MXPA04012744A - Process for manufacturing out vegetable-type carbon from organic residues. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention refers to a process for manufacturing out a vegetable-type carbon resulting from slack residues, said residues being originated from vegetable carbon physically fragmented due to its manipulation, and Nejayote that is a residue obtained after the nixtamal is cooked and which is mainly formed by "tamo" (husk removed from maize grain), water and calcium hydroxide lime. The aforementioned type of carbon is useful as a vegetable carbon substitute for home and commercial use.

Description

PROCESS OF ELABORATION OF VEGETABLE CARBON COAL, FROM ORGANIC WASTE.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This new vegetable-type coal can be used as alternative fuel in different domestic uses, where a source of heat is required, for example: cooking food, heating water, roasting or cooking all kinds of food, etc.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of this invention is to provide a new type of coal totally different from those currently existing on the market, this is obtained from organic waste and its process is much simpler, which consists of mixing the cisco also known as carbon earth, which is generated by manipulation and physical crushing of the same, that is, the cisco is all the crumbling matter obtained from the charcoal and nejayote or mejallo is the residue that remains after sewing the nixtamal, that is constituted by chaff chaff that is released from corn, water, and calcium hydroxide mainly, to obtain a paste which is taken to a drying process where the final product is this new vegetable-type coal.

BACKGROUND Firewood was the first source of energy for the human being, and the most important during most of its history. It was very affordable because large forests grew in many parts of the world. In ancient times some other sources of energy were also used that were only found in specific areas: asphalt, coal and peat from surface deposits, and oil from leaks from underground deposits.

The process for obtaining charcoal depends on the type of firewood and where it is located. The most used method is to cut the wood, leave it until it dries and finally, burn it. Before picking up the firewood, you have to choose and prepare the soil used to make the coal. Subsequently, the soil must be compacted by tamping the earth to prevent the entry of air through the ground, because if there are currents it is very difficult to control the fire during the carbonization. The prepared soil form is circular.

The firewood rests on a manege which could be a trunk of 20 cm. of thickness and 1 m. height and cut with a length of 80 cm. approximately. Try to get straight firewood if possible to facilitate the subsequent assembly of the pit. Once the soil is cleaned and the firewood is placed in the surroundings of the basin to be built, the assembly phase begins. The wood is placed around the stick forming a cone and ensuring that it is evenly distributed so that the number of "recesses" which are subsidence of the bark during cooking is reduced.

The cover is the physical barrier that isolates the wood from the outside so that the oxygen in the air does not ignite it. This is basic for the correct carbonization, which is nothing more than the slow and incomplete combustion of the wood. A layer of fern is usually placed on the basin, although grass, moss, litter, grass, etc. are also used. At this time, the stick that had been placed in the center was removed and the hole (future chimney) was plugged with fern to prevent the entry of earth from the last layer. This land must be very thin so sometimes it must be sifted. The best land was the "cisco", which corresponds to the scorched earth with which coal had already been made. Clay soil is never used.

One of the most important factors to consider was the intensity of the fire. If the cooking is too fast, the charcoal burns, obtaining char. If the cooking is too slow, the coal will have poorly cooked areas, getting chalk (incomplete charring wood). For these reasons, the coal has to open ventilation holes in those parts with lower temperature and plug the areas with higher temperature, trying to achieve a homogeneous intensity of the fire in the different heights of the pit. Finally it is packed in sacks, for later sale.

Previously a disclosure note was published indicating part of the process of coal production from waste in a general manner, however, the ranges of the physicochemical parameters that the raw material must comply with when incorporated into the manufacturing process are not indicated. . This article was published on the Internet, in the portal of the Ministry of Public Education, in the section of bulletins, dated January 8 of the year of 2004.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For the elaboration of this new vegetable-type coal, two residues of different processes are used as raw material, one of which is Cisco, also known as coal earth, which is generated by physical manipulation and trituration thereof, that is to say , the cisco is all the matter of crumbling that is obtained from the charcoal and the nejayote or mejallo is the residue that remains after sewing the nixtamal, and is constituted by chaff, husk that is detached from the corn, water, and hydroxide. calcium, mainly.

The manufacturing process for this coal consists basically of 5 stages, see diagram 1: 1) Reception of raw material: In this stage, it is reviewed that the raw material complies with the corresponding physicochemical parameters such as: 2) Mixing: Once the raw material has been revised, it is mixed, following the following ratio: a) Sawdust can be incorporated in the mixing, then a practical but non-limiting example of how to mix it is given: b) Another optional modality for mixing is the incorporation of aromatic compounds or substances among which incense may be selected, among others.

New coal Kilograms of Liters of Sawdust Incense vegetable type cisco Nejayote obtained 3 kilograms 2.8 liters 1 Kilogram 5 kilograms 6 kilograms 5.6 liters 2 kilograms 10 Kilograms 0.5 5 Kilograms with 3 kilograms 2.8 liters 1 kilogram Kilograms flavored With the help of a mixer, see figure 1, which by means of rotating blades, generates a mixture with the proportions of raw material indicated above, with a pasty consistency and dark color. This mixture is taken to the molding area. 3) Molded: The mixture is transported with plastic containers to be placed in aluminum molds, which can vary in their dimensions and optionally can measure 1.50 meters long X 1.00 meters wide, these have holes in the bottom to help to remove excess water from the mixture, thereby facilitating the drying step. 4) Drying: The aluminum molds are introduced in the oven, which must be at a temperature of 150 to 200 degrees Celsius, with an optimum temperature of 150 degrees Celsius, using a range of 30 to 40 minutes, being the time optimum of 35 minutes, so that the drying of the mixture is uniform, once dry it is removed from the molds and taken to the packaging area. 5) Packaging. The product can be weighed according to the packaging required, that is, 1, 2 and 3 kilograms of product can be weighed, to be deposited in packages with capacity of 1, 2 and 3 kilograms respectively. The packaged product is stored in a dry place for later sale.

Once the process described above is finished, this new vegetable-type coal is obtained with the following advantages: a) It has a calorific value of 10 000 BTU Lb / mass British Thermal Units pounds-mass b) It is not dirty, that is, it does not stain on contact. c) It is made from non-toxic organic waste.

For all the above, it can be said that the advantages of this new vegetable-type coal have not been achieved by another fuel similar or equal to charcoal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 represents a mixer where A is where the raw material is fed to be mixed by C which is motor with a power of ¾ Horsepower and a pair of blades B, once it is has homogenized the mixture, this is removed using the conduit located in the body of the mixer E, as mentioned above the body of the mixer is built entirely by stainless steel.

Figure 2 is a front view of the mixer of Figure 1, in said figure the motor support, letter B, whose purpose is to prevent the motor from moving and thus affecting the blades, the bases supporting the body of the motor, is appreciated. mixer, letter A, were made using a 45 degree metallic angle, the letter C represents the outlet duct of the mixture.

Figure 3 represents a diagram where A is the reception of the raw material, followed by B, which is a screening process, where the excess water marked with the letter b is removed; passing through a mixer represented by C, where the mixture of cisco and nejayote is homogenized; the mixture obtained above is molded in the stage represented by D; the molds are introduced in an oven E for drying, here the oven can be fed wood or other fuel such as natural gas or electricity; the letter e represents the residue of the new coal that remains after it has been dried, this due to a collapse that it presents when being manipulated; F represents the area of packaging and labeling, here the packaging of the previously weighed product is carried out; the storage area is represented by G, the product is stored in a dry place for later sale to the market, letter H.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS Having described our invention in a sufficient and clear manner, we consider as a novelty and therefore claim as our exclusive property, what is contained in the following clauses:

1. The process of making vegetable-type charcoal from organic waste where a Cisco composition is mixed, a residue that originates from the handling of charcoal and Nejayote, a residue that is obtained from the nixtamal process.

2. Process for preparing vegetable-type charcoal, according to claim 1, wherein the cisco is selected from that which has a temperature of approximately 20 degrees centigrade, an approximate pH of between 7 and 8 and with black coloration; and the nejallote is selected from an approximate temperature between 18.5 and 19 degrees Celsius, an approximate pH between 8 and 12 and a fluorescent yellow color.

3. The process of making vegetable-type coal according to claim 1 is carried out a mixing process that has blades, with circular movements, homogenizes the raw material, thus generating a dark colored paste.

4. Mixing process according to claim 3 where sawdust can be optionally added.

5. Mixing process according to claims 3 and / or 4, wherein a compound or aromatic substance may optionally be added.

6. Mixing process according to claim 5 wherein the substance or aromatic compound incense can be selected.

7. The vegetable-type charcoal manufacturing process that according to claim 1 carries out a drying process subsequent to the mixing step of claim 3 and / or 4 and / or 5, in a furnace using aluminum molds, the of temperatures oscillates between 150 and 200 degrees Celsius, taking as optimal temperature the one of 150 degrees Celsius, and the time range is between 30 to 40 minutes, taking as optimal time the one of 35 minutes.

8. Obtaining a vegetable-type coal, by means of the process of claims 1 to 7, which provides a calorific value of 10 000 BTU Lb / mass.

9. Vegetable type charcoal according to claim 8, characterized by its black coloration and non-detachment thereof on contact.

10. Vegetable type coal according to claims 8 and 9 characterized by its non-toxicity.