MXPA00002198A - An improved formwork for building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork for building bearing walls comprises a plurality of pairs of facing panels (PE, PI) connected together so as to form an inside space between them, said pairs of facing panels being arranged in superimposed rows, the panels of each pair being connected to each other by braces (6) of adjustable length with both the braces (6) and the panels (PE, PI) being left in the wall formed when a cementitious material poured in said inside space has solidified. The so formed walls are provided with bearing partition members and ventilating duct, and are strongly insulated and already finished.

Description

IMPROVED FORMWORK FOR BUILDING WALLS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a building construction, and more particularly to the construction of building walls, both indoor and outdoor. The invention relates to shuttering for building walls, as well as multi-layered panels for carrying out such shuttering, and with a method for building walls. The invention is preferably applicable, but not limited to support (load) walls by the use of disposable formwork elements formed as multiple layer panels that are assembled dry.

ANTECEDENTS OF THE TECHNIQUE Known methods for building walls in civil engineering construction work require a lot of work, particularly in the finishing stage. On the one hand, prefabricated constructions have a rigid design and require an assembly apparatus that is not always available in the medium and in small construction situations. US-A5 323 578 discloses a prefabricated formwork for building load-bearing walls and comprising outer and inner sheathing panels connected by collapsible connecting members of adjustable length, in order to reduce the space for storing and transporting the shuttering as It is assembled in the factory. Such known formwork does not include the outer and inner faces that are mounted on the construction site.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide improved shuttering elements and a method for constructing building walls by using such shuttering elements which involves labor saving and reduces as much as possible the carpentry costs and the wall finishing costs. , and at the same time allows flexibility of design and construction derived from the use of bricks. These objectives are met by a formwork and a method for constructing a wall, as claimed in claims 1 and 8, respectively. Additional advantageous features of the invention are mentioned in the dependent claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect, the invention consists of a formwork to build walls by using basic elements of multiple layers that are manufactured in the factory and that are finally incorporated in the pouring of concrete, such elements form the inner and outer facing and they are firmly fixed to the structure of the construction with the associated safety advantages regarding seismic events. Such formwork is formed by a plurality of pairs of facing panels connected together so as to form an internal space between them, with pairs of facing panels arranged in superimposed rows, and each of the panels is connected to the others by long jambs adjustable. Both the jabalcones and the panels are placed in the wall formed after the cementitious material poured into the interior space has hardened. According to a second aspect, a plurality of separate and interposed members or reinforcers connect the two layers so as to define channels therebetween. According to a third aspect, the invention consists of a method for building walls by using such shuttering elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described below with reference to some preferred but not limiting modalities thereof, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure i is an exterior view of a basic panel illustrating the structure thereof, with a pair of jabalcones placed on the panel; Figure 2 shows two jambs for securing together a pair of facing panels, according to the invention; Figure 3 is a side view of the panel-jamb arrangement of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a top view illustrating a pair of basic facing panels connected by jambs for constructing modular formwork elements; Figure 5 is a side view of the arrangement shown in Figure 4; and Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the construction of two corner walls.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES Referring now to the figures, and in particular to Figures 1 to 3, the formwork according to the invention is formed by multi-layer basic panels 10. A pair of panels 10 is placed in the front part of the other at a predetermined distance and fixed by a javelon means which forms modular formwork elements. The panels 10 are of two types, ie, outer PE panels or interior PI panels. More precisely, a PE panel is used when constructing an external wall of a construction, and the other panel of the pair is a Pl panel. When an interior wall is constructed, for example a division, each of the pair of panels are panels Pl, not necessarily with the same structure. The multilayer panel (PE or Pl) preferably has a rectangular shape and comprises a facing finish or layer II or II adapted to form the inner or outer facing of the finished wall, respectively, a layer of a rigid insulating material 4 and a plurality of interposed spacing members 2 or interlocked reinforcements with others of the layers ÍE or II and 4. The reinforcements 2 are parallel to each other and parallel to either one of the rectangular sides so as to define the channels 3 When a plurality of PE or Pl panels are assembled in a plane to form a wall, the aligned channels 3 form the passages that can be used for ventilation purposes or to receive electric cables and / or water pipes and the like.

The facing layer IE that forms the external facing of the wall can be a stone slab, a tile, a layer formed by a mixture of cement and stone granules, marbles, ceramic materials, etc., as well as synthetic plastic materials. The facing face II that forms the inner facing of the wall can be made of mortar, plaster, cardboard with mortar (plasterboard, tiles with mortar, etc.). The insulating layer 4 is formed by rigid plates or sheets of either synthetic materials such as polyurethane, polystyrene or natural materials such as cork, glass wool, glass wool or a composite material; such cellular cement and mixtures of cements and granules of expanded polystyrene or clay, or vermiculite, etc. The basic panels 10 are made in factories according to conventional techniques, for example by mixtures of cement, tiles or ceramic materials, they are formed into suitable molds, presses or vibrating devices, etc. The basic panel is provided together with its entire periphery with bundles 5 in both facing layers and the insulating layer. These bundles are male bundles on the two adjacent sides and females on the other two. Preferably, the bales are formed by properly placing the reinforcements 2. The holes 7 are formed in the thickness of the panel along the sides to be placed horizontally, preferably the longer sides, to receive the ends of the brackets or brackets 6. adapted to join in facing relationships with two basic panels in order to form a modular formwork element, as shown in figures 4 and 5. The struts 6 preferably have a shape reminiscent of H (flat), so as to be they can be held together by pairs of overlapping basic panels 10. When another panel is not to be assembled in a pair, a C-shaped jamb will be used. According to a non-limiting embodiment shown in the figures, a jamb 6 comprises two rows slidably received in a sleeve which is provided with a plurality of holes, the ends of the rods project from the sleeve and are provided with a means for coupling the holes 7 in the thickness of the facing layers 11, 11. According to another embodiment (not shown in the drawings), the jamb 6 comprises a tubular member that is provided with an internal threading and two threaded rods, the positioning of which is continuously adjustable with respect to such a tubular member. The jabalcones 6 carry out two tasks: 1. placing and connecting together two basic facing panels that will form a modular formwork element of the formwork in which the cementitious material, such as concrete, will be poured; 2. anchor the two panels to the support structure as it will be embedded in the solidified cements material. Additional special members can be added to form the corners, the door and window entrances, etc., all of which will include the layer of insulating material in a way that avoids the formation of heat bridges (trajectories). By forming the rows of pairs of panels facing each other and connected by an appropriate number of jambs (ie, modular formwork elements) and by superimposing the rows together, as shown in Figure 6, full formworks are obtained. Preferably, when pouring concrete or a sule cementitious material into the space between the insulating tiles of each pair of panels, a wall "is obtained which is provided in advance with the inner or outer faces, or both, as required, and isolated thermally, and which is provided with ventilation ducts. As shown in Figures 4 to 6, reinforcing steel rods A can be fixed to booms 6, particularly when concrete is used. The jambs 6 are embedded within the poured material and replace the transverse rods with the longitudinal and vertical rods A which are attached or otherwise fixed to them. The thickness 8 of the wall is easily selected when adjusting the length of the jambs 6.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible to construct concrete walls, in case of reinforced concrete of a given thickness that are insulated and that are provided in advance with the inner and / or outer facing, as well as ventilation ducts.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The invention is applicable in the construction of building walls, both indoor and outdoor.

Claims (9)

1. A formwork for building walls comprising a plurality of pairs of facing panels connected so as to form an interior space therebetween, the pairs of facing panels are placed in superposed rows, the panels of each pair are connected to each other by jambs of adjustable length where both the struts and the panels are placed on the wall formed when the cementitious material that is poured into the interior space has solidified, characterized in that each of the side panels comprises at least two layers of material, one of the which is adapted to form the facing of the finished wall, and the other is formed by a crockery of a rigid insulating material.

2. The formwork, as described in claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of separation members or reinforcements are positioned between the layers so as to define channels between the layers.

3. The formwork, as described in claims 1 to 2, wherein each of the jambs comprises two rods slidably received in a sleeve that is provided with a plurality of holes, the ends of the rods projecting from the sleeve that is provides with a means for coupling the facing layers.

4. The formwork, as described in claim 3, wherein the facing layers are in the outer facing or in the inner facing.

5. The formwork, as described in the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcing rods are placed in the interior space and are fixed to the booms.

6. The formwork, as described in the preceding claims, wherein each of the panels has a rectangular shape.

7. A wall constructed using and incorporating a formwork as described in claims 1 to 6.

8. A method for constructing a wall that is provided with ventilation ducts comprising the steps of: providing a formwork as described in claims 2 to 6; pouring a cementitious material into the interior space between the insulation slabs of each of the pairs of facing panels and that incrust the javelon means so that the channels defined between the layers form ventilation ducts inside the wall formed when the material cementitious solidifies.

9. The wall, as described in claim 8, wherein the wall is a load wall.