI = MT / Tp) expressed in units of grams / 10 minutes. Melt flow index measurements are best described in the ASTM D1238 test method. A suitable device for measuring the MFI is the Extruded Plastometer Model MP 987 produced by Tinius Olsen Co., Willow Grove, PA USA. The organic pigments containing the fractionated waxes give an MFI value of > 25, or from approximately 25 to approximately 50 as measured at a temperature of 125 ° C, and a load of 5 kg. A single-point surface area uses a single measurement taken at a partial pressure (0.2 or greater) and defines the linear BET graph assuming that the graph has an ordinate to the origin of zero. A surface area of multiple points uses measurements of several partial pressures to define a single BET graph and its ordinate to the origin. Organic chemical pigments prepared by processes that contain distilled or fractionated waxes have a BET (single point or multiple points) of > 1.20 m2 / g, or from approximately 1.2 to approximately 1.7. The organic pigments containing the distilled / fractionated wax have cohesion of organic pigment of > 65 percent according to what was measured by the Hosokawa test. The cohesion of the organic pigment is in the range of about 5 to about 65 percent according to what is measured by the protocol of the established Hosokawa test. Approximately 2g (MT) of organic pigment is placed in the uppermost sieve in the Hosokawa vibration apparatus. Three sieves are arranged as follows: A more superior sieve (A) is 53 micrometers, intermediate sieve (B) is 45 micrometers, and the lowest sieve is (C) is 38 micrometers. The Hosokawa device is vibrated at an amplitude of 1 mm for 90 seconds. The mass of organic pigment remaining on each screen is measured as MA, MB and MC. Each weigher's contribution is assigned different weights, and the cohesion is calculated as the cohesion percent (Flow) = [(MA / MT) +3/5 (MB / MT) + 1/5 (MC / MT )] xl00, where MA is the mass of organic pigment collected on a sieve with a pore size of 53 micrometers, MB is the mass of organic pigment collected on a sieve with a pore size of 45 micrometers, MC is the mass of organic pigment collected on a sieve with a pore size of 38 micrometers, and MT is the mass of the amount of organic pigment used.

The chemical organic pigment is defined as the organic pigment made by emulsion aggregation and is prepared by a process that includes, in modalities, (i) generating or providing a latex emulsion containing resin, water and a surfactant, and generating and providing a dispersion of dye containing colorant, water and an ionic surfactant, or a non-ionic surfactant; (ii) mixing the latex emulsion with the dye and wax dispersion; (iii) adding to the resulting mixture a coagulant comprising a polymetal ion coagulant, a metal ion coagulant, a polymetal halide coagulant, a metal halide coagulant or a mixture thereof; (iv) heating the resulting mixture below or approximately equal to the vitreous transition temperature (Tv) of the latex resin; (v) optionally adding a second latex comprised of resin particles suspended in an aqueous phase resulting in a coating; (vi) introducing sodium hydroxide solution to raise the pH of the mixture to about 4.0, followed by the addition of a sequestering agent to partially remove the coagulating metal from added organic pigment in a controlled manner; (vii) heating the resulting mixture of (vi) above about the Tv of the latex resin to a pH of about 5 to about 6; (viii) retaining the heating until fusion or coalescence of the resin and the colorant is initiated; (ix) changing the pH of the above mixture (viii) to arrive at a pH of about 6.0 to about 7.5 to thereby accelerate the melting or coalescence and to obtain as a result organic pigment particles comprised of resin, dye, and having a final coagulant metal concentration of about 100 to about 900 parts per million based on the total weight of the organic pigment particle; and (x) optionally, isolating the organic pigment. The high gloss organic emulsion aggregation (EA) pigments are prepared as described above and below. In embodiments, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is used as a coagulant. They can be used with other coagulants. This coagulant produces the crosslinking and consequently reduces the brightness. Guelantes / sequestering reagents such as EDTA or sodium silicate are used to remove the metal ion, such as aluminum, in a very controlled manner. The final aluminum content in the organic pigment is in the range of about 250 to about 500 ppm. Organic pigments that satisfy these criteria provide the required gloss (See Figure 5) and thermal transfer (See Figure 6). The fold of the organic pigments is shown in Figure 7. In embodiments, the minimum fixation temperature (MTF) of the fold (80) is from about 140 to about 160 ° C, or from about 140 to 155 ° C. The organic pigments can include resins. The resin particles can be, in modalities, styrene acrylates, styrene butadienes, styrene methacrylates or polyesters, present in various effective amounts, such as from about 70 weight percent to about 98 weight percent, and more specifically, from about 80 weight percent, to about 92 weight percent on the basis of the total weight percent of the organic pigment. The resin may be of a small average particle size, such as from about 0.01 micrometer to about 1 micrometer in average volume diameter as measured by a Brookhaven nanosize particle analyzer. Other effective amounts of resin can be selected. As used herein, a non-crosslinked resin is a resin that is substantially free of crosslinking, for example, a resin that substantially has about zero percent crosslinking to about 0.2 percent crosslinking, or a resin that has less than approximately 0.1 percent crosslinking. A crosslinked resin refers for example to a cross-linked resin or gel comprising, for example, from about 0.3 to about 20 percent crosslinking. In embodiments, the selected resin may be a non-crosslinked resin, such as, for example, a non-crosslinked resin comprising styrene: butyl acrylate: betacarboxyethyl acrylate, but not limited to those monomers, where, for example, the monomers of Non-crosslinked resins are present in an amount of about 40 to about 95 percent styrene, about 5 to about 60 percent butyl acrylate, about 0.05 parts per hundred to about 10 parts per hundred of beta-carboxyethyl acrylate.; or from about 60 to about 85 percent styrene, from about 15 to about 40 percent butyl acrylate, and about 1 part percent of about 5 parts percent of beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, by weight based on weight total of the monomers. For example, the resin can be selected to contain a carboxylic acid group selected, for example, from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, beta-carboxy-ethyl acrylate. (beta CEA), fumaric acid, maleic acid and cinnamic acid, and where, for example, a carboxylic acid is selected from an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of the total weight of the resin. In embodiments, a second latex can be a high glass transition temperature resin (high Tv) comprising from about 40 to about 95 percent styrene, from about 5 to about 60 percent butyl acrylate, and about 0.05 parts per hundred to about 10 parts per hundred of beta-carboxyethyl acrylate; or from about 65 to about 90 percent styrene, from about 10 to about 35 percent butyl acrylate, and from about 1 part per hundred to about 5 parts per hundred of beta-carboxyethyl acrylate by weight based on total weight of the monomers. In additional embodiments, the process provides a first resin (resin A) comprising a non-crosslinked resin having a first Tv of from about 46 ° C to about 56 ° C, from about 48 ° C to about 54 ° C, or about 51 ° C, and a second non-crosslinked resin (resin B) which has a high Tv (the high Tv being for example a glass transition temperature which is about 5 ° C to about 10 ° C higher than the Tv of the first resin ) for example, at a Tv of about 54 ° C to about 65 ° C, about 56 ° C to about 64 ° C, or about 59 ° C. Illustrative examples of latex polymer or resin particles include known polymers selected from the group consisting of styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, butadienes, isoprene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, polyesters, poly ( styrene-butadiene), poly (methyl styrene-butadiene), poly (methyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly (ethyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly (propyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly (butyl-butadiene methacrylate), poly- ( methyl-butadiene acrylate), poly (ethyl-butadiene acrylate), poly (propyl-butadiene acrylate), poly (butyl-butadiene-acrylate), poly (styrene-isoprene), poly (methyl styrene-isoprene), poly (methyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly (ethyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly (propyl-isoprene methacrylate), poly (butyl-isoprene methacrylate), poly (methyl-isoprene-acrylate), poly (acrylate) of ethyl-isoprene), poly (propyl acrylate-iso) preno), poly (butyl-isoprene acrylate); poly (styrene-propyl acrylate), poly (styrene-butyl acrylate), poly (styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid), poly (styrene-butadiene-methacrylic acid), poly (styrene-butyl-acrylate-acrylic acid) poly (styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylic acid), poly (styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile), poly (styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid) and styrene / butyl acrylate / carboxylic acid terpolymers, terpolymers styrene / butyl acrylate / beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, PLIOTONE available from Goodyear, and mixtures thereof. The latex emulsion resin and the optional second latex resin selected may comprise the same resin or different resins. The selected resin particles can be prepared, for example, with emulsion polymerization techniques, including semicontinuous emulsion polymerization methods, and the monomers used in those processes can be selected from, for example, styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadiene, isoprene. and optionally acidic or basic olefinic monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, quaternary ammonium halide of dialkyl or trialguyl acrylamides or methacrylamides, vinylpyridine, vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl-N-methylpyridinium chloride, and the like. The presence of acidic or basic groups in the monomeric or polymeric resin is optional, and those groups may be present in various amounts from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of the polymer resin. Chain transfer agents, such as dodecantiol or carbon tetrabromide, can be selected when resin particles are prepared by emulsion polymerization. Other processes can be selected to obtain resin particles of about 0.01 micrometer to about 1 micrometer of the polymeric microsuspension process, as illustrated in US Pat. No. 3,674,736, the description of which is fully incorporated as a reference, microsuspension processes in solution. polymer, as described in U.S. Patent 5,290,654, the description of which is fully incorporated as a reference, mechanical grinding process, or other known processes. In embodiments, the organic pigment processes described above comprise preparing a non-crosslinked latex resin (resin A) comprising, for example, styrene-butyl acrylate: beta-carboxyethyl acrylate (beta CEA) (monomers A, B and C) , by emulsion polymerization, in the presence of an initiator, a chain transfer agent and a surfactant. The monomers are not limited to the particular range or type. The amount and composition of the resin monomers comprise, for example, from about 70 to about 90 percent styrene, from about 10 to about 30 percent butyl acrylate, and from about 0.5 to about 10 parts per hundred percent. beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, or approximately 76.5 percent styrene, 23.5 percent butyl acrylate and 3 parts per hundred beta-carboxyethyl acrylate. Amounts of initiator, such as, for example, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, or ammonium persulfate, may be selected in the range of from about 0.5 to about 5.0 weight percent of the monomers. The amount of transfer agent used may be selected in the range of about 0.5 to about 5.0 weight percent of monomers A and B. The surfactant may be an anionic surfactant, and may be selected in the range of about 0.7 to about 5.0 weight percent of the aqueous phase. For example, the monomers are polymerized under poor feed conditions as referred to in the Xerox patents such as U.S. Patent Nos. 6,447,974, U.S. Patent 6,576,389, U.S. Patent 6,617,092 and U.S. Patent 6,664,017, which are fully incorporated herein by reference. reference, to provide latex resin particles having a diameter in the range of about 100 to about 300 nanometers. The molecular weight of the latex resin A can be, for example, from about 30,000 to about 37,000, or from about 33,000 to about 34,000, although it is not limited. The initial vitreous transition temperature (Tv) of resin A is from about 49 ° C to about 60 ° C, or from about 48 ° C to about 54 ° C, or about 51 ° C. The amount of carboxylic acid groups can be selected from about 0.05 to about 5.0 parts per hundred resin monomers A and B. The molecular weight of resin A obtained is 34,000, and the molecular number is about 11,000, providing a Non-crosslinked latex resin having a pH of about 2.0. In embodiments, resin A has an Mw of from about 33,000 to about 34,000; an Mn of about 5,000 to about 11,000, or about 8,500; and an Mp of about 20,000 to about 25,000, or about 23,000; and an MWD of approximately 3.5. A non-cross-linked latex resin of high Tv (resin B) comprising styrene: butyl acrylate, beta-carboxyethyl acrylate (beta CEA), again called aguy monomers A, B and C, may be selected by an emulsion polymerization, in the presence of an initiator, a chain transfer agent and a surfactant. In embodiments, the composition of monomers A: B: C can be selected to comprise from about 70 to about 90 percent styrene, from about 10 to about 30 percent butyl acrylate, and about 0.05 parts per cent. one hundred to about 10 parts per hundred of beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, or about 81.7% of styrene, about 18.3% of butyl acrylate, and about 3.0 parts per hundred of beta-carboxyethyl acrylate. Amounts of initiator, such as sodium or ammonium persulfate, can be selected, for example, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3.0 weight percent of the monomers. The amount of chain transfer agent used may be selected, for example, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3.0 weight percent based on the weight of monomers A and B. The surfactant used may be an anionic surfactant, and may be selected in the range of from about 0.7 to about 5.0 weight percent of the aqueous phase. The emulsion polymerization is conducted under a poor feed polymerization as required, for example, in the Xerox patents referred to above, to provide latex resin particles that are selected in the size range of about 100 nanometers to about 300 nanometers of the average particle diameter in volume. The molecular weight of the latex resin B is from about 30,000 to about 40,000, or about 34,000, and the molecular number is about 11,000, providing a non-crosslinked latex resin B having a pH of about 2.0. The initial Tv of high Tv resin B is from about 5 ° C to about 10 ° C higher than the Tv of resin A, or alternatively, from about 55 ° C to about 65 ° C, about 56 ° C up to approximately 64 ° C, or approximately 59 ° C. The amount of carboxylic acid groups may be selected from about 0.05 to about 5.0 parts per hundred of the resin monomers A and B. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants for use in the resin latex dispersion may include, for example, dodecylsulfate sodium (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylnaphthalene sulfate, dialguil benzene-guanyl, sulphates and sulfonates, adipic acid, available from Aldrich, NEOGEN RK ™, NEOGEN SC ™ from Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku or TAYCAPOWER BN2060 commercially available from Tayca Corporation or Dowfax available from DuPont and the like. An effective concentration of the anionic surfactant generally employed may be, for example, from about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent, and more specifically, from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the monomers used to prepare the polymer resin of organic pigment.

Examples of nonionic surfactants which may be included in the resin latex dispersion include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, metallose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyoxyethylene cetyl ether , polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, dialguyl-phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol, available from Rhodia as IGEPAL CA-210 ™, IGEPAL CA -520 ™, IGEPAL CA-720 ™, IGEPAL CO-890 ™, IGEPAL CO-720 ™, IGEPAL CO-290 ™, IGEPAL CA-210 ™, ANTAROX 890 ™ and ANTAROX 897 ™. A suitable concentration of nonionic surfactant may be, for example, from about 0.01 to about 10 weight percent, or from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the monomers used to prepare the polymeric resin of the organic pigment. The pigment dispersion may comprise pigment particles dispersed in an aqueous medium with a nonionic dispersant / surfactant. It can also be a dispersant having the same polarity as that of the resin latex dispersion. Examples of additional surfactants, which may optionally be added to the aggregate suspension before or during coalescence to, for example, prevent the aggregates from growing in size, or to stabilize the aggregate size, with the increase in temperature may be selected from anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, sodium dodecylnaphthalene sulfate, dialguil benzenalguile, sulfates and sulfonates, adipic acid, available from Aldrich, NEOGEN R ™, NEOGEN SC ™ available from Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku, and the like, among others. Examples of acids which may be used include, for example, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, succinic acid, salicylic acid and the like, and acids which are in the form used in a diluted form. in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of the water, or in the range of about 0.7 to about 5 weight percent of the water. The introduction of the sequestering or complexing component comprises, in embodiments, introducing an organic complexing component selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, gluconal, sodium gluconate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, nitrotriacetate salt, humic acid and fulvic acid; salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, gluconal, sodium gluconate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, nitrotriacetate salt, humic acid, and fulvic acid, alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, gluconal, sodium gluconate, potassium citrate, citrate sodium, nitrotriacetate salt, humic acid, and fulvic acid; sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, gluconal, sodium gluconate, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, polyacrylates, sugar acrylates, citric acid, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, nitrotriacetate salt, humic acid, and fulvic acid; potassium salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, gluconal, sodium gluconate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, nitrotriacetate salt, humic acid, and fulvic acid; and calcium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, gluconal, sodium gluconate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, nitrotriacetate salt, humic acid, and fulvic acid, calcium disodium ethylene-diamintetraacetate dehydrate, diammonium methylene diamintetraacetic acid, sodium salt of pentasodic diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, N- (hydroxyethyl) -ethylenediamine trisodium triacetate, polyasaric acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetate, 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone, dopamine, eucalyptus, iminodisuccinic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinate, polysaccharide, sodium ethylenedinitrilotetraacetate, sodium salt of triacetic nitrile acid, thiamine pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate, 2-aminoethylpyrrophosphate, hydroxyl ethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid, aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, diethylene triaminpentamethylene phosphonic acid, ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof . For example, the introduction of the sequestering or complexing component (vii) may comprise in embodiments introducing the organic complexing component comprising ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and the like. Other examples of coagulants include cationic surfactants, for example, dialguyl benzene-guanyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, alkylbenzyl methyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium bromide, trimethyl ammonium bromides of C12, C15, C17, quaternized polyoxyethylalkylamine halide salts, dodecylbenzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, MIRAPOL and ALKAQUAT available from Alkaril Chemical Company, SANIZOL B (benzalkonium chloride), available from Kao Chemicals, and the like, and mixtures thereof. The above inorganic complex components may be selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, potassium silicate, magnesium sulfate silicate, sodium hexameta phosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium trimeta phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, bentonite. , and talc and the like. The organic and inorganic complexing components can be selected in an amount from about 0.01 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent, from about 0.4 weight percent to about 4.0 weight percent based on the total weight of the organic pigment . Inorganic cationic coagulants include, for example, polyaluminium chloride (PAC), polyaluminium sufosilicate, aluminum sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chlorides, calcium, zinc, beryllium, aluminum, sodium, other metal halides , including monovalent and divalent halides. The coagulant may be present in an aqueous medium in an amount of, for example, from about 0.05 to about 10 weight percent, or from about 0.075 to about 5.0 weight percent of the total solids in the organic pigment. The coagulant may also contain minor amounts of the other components, for example nitric acid. In embodiments, the coagulant may comprise a mixture of an inorganic and an organic coagulant including, for example, PAC and SANIZOL B, aluminum sulfate and SANIZOL B, etc. These mixtures of coagulants are also preferably used in an aqueous medium, each present in an amount of, for example, from about 0.05 to about 5.0 weight percent of the total solids in the organic pigment. A dye dispersion is selected, for example, comprising a cyan, magenta, yellow or black pigment dispersion of each color in an anionic surfactant or optionally a nonionic dispersion to provide for example, pigment particles having a diameter size average particle size from about 50 nanometers to about 300 nanometers. The surfactant used to disperse each colorant may be, for example, an anionic surfactant such as Neogen RK ™. An Ultimaizer eguip can be used to provide the pigment dispersion, although milling media or other means may be used. The organic pigment may also comprise a colorant. Suitable colorants include pigments, dyes, mixtures of pigments and dyes, mixtures of pigments, dye mixtures, and the like. In embodiments, the colorant comprises carbon black, magnetite, black, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, brown, mixtures thereof, selected, for example, in an amount of about 1 to about 25 percent by weight. weight on the basis of the total weight of the composition. The dyes may be selected in the form of a pigment dispersion comprising pigment particles having a particle size in the range of about 50 to about 500 nanometers., water and an anionic surfactant or polymeric stabilizer.

In some cases, the pigments are available in the form of wet cake or concentrate containing water, and can be easily dispersed using a homogenizer, or by simply stirring, grinding with a ball mill, abrasion or grinding media. In other cases, the pigments are available only in dry form, whereby a dispersion in water was effected by microfluidization using, for example, an M-110 microfluidizer or an Ultimaizer and passing the pigment dispersion from about 1 to about 10. times through the chamber, or by sonication, such as using the Branson 700 sonicator, or a homogenizer, ball mill, abrasion or grinding media with the optional addition of dispersing agents such as the aforementioned ionic or nonionic surfactants. In the case of the preparation of the carbon black pigment or other pigment dispersion, the above techniques can also be applied in the presence of a surfactant. The specific dyes that can be used include, Violet Paliogen 5100 and 5890 (BASF), Magenta RD-2400 Normandy (Paul Ulrich), Permanent Violet VT2645 (Paul Ulrich), Green Heliogen L8730 (BASF), Green Argyle XP-lll-S (Paul Ulrich), Bright Green Organic Pigment GR 0991 (Paul Ulrich), Scarlet Litol D3700 (BASF), Red Toluidine (Aldrich), Scarlet for Red NSD Thermoplast (Aldrich), Organic Pigment Lithol Rubine (Paul Ulrich), Scarlet Litol 4440, NBD 3700 (BASF), Red Bon C (Dominion Color), Royal Bright Red RD-8192 (Paul Ulrich), Rosa Oracet RF (Ciba Geigy), Red Paliogen 3340 and 3871 K (BASF), Scarlet Lithol Fast L4300 (BASF), Blue Heliogen D6840, D7080, K7090, K6910 and L7020 (BASF), Blue Sudan OS (BASF), Blue Neopen FF4012 (BASF), Blue PV Fast B2G01 (American Hoechst), Blue Irgalite BCA (Ciba Geigy), Blue Paliogen 6470 (BASF), Sudan II, III and IV (Matheson, Coleman, Bell), Orange of Sudan (Aldrich), Orange of Sudan 220 (BASF), Orange Paliogen 3040 (BASF), Orange Ortho OR 2673 (Paul Ulrich), Yellow Paliogen 152 and 1560 (BASF), Yellow Lithol Fast 0991K (BASF), Yellow Paliotol 1840 (BASF), Yellow Novaperm FGL (Hoechst), Yellow Permanerit YE 0305 (Paul Ulrich), Yellow Lumogen D0790 (BASF), Suco-Gelb 1250 (BASF), Yellow Suco D1355 (BASF), Yellow Suco Fast D1165, D1355 and D1351 (BASF), Rosa Hostaperm E (Hoechst), Rosa Fanal D4830 (BASF), Magenta Cinquasia (DuPont), Black Paliogen L9984 (BASF), Black Pigment K801 (BASF) and particularly blacks of smoke like the REGAL® 330 (Cabot) , Smoke Black 5250 and 5750 (Columbian Chemicals), and the like or mixtures thereof. Additional useful colorants include pigments in water-based dispersions such as those commercially available from Sun Chemical, for example, SUNSPERSE BHD 6011 (Blue Type 15), SUNSPERSE BHD 9312 (Blue Pigment 15), SUNSPERSE BHD 6000 (Pigment Blue 15: 3 74160 ), SUNSPERSE GHD 9600 and GHD 6004 (Pigment Green 7 74260), SUNSPERSE QHD 6040 (Pigment Red 122), SUNSPERSE RHD 9668 (Pigment Red 185), SUNSPERSE RHD 9365 and 9504 (Pigment Red 57, SUNSPERSE YHD 6005 (Pigment Yellow 83 ), FLEXIVERSE YFD 4249 (Pigment Yellow 17), SUNSPERSE YHD 6020 and 6045 (Pigment Yellow 74), SUNSPERSE YHD 600 and 9604 (Pigment Yellow 14), FLEXIVERSE LFD 4343 and LFD 9736 (Pigment Black 7) and similar or mixtures of Other useful water-based dye dispersions include those commercially available from Clariant, eg, HOSTAFINE GR Yellow, Black T and Black TS HOSTAFINE, HOSTAFINE B2G Blue, HOSTAFINE Rubine F6B and dry magenta pigment such as Pigment Or Magenta 6BVP2213 and Organic Pigment Magenta E02 which can be dispersed in water and / or surfactant before use. Other useful colorants include, magnetites, such as Mobay magnetites MO8029, MO8960; Columbian magnetites, MAPICO BLACKS and surface treated magnetites; magnetite from Pfizer CB4799, CB5300, CB5600, MCX6369; magnetite from Bayer, BAYFERROX 8600, 8610; Northern Pigments magnetites, NP-604, NP-608; magnets of Magnox TMB-100 or TMB-104; and similar or mixtures thereof. Examples of specific additional pigments include phthalocyanine BLUE HELIOGEN L6900, D6840, D7080, D7020, BLUE OLEOUS PYLAM, YELLOW OLEOUS PYLAM, BLUE PIGMENT 1 available from Paul Ulrich & Company, Inc., PIGMENTO VIOLET 1, PIGMENTO RED 48, YELLOW CHROME LEMON DCC 1026, RED OF TOLUIDINE E.D. and BON C RED available from Dominion Color Corporation, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, YELLOW NOVAPERM FGL, ROSA HOSTAPERM E from Hoechst, and MAGENTA CINQUASIA available from E.l DuPont de Nemours & Company, and the like. Examples of magentas include, for example, quinacridone substituted with dimethyl in positions 2,9 and anthraquinone dye identified in the Color Index as Cl 60710, Scattered Red Cl 15, diazo dye identified in the Color Index as Cl 26050, Red Solvent Cl 19, and similar or mixtures thereof. Illustrative examples of cyan include copper tetra (okatadecylsulfonamide) phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine pigment of x-copper, listed in the Color Index as CI74160, Blue Pigment Cl, and Anthratren Blue identified in the Color Index as DI 69810, Special Blue X-2137, and the like or mixtures thereof. Illustrative examples of yellows that can be selected include the diarylide yellow 3,3-dichlorobenzide acetoacetanilides, a monoazo pigment identified in the Color Index as Cl 12700, Solvent Yellow Cl 16, nitrophenyl amin sulfonamide identified in the Color Index as Yellow Foron SE / GLN, Scattered Yellow Cl 33 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-sulfoanilido phenylazo-4-chloro-2,4-dimethoxy acetoacetanilide, and Permanent Yellow FGL. The colored magnetites, such as BLACK MAPICO blends and cyan components can be selected as pigments. The pigment dispersion comprises pigment particles dispersed in an aqueous medium with an anionic dispersant / surfactant or a nonionic dispersant / surfactant, and wherein the dispersant / surfactant is in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 percent. The organic pigment may also include known filler additives in effective amounts such as from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent, such as halides, alkyl pyridinium bisulfates, the charge control additives of US Pat. Nos. 3,944,493; 4,007,293; 4,079,014; 4,394,430 and 4,560,635, the descriptions of which are fully incorporated as reference, and the like. The surface additives which may be added to the organic pigment compositions after washing or drying include, for example, metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, colloidal silicas, metal oxides, mixtures thereof, and the like, additives. which are usually present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent, refer to US Patents 3,590,000, 3,720,617, 3,655,374 and 3,983,045, the descriptions of which are fully incorporated by reference. Examples of suitable additives include zinc stearate and AEROSIL R972® available from Degussa in amounts of about 0.1 to about 2 percent which can be added during the aggregation process or mixed into the formed organic pigment product. The organic pigments can be prepared by known processes. In embodiments, the composite organic pigment particles can be formed by mixing the non-crosslinked latex central resin A in the presence of a wax and pigment dispersion to which is added a coagulant comprised of a polymetal halide such as a polyaluminum chloride while Mix at high speeds using a polytron. The resulting mixture having a pH of about 2.0 to about 3.0, is then added by heating to a lower temperature than the Tv of the resin to provide an organic pigment sizing aggregate. The non-cross linked latex B resin of high Tv is then added to the formed aggregates. This last addition of high Tv latex (B) provides a coating on the preformed aggregates. The pH of the mixture then changes by the addition of a sodium hydroxide solution to about 4.0 followed by the addition of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) Versene 100®, which is complexed with the metal ion of the polymetal halide and removes partially this one of the organic pigment. The resulting pH is from about 5.0 to about 6.0. At this pH, the carboxylic acid is ionized to provide additional negative charge on the aggregates thereby providing stability. The pH also prevents the particles from growing further or increasing the GSD when heated above the Tv of the latex resin. The temperature rises to about 95 ° C to coalesce or fuse the aggregates to provide a composite particle upon further heating. Those fused particles are measured in a shape factor or circularity using a Sysmex FPIA 2100 analyzer until the desired shape is reached, after which the pH is adjusted to 7.0, and the organic pigment suspension is continuously heated to approximately 95 ° C. , until a total of 5 hours is reached at 95 ° C. The mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and is washed using the following conditions. The first wash is conducted at a pH of about 10 at a temperature of 63 ° C followed by a wash with DIW water at room temperature. This is followed by a wash at a pH of 4.0 at a temperature of 40 ° C followed by a wash with final DIW water. The organic pigment is then dried.

Disclosure and imaging processes are also provided here, including a process for preparing a developer comprising preparing an organic pigment composition with the processes for organic pigments illustrated herein and mixing the resulting organic pigment composition with a carrier. The developer compositions can be prepared by mixing the organic pigments obtained with the processes of the present disclosure with known carrier particles, including coated carriers, such as steel, ferrites and the like, refer to US Patent Nos. 4,937,166 and 4,935,326, the descriptions of which they are fully incorporated as a reference, using, for example, from about 2 to about 8 percent of the concentration of organic pigment. The selected carriers may also contain dispersed in the polymeric coating a conductive compound, such as a conductive conductor conductive carbon black which is present in various suitable amounts, such as from about 15 to about 65, or from about 20 to about 45 percent in weight of total solids. Imaging methods were also contemplated as part of the present description, for example, refer to a number of mentioned patents, and US Pat. No. 4,265,660, the description of which is fully incorporated by reference. Imaging processes comprise, for example, preparing an image with an electrophotographic or xerographic device comprising a charging component, an image forming component, a photoconductive component, a developing component, a transfer component and a radio component. fusion; and wherein the developing component comprises a developer prepared by mixing a carrier with an organic pigment composition prepared with the illustrated organic pigment processes; an image forming process comprising preparing an image with an electrophotographic or xerographic device comprising a charging component, an imaging component, a photoconductive component, a developing component, a transfer component and a fusion component; wherein the developing component comprises a developer prepared by mixing a carrier with an organic pigment composition prepared with the processes for organic pigments illustrated above; and wherein the electrophotographic or xerographic device comprises a high speed printer, a high speed black and white printer, a color printer or combinations thereof. The size of the organic pigment particles can be, for example, from about 1 to about 25 microns, from about 3 microns to about 9 microns, more specifically from about 4 to about 6 microns or about 5 microns. The following Examples are presented to better define various species of the present disclosure. These examples are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Also, the parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of Latex A Resin (Low Tv) A latex emulsion designated as resin A was prepared comprising polymer particles generated from the emulsion polymerization of styrene, n-butyl acrylate and beta-CEA as follow. A surfactant solution comprising 605 grams of Dowfax 2 l (anionic emulsifier) and 387 kg of deionized water was prepared by mixing for 10 minutes in a stainless steel containment tank. The containment tank was then purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes before transferring it to a reactor. The reactor was then continuously purged with nitrogen while being stirred at 100 RPM. The reactor was then heated to 80 ° C and kept there. Separately, 6.1 kg of ammonium persulphate initiator was dissolved in 30.2 kg of deionized water. Separately, the monomeric emulsion was prepared in the following manner. An amount of 311.4 kg of styrene, 95.6 kg of butyl acrylate, 12.21 kg of beta-CEA, 2.88 kg of 1-dodecantiol, 1.42 kg of ADOD; 8.04 kg of DOWFAX 2Al (anionic surfactant) and 193 kg of deionized water were all mixed to form an emulsion. A quantity of 1 percent of the above emulsion was then slowly fed into a reactor containing the aqueous surfactant phase at 80 ° C to form the "seeds" while purging with nitrogen. The starter solution was then slowly charged into the reactor, and after 10 minutes, the remainder of the emulsion was continuously fed using a metering pump at a rate of 0.5 percent / minute. Once all of the monomeric emulsion was charged to the main reactor, the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C for an additional 2 hours to complete the reaction. Then total cooling was applied and the reaction temperature was reduced to 35 ° C. The product was collected in a containment tank. After drying, the molecular properties of the latex were Mw = 35,419; Mn = 11, 354, and the initial Tv was from Example 2 Preparation of Latex B Resin (High Tv) A latex emulsion designated B resin was prepared which comprised polymer particles generated from the emulsion polymerization of styrene, n-butyl acrylate and beta-CEA as follows. A surfactant solution comprising 605 grams of DOWFAX 2A1 (anionic emulsifier) and 387 kg of deionized water was prepared by mixing for 10 minutes in a stainless steel containment tank. The containment tank was then purged with nitrogen for 5 minutes before transferring it to a reactor. The reactor was then continuously purged with nitrogen while being stirred at 100 RPM. The reactor was then heated to 80 ° C and kept there. Separately, 6.1 kg of ammonium persulphate initiator was dissolved in 30.2 kg of deionized water. Separately, the monomeric emulsion was prepared in the following manner. An amount of about 332.5 kg of styrene, 74.5 kg of butyl acrylate, 12.21 kg of beta-CEA, 2.88 kg of 1-dodecantiol, 1.42 kg of ADOD; 8.04 kg of DOWFAX 2A1 (anionic surfactant) and 193 kg of deionized water were all mixed to form an emulsion.

A quantity of 1 percent of the above emulsion was then slowly fed into a reactor containing the aqueous surfactant phase at 80 ° C to form the "seeds" while purging with nitrogen. The starter solution was then slowly charged into the reactor, and after 10 minutes, the remainder of the emulsion was continuously fed using a metering pump at a rate of 0.5 percent / minute. Once all - the monomeric emulsion was charged into the main reactor, the temperature was maintained at 80 ° C for an additional 2 hours to complete the reaction. Then total cooling was applied and the reactor temperature was reduced to 35 ° C. The product was collected in a containment tank. After drying, the molecular properties of the latex were Mw = 33,700; Mn = 10,900, and the initial Tv was 58.6 ° C. Example 3 Preparation of the Organic Pigment An organic pigment was prepared by emulsion aggregation as follows. An amount of 576.7 grams of DIW with 277.0 grams of Latex A (41% solids), 107.13 grams of X1214 wax # 1 (20% solids) (from Baker Petrolite) and 64.1 grams of Cyan pigment PB: 15: 3 (17% solids) were all loaded in a 2 liter plastic container. The mixture was homogenized using an IKA Turrax probe at 6,000 rpm for 10 minutes. A PAC solution of 10 percent polyaluminum chloride containing dilute nitric acid was added to the plastic container during the homogenization period. The PAC solution comprised 3.6 grams of polyaluminum chloride plus 32.4 grams of nitric acid diluted to 0.02 molar. The resulting suspension was transferred to a Buchi stainless steel reactor with a size of 2 liters. The reactor was installed with a mechanical agitator and equipped with double separated blade impellers. The mixture was stirred at 800 rpm in the reactor. The content of the reactor was heated to 52 ° C and the particle size was verified. When the particle size reached 5.2 microns, an additional 134.6 grams of higher B-latex (41% solids) were added as the coating latex. The temperature of the reactor was maintained at 52 ° C, for an additional 60 minutes, and a particle size of 5.5 microns was obtained. An amount of 4.8 grams of Versene 100 (active 39% tetrasodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in sodium hydroxide solution and available from Dow Chemicals) was added to the contents of the reactor. By this addition, the pH of the reactor content was increased from 2.6 to about 4.0. After about 10 minutes, additional sodium hydroxide was added to increase the pH to 5.4. The reactor temperature was then raised from 52 ° C to 95 ° C in 45 minutes and maintained at 95 ° C for 3 hours for coalescence, before cooling. The circularity of the particles was determined as 0.966. The particle size was measured in a Coulter counter and found to be 5.5 micrometers with a GSD of 1.18. The organic pigment was washed by adjusting the pH of the suspension to 8.8, and heated to a temperature of 63 ° C for 20 minutes. The resulting organic pigment suspension was filtered and washed with water once followed by diluted nitric acid and a final DIW wash. The final 5.5 micron EA cyan pigment was dehydrated and dried for the evaluation of the organic pigment and the characterization processes. The above procedure was repeated, but using a different batch of fractional wax each time. The different fractionated waxes were X1214 # 3, X1214 # 4, and X1214 # 2, each of Baker Petrolite. The organic pigments were then evaluated by the properties of organic pigment such as gloss, creases, hot transfer, blogging, release and other properties. The organic pigments produced good results in each area. It will be appreciated that several of the features and functions, or alternatives thereof discussed above and others, may be desirably combined in many other systems or different applications.

Also, various alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements not currently contemplated or not anticipated may be made subsequently by those skilled in the art, which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims. It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.

Claims (30)

1. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A gum organic pigment composition, characterized in that it comprises a) a first resin comprising a copolymer of styrene and vinyl and having a Tv of about 46 to about 56 ° C, b) a second resin comprising a styrene-vinyl copolymer having a Tv of about 54 to about 65 ° C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and an enthalpy heat, both from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J / g per each weight percent of the wax used in the chemical organic pigment composition, and where the wax has a peak melting point of about 70 to about 99 ° C, and d) a dye, where the chemical organic pigment has a brightness of about 30 to about 80 GGU.
2. 2. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the peak melting point is from about 80 to about 95 ° C.
3. 3. The organic pigment according to claim 2, characterized in that the peak melting point is from about 85 to about 94 ° C.
4. 4. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the brightness is from about 40 to about 70 GGU.
5. 5. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized by the heat of crystallization and the heat of enthalpy is from about 1.5 to about 3.0.
6. 6. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment has a temperature of blogging according to what is measured by the thermal cohesion of about 45 to about 65 ° C.
7. 7. The organic pigment according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of the blog is about 53 to about 65 ° C.
8. 8. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the degree of separation between a final point of the first resin of the organic pigment and the second resin, and an initial point of the wax, is from about 2 ° C to about 7 ° C.
9. 9. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment has a circularity of about 0.95 to about 1.00.
10. 10. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment has a form factor of from about 100 to about 130.
11. 11. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment has a cohesion of organic pigment from about 5 to about 65, where the cohesion of the organic pigment is calculated as percent cohesion using the following expression% organic pigment cohesion = [(M? / M) + 3/5 (MB / M) + l / 5 (Mc / Mt)] x 100 where MA is the mass of organic pigment collected on the sieve with a pore size of 53 microns, MB is the mass of the organic pigment collected on a sieve with a pore size of 45 micrometers, Mc is the mass of organic pigment collected on a sieve with a pore size of 38 micrometers, and Mt is the mass of the amount of organic pigment used.
12. 12. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment has a melt flow index of about 25 to about 50, when measured at a temperature of about 125 ° C and a load of 5 kg.
13. 13. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment has a minimum fold fixation temperature of about 140 to about 160 ° C.
14. 14. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the wax comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax., polypropylene, paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, jojoba wax, rice wax, beeswax, montanic acid ester wax, castor wax and mixtures thereof.
15. 15. The organic pigment according to claim 14, characterized in that the wax comprises polyethylene.
16. 16. The organic pigment according to claim 15, characterized in that the polyethylene is crystalline polyethylene.
17. 17. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second resins comprise both a styrene acrylate resin.
18. 18. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second resins comprise both a styrene and n-butyl acrylate.
19. 19 The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first resin comprises styrene, butyl acrylate and beta-carboxyethyl acrylate. twenty .
20. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the second resin comprises styrene, butyl acrylate and beta-carboxyethyl acrylate. twenty-one .
21. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the second resin has a Tv of about 5 to about 10 ° C higher than the Tv of the first resin.
22. 22 The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first resin has a Tv of about 48 to about 54 ° C. 2. 3 .
23. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized by the second resin having a Tv of about 56 to about 64 ° C.
24. 24 The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the first resin has an Mw of about 30,000 to about 37,000.
25. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized by the second resin having an Mw of about 30,000 to about 40,000.
26. 26. The organic pigment according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic pigment further comprises a coagulant.
27. 27. The organic pigment according to claim 26, characterized in that the coagulant is selected from the group consisting of polyaluminum chloride and polyaluminium sulfosilicate.
28. 28. The organic pigment according to claim 26, characterized in that the coagulant comprises a metal ion, and wherein the metal ion of the coagulant is present in the organic pigment composition in an amount of about 250 to about 500 ppm.
29. 29. A gum organic pigment composition, characterized by comprising a) a first resin comprising a copolymer of styrene and vinyl and having a Tv of about 48 to about 54 ° C, and an Mw of about 30,000 to about 37,000, b) a second resin comprising a styrene and n-butyl acrylate having a Tv of about 56 to about 64 ° C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and an enthalpy heat, both of about 1.0 up to about 4.0 J / g for each percent by weight of the wax used in the guinea organic pigment composition, and where the wax has a peak melting point of about 70 to about 99 ° C, and d) a dye, where the pigment Organic chemical has a brightness of about 30 to about 80 GGU
30. 30. A guinea organic pigment composition, characterized by comprising a) a first resin comprising styrene, butyl acrylate and beta-carboxy ethyl acrylate, and having a Tv of about 46 to about 56 ° C, b) a second resin which it comprises a styrene-vinyl copolymer having a Tv of about 54 to about 65 ° C, c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and an enthalpy heat, both of from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J / g per each weight percent of the wax used in the chemical organic pigment composition, and where the wax has a peak melting point of about 70 to about 99 ° C, and d) a dye, where the guiny organic pigment has a gloss of about 30. up to approximately 80 GGU.