MXPA06007254A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger permitting, in an efficient, simple and reliable manner and for a moderate cost, the connection in series, in parallel or according to a mixed configuration of thermal elements to one another and to an external circuit while limiting the risks of leakage and the number of connections. The heat exchanger (1a) comprises calorie-emitting and negative calorie-emitting thermal elements (2a1, 2a2) each of which being passed through by a conduit whose inlet orifices (21) and outlet orifices (22) are connected to one another and to at least one thermal fluid circuit by an interface plate (3a) situated above a closing plate (5a) and defining two interface circuits (4a1, 4a2). The interface plate (3a) also comprises two supply orifices (31) and two discharge orifices (32) for connecting the interface circuits to two external circuits hot and cold suited for using the calories and the negative calories recovered from said thermal fluid. The inventive heat exchanger is to be used for cooling, heating, air-conditioning, and regulating temperature in any type of installation.

Description

EXCHANGED! * THERMAL Technical Field The present invention relates to a heat exchanger carrying at least one group of two thermal elements as minimum, calorie emitters and / or frigories and which are each provided with at least one inlet and at least one outlet orifice interconnected by at least one conduit passing through the thermal element to receive a thermal fluid arranged to recover the calories and / or the frigories, a heat exchanger that has junction elements arranged to interconnect the conduits and join them at least to an external circuit to the heat exchanger arranged to use the calories and / or the frigories recovered by said thermal fluid. Prior art: In a known manner, traditional heat exchangers have thermal elements interconnected and connected to one or more external thermal fluid circuits through pipes, connections and sealing gaskets. The connections are preferably removable to facilitate assembly and maintenance operations. This joining technique is laborious in its realization and for this an important number of pieces is needed which makes it difficult to control the airtightness of this type of heat exchanger.

One example is illustrated in the publication WO-A-03/050456 which describes a heat magnetic heat exchanger carrying twelve thermal elements based on gadoliniums alternatively subjected to a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet in rotation. Each thermal element has at least four holes, two of which are inlet and two are outlet and which are interconnected in pairs by ducts and are connected to the external circuits of "hot" and "cold" by rotating joints . Each rotary joint has seven connections that selectively connect the ducts, depending on the position of the permanent magnet, to the external "hot" and "cold" circuits. This heat exchanger therefore has four rotating joints per thermal element, that is to say forty-eight connections to which seven connections are added for each of the four rotary joints, that is to say twenty-eight more connections, from which a total of sixty six connections. This considerable number of connections thus increases the number of mechanical organs and therefore also the risks of thermal fluid leakage. It also considerably limits the prospects for technical evolution of this technical exchanger and makes the equipment economically unprofitable. Finally, this heat exchanger, whose operation is unreliable, is technically difficult and expensive to perform. Therefore it can be said that this solution is not satisfactory. Another bonding technique is illustrated in the publications ÜS-A-4, 644, 385 and US-A-5, 509, 468 and contemplates replacing by rigid plates that integrate cooling fluid circulation channels by radiators of electronic circuits. In this type of application, the radiator carries for each electronic circuit a single plate arranged to ab the dissipated calories, which is connected to a collector plate coupled to a heat exchanger. On the other hand, the connection between the different plates and the heat exchanger requires specific rigid or flexible connections that integrate or not a gate or valve. As a consequence, such a solution does not make it possible to get rid of the connecting pieces and the drawbacks associated therewith. In addition, in this type of application, it can be said that the cooling circuit is immovable and non-evolving, the objective being simply the dissipation of calories. Description of the present invention: The present invention contemplates remedying these drawbacks by proposing a heat exchanger that in an efficient, simple, reliable and at a moderate cost allows to join the thermal elements between them as well as one or several external circuits, limiting at the same time the risks of leakage and the number of mechanical parts and at the same time facilitating maintenance operations. The invention proposes a heat exchanger that authorizes the use of a considerable number of thermal elements and / or several groups of thermal elements, which can be interconnected according to a configuration in series, parallel or mixed system, being able to easily modify the number of elements Thermal and junction settings. For this purpose, the present invention relates to a heat exchanger of the kind indicated in the preamble and characterized in that the connecting elements carry at least one interface plate pressed against the thermal elements, comprising at least one ducting provided with connection holes arranged in front of the inlet and outlet orifices of the thermal elements and the channeling being arranged here to define at least one interface circuit that authorizes the circulation of the thermal fluid between said thermal elements and the interface plate according to a connection in series, parallel or mixed, the interface board also being provided with at least one arrival hole and at least one evacuation orifice made to join the interface circuit to the external circuit. In a preferred form of the invention, the thermal elements alternately emit calories and frigories and the interface plate carries at least two ducts, each provided with at least one arrival hole, an evacuation orifice and linking holes, and which are arranged to define two different interface circuits, linked to two external circuits. Advantageously, the heat exchanger carries at least two groups of thermal elements each provided with at least one interface plate and complementary connecting elements arranged to connect the interface boards between them and the interface circuits of these groups. corresponding, in accordance with a connection in series, in parallel or in mixed system. According to a variant embodiment, the connecting elements carry at least two interface plates superimposed two by two, each of which carries at least one channel, an inlet, an evacuation orifice and linked connection holes. to a set of thermal elements. These interface plates can carry through holes arranged opposite one another to define a common interface circuit. The channeling can be formed at least in part by a network of through holes made in the thickness of the interface plate and selectively closed by plugs depending on the interface circuit to be made. The channeling can also be formed at least in part by one or more practical slots on at least one face of the interface plate and made by mechanical operation, engraving or molding. In this case, the connection elements advantageously include at least one sealing plate superimposed on the interface plate on the side of the groove to form the channel. The sealing plate can be arranged between two interface plates and arranged to form a channel with each of them. This sealing plate may have through-holes which open into the above-mentioned ducts and which are arranged to be joined according to a series, parallel or mixed connection system. Preferably, the connecting elements of a thermally insulating material are made and they have sealing elements disposed at least between the thermal elements and the interface plate, these sealing means can consist of a coating or a "Teflon" sheet, of a liquid joint or similar thing. According to a preferred embodiment, the shutter plate carries a mobile switch between at least two positions in order to modify the way of connection between the interface circuits. This switch can be selected from the group consisting of a slide, a core, a distributor and the system can be controlled by servomechanisms.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: The present invention and its advantages will be more clearly highlighted in the following description of several embodiments in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings presented by way of non-limiting examples, in which: Figures 1A-C are respectively top, side and top views in transparent form of a first embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention; FIG. ID is a view similar to FIG. 1C in which the hot and cold thermal circuits are schematically represented; FIGS. 1E and 1F are sectional views along the lines A? and BB of the interface plate of the heat exchanger of FIG. ID only; - Figures 1G and 1H are sectional views of the heat exchanger of the previous figures in which the hot and cold thermal circuits have been represented schematically; Figures II and 1J are exploded views in perspective from above and below of the heat exchanger according to the previous figures; Figures 2A, 2B and 2D are respectively exploded views from below and from above and a side view of a second embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention; Figure 2C is a view similar to the Figure ID of the heat exchanger of Figure 2A. Figures 3A and 3B are respectively views from above and from one side of a third embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention; Figure 3C illustrates the assembly by superposition of the interface plates and the sealing plate to form the joining elements of the heat exchanger according to figures 3A, B; - Figures 3D and 3E are exploded views in perspective from above and below of the heat exchanger of Figures 3A-C; Figures 4A-D are sectional side views of several embodiments of the joining elements of the heat exchanger according to the invention; Figures 5A, 6A, 7A are top views of three other embodiments of heat exchangers according to the invention; - Figures 5B, 6B, 7B are views similar to Figures 5A, 6A, 7A in which the hot and cold thermal circuits are schematically represented; Figures 8A and 8B are top views of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention and in each of them a part of the hot and cold thermal circuits has been schematically represented; - Figures 9A and 9B are respectively views in partial exploded view and complete non-exploded view of another embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention and - Figures 10, 11A-C are perspective views of other embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the invention. the invention. Illustrations of the invention: With reference to the figures and as is known, the heat exchanger la-o carries one or several groups 200a-o of thermal elements 2a-or emitters of calories and / or frigorías carried by a support and that they they are fixed by fastening elements, not shown, permanent or demountable, for example by gluing, welding, screwing, mechanical fastening or overmolding. In the illustrated examples, the thermal elements 2a-o are of the magneto caloric type. It is understood that they can also be of another type and operate according to a different adapted principle. Each thermal element 2a-o contains a caloric magneto material such as gadolinium (Gd) or any other equivalent material. Thus, when the thermal element 2a-o is subjected to the presence of a magnetic field, it is heated and when the magnetic field disappears it cools to a temperature lower than its initial temperature. The principle of operation of the heat exchangers la-o by way of example, therefore consists in alternatively submitting the thermal elements 2a-to the presence and absence of a magnetic field and recovering the calories and / or the frigories successively issued by each thermal element 2a-o by a thermal fluid in circulation. To achieve this effect the magnetic field is placed in a movable position relative to the thermal elements and / or in a variable condition and each thermal element 2a-o is crossed by at least one conduit 20 whose inlet 21 and outlet 22 holes are joined by connecting elements 3a-o, to one or several external circuits (not shown) where the thermal fluid is put into circulation and the calories or frigories are used in a facility to heat, cool, acclimate or temper an atmosphere. The quantity of thermal elements 2a-o provided in each group 200a-o can be adapted according to the needs and according to the type of operation desired. In the examples shown, the duct 20 passing through the thermal elements 2a-o has the shape of a U. It is obvious that it can have any other adapted shape. According to a variant of embodiment not shown, the duct 20 can carry, for example, an internal chamber that can receive the caloric magneto material, for example in the form of tablets. The magnetic field is generated for example by permanent magnets or by assembled magnetic assemblies (not shown) that are mounted on horse to the thermal elements 2a-o and are arranged between staggered to force a thermal element 2a-or between two. The magnetic field may also be generated by adjacent permanent magnets (not shown) that apply alternative stress and simultaneously to all the thermal elements 2a-o. The permanent magnets are fixed or coupled to displacement elements (not shown) that make them movable relative to the thermal elements 2a-o. These displacement elements can be alternative, step by step or also continuous, and generate a displacement of the permanent magnets in rotation, pivoting, translation or any combination of movements and trajectories such as helical, translation circular, a sinusoidal translation or a translation according to any other adapted trajectory. The displacement elements include, for example, a motor, a jack, a spring mechanism, an overhead generator, an electromagnet, a hydro generator or any other equivalent device. The permanent magnets can also be aligned from side to side to apply energy to all the thermal elements of the same series. According to the invention, the connecting elements of the heat exchanger 2a- or at least one interface plate 3a- or provided with one or more conduits 34 are provided. These conduits 34 have connection holes 30 directly attached to the inlet orifices 21 and outlet 22 to put the conduits 20 of the different thermal elements 2a-oy in communication so as to define one or more interface circuits 4a-o that allow the circulation of the thermal fluid between the thermal elements 2a-o. This interface plate 3a-o is also provided with one or more arrival and evacuation orifices 32 that are intended to join the circuit or interface circuits 4a-to one or more external circuits, for example an external circuit of " hot "and an external" cold "circuit. According to the examples shown in FIGS. 1-8, the heat exchangers la-j each carry a single group 200a-j of thermal elements la-j while, referring to figures 9-11, the heat exchangers lk- or they each carry several groups 200k-o of thermal elements Ik-o. These different examples are intended to show the multiple possibilities of combination that can be taken into account within the present invention. With reference to figures 1A-J and according to a first embodiment, the heat exchanger is carried by a group 200a of two rows of six thermal elements 2al, 2a2, alternated and assembled in an interface plate 3a forming a rectilinear frame. The thermal elements 2al, 2a2 are simultaneously subjected to the presence and absence of a magnetic field and are connected to the interface board to thereby define two different interface circuits 4al, 4a2. This heat exchanger thus allows it to simultaneously recover the calories emitted by the thermal elements 2al of a first set by a first circuit of interface 4al and the frigories emitted by the thermal elements 2a2 of a second set by the second circuit of interface 4a2 and vice versa . The interface plate 3a can be made of a thermally insulating and mechanically rigid material such as, for example, some composite material, a synthetic material or any other equivalent material. It can also be made of a thermally conductive material such as a metallic alloy or a porcelain and can be thermally insulated at the level of its outer walls, for example by means of an adapted coating. This interface plate 3a has four holes of which two holes are of arrival 31 and two holes are evacuation 32, which are interconnected by traditional joining aids (not shown) to two external circuits (not shown) of which a outer circuit is "hot" and the other is "cold." Interchangeable elements can be inserted (not shown) that allow to swing from one external circuit to the other and vice versa. The switching elements alternatingly connect each interface circuit 4al, 4a2 to the "hot" external circuit and then to the "cold" external circuit. They carry, for example, valves or gates, distributors of electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic control or any other adapted element. The outer circuits carry elements of free or forced circulation of the thermal fluid (not shown) such as a pump or any other equivalent element. Each external circuit of "hot" and "cold" is also equipped with one or more heat exchangers, respectively of calories or frigorías, or any other equivalent element that allows the diffusion and use of these calories and these frigories. Depending on the applications, the external circuits can also carry elements for reversing the direction of circulation of the thermal fluid. The interface plate 3a is arranged to be applied against the thermal elements 2a and to ensure a connection with simple contact and without interposed mechanical connection. For this purpose, it leads in front of the inlet 21 and outlet 22 of each thermal element 2al, 2a2, connecting holes 30 connected two by two through slots in the face of the interface plate 3a opposite the thermal elements 2al, 2a2. The interface plate 3a is superimposed on a sealing plate 5a on the side of the grooves to form the duct 34. The interface plate 3a, the sealing plate 5a and the thermal elements 2al, 2a2, are assembled by sealing elements or sealing (not shown) as for example a sheet of "teflon", a liquid joint or a specific coating. These sealing elements carry when they are placed between the interface plate 3a and the thermal elements 2al, 2a2, through holes for the thermal fluid relative to the connection holes 30. The slots are arranged to connect the inlet orifice 21 of the first thermal element 2al, 2a2, of each assembly to an arrival hole 31 and the outlet orifice 22 of the last thermal element 2al, 2a2, of each assembly to an evacuation orifice 32. Excluding the inlet orifices 21 and outlet 22 already communicated, the slots connect, for each of the assemblies, the outlet orifice 22 of a thermal element 2al, 2a2 to the inlet 21 of the next thermal element 2al, 2a2. The thermal elements 2al, 2a2, of the same assembly are thus connected in series, respectively. In order to avoid any crossing of the interface circuits 4a, the slots follow a trajectory in the form of overlapping half-battlements. These grooves can be made, for example, by mechanical comparisons, by engraving or molding. The interface plate 3a as shown can easily adapt to a number of thermal elements 2a higher particularly to increase the thermal incapacity of the exchanger la. The operation of the heat exchanger can be decomposed in two stages between which the switching elements are tilted and whereby the magnetic field is modified. Thus, at each stage change, the first set of thermal elements 2al previously subjected to the magnetic field is subjected to the absence thereof and to the reverse 1 for the second set of thermal elements 2a2. further, the first interface circuit 4al previously connected to the external "hot" circuit is connected to the external "cold" circuit and vice versa for the second interface circuit 4a2. In a first stage of operation, the thermal elements 2al of the first assembly subjected to the magnetic field are heated and heat the thermal fluid present in the first interface circuit 4al. In parallel, the thermal elements 2a2 of the second set that are no longer subjected to the magnetic field are cooled to reach a temperature lower than their starting temperature and cool the thermal fluid present in the second interface circuit 4a2. In this series configuration, each thermal fluid enters the interface plate 3a through one of the arrival orifices 31. The thermal fluid of the first interface circuit 4al is reheated to a temperature + tl by the first thermal element 2al of the first set submitted to the magnetic field. It is then guided by the pipe 34 towards the second thermal element 2al that reheats it to a temperature + t2 higher + tl and thus consecutively to the last thermal element 2al. Then, the superheated thermal fluid exits from the interface plate 3a through one of the evacuation orifices 32 and is guided to the external "hot" circuit where the calories are evacuated, recovered and used for example by means of one or more calorie exchangers. Simultaneously, the thermal fluid of the second interface circuit 4a2 is cooled to a temperature -ti by the first thermal element 2a2 of the second set not subjected to the magnetic field. It is then guided by the pipe 34 towards the second thermal element 2a2 which cools it to a lower temperature -t2 -t thus consecutively to the last thermal element 2a2. Then the cooled thermal fluid comes out of the interface plate 3a through the other evacuation orifice 32 and is guided to the external "cold" circuit where the frigories are evacuated, recovered and used for example by means of one or more heat exchangers. The second stage is basically similar to the first stage and the thermal elements 2 to the "heaters" become "coolers" and the thermal elements 2a2"coolers" become "heaters". Operation can be continued by alternating the first and second stages. The heat exchanger of this first embodiment can be connected to another heat exchanger, similar or not, in series, in parallel or in a mixed series and parallel system. This connection can be done in a traditional way by pipes or by a link interface plate (not shown) that puts the interface plates 3a of each heat exchanger in communication with one another or by means of a multiple interface plate that replaces the two plates of 3a interface and the link plate. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION: With reference to FIGS. 2A-D and in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger Ib, basically similar to the previous one, differs from it by its circular configuration which allows to animate the magnetic elements according to a circular motion and continues in the place of a rectilinear and alternative movement in the case of a linear configuration. It has a group 200b of 12 thermal elements 2bl, 2b2 which are in the form of circular sectors supported by an interface plate 3b that forms a ring and has four holes, two of which are arrival 31 and two holes are evacuation 32 The connection holes 30 and the channeling 34 made in the interface plate 3b are basically similar to the previous ones. The interface plate 3b is coupled to a sealing plate 5b carrying through holes 40 in front of the arrival and withdrawal orifices 32 of the interface plate 3b. The thermal elements 2bl, 2b2 and the interface board 3b define two interface circuits 4b, 4b2. The operation of this heat exchanger Ib is basically similar to the previous one. The heat exchanger Ib of this second embodiment can also be connected to another heat exchanger Ib, similar or not, in series, in parallel or mixed in series and parallel. According to a third embodiment illustrated by Figures 3A-E, the heat exchanger leads to a group 200c consisting of two heat exchangers basically similar to that of Figures 1A-J, superimposed and combined. This heat exchanger thus takes four rows of 6 thermal elements 2cl, 2c2 whose two rows are supported by a first interface plate 3cl and in which the other two rows are supported by a second interface plate 3c2 superimposed on the first 3cl. Each interface plate 3cl, 3c2 is similar to the interface plate 3a. It has four holes, two of which are of arrival and two are of evacuation, with the connecting holes 30 and the pipes 34 organized in an identical manner. The interface plates 3cl, 3c2 are separated by a sealing plate 5c carrying through holes 50 in front of the arrival orifices 31 and evacuation 32 of the two interface plates 3cl, 3c2 to connect their interface circuits (not shown) ) in parallel. The interface plates 3cl, 3c2 and the sealing plate 5c are assembled by means of permanent fixing aids or not as gluing, welding, screwing, securing or overmolding. The operation of this heat exchanger is basically similar to that of Figures 1A-J. The interface plates 3cl, 3c2 can be realized differently and thus one of them connects for example to the thermal elements 2cl, 2c2 carried in series and the other connects the thermal elements 2cl, 2c2 which it holds in parallel as described below. In the example described, the arrival and evacuation holes 32 of the two interface plates 3cl, 3c2 are superimposed and connected in parallel by the through holes 50 of the sealing plate 5 and then joined to the external circuits. According to a first variant of embodiment not shown, it is possible to connect the interface plates 3cl, 3c2 in series, for example providing that the sealing plate t5 is brought to: an arrival hole connected to the arrival orifice of a first plate 3cl interface, - a channel connecting the evacuation orifice of this first interface plate 3cl to the arrival hole of the second interface plate 3c2, and an evacuation orifice connected to the evacuation orifice of the second interface plate 3c2, the channeling being formed by a slot or by a hole. According to a second embodiment variant shown in Figure 4A, the heat exchanger Id, in which only the connecting elements are represented, carries interface plates 3dl, 3d2, separated by a sealing plate 5d that prohibits any fluid passage thermal between them. According to a third variant embodiment shown in Figure 4B, the heat exchanger 1, in which only the connecting elements are represented, has interface plates 3, 3e2 separated by a sealing plate 5e provided with through holes 50 which authorize the passage of the thermal fluid between them to define a common interface circuit. According to a fourth variant embodiment not shown, the heat exchanger can have superimposed interface plates without a sealing plate. In this case, the conduits of these interface plates can carry one or more through holes or crosspieces that allow the thermal fluid to pass from one to the other to define a common interface circuit. According to a fifth variant of embodiment not shown, the heat exchanger has interface plates whose channels do not have any through holes and in which the independent interface circuits. Figures 4c and 4d illustrate a sixth variant embodiment in which the sealing plate 5f leads to a switch 6 movable between an open position (see Figure 4C) and a closed position, the switch 6 authorizes the passage of thermal fluid in a part of the sealing plate 5f, ie from an interface plate 3fl to the other interface plate 3f2 and defines a part of the interface circuit. In the closed position (see Figure 4D), the switch 6 prohibits the passage of the thermal fluid through a part of the sealing plate 5f. In this example, the switch 6 is a circular hub or hub having circular grooves 60. In the open position, the circular grooves 60 are aligned with the through holes 50 of the sealing plate 5f and communicate therewith. In the closed position, the circular slots 60 are displaced and thus their communication is forbidden. According to other embodiments not shown, the switch 6 can be a slide or some type of mobile drawer whose displacement in translation and / or rotation can be controlled by servomechanisms coupled, for example, to the drag elements of permanent magnets. It is also possible to provide a switch 6, which can be moved in a higher number of positions. The switch 6, according to its position, its design and the configuration of the through holes, makes it possible to connect the interface circuits of the interface boards 3fl, 3f2, in series, in parallel or mixed in series and parallel. According to a fourth embodiment illustrated by Figures 5A and 5B, the heat exchanger lg leads to a group 200g of two rows of four interface elements 2gl, 2g2 supported by a 3g interface plate forming a rectilinear frame. This interface plate 3g carries two channelers 34 arranged so that a communication is established in parallel: all the inlet holes 21 of the thermal elements 2gl of a first assembly with a first arrival hole 31, all the outlet orifices 22 of the thermal elements 2gl of the first assembly with a first evacuation orifice 32 and, similarly, all the inlet and exit orifices 22 of the thermal elements 2g2 of the second element 2 respectively with the second arrival and evacuation orifices 31 respectively 32. This configuration makes it possible to define two interface circuits 4gl and 4g2 in this way and in each of them the interface elements 2gl and 2g2 are respectively connected in parallel. As in the previous examples, the arrival and withdrawal orifices 32 of the interface plate 3g are connected to external circuits. The operation of this heat exchanger lg can be decomposed in two stages: a first stage in which the thermal elements 2gl of the first assembly which are subject to the magnetic field are simultaneously heated and reheated the thermal fluid present in the first interface circuit 4gl and in that simultaneously the thermal elements 2g2 of the second set that are not subjected to the magnetic field are cooled and simultaneously cool the thermal fluid present in the second interface circuit 4g2, and a second stage in which the situation is inverse, ie the thermal elements 2gl of the first set which are not subject to the magnetic field are cooled and the thermal elements 2g2 of the second set which are subjected to the magnetic field, are heated. The passage from one stage to another is obtained by switching elements and with displacement of the magnetic field. In this parallel configuration, the thermal fluids simultaneously enter the interface plate 3g through the two arrival orifices 31. The thermal fluid of the first interface circuit 4gl is simultaneously heated to a temperature + t by the set of the thermal elements 2gl of the first set subjected to the magnetic field.

It is then guided outwards from the interface plate 3g by a first evacuation orifice 32 towards the external "hot" circuit, where the calories are evacuated, recovered and used for example by means of one or more calorie exchangers. At the same time, the thermal fluid of the second circuit 4g2 is simultaneously cooled to a temperature -t by the set of the thermal elements 2g2 of the second set, which are not subjected to the magnetic field. It is then guided outwards from the interface plate 3g by the second evacuation orifice 32 towards the external "cold" circuit where the frigories are evacuated, for example, by means of one or more heat exchangers. With reference to figures 6A and 6B and according to a fifth embodiment, the heat exchanger lh, basically similar to the interior, differs from it by its ducts 34 that are formed by a network of holes or through holes provided in the thickness of the 3h interface plate. These through or crossing orifices, practiced for example by molding, mechanization or any other adapted technique, have plugs (not shown) that allow to selectively close it to form the interface circuits 4hl, 4h2. Depending on the selected configuration, these through-holes may be provided at the same level within the 3h interface board or at different levels to allow intersections to be avoided. This solution has the advantage of not requiring a sealing plate. The operation of this heat exchanger lh is basically similar to the previous one and the thermal elements 2hl, 2h2 of each set are connected in parallel to define two interface circuits 4hl, 4h2. With reference to Figures 7A and 7B and in accordance with a sixth embodiment, the heat exchanger li, basically similar to that of the Figures 5a and 5b, differs from that by the fact that each of the thermal elements 2i is crossed by two conduits and therefore carries four holes of which there are two input 21 and two output 22. The pipes 34 of the interface board 3i simultaneously connect all the thermal elements 2i to a first interface circuit 4il and these same thermal elements 2i to a second interface circuit 4i2, these interface circuits 4il and 4i2 being independent. The operation of this heat exchanger li can be decomposed into two stages represented schematically and superimposed by the Figure 7b: a first stage in which all the thermal elements 2i are subjected to the magnetic field, the thermal fluid present in the first interface circuit 4il is heated and reheated at the same time, and - a second stage in which all the thermal elements 2i are no longer subject to the magnetic field, they are cooled and at the same time the thermal fluid present in the second interface circuit 4 and 2 is cooled. The passage from one stage to another is achieved for example with the alternative feeding of fixed electromagnets, placed in front of the thermal elements 2i. This heat exchanger li can obviously be combined with another heat exchanger li and similar or not, by adapting a link interface plate or with any other adapted element. Figures 8a illustrate a heat exchanger lj basically similar to the previous one. The thermal elements 2jl and 2j2 held by the interface plate 3j are crossed by two ducts connected in series. The operation of this heat exchanger lj can be decomposed into two stages, represented separately by Figures 8A and 8B, basically similar to the two stages of the heat exchanger that of Figures 1A-J. This configuration is specific since the ducts of the thermal elements 2jl, 2j2 and the ducts 34 define four interface circuits 4jl, 4j2, 4j3 and 4 4. Indeed, this heat exchanger lj makes it possible to dispense with the switching elements necessary to alternately connect the thermal elements lj to the external "hot" and "cold" circuits. It is evident that this heat exchanger lj can be combined with another heat exchanger lj similar or not by adapting a link interface plate or by any other adapted auxiliary. Referring 9 to 11, the heat exchangers Ik-o carry several groups 200k-o of thermal elements 2k-o and complementary connecting elements 300k-o that create the intercommunication. In these examples, the complementary connecting elements are coupled to the 3k-o interface plates and carry one or more complementary channels 340 that channels 34 (not shown in these figures) of each of the groups 200k-o. In example illustrated by Figures 9A and 9B, the heat exchanger Ik carries two groups 200k, 200k 'of thermal elements 2k, 2k' each provided with an interface plate 3k, 3k 'basically similar to that of figures 2A-C . The interface plates 3k, 3k 'have axially extending lateral extensions 300k, 300k', which carry a complementary channel 340 and which define the complementary connection elements. The complementary channel 340 of each lateral extension 300k, 300k 'carries two conduits 341, 342 and two junction holes 343 towards an external circuit or towards another interface plate. The groups 200k, 200k 'are superimposed so that the conduits 341, 342 are arranged in mutual extension. The conduits 341, 342 are therefore mounted to define a complementary joining circuit connecting the interface circuits of each group 200k, 200k 'in series, in parallel or in accordance with a mixed combination of series and parallel. The heat exchanger 11 represented by FIG. 10 is constructed in a manner substantially similar to the previous one. It has four groups 2001, 2001 ', 2001"of thermal elements 21, 21', 21" (of which no more than three copies have been represented), supported by two pairs of interface plates 31, 31 'that allow groups 2001, 2001 ', 2001", side by side in pairs and stacked, each pair of interface plates 31, 31' has a lateral extension 3001, 3001 ', provided with ducts 341, 342 and with holes junctions (not shown) performed to define a complementary junction circuit that connects the interface circuits of groups 2001, 2001 ', 2001"in series, in parallel or according to a mixed combination of series and parallel. It is obvious that there is also the possibility of mounting triple interface plates or another number to allow multiplying the groups of thermal elements. Im-heat exchangers represented by FIGS. 11A-C are constructed in a manner substantially similar to those of FIGS. 3A-E. The heat exchanger of figure HA carries three groups 200m, 200m ', 200m "of thermal elements 2m, 2rt?' , 2m "overlaid by interface plates 3m, 3m ', 3m." Two of the interface plates 3m, 3m', 3m "carry two lateral extensions 300m, 300m 'provided with ducts 341, 342 and junction holes 343 for define a complementary connection circuit that connects the interface circuits of the different groups in series, in parallel or according to a series / parallel combination. The heat exchanger In of FIG. 11B carries two groups 200n, 200n ', of thermal elements 2n, 2n' supported by a single interface plate 3n which makes it possible to align the groups 200n, 200n ', side by side. This interface board 3n has a complementary channel (not shown) which allows the interface circuits of the groups 200n, 200n 'to be connected in series, in parallel or according to a series / parallel combination. It also has connecting holes 343 that authorize its connection to an external circuit or to another interface plate. The heat exchanger of Figure 11C combines the two previous examples allowing overlap combined with side-by-side arrangement of three 200th groups, 200o ', 200o "of thermal elements 2o, 2o', 2o", and their connection through a complementary circuit through two interface plates 3o, 3o '. These latter embodiments make it possible to modulate at will the configuration and operation of the heat exchangers according to the invention in order to obtain a higher thermal power or a higher thermal intensity. In these examples, the magnetic fields are generated by permanent magnets, moving magnetic assemblies or fixed electromagnets fed alternately. It is obvious that they can be generated by any other equivalent means. Possibilities of industrial application This description makes clear that the heat exchanger according to the invention allows to meet the established objectives. In particular, it allows to reliably and simply connect a significant amount of thermal elements 2a-o replacing the pipes and traditional joints with a 3a-o interface plate, which integrates the pipes 34 in the form of grooves and / or holes and the connections in the form of connecting holes 30 and through-holes or here called crosspieces 40, 50. This interface authorizes at the same time the joining of thermal elements 2a-o of the same group 200a-o and / or several 200a-or different groups and / or several heat exchangers la-o in series, in parallel or mixed to obtain configurations currently difficult or even impossible to perform. It allows a considerable reduction in the number of mechanical parts, which increases the reliability of use, since the leakage is limited and the cost of manufacturing and maintaining the heat exchanger la-o is reduced. This type of heat exchanger can be used for any industrial or domestic application of cooling, heating, air conditioning or tempering. The present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but extends to any modification and variant evident to a person skilled in the art, remaining within the scope of the protection defined in the appended claims.

Claims (16)

1. CLAIMS 1. A heat exchanger (la-o) that carries at least one group (200a-o) of at least two thermal elements (2a-o) emitting calories and / or frigories and each carrying at least less an inlet (21) and at least one outlet hole (22) connected by at least one conduit (20) passing through said thermal element (2a-o) which is able to receive a thermal fluid arranged for recover the calories and / or the frigories, carrying the heat exchanger (la-o) connecting elements (3a-o) arranged to connect between them to the conduits (20) as well as at least one circuit outside the exchanger thermal (la-o) arranged to use the calories and / or frigorías recovered by the thermal fluid, characterized in that the joining elements carry at least one interface plate (3a-o) applied against the thermal elements (2a-o) ), comprising at least one pipe (34) provided with ori bonding devices (30) arranged opposite the inlet (21) and outlet (22) holes of the thermal elements (2a-o) and which is arranged to define at least one interface circuit (4a-o) that authorizes the circulation of the thermal fluid between the thermal elements (2a-o) and the interface plate (3a-o) according to a serial, parallel or mixed connection, carrying this interface plate (3a) -o) also and at least one arrival hole (31) and at least one evacuation orifice (32) made to join the interface circuit (4a-o) with the outer circuit.
2. 2. The heat exchanger (la-o) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal elements (2a-o) alternately emit calories and frigorías and because the interface plate (3a-o) carries at least two pipes (34) each provided with at least one arrival hole (31), an evacuation hole ( 32) and linking holes (30), and which are arranged to define two different interface circuits (4a-o), joined to two external circuits.
3. 3. The heat exchanger (la-o) according to claim 1, characterized in that it carries at least two groups (200k-o) of thermal elements (2k-o) each provided with at least one interface plate (3k- o) and complementary connection elements (3k-o) arranged to connect the interface boards (3k-o) between them and to the interface circuits of the corresponding groups (200k-o) according to a serial connection, in parallel or mixed.
4. 4. The heat exchanger (lc-f) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements carry at least two interface plates (3cl, 3c2- 3fl, 3f2) superimposed two by two, each carrying at least one less a pipe (34), an inlet (31), an evacuation hole (32) and linking holes (30) connected to a set of thermal elements (2c-2f).
5. The heat exchanger (le-f) according to claim 4, characterized in that the interface plates (3el, 3e2, 3fl, 3f2) have through holes (50) arranged opposite one another to define a common interface circuit.
6. 6. The heat exchanger (lh) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe (34) is formed at least in part by a network of through holes made in the thickness of the interface plate (3h) and selectively sealed by plugs depending on the interface circuit (4h) that must be established.
7. 7. The heat exchanger (la-g, lj-o) according to claim 1, characterized in that the channeling (34) is formed at least in part by one or more grooves made in at least one face of the interface plate (3a-g, 3j-o).
8. 8. The heat exchanger (la-g, lj-o) according to claim 7, characterized in that the grooves are made by mechanical operation, engraving or molding.
9. 9. The heat exchanger (la-g, Ij-o) according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting elements have at least one sealing plate (5a-g), 5j) superimposed on the interface plate (3a-g, 3j) on the side of the grooves in order to constitute the channel (34).
10. The heat exchanger (lc-f) according to claims 5 and 9, characterized in that the sealing plate (4c-f) is arranged between two interface plates (3cl, 3c2 - 3fl, 3f2) to form with each of they, the channeling (34).
11. 11. The heat exchanger (le, le, lf) according to claim 10, characterized in that the sealing plate (5c, 5e, 5f) has through holes (50) that open into the ducts (34) and are made to connect them according to a parallel or mixed series connection.
12. 12. The heat exchanger (If) according to claim 10, characterized in that the shutter plate (5f) carries a mobile switch (6) between at least two positions to modify the connection mode of the interface circuits.
13. 13. The heat exchanger (If) according to claim 12, characterized in that the switch (6) is selected from the group comprising a slide, a bucket, a mobile drawer and because the control is performed by servomechanisms.
14. The heat exchanger (la-o) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements have sealing elements arranged at least between the thermal elements (2a-o) and the interface plate (3a-o).
15. 15. The heat exchanger (la-o) according to claim 14, characterized in that the sealing elements are selected from the group comprising a coating or a "Teflon" sheet, or a liquid gasket.
16. 16. The heat exchanger (la-o) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements are manufactured at least in part from a thermally insulating material.