MX2007015055A - A new infrared laser based alarm - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject invention relates to a new alarm which is based on using a quarternary tuneable Mid-IR laser to measure both particles and gas at the same time. The measurement is done within an area of which the gas of interest will absorb the Mid-IR radiation. By widely tuning the emission wavelength of the laser, several wavelengths can be measured in order to accurately find both gas composition and particle density with one laser based sensor. We tested a new device which use radiation between 2.27µm and 2.316µm. Metane gas reduces intensity of the radiation at certain wavelengths in this device, while particles/fog reduce intensity for all wavelengths. In this case, fog should not trigger an alarm, while methane leaks should. This can also be applied for CO and smoke in which one sensor will measure both parameters to sound an alarm instead of just one parameter.

Description

A NEW INFRARED LASER ALARM FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the use of a splice laser? , Fabry Perot, adjustable infrared or similar, to detect C02, CO, NH3. N0X, S02, CH4 / hydrocarbon gas / fluids or the like and / or smoke / particles, when using laser radiation around the wavelength area 1.0-10.0 μm to detect C02, CO, NH3 / NOx, S02, CH4, hydrocarbon gas / fluids or the like and / or smoke / particles, to the use of laser AlGaAs / InGaAs-, AlGaAsP / InGaAsP-, AlGaAsP / InGaAsN-, AlGaAsSb / lnGaAsS- or AlInGaAsSb / lnGaAsSb or similar to detect C02, CO, NH3. N0X, S02 / CH4, gas / hydrocarbon fluids or the like and / or smoke / particles and the use of laser and detector pin or similar with response around the wavelength area 1.0-10.0 μm to measure and detect C02, CO , NH3. NOx, S02, CH4, gas fluids / hydrocarbon or similar and / or smoke / particles. The invention also relates to using said gas and / or fluid and / or smoke / particle detection devices in one or two units for detection of gas leakage, gas anomaly, fluid anomaly or fire or fire, to use these units in a fire / fluid / gas alarm or an alarm system gas / fluid / fire or fire and where the collected data is used to determine an alarm. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recent advances in medium IR lasers have shown that it is possible to produce lasers in the area of > 2.0 μm. These lasers have been used to detect different gases and have been shown to be customizable with the current. The current use of these lasers in commercial systems has been limited due to the high cost to produce them and the lack of volume markets where lasers can be used. Research has shown that one of these markets in volume is the detection of fire and gas, where the detection of gas and / or smoke has been used to generate an alarm. Currently this is usually done in separate units since the current technology does not use laser devices based on IR > 1 μm for detection and in this way you must select which parameter you should detect. The laser smoke detection is currently based on lasers of short wavelength (usually <1 μm) where the light is scattered by smoke particles and thus detected (U.S. Patent No. 2004/0063154 Al) . The detection of CO is usually done by electrochemical detection or in a few In some cases, when using an IR lamp for area detection (U.S. Patent No. 3,677,652), in some systems, these technologies are used separately as devices or combine as multiple devices in a system to improve performance. But this makes the system expensive and less robust. An improvement would be to have more than one capacity in a device, but this has not been possible before. The IR lamp also has much less light per wavelength and uses much more energy than a laser, which makes it less sensitive and more difficult to integrate into safe EX systems. We present here a way to detect both CO or other gas and smoke, using a technology / device. The base is we use a laser that is absorbed by the gas and also detect smoke dispersion with the same laser, in such a way that two fire or fire detection parameters are obtained by a device. This allows us to produce a more economical system than the systems of multiple current technologies, it is more robust and we only use one technology and it will result in less false fire alarms since all the detection units will detect multiple parameters.

The new technology presented here is also unique in the way that a longer wavelength IR laser uses to detect CO or other gas in addition to smoke / particles. These wavelengths have better eye safety than wavelengths <1 μm (laser classification ANSI 136.1), so that higher energy lasers can be used without compromising safety. Higher energy means a longer range for the laser and higher sensitivity, in the present invention we also show a configuration that we use to measure gas and smoke. The distance between the transmitter (containing the laser) and the receiver (which contains the detector) can be much larger than for a laser-based smoke detection system that uses shorter wavelengths. This is due to the superior energy that can be used with said laser. At the wavelength of -2.3 μm used in the present invention, the energy can be 54 times higher than a laser at 780 nm, and still have the same classification in eye safety (ANSI 136.1 Class IB or the like). The upper laser energy also allows the laser beam to be detected remotely or indirectly, so that gas and / or smoke / particles can be detected from reflected light (from a surface or particles in the air). Another possibility is to put both the laser and the detector in a unit, in such a way that the detection of fire or fire can be carried out in a chamber. This can be equipped with one or more mirrors to increase the path length of the laser beam and detect gas and / or particles, with higher sensitivity. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The scope of the invention shall be considered covered by the appended independent claims. The invention consists of a single near, middle or far IR laser in the wavelength area of 1.0-10.0 μm which is used to detect both gas and particles, gas and fluid and fluid and particles. In one aspect of the invention, the IR laser is a Fabry Perot laser, splice laser T or the like. In another aspect of the invention, the gas is C02, CO, NH3, N0X / S02, CH4, gas / hydrocarbon fluid or the like, with absorption in the wavelength area of 1.0-10.0 μm. In another aspect of the invention, the particles are inorganic or organic particles in fluid as sand, grains, dust particles, plankton or similar that scatter laser light. In another aspect of the invention, the particles are airborne particles such as smoke, thick fog with smoke, mist or the like that scatter the laser light. In a further aspect of the invention, the laser is transmitted through an area or camera and detected with one or more IR detectors to measure gas and particles, fluid and particles or fluid and gas bubbles. In another aspect of the invention, the laser beam is reflected multiple times between two mirrors, to increase the absorption length before it is detected with an average IR detector. In a still further aspect of the invention, the laser is a GaAs-, GaSb-, InAs-, InSb-, InP-, GaN-, GaP-, AlGaAs-, InGaAs-, AlGaSb-, InGaSb-, InGaAsP-, InGaAsN-, AlGaAsSb-, InGaAsS-, AlInGaAsSb- or similar. In a still further aspect of the invention, the IR laser emits radiation in the area of 2.0-5.0 μm. In a still further aspect of the invention, the IR laser emits radiation in the area is 2.2-2.6 μm. In an even greater aspect of the invention, the Laser is a heterostructure laser, a quantum well laser or a quantum cascade laser, based on one or more of these materials. In another aspect of the invention, wherein the active alignment of the detector and laser are used to facilitate the alignment requirement. In a further aspect of the invention, adaptive optical components, MEMS or electric motors, are used for active alignment. In another aspect of the invention, passive alignment of the detector and lasers such as multiple detectors is used to facilitate the alignment requirement. In another aspect of the invention, one detector is used on-axis for direct laser gas detection and another is used off-axis, for detection of smoke by scattered light. In one aspect of the invention, the IR detector is a semiconductor-based detector InGaSb-, InGaAs-, InGaAsSb- or InAlGaAsSb or the like. In another aspect of the invention, one or more lenses are used to collimate or focus the laser beam of the laser and on the detector. In a further aspect of the invention, the Detection is performed on a chamber that is pierced in some way to allow ambient atmosphere, gas and / or smoke to enter the chamber. In another aspect of the invention, the detection is performed in a chamber fed with ambient atmosphere, gas and / or smoke through a gas / air line and pump. In a further aspect of the invention, several detection points are achieved by having several gas / air lines in one chamber. In another aspect of the invention, the laser beam passes through one or more windows, such that an area can be measured. In another aspect of the invention, the laser is tuned or tuned at wavelength, to scan a gas spectrum, so that more absorption data can be collected. In a further aspect of the invention, the absorption data is used to determine the presence and concentration of a gas for the purpose of sounding an alarm. In a further aspect of the invention, the absorption data are used to determine the presence and concentration of particles for the purpose to sound an alarm. In a still further aspect of the invention, the laser is pulsed and the detector is coupled with a locking amplifier, or fast Fourier transform of the signal to reduce background. In another aspect of the invention, a second or third detector is mounted near the laser to be used as a reference for the absorption spectrum. In another aspect of the invention, a known material, fluid and / or gas, is placed between the laser and the reference detector to be used as a reference for the absorption spectrum. In a further aspect of the invention, the difference between the absorption spectrum of the ambient, fluid and / or atmosphere gas and the reference detector is used to sound an alarm. In another aspect of the invention, the measurement detector is used as a reference detector, by moving a reference material between the laser and the measurement detector for short periods of time. In another aspect of the invention, the wavelength of the laser is adjusted by changing the amount, duty cycle and / or frequency of the current to the laser. In another aspect of the invention, lenses heated, windows or mirrors are used in the route of the laser beam, to avoid frost formation in one or more of these. In another aspect of the invention, part of the unit is hermetically sealed or filled with plastic or the like, to prevent corrosive damage of the ambient atmosphere to the internal components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 shows schematics of a laser / lens / detector for a gas and / or fire alarm along with power supply, preamplifier and electronic control components. Figure 2 shows the output spectrum of the 2.3 μm laser used in the gas detection test. At the 205mA laser wavelength, the laser wavelength was -2,277 μm, while at 350mA the wavelength was -2,316 μm. Figure 3 shows the detector signal measured as a function of pulsed laser current (50% duty cycle). With CH4 in the 5 cm gas cell, some of the laser light is absorbed. Figure 4 shows the calculated gas absorption spectrum of CH4, from the data in Figure 3. The absorption data of the CH4 gas from the base of HITRAN data are illustrated by comparison (with another scale). The data overlap, but the use of an inexpensive FP laser gives broader features. Figure 5 shows CO gas absorption data from the HITRAN database. Figure 6 shows the results of laser T-junction test at room temperature with pulsed operation. The simple mode emitted by the laser from 2353 μm to 2375 μm, that is to say a simple tuning range of 22 nm at room temperature. Maximum maximum full width of the emission was 0.47 nm for 2353 μm and 0.57 nm for 2.375 μm emission. The 16 mA spectrum shifts down for clarity. Figure 7 shows schematics illustrating laser / lens / detector for a gas and / or fluid and / or particle alarm / anomaly sensor, together with power supply, preamplifier and electronic controller components. Figure 8 shows measured absorbance of water, methane and ethanol around a wavelength of 2.3 μ. The figure shows how different hydrocarbon liquids result in different absorption spectra that can be detected.

Figure 9 is a reference material or gas used in conjunction with a second detector to calibrate the measurement. This auto-calibrated operation results in improved precision without need for precise control of laser current and temperature. Figure 10 an extra detector measures the reflected / backscattered IR / particle obstruction laser radiation to obtain volume information. With fog blocking the receiver detector (on the right side), the extra detector will be able to obtain a gas absorption spectrum. Figure 11. The receiver is omitted in such a way that gas is measured through reflection / retro scattering of IR laser radiation by particles or obstructions such as fog, snow, ice, sand or similar. The detector can be inclined in one or two ways, to align it to observe gas in the desired area / point or for inspection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is described based on the following non-limiting examples. The patent is intended to cover all possible variations and adjustments that may be made, based on the appended claims.

Examples A system based on a Fabry Perot IR laser medium FPCM-2301 at -2.3 μm (from Intoto A / S, Norway) was built in a "transmitter" housing with a collimator lens and a power supply As shown in Figure 1. The power supply of the tested system was in fact mounted on the back side of the housing (as opposed to the figure that has a separate box), so that the distance between the power source and the the laser was smaller. In front of the laser we mounted a concave flat lens that had the laser in its focal point, so that the laser beam collimated in a parallel beam. This facilitated the adjustment of the distance between the transmitter (which contains the laser) and the detector. As illustrated in Figure 1, the detector was mounted in a "receiver" housing with a flat concave lens, such that the majority of the laser beam was focused on the detector. The pin detector in the housing (a 2.3 μm InGaAs pin detector from Sensors Unlimited Ltd., USA) was connected to a pre-amplifier that was mounted on the receiver to reduce the distance between the detector and the preamplifier. In order to improve the signal-to-interference ratio, we also try to connect the laser and detector to a pulse generator and interlock amplifier. This reduces the background interference, so that the measurement was much more sensitive. For simple measuring devices, the pulse generator and interlock amplifier are not required. For spectral adjustment of the laser, we try both variation of the service cycle and current to change the output wavelength of the laser. At low continuous currents (-200 mA), the laser emitted around a wavelength of 2.27 μm while at high continuous currents (-350 mA), the laser emission changed up to 2316 μm (Figure 2). As the system tested was with a Fabry Perot laser, the laser had one to three emission modes, with the primordial mode much stronger than the other two. The laser mode spacing was around 3 nm, so that the adjustment from 2.27 μm to 2.32 μm could be made in "steps" of 3 nm. Between these two steps, the laser output is observed to increase in one mode while decreasing in another, such that the data collected was a product of the absorption in a pulse with F HM of around 3-6 nm. Another way to adjust the laser is to use a pulse generator and change the service cycle of the pulse from 1% to 99%, instead of changing the current. This produces more or less the same results as the current setting, but since the current can be kept high throughout the adjustment range, it improves the signal power for the shorter wavelengths. This "pulse adjustment" can also be combined with an interlock amplifier, to increase the signal-to-interference ratio but this was not tested here. The "pulse adjustment" has another advantage since it can be easily controlled and collected using digital signal processing (microcontroller or PC), which reduces the need for analog control of the laser current (and thus reduces the cost). In the gas absorption test, a PC was used as a controller for the laser and detector, in such a way that the data could be collected automatically. The PC can be exchanged with a similar programmable microcontroller or electronic components to perform gas analysis / detection. Several gases can be detected with this configuration, depending on the laser wavelength. Figures 3 and 4 show data collected and a gas absorption spectrum resulting from a pulsed laser that is sent through a 5 cm gas cell containing CH4 In this collection, the laser was adjusted by changing the current and shows absorption peaks around the gas absorption lines. The peaks are much wider and have less detail due to the fact that the laser emission is wider than the gas absorption lines. For this spectrum, the concentration of CH4 can be calculated, and by scanning the laser spectrum and collecting many data points, we calculate a sensitivity of -5 ppm * m in one second. In this way, a transmission length of 10 meters will have a sensitivity of 0.5 ppm for one second of integration time. When CO gas is detected in the same way (absorption of around 2.3 μm), the concentration of CO gas can be measured in the same way as CH. Figure 5 shows the HITRAN absorption data around the wavelength 2.3 μm. To detect smoke, one can already look at the relative absorption across the spectrum, or use a second detector to look for light scattered by particles. The dispersion is primarily insensitive to the wavelength in this small wavelength area, so that the smoke scattering will appear to increase absorption throughout the area, ie it does not appear as peaks. For example, Figure 4 shows absorption coefficient of 4.5 cm "1 to 2.31 μm, while of 7cm" 1 to 2.30 μm (or -160% of 2.31 μm). For smoke absorption, this would be equally great for the two wavelengths (ie, 2.30 μm would be 100% that of 2.31 μm). We can then calculate the amount of smoke and CH4 by: aCH4 (2.31 μm) = 1. 6-aCH4 (2.30 μm) «Sm? Ke (2.31 μm) = aSmoke (2.30 μm) where acH (l) Already smoke (?) is the absorption coefficient of methane and smoke correspondingly. The absorption coefficient measured at (?) Will be related to this through: a (2.30 μm) = aCH4 (2.30 μm) + aSmoke (2.30 μm) to (2.31 μm) = aCH4 (2.31 μm) + «Smoke (2 -31 μm) = 1.6- «CH4 (2.30 μm) + aS oke (2.30 μm) which we rewrite as:« cH4 (2.30 μm) = a (2.31 μm) -a (2.30 μm) /0.6 smoke (.30 μm) = «(2.31 μm) -0.4-« (2.30 μm) /0.6 Since the path lengths are equal, these absorption coefficients will be directly related to the percentage of methane and smoke through calibration (ie a correction of calibration factors). This in turn can be used to adjust your alarm levels.

The previous example demonstrates the ability of this system to measure both gas and smoke at the same time using the adjustment capacity of a laser, and comparing the absorption at different wavelengths for deconvolution of the amount of gas and smoke / particles in the environment probed By using the entire spectrum instead of just two wavelengths, better statistics are obtained and the sensitivity is higher. For this system, the relationship would be: a (?) = K (?) - a aa (?) + A smo? E (?) Where the reference factor for the gas is replaced with a normalized reference spectrum K ( ?) Other methods to improve detection include peak placement (for wavelength calibration) or by looking at the derivative of the spectrum in deconvolution of gas absorption peaks (considering that the smoke expression is equal across the range of acquired spectrum) . Another way to measure the absorption of gas and smoke dispersion, is to use a tuneable laser in a single mode as a joining laser or the like. Figure 6 shows the output spectrum of one of our binding lasers? that emits radiation in only one way. The benefit of using radiation in only one way is that It has a much narrower line width, so that individual gas lines can be resolved. The laser binding? -proposed here has a line width of 0.52 nm + 0.05 nm which is good enough to solve the CO-absorption lines shown in Figure 5. For example, there is a strong line at 2365.54 nm that can be scattered with the binding laser -without interference of the 2363.12 nm or 2368.00 nm lines in addition to this. This dispersion will be given even higher detection limits when combining narrow dispersion and wide tuning (to scan several lines). As for the Fabry Perot laser, it can be used for particle / smoke detection and it will also give a higher sensitivity for this deconvolution of strong and narrow peaks that is more easily done. Figure 7 also shows how this can be used to detect a mixture of gas and fluids and particles. As with airborne particles, particles in fluids or gas bubbles in fluids will scatter light and can be detected in the same way as discussed above. From our measurements in Figure 8, we also show as hydrocarbon liquids such as methanol, ethanol and the like they can be detected with an IR-medium laser by their absorption peaks. This allows detection of critical components in fluids such as chemicals or unwanted particles to send an alarm to an operator. Figure 9 shows how a reference is used to calibrate the absorption data comparing with the signal for the two detectors. This approach omits the need for precise wavelength control, without removing accuracy to the system. In Figure 10, an extra detector is used to measure the reflected / backscattered IR radiation of the IR-medium laser. By adjusting the wavelength, this detector can also be used to measure gas and particles, but it will depend on the dispersion / reflection medium such as fog, dust, snow or a solid medium such as ice or the like. The calibration gas reference signal is used as a calibration in this environment as well. Figure 11 shows the same configuration as Figure 10, but without a receiver. In contrast, the extra detector in Figure 10 is used to measure both particles and gas. This configuration is advantageous in the case of long measuring distances or if an area scan is required. An exploration can be done by aligning the laser in different directions using motors, adaptive optical components or MEMS. Table 1 shows a list of identified gases and wavelengths, which can be measured with the present invention. Table 1. List of some of the gases that are detected with the present invention.

Claims (50)

1. CLAIMS 1. A method, using a laser based on InGaAsP-, InGaAsN-, AlGaAsS-, InGaAsSb or AlInGaAsSb in the wavelength range 1.0-10.0 μm, to detect both gases, particles, gas and fluid or fluid and particles. Method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the IR laser emits radiation in the 2.0-3.9 μm area. 3. Method as described in the claim 1, characterized in that the IR laser emits radiation in the area 2.1-3.4 μm. Method as described in claim 1, characterized in that the IR laser is a Fabry Perot laser, joining laser or the like. 5. Method as described in the claim 4, characterized in that the IR laser is a heterostructure laser, a multiple quantum well laser or a quantum cascade laser, based on one or more of these materials. 6. Method as described in the claim 5, characterized in that the laser is adjusted in wavelength to scan a spectrum of gases, in such a way that the absorption data of more than one wavelength. 7. Method as described in the claim 6, characterized in that absorption data are used to determine the presence and concentration of a gas for the purpose of sounding or emitting an alarm. 8. Method as described in the claim 7, characterized in that the absorption data are also used to determine the presence and concentration of particles for the purpose of sounding or emitting an alarm. 9. Method as described in claim 7, characterized in that the gas is C02, CO, NH3, N0X, S02, CH4, gas / hydrocarbon fluid or the like. Method as described in claim 8, characterized in that the particles are inorganic or organic in fluid such as sand, grains, dust particles, plankton or the like or particles in gas such as smoke or mist, thick smoke with smoke or the like that scatter light. To be. Method as described in claim 8, characterized in that the laser is transmitted through an area or a chamber and detected with one or more IR detectors to measure gas and particles, fluid and particles or fluid and gas bubbles. 12. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the laser beam is reflected multiple times between two mirrors to increase the absorption length before it is detected with an average IR detector. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that adaptive optical components, MEMS or electric motors are used for active laser and detector alignment. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that passive alignment of the detector and laser, such as multiple detectors, are used to facilitate the alignment requirement. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that one detector is used on-axis for detection of direct laser gas and another is used off-axis for detection of smoke by scattered light. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the IR detector is a detector based on semiconductor-InGaSb, -InGaAs, InGaAsSb or -InAlGaAsSb or the like. 17. Method as described in claim 12, characterized in that the detection is performed in a chamber pierced in some way to allow ambient atmosphere, gas and / or smoke to enter the chamber. Method as described in claim 17, characterized in that the detection is carried out in a chamber that is supplied with ambient atmosphere, gas and / or smoke through a gas / air line and pump. 19. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the various detection points are achieved by having several gas / air lines in a chamber / area. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the laser is pulsed and the detector is coupled to a fast Fourier interlock or transform amplifier of the signal to reduce the background. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that a second or third detector is mounted near the laser, to be used as a reference for the absorption spectrum. 22. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that a known material, fluid and / or gas is placed between the laser and reference detector, to be used as a reference for the absorption spectrum. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the difference between the absorption spectrum of the ambient, fluid and / or atmosphere gas and the reference detector is used to send an alarm. Method as described in claim 11, characterized in that the measurement detector is used as a reference detector when moving a reference material between the laser and the measurement detector, for short periods of time. Method as described in claim 6, characterized in that the laser wavelength is adjusted by changing the quantity, service cycle and / or frequency of the current to the laser. 26. A product in which a laser based on -InGaAsP, -InGaAsN, -AlGaAsSb, -InGaAsSb or -AlInGaAsSb in the wavelength area 1.0-10.0 μm, is used to detect both gas and particles, gas and fluid or fluid and particles. 27. A product as described in claim 26, characterized in that the IR laser emits radiation in the 2.0-3.9 μm area. 28. A product as described in claim 26, characterized in that the IR laser emits radiation in the area 2.1-3.4 μm. 29. A product as described in claim 26, characterized in that the IR laser is a Fabry Perot laser, joining laser or the like. 30. A product as described in claim 29, characterized in that the laser is a heterostructure laser, a multi-quantum well laser or a quantum cascade laser, based on one or more of these materials. 31. A product as described in claim 30, characterized in that the laser is adjusted in wavelength to scan a gas spectrum, so that absorption data of more than one wavelength is collected. 32. Method as described in claim 31, characterized in that the absorption data are used to determine the presence and concentration of a gas, for the purpose of sending an alarm. 33. A product as described in claim 32, characterized in that the absorption data are also used to determine the presence and concentration of particles, for the purpose of sending an alarm. 34. A product as described in claim 32, characterized in that the gas is C02, CO, NH3, N0X, S02, CH4, gas / hydrocarbon fluid or the like. 35. A product as described in claim 33, characterized in that the particles are inorganic or organic particles in fluid such as sand, grains, dust particles, plankton or the like or particles in gas such as smoke, thick fog with smoke, haze or the like that scatter laser light. 36. A product as described in claim 33, characterized in that the laser is transmitted through an area or a chamber and detected with one or more IR detectors to measure gas and particles, fluid and particles or fluid and gas bubbles. 37. A product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the laser beam is reflected multiple times between two mirrors to increase the absorption length before it is detected with an average IR detector. 38. A product as described in claim 36, characterized in that adaptive optical components, MEMS or electric motors, are used for active laser and detector alignment. 39. The product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the passive alignment of the detector and laser, such as multiple detectors, is used to facilitate the alignment requirement. 40. The product as described in claim 36, characterized in that one detector is used in-axis, for detection of direct laser gas and another is used off-axis, for detection of smoke by scattered light. 41. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the IR detector is a detector based on semiconductor- InGaSb, -InGaAs, InGaAsSb or -InAlGaAsSb or the like. 42. Product as described in claim 37, characterized in that the detection is performed in a chamber that is perforated in some way to allow ambient atmosphere, gas and / or smoke to enter the chamber. 43. Product as described in the claim 42, characterized in that the detection is carried out in a chamber that is supplied with ambient atmosphere, gas and / or smoke through a gas / air line and pump. 44. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the various detection points are reached by having several gas / air lines in a chamber / area. 45. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the laser is pulsed and the detector is coupled with a fast Fourier intercept or signal amplifier of the signal to reduce the background. 46. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that a second or third detector is mounted near the laser to be used as a reference for the absorption spectrum. 47. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that a known material, fluid and / or gas, is placed between the laser and reference detector to be used as a reference for the absorption spectrum. 48. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the difference between the absorption spectrum of the ambient, fluid and / or atmosphere gas and the reference detector, it is used to send an alarm or activate an alarm. 49. Product as described in claim 36, characterized in that the measurement detector is used as a reference detector when moving a reference material between the laser and the measurement detector, for short periods of time. 50. Product as described in claim 31, characterized in that the laser wavelength is adjusted by changing the quantity, duty cycle and / or frequency of the current to the laser.