MXPA01007734A - Solid-state composition comprising solid particles and binder - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid-state composition having a flexural strength of at least 0.5 N/mm2, which composition comprises from solid particles and a hydrocarbonaceous binder containing (i) from 15 to 95%by weight, based on total binder, of asphaltenes, which asphaltenes contain at least 60%aromatic carbon, and (ii) from 5 to 85%by weight, based on total binder, of further hydrocarbons, with the proviso that the solid particles are not solely carbon particles;process for preparing such composition, use of such composition in construction, construction element containing such composition and construction containing such construction elements.

Description

COMPOSITION OF SOLID STATE COMPRISING SOLID PARTICLES AND AGGLUTINANT Field of the Invention The present invention relates to solid state compositions comprising solid particles and a hydrocarbon binder. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing said composition, to the use of said composition in the construction, to a construction element containing said composition and to a construction containing said construction elements.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known to mix carbon particles, such as petroleum coke, carbon black or anthracite coal with the mixture of materials such as coal tar pitch and oil fish, by forming these mixtures by molding or extruding and cooking the mixtures in ovens at temperatures from 800-1400 ° C (Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd edition, volume 4, page 557). US-A-4,961,837 discloses a specific petroleum fish for bonding carbon black in order to manufacture electrodes for the aluminum industries REF: 132060 and steel, whose petroleum fish has been obtained by preheating a feed material, feeding the material of preheated feed to a soaking apparatus in order to promote condensation and polymerization, and to separate petroleum fish of adequate quality to be used as a binder in the manufacture of electrodes. The teaching of both documents is limited to the use of these binders with carbon particles. US-A-5,759,250 discloses the use of a very hard bitumen binder as a foundation layer for roads. Preferably, bitumen is a mixture of bitumen obtained from a hard base produced by direct distillation and having a penetrability from 15 to 25 and a heavy fraction obtained by distillation of crude oil or products obtained by a process such as thermal or catalytic cracking. It is specified that these bitumen binders can only be used in road foundation layers because they do not have sufficient adhesion properties and the asphalt prepared from them does not present a smooth, closed surface, without holes and hardness. In addition, it is described that these foundation layers must be covered by an upper layer to ensure good thermal protection.

With surprise we have discovered that binders can be hard as long as they have good adhesion properties. Japanese open patent application No. 61-89215 discloses a method for selectively separating the high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic polymer from the residual oil produced by thermal cracking of the naphtha. The polymer is described as suitable if it is used as an auxiliary material for molding sand in order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing quartz powder. The best model of the bonding action in the molding sand is the wedge and block bond at the interface of the particles. The binding action is not that of a glue or adhesive that causes the particles to adhere to one another (Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd edition, volume 6, pages 213). Therefore, the flexural strength of a molding sand approaches 0 N / mm2. The compositions according to the present invention differ from the molding sands in that the compositions according to the present have a flexural strength of at least 0.5 N / mm2.

Brief Description of the Invention The solid state compositions according to the present invention have a flexural strength of at least 0.5 N / mm2 and comprise from 70 to 99% by weight of solid particles and from 30 to 1% by weight. weight of a hydrocarbon binder, which binder contains (i) from 15 to 95% by weight, based on total binder, of asphaltenes, whose asphaltenes contain at least 60% aromatic carbon, and, (ü) from 5 to 85% by weight, based on total binder, of other hydrocarbons, with the condition that the solid particles are not only carbon particles. The amounts of solid particles and hydrocarbon binder are based on the amount of total composition. In general, hydrocarbon binders according to the present invention are considered waste products. They are normally used although they are not appropriate for any attractive application as an anode binder material or as part of fuel oil. Surprisingly it was observed that the compositions according to the present invention have good flexural strength. Furthermore, it was observed that the compositions according to the present invention retain their flexural strength relatively well even after exposure to water optionally containing salt and / or acid. It has also been found that the compositions according to the present invention could be made harder if kept at elevated temperatures, either by dedicated heat treatment or by keeping them at elevated temperature during manufacture and / or by heat storage. In addition, it was found that this increased the flexural strength of the compositions. The resistance to bending is measured according to NEN 7014, "Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut", 2nd. edition, 8/1974. The amount of asphaltenes in the hydrocarbon binder is determined in accordance with IP 143/96. The percentage of aromatic carbon atoms present in the asphaltenes is measured by separation of the asphaltenes in the binder, as described in IP 143/96, by dissolving the sample of asphaltenes in carbon disulfide or chloroform and evaluating the percentage of aromatic carbon by H and 13CNMR. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a composition according to the same, which process comprises mixtures of from 70 to 99% by weight of solid particles and from 30 to 1% by weight of molten hydrocarbon binder and allows the resulting mixture solidifies, which binder contains (i) from 15 to 95% by weight, based on the total binder, of asphaltenes, whose asphaltenes contain at least 60% aromatic carbon, and, (ii) from 5 to 85 % by weight, based on total binder, of other hydrocarbons, with the proviso that the solid particles are not only carbon particles. The present invention also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention in a construction, to a construction element containing said composition and to a composition containing said construction elements.

Detailed Description of the Invention The solid state composition according to the present invention comprises a hydrocarbon binder containing from 15 to 95% by weight, based on total binder, of asphaltenes as determined in accordance with IP 143/96. Asphaltenes comprise hydrogen, carbon and optionally other atoms. Specifically, asphaltenes can contain up to 15% by weight of atoms other than hydrogen and carbon, more specifically sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, preferably at most 12% by weight, more preferably at most 10% by weight, based on asphaltenes. The hydrocarbon binder comprises from 5 to 85% by weight of other hydrocarbons. The other hydrocarbons are compounds other than asphaltenes as determined in accordance with IP 143/96. The other hydrocarbons comprise hydrogen, carbon and, optionally, other atoms. In general, the other hydrocarbons may contain up to 15% by weight of atoms other than hydrogen and carbon, more specifically sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen, preferably a maximum of 12% by weight, more preferably a maximum of 10% by weight, based on other hydrocarbons. Preferably, the binder contains at least 20% by weight of asphaltenes, based on the total binder. More preferably, the hydrocarbon binder contains at least 25% by weight of asphaltenes. The amount of asphaltenes is up to 95% by weight, preferably up to 70% by weight, more preferably up to 60% by weight, more preferably up to 50% by weight, more preferably up to 45% by weight, even more preferably a maximum of 40% in weigh. The rest of the hydrocarbon binder is other hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon binder does not consist solely of carbon produced after complete carbonization, for example, by heat treatment of a coal tar or thermally cracked residual fraction. The coal tar pitch differs from the hydrocarbon binder present in that it contains a limited amount of asphaltenes. The amount of asphaltenes in the coal tar fish is less than 10% by weight. In addition, coal tar fish contains essential quantities of dangerous polyaromatic compounds containing 4 6 5 aromatic rings. The binder of the present invention will contain, in general, a very limited amount of polyaromatic compounds containing 4 or 5 aromatic rings. In general, the binder of the present invention will contain less than 2% by weight of dangerous polyaromatic compounds containing 4 or 5 aromatic rings, more specifically less than 1% by weight, more specifically less than 0.5% by weight. The amount of these polyaromatic compounds is based on the amount of binder and is measured by high resolution gas chromatography, as described in the article by J. Blomberg et al., Journal of Chromatography A, 849 (1999), pages 483- 494 The hydrocarbon binder is present in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight. Preferably, the hydrocarbon binder is present in an amount of at least 2% by weight, more preferably in an amount of at least 3% by weight, even more preferably at least 4% by weight. Preferably, the hydrocarbon binder is present in an amount of up to 15% by weight, more preferably up to 10% by weight, even more preferably up to 8% by weight. Desirably, the hydrocarbon binder is a binder that is solid at 20 ° C and below. In general, the hydrocarbon binder will have a visco-elastic behavior that is such that its penetration can be measured in accordance with ASTM D 5 at 25 ° C. Preferably, the hydrocarbon binder has a penetration of maximum 30 dmm at 25 ° C, more preferably a maximum of 20, more preferably a maximum of 15, more preferably a maximum of 10 dmm, still more preferably less than 10 dmm. In addition and preferably, the hydrocarbon binder has a penetration of at least 0, 1 dmm at 25 ° C, more preferably at least 1 dmm, more preferably at least 2 dmm, even more preferably at least 4 dmm. Penetration values below 2 dmm can be measured by measuring at 40 ° C and then extrapolating the results. Preferably, the hydrocarbon binder according to the present invention has a pour point, measured in accordance with the ring and ball test of ASTM D 36, of a maximum of 160 ° C, more preferably a maximum of 150 ° C, more preferably a maximum of 120 ° C, still more preferably a maximum of 100 ° C. The hydrocarbon binder can be prepared in any manner obvious to the person skilled in the art, provided that the binder obtained meets the requirements. The hydrocarbon binder can be prepared by subjecting the hydrocarbons to thermal cracking. Preferably, a residual hydrocarbon fraction is subjected to technical cracking. The thermally cracked product can be used as such or in combination with another hydrocarbon fraction, as long as the requirements are met. Preferably, the hydrocarbon binder consists at least partially of the product obtained by subjecting the hydrocarbons to thermal cracking. More preferably, the hydrocarbon binder consists of the product obtained by subjecting the hydrocarbons to thermal cracking. Although in this case part of the thermally cracked product can be used, the binder only contains product that has been thermally cracked. Preferably, the thermal cracking is carried out by preheating a fraction of hydrocarbons at a temperature from 350 to 500 ° C, keeping the oil preheated to said conditions to cause thermal cracking and subsequently separating one or more light fractions. The thermal cracking of residual fractions usually comprises a temperature of between 300 and 600 ° C. The pressure can be in the range from 1 to 100 x 105 N / m2 (bar). Preferably, thermal cracking is carried out in a soaking apparatus. The thermally cracked product can be used as a binder, or the binder can be only a part of the thermally cracked product. In the latter case, the binder is separated from the thermally cracked product in any suitable manner. Preferably, the binder is produced by separating the light fractions by instantaneous distillation, more preferably by instantaneous distillation in vacuo.

Another process by means of which the hydrocarbon binder can be obtained comprises subjecting a residual fraction for hydroconversion to a temperature in the range from 200 to 450 ° C and a pressure in the range from 50 to 200 x 105 N / m2 (bar), optionally preceded by hydrodemetalization. Preferably, the hydroconversion is hydrodesulfurization. In addition, the hydrocarbon binder can be obtained by mixing different hydrocarbon fractions. An attractive method comprises mixing a composition containing solid particles and hydrocarbons, for example contaminated solids or waste oil containing tar sands, with other hydrocarbons such that the final composition is a composition according to the present invention. The dirt contaminated with oil is left containing sand, stones and / or wood. In principle, any suitable solid particles can be used in the composition of the present invention. The solid particles must be different from the hydrocarbon binder. In addition, the solid particles are not only carbon particles. A non-exhaustive list of solid particles that can be used includes mineral particles, cement, concrete dust, recycled asphalt, recycled tires, clay, old sands, porous particles such as zeolite and perlite, shells, crushed shells, depleted catalysts, organic waste such as leaves and bones, ash, rubber, polymers and wood particles, such as chips, lamellae and / or fibers and metal particles such as alumina. The solid particles that give particularly good results are shells, mineral particles and / or wood particles. Preferably, the solid particles comprise at least 5% by weight of inorganic compounds, which are compounds that do not contain carbon, based on the amount of solid particles, preferably at least 10% by weight. More preferably, the solid particles are inorganic compounds. Preferably, the solid particles are a combination of particles having a maximum particle size of 63 microns (referred to as filler) and particles having a particle size in the range of 63 microns to 2 mm (called sand) and particles having a particle size in the range from 2 to 8 mm, preferably from 4 to 8 mm (so-called stones), optionally in combination with particles having large sizes. The particle sizes are measured by sieving with sieves having openings of the indicated size. Preferably, the amount of each of them, ie, fill, sand and stones, is in the range of 10 to 50% by weight (the combination to 100% by weight total), based on the total amount of solid particles. Solid particles having a particle size of more than 8 mm are present, preferably, if larger objects are made. Especially good results have been obtained with the compositions comprising solid particles containing silica and / or alumina. It has been found that solid particles containing silica give compositions with a high resistance to bending. Compositions containing solid particles containing alumina were found to have high compressive strength. Preferably, the compositions comprise from 1 to 100% by weight of silica and / or alumina, based on the amount of solid particles, more preferably from 1 to 100% by weight of silica, more preferably from 5 to 90% of silica, even more preferably from 10 to 70% silica.

It is especially preferred that the solid particles comprise quartz. Quartz consists of silica. Preferably, the compositions comprise from 20 to 95% by weight of quartz, based on the amount of solid particles, more specifically from 30 to 90% by weight. In order to elaborate an electrically conductive composition, the composition may also contain electrically conductive solid particles, preferably graphite particles such as lamellas or fibers. Preferably, the composition may comprise from 0 to 40% by weight of electrically conductive solid particles, based on the total composition, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight. By adjusting the amount of electrically conductive material in the composition, it is possible to make compositions ranging from electrically resistant compositions to electrically conductive compositions. In addition, the composition according to the present invention may comprise magnetic materials such as iron particles. In this way, a magnetic composition can be obtained. If the composition is to be used to insulate from heat, the composition may contain solid particles that increase its heat insulation properties. If the composition is to be used to conduct heat, the composition may contain solid particles that increase its heat conductivity properties. If the composition is to be used for sound insulation or noise damping, the composition may contain solid particles that increase its sound insulation and / or sound deadening properties. If the wood is present in the composition according to the present invention, the composition will preferably comprise between 1 and 97% by weight of wood particles, based on total composition. The wood particles may be present in the form of fibers, chips, flakes and / or treated or untreated powder. Said compositions are especially suitable for making tables. Preferably, the composition comprises at least 5% by weight of wood particles, preferably fibers, based on total composition, more preferably at least 10% by weight. Preferably, the composition comprises a maximum of 80% by weight of wood particles, preferably fibers, more preferably a maximum of 70% by weight, based on total composition.

The composition of the present invention is solid at room temperature. Preferably, the combination of solid particles and hydrocarbon binder becomes liquid at a temperature of 80 ° C or more, preferably at 110 ° C or more. The compositions of the present invention have a flexural strength of at least 0.5 N / mm2. A good resistance to bending is advantageous when the compositions are used in building elements. Preferably, the flexural strength is at least 3 N / mm2, more preferably at least 4 N / mm2, more preferably at least 5 N / mm2, even more preferably at least 6 N / mm2. The resistance to bending is measured according to NEN 7014, "Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut", 2nd. edition, 8/1974. For many applications, low flexural strengths of at least 0.5 N / mm2 are sufficient. It has been found that good compression strengths can be obtained using the composition of the present invention. This is advantageous when the composition is used in building elements. The compressive strengths that can be obtained are 5 N / mm2 or more, preferably 10 N / mm2 or more, more specifically 15 N / mm2 or more, measured in accordance with ISO / R 826 of the European Federation of Manufacturers of Refractory products according to 1990 revision, PRE / R 14/1. The presence of graphite has been found to increase the resistance to compression. However, for many applications such high compressive strengths are not necessary. The compositions according to the present invention preferably have a maximum void content of 3%, more preferably maximum of 2.5%, even more preferably maximum of 2.0%. The content of gaps is determined in accordance with Exhibit 67, 1995, of "Standaard Regelgeving Advising egenbouw". However, for many applications said low void content is not necessary. One of the applications in which the compositions according to the present invention can have a high void content are low density compositions. These specific compositions have a maximum density of 1000 kg / m2. It was observed that compositions according to the present invention could be made harder by maintaining them at elevated temperature, either by dedicated heat treatment or by maintaining them at elevated temperatures during manufacturing and / or hot storage. One test for this specific type of hardening is RTFOT (ASTM D 2872). In some tests, the penetration of a composition according to the present invention was as low as 50% or less of the original penetration value. In addition, it was observed that the resistance to flexion increased by heat treatment. The heat treatment may involve heating the compositions to a temperature of at least 70 ° C, preferably at least 100 ° C, more preferably at least 130 ° C, more preferably at least 150 ° C, even more preferably at least 200 ° C. ° C for at least 0.25 hour, more preferably at least 0.5 hour, even more preferably at least 1 hour. Preferably, the temperature is a maximum of 300 ° C and the time is preferably a maximum of 3 hours. Although higher temperatures and longer times can be used, this is not attractive for economic reasons. In order to further improve the properties of the hydrocarbon binder, the composition of the present invention may contain conventional additives to increase hardness, resistance to bending and / or adhesion. Preferably, the composition according to the present invention comprises up to 3% by weight of iron and / or one or more iron-containing compounds, based on the amount of hydrocarbon binder, more preferably from 0.001 to 1% by weight. More preferably, the iron salt is iron oxide. The iron and / or the iron compound can act simultaneously as a pigment. further, the compounds that form the radical can be incorporated into a composition according to the present invention in order to accelerate the hardening. The compounds that can be incorporated are polymers such as polyethylene and catalyst refined (depleted). The composition of the present invention may comprise other compounds to change the properties of the final product and / or facilitate the manufacture of the composition and / or the final product. A non-exhaustive list of other compounds that may be present comprises heavy paraffins, sulfur, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, elastomers and available epoxy group-containing polymers, such as those described in WO 96/28513. The appearance of the compositions of the present invention can be changed as desired according to their application. In order to change the color of the compositions, any of the conventional pigments can be used. In order to obtain a smoother surface, the surface of the compositions can be treated with a flame or the sizes of the solid particles can be adjusted, in a manner that is already known to the person skilled in the art. In order to improve the appearance of the compositions, more specifically of the building elements, the surface can be treated with wax or wax-like materials such as beeswax, petroleum wax, synthetic wax or silicones containing bitumen. The composition of the present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner. Optionally, the hydrocarbon binder can be made into a suspension or emulsion which is subsequently mixed with the solid particles. Preferably, the solid particles will be mixed with molten hydrocarbon binder, that is, a hydrocarbon binder containing the required asphaltenes is melted and mixed with cold or warm solid particles, or hot solid particles are mixed with hot or cold hydrocarbon binder. Additionally, a molten hydrocarbon binder can be mixed with solid particles and the required asphaltenes can be formed in situ during the thermal treatment of the mixture.

An advantageous method of preparing the composition or elements of construction according to the present invention comprises using the hydrocarbon binder, optionally together with the solid particles, in the form of binder-containing particles, more specifically in the form of granulate or powder containing binder. None, part or all of the solid particles may be present in the binder-containing particles. The binder-containing particles are easy to use in transport or during manufacturing. The use of binder-containing particles is especially advantageous if the binder is relatively hard, that is, it has a relatively low penetration, in which case the particles will not adhere. Said binder-containing particles may contain other additives such as pigments. The composition of the present invention is especially suitable for use in construction, including buildings. Therefore, the present invention also relates to construction elements comprising the composition according to the present invention. The composition according to the present invention is especially suitable for replacing concrete. A construction element is an independent component of fixed dimensions, which is used in construction. The construction elements include building elements. The preferred construction elements are pipes, tiles, roof tiles, paving stones (pavers), flagstone, bricks, foundations, boards, channels and / or ducts. The surfaces of roads, floors and roofs are not building elements. Preferably, the construction element will have dimensions of 5 meters by 5 meters by 40 meters maximum, more specifically 1 meter by 1 meter by 2 meters maximum. Preferably, the element will have dimensions of 1 meter by 1 meter by 0.5 meter maximum. More preferably, the element will have dimensions of 20 centimeters by 20 centimeters by 10 centimeters at most. Preferably, the construction element is a block. The compositions according to the present invention are especially suitable for use in paving stones, in view of the good flexural strength of the compositions, especially the good resistance to bending maintained after being exposed to water, optionally containing salt and / or (strong) acid, more especially said exposure at elevated temperature.

The building elements containing the composition of the present invention will have the additional advantage that they can be recycled. The present invention also relates to constructions, including buildings, which comprise the building elements according to the present invention. Due to their stability, the compositions and construction elements of the present invention are especially suitable for outdoor use. In order to increase the load transport properties, the compositions may contain reinforcements such as steel bars, steel cloth, polymers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, carbon flakes and / or carbon cloth.

EXAMPLES The resistance to bending in all the examples was measured according to the NEN 7014 test of "Nederlands Nor alisatie Instituut", 2nd. edition, 8/1974. The compressive strength was measured in accordance with ISO / R 836 of the European Federation of Refractory Products Manufacturers, revision 1190, PRE / R 14-1. The content of gaps was determined in accordance with test 67 of "Standard Regelgeving Advising Wegenbouw", 1995. The "Marshall method" applied has been described in Exhibit 47 of "Standard Regelgeving Advising Wegenbouw", 1995, pages 111-119, with the difference that the particle size distribution of each batch of solid particles was measured and the different batches were combined to obtain the desired particle size distribution, instead of separating the aggregated ore into separate fractions. The asphaltenes were separated as described in IP 143/96. The amount of aromatic carbon in the asphaltenes was determined by the measurements of H and Penetration was measured according to ASTM D to 25 ° C.

Example 1 A hydrocarbon binder was obtained by thermal cracking of an original waste fraction from the Middle East having a boiling point of 520 ° C or more, and subsequently separating the light fractions by subjecting the product to vacuum swelling. The obtained binder could have a boiling point of 520 ° C or more under atmospheric conditions. The hydrocarbon binder contained 24.9% by weight of asphaltenes. The asphaltenes had 64.6% by weight of carbon atoms in aromatic rings. The hydrocarbon binder contained 75.1% by weight of other hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon binder had a penetration of 7 dmm. The hydrocarbon binder (7.68% by weight) was melted and heated to a temperature of 180 ° C and mixed with 20.27% by weight filler (particle size less than 63 microns), 39.86% by weight sand (particle size between 63 micrometers and 2 mm), and, 39.87% by weight of stones (particle size between 4 and 8 mm, Dutch river gravel), all quantities based on total weight of solid particles. The mineral particles were preheated to a temperature of 180 ° C. The mixture was carried out with an ex-Hobart mixing apparatus for 3 minutes at 180 ° C. 1.1 kg of this mixture, with a temperature of 180 ° C, was placed in a preheated mold (180 ° C) 8 cm high and 10.5 cm in diameter and cylindrical blocks were prepared according to the Marshall method . 8 mm thick discs obtained from these cylindrical blocks were used for testing. The flexural strength of a disc was 7.4 N / mm2. The empty content was 2.3%. Other discs were aged by storing them in ÍM HCl or ÍM NaCl solutions for 1-9 weeks. After 3 weeks in the HCl IM solution at room temperature, the flexural strength was 4.7 N / mm2. After 9 weeks in HCl IM solution at room temperature, the flexural strength was 4.3 N / mm2. After 1 week in NaCl solution at 60 ° C, the resistance to bending was 4.7 N / mm2.

Example 2 The hydrocarbon binder was mixed with the preheated mineral particles as described in Example 1, except that the mixture was at a temperature of 210 ° C. The blocks were prepared in the manner described by the Marshall method.

The flexural strength was approximately 4 N / mm. "The compressive strength of the blocks was 19 N / mm2.

Example 3A 4 kg of the mixture of hydrocarbon binder and mineral particles prepared as described in example 1 and with a temperature of 180 ° C were placed in a conventional cement concrete slab mold (slab) (200 x 200 x 80 mm ), whose mold was at room temperature. The slabs were prepared with a conventional slab production machine, in a compaction time of 12 seconds. The resistance to bending of the slabs was 8.1 N / mm2 and the void content was 2.4%.

Example 3B 4 kg of the mixture of hydrocarbon binder and mineral particles prepared as described in example 1, except that the mixture was at a temperature of 200 ° C, were placed in a conventional cement concrete paving stone mold (paver ) (200 x 100 x 80 mm), whose mold was at room temperature. The paving stones were prepared with a conventional pavement stone production machine, in a compaction time of 12 seconds. The resistance to bending of the slabs was 6.1 N / mm2.

Example 3C A paving stone, prepared as described in Example 3B, was again heated to 200 ° C and mixed and placed in a paving stone mold to prepare a paving stone again, according to the method described in example 3B. The flexural strength was found to be 6.3 N / mm2. This procedure was repeated again, resulting in a paving stone recycled twice with a flexural strength of 6.7 N / mm2.

Example 4 (comparative) A bitumen binder was obtained by subjecting a crude oil of Middle Eastern origin to distillation at atmospheric pressure, then subjecting the obtained residue to distillation under reduced pressure. The residue obtained after distillation under reduced pressure would have a boiling point of 520 ° C or more under atmospheric conditions, and had a penetration of 80-100 dmm and an asphaltene content of 11%. The asphaltenes contained 53% aromatic carbon. This binder was melted and used to prepare a mixture at a temperature of 150-160 ° C. The mixture contained 7.1% by weight of filler, 36.8% by weight of sand, 56.1% by weight of stones and 5.8% by weight of binder, all these amounts based on total weight of solid particles. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of cylindrical blocks by the Marshall method. The flexural strength of an 8 mm thick disc obtained from the block was 1.3 N / mm2. The compressive strength of a block was 3.7 N / mm2.

Example 5 (comparative) A bitumen binder was obtained by subjecting a crude oil of American origin to distillation under atmospheric pressure, then subjecting the obtained residue to distillation under reduced pressure. The residue obtained after distillation under reduced pressure would have a boiling point of 520 ° C or more under atmospheric conditions, and had a penetration of 23 dmm and an asphaltene content of 11%. Asphaltenes contained 35% aromatic carbons. This binder was melted and used for the preparation of a mixture as described in example 1, except that the temperature of the mixture was 170 ° C. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the standard preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. The flexural strength of an 8 mm thick disc obtained from this block was 3.2 N / mm2. the content of holes was 2.8%.

Example 6 (Comparative) A crude of Middle Eastern origin was subjected to distillation under atmospheric pressure, subsequently subjecting the obtained residue to distillation under reduced pressure. The residue obtained after distillation under reduced pressure would have a boiling point of 520 ° C or more, under atmospheric pressure. This residue was subjected to extraction with propane. The binder obtained had a penetration of 7 dmm and an asphaltene content of 13.2% by weight. The binder was melted and used to prepare a mixture containing 7.1% by weight of filler, 36.8% by weight of sand, 56.1% by weight of stones and 5.8% by weight of binder, all based in total amount of solid particles. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. One block was used to measure the compressive strength, giving a value of 11.6 'N / mm2. Disks of 8 mm thickness cut out from these cylindrical blocks were used for the test. The flexural strength of a disk was 7.5 N / mm2. The content of holes was 5.6%. Other discs were aged by storing them in solutions of ÍM HCl or ÍM NaCl for 1-9 weeks. After 3 weeks in the HCl IM solution at room temperature, the flexural strength was 2.9 N / mm2. After 1 week the NaCl solution to 60 ° C, its resistance to bending was 3 N / mm2.

Example 7 (Comparative) 7. 68% by weight of a binder as described in Example 6, was mixed with 20.4% by weight of filler, 40.11% by weight of sand and 39.5% by weight of pure silica stones (4). -8 mm), all based on total amount of solid particles. 1, 1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. An 8 mm thick disc was obtained from the block and found to have a flexural strength of 7 N / mm2. Another disc of 8 mm thickness was stored for 24 hours in sea water at a temperature of 60 ° C after which the flexural strength was 3.7 N / mm.

Example 8 The hydrocarbon binder as described in Example 1 was used for the preparation of the mixture as described in Example 7. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. . An 8 mm thick disk was obtained from the block. The disc exhibited a resistance to bending of 7 N / mm a void content of The compression strength of a block was 12, 8 N / mm2. Another 8 mm thick disk was stored for 24 hours in sea water at a temperature of 60 ° C after which the flexural strength was 6.4 N / mm2.

Example 9 (Comparative) A bitumen binder was obtained by subjecting a crude of American origin to distillation at atmospheric pressure, then subjecting the residue obtained from the distillation under reduced pressure. The residue obtained after distillation under reduced pressure would have a boiling point of 520 ° C or more under atmospheric conditions, and had a penetration of 6 dmm and a content of asphaltenes of 22%. Asphaltenes contained 53.6% aromatic carbons. The binder was melted and used to prepare a mixture with a filler, sand and stones as described in Example 1. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used to prepare blocks according to the Marshall method. An 8 mm thick disc was obtained from the block and found to have a flexural strength of 5.6 N / mm2 and a void content of 2.6%.

Example 10 (comparative) A bitumen binder was obtained by subjecting a Middle Eastern crude to distillation under atmospheric pressure, subjecting the obtained residue to distillation under reduced pressure. The residue obtained after distillation under reduced pressure would have a boiling point of 520 ° C or more, under atmospheric conditions, and had a penetration of 5 dmm, contained 10.3% by weight of asphaltenes. Asphaltenes contained 57.9% aromatic carbon. 1.1 kg of the mixture was melted and used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method, as described in example 1. An 8 mm thick disc cut out of the block had a flexural strength of 2, 4 N / mm2 and 3.3% gaps.

EXAMPLE 11 The hydrocarbon binder as described in Example 1 was used for the preparation of a mixture containing 7.5% by weight of binder, 7% by weight of red powder (iron oxide), 15.15% by weight of filler , 38.92% by weight of sand, and 38.93% by weight of stones, all based on the total weight of the solid particles described in the example. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. An 8 mm thick disc was obtained from the block for flexural strength test giving a value of 7.3 N / mm2. The disc presented a void content of 1.8%.

Example 12 The hydrocarbon binder as described in example 1 was used to prepare a mixture as described in example 1, where the filling was replaced by a red powder (20.27% by weight). 1, 1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the method Marshall. The resistance to bending was approximately 4 N / mm2. The compressive strength was 20 N / mm2.

Example 13 The hydrocarbon binder as described in Example 1 was used to prepare a mixture of 7.97% by weight of hydrocarbon binder, 37.6% by weight of recycled asphalt, 21% by weight of filler and 41.4% by weight. % by weight of sand, all based on total weight of solid particles. The mixture was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. An 8 mm thick disc was obtained from the block and had a flexural strength of 7.2 N / mm2 and 1.2% of voids.

Example 14 The hydrocarbon binder as described in Example 1 was used to prepare a mixture of the following composition: 7.95% by weight of hydrocarbon binder, 17.4% of graphite flakes, 41.3% by weight of sand and 41.3% by weight of stones, all based on the total weight of solid particles. The mixture was prepared according to the procedure described in example 1, 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method.

An 8 mm thick disc was obtained from the block and had a flexural strength of 3.5 N / mm2. The electrical resistivity was 20 O.

Example 15 The hydrocarbon binder as described in Example 1 was used to prepare a mixture of the following composition: 7.8% by weight of hydrocarbon binder, 8.5% by weight of graphite lamellae, 10.29% by weight fill weight, 40.61% by weight of sand and 40.58% by weight of stones, all based on total weight of solid particles. It was mixed according to the procedure described in example 1, 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. An 8 mm thick disc was obtained from the block and had a flexural strength of 6.2 N / mm2 and 3% of voids. The electrical resistivity was 200 O.

EXAMPLE 16 The hydrocarbon binder as described in Example 1 was used for the preparation of a very open composition, composed of 6.43% by weight of binder, 5.8% by weight of filler, 10.13% by weight sand, and 84.07% in weight stones, all based on total weight of solid particles. Mixed according to the method described in example 1, 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. The resistance to bending was estimated as 2 N / mm2. The compressive strength was 7.6 N / mm2.

Example 17 (comparative) A hydrocarbon binder was obtained by thermal cracking of a residual fraction originating in the Middle East with a boiling point of 520 ° C or more, then the light fractions were removed by subjecting the product to inflammation under vacuum. The binder obtained had a boiling point of 520 ° C or more under atmospheric conditions. The hydrocarbon binder had a penetration of 47 dmm and contained 12.6% by weight of asphaltenes. The binder was used in the preparation of a mixture as described in example 1. 1.1 kg of this mixture was used for the preparation of blocks according to the Marshall method. An 8 mm thick disk was obtained from the block. The resistance to bending was 3.6 N / mm2. The compressive strength of a block was 5.9 N / mm2. The Examples according to the invention demonstrate that the compositions according to the present invention have good flexural strength. The comparison of Example 1 with Example 6 (comparative) and the comparison of Example 7 (comparative) with Example 8, demonstrate that the compositions according to the present invention maintain their flexural strength better after exposure to water containing HCl, than the compositions that were not made according to the invention. Examples 3B and 3C demonstrate that the flexural strength of the compositions according to the present invention is increased by the heat treatment.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects or products to which it refers.

Claims (11)

2. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following claims is claimed as property: 1. A solid state composition having a flexural strength of at least 0.5 N / mm2, said composition characterized in that it comprises from 70 up to 99% by weight of solid particles and from 30 to 1% by weight of hydrocarbon binder, the binder of which contains: (i) from 15 to 95% by weight, based on total binder, of asphaltenes, the asphaltenes of which contain at least 60% of aromatic carbon, and, (ii) from 5 to 85% by weight, based on total binder, of other hydrocarbons, provided that the solid particles are not exclusively carbon particles. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition has a flexural strength of at least 3 N / mm2.
3. 3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the composition the hydrocarbon binder has a maximum penetration of 10 dmm.
4. 4. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hydrocarbon binder consists of the product obtained by subjecting the hydrocarbons to thermal cracking. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hydrocarbon binder consists of the product obtained by the preheating of a hydrocarbon oil at a temperature of 350 to 500 ° C, keeping the oil preheated under such conditions for cause thermal cracking and then separate one or more light fractions. The composition according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the composition comprises from 1 to 100% by weight of silica, based on the total amount of solid particles. 7. A process for the preparation of a solid state composition according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the process comprises mixing from 70 to 99% by weight of solid particles and from 30 to 1% by weight of binder. molten hydrocarbon, which binder contains (i) from 15 to 95% by weight, based on total binder, of asphaltenes, whose asphaltenes contain at least 60% aromatic carbon, and, (ii) from 5 to 85% by weight, based on in total binder, of other hydrocarbons, and allows the resulting mixture to solidify, provided that the solid particles are not solely carbon particles. 8. The use of a composition according to any of claims 1 to 6 in the construction. 9. A construction element comprising a composition according to any of claims 1 to 6. 10. A construction element according to claim 9, characterized in that the element has dimensions of 1 meter maximum by 1 meter maximum by 2 meters maximum. 11. A construction containing the building elements according to claims 9 or 10.