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KR960706057A - 저온 분리 방법(cryogenic separation) - Google Patents

저온 분리 방법(cryogenic separation)

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Publication number
KR960706057A
KR960706057A KR1019960702409A KR19960702409A KR960706057A KR 960706057 A KR960706057 A KR 960706057A KR 1019960702409 A KR1019960702409 A KR 1019960702409A KR 19960702409 A KR19960702409 A KR 19960702409A KR 960706057 A KR960706057 A KR 960706057A
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KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
distillation column
stage
stream
recovering
distillation
Prior art date
Application number
KR1019960702409A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
에릭 카우프만 아브람
아놀드 모스 잭
쥬니어 존 엘. 피커링
Original Assignee
말콤 디. 킨
모빌 오일 코오포레이숀
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Publication of KR960706057A publication Critical patent/KR960706057A/ko

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G70/00—Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00, C10G11/00, C10G15/00, C10G47/00, C10G51/00
    • C10G70/04—Working-up undefined normally gaseous mixtures obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00, C10G11/00, C10G15/00, C10G47/00, C10G51/00 by physical processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0219—Refinery gas, cracking gas, coke oven gas, gaseous mixtures containing aliphatic unsaturated CnHm or gaseous mixtures of undefined nature
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0242—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 3 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0247—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 4 carbon atoms or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/80—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using integrated mass and heat exchange, i.e. non-adiabatic rectification in a reflux exchanger or dephlegmator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/12—Refinery or petrochemical off-gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/30—Dynamic liquid or hydraulic expansion with extraction of work, e.g. single phase or two-phase turbine

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 하기 a) 내지 1)의 단계를 포함하는, 알켄, 알켄과 동일한 탄소수의 상응하는 알칸 및 1종 이상의 보다 중량이 큰 탄화수소 성분을 함유하는 탄화수소 혼합물을 분리하는 방법 : a) 상기 탄화수소 혼합물을 상부환류단을 가지는 제1증류탑(40)에 공급하는 단계; b) 제1증류탑(40)으로부터 알켄 및 알칸이 풍부한 제1상부 증기 스트림(40V)을 회수하고, 상길 제1상부 증기 스트림(40V)을 제2증류탑(50)의 중앙 증류단으로 전달하는 단계; c) 제2증류탑(50)으로부터 알켄이 풍부한 제2상부 증기 스트림(50V)을 회수하는 단계; d) 제2상부 증기 스트림(50V)을 단열 압축하고, 상기 압축된 증기를 제2증류탑(50)의 재비등단(50B)으로 전달하여 압축된 증기를 냉각 및 응축시키고 액체 재비등 스트림을 가열하는 단계.

Description

저온 분리 방법(CRYOGENIC SEPARATION)
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1도는 에텐 생산을 위해 분해 및 냉각 분류법을 이용하는 통상의 탄화수소 공정처리 플랜트의 단위조작설비를 도시하는 개략적인 공정 흐름도, 제2도는 저온 분획에서 프로판을 제거하고 C3스트림을 프로펜 및 기타 생성물 스트림으로 분할하는 개량된 다중탑 증류부를 상세히 도시하는 상세한 공정 및 장치도이다.

Claims (9)

  1. 하기 a) 내지 i)의 수단을 포함하는, 상이한 정상 비등점을 각각 가지는 3종 이상의 휘발성 성분을 함유하는 혼합물의 분리용 저온분리(cryogenic separation) 시스템; a) 각각 상부 환류단(reflux stage), 중앙 증류단 및 하부 재비등단(reboilwr stage)을 가진 제1 및 제2증류탑; 여기서 제2증류탑은 제1증류탑으로부터 제1의 상부(overhead) 증기 스트림(stream)을 수용하도록 작용적으로 연결되어 있으며; b) 제2증류탑 환류단으로부터 1종 이상의 저비등 성분이 풍부한 제2의 상부 증기 스트림을 수용하고 단열 압축하도록 작용적으로 연결된 압축수단; c) 압축 수단으로부터 제2증류탑 재비등단으로 단열 압축된 증기를 전달하여 압축된 증기를 응축시키고, 액체 재비등 스트립을 가열시키는 수단; d) 응축된 증기의 압력을 감소시켜 저비등 성분이 풍부한 부분적으로 기화된 혼합물 스트림을 제공하는 기화(flashing) 수단; e) 기화된 혼합물 스트림을 수용하고, 액체부 및 그 증기부를 회수하고, 액체부를 제2증류탑 환류단에 전달하도록 작용적으로 연결된 환류 유체 취급 수단; f) 제2증류탑의 중앙단으로부터 저비등 및 중비등 성분이 풍부한 중간 액체 스트림을 배출시키고, 상기 중간 액체 스트림을 제1증류탑 환류단에 전달하는 수단; g) 제1증류탑 재비등단으로부터 1종 이상의 고비등 성분을 회수하는 수단; h)제2증류탑 재비등단으로부터 1종 이상의 중비등 성분을 회수하는 수단; 및 i) 저비등 성분을 회수하는 수단.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 제2증류탑 작동 압력보다는 크지만 그 20%범위내로 제1증류탑내의 작동 압력을 유지하는 압력 조절 수단을 포함하는 분리 시스템.
  3. 하기 a) 내지 1)의 단계를 포함하는, 알켄, 알켄과 동일한 탄소수의 상응하는 알칸 및 1종 이상의 보다 중량이 큰 탄화수소 성분을 함유하는 탄화수소 혼합물을 분리하는 방법; a) 상기 탄화수소 혼합물을 상부 환류단을 가지는 제1증류탑에 공급하는 단계; b) 제1증류탑으로부터 알켄 및 알칸이 풍부한 제1상부 증기 스트림을 회수하고, 상기 제1상부 상기 스트림을 제2증류탑의 중앙 증류단으로 전달하는 단계; c) 제2증류탑으로부터 알켄이 풍부한 제2상부 증기 스트림을 회수하는 단계; d) 알켄이 풍부한 제2상부 상기 스트림을 단열 압축하고, 상기 압축된 증기를 제2증류탑의 재비등단으로 전달하여 압축된 증기를 냉각 및 응축시키고 액체 재비등 스트림을 가열하는 단계; e) 제2증류탑의 재비등단으로부터 냉각 및 응축된 증기를 기화시켜 알켄이 풍부한 부분적으로 기화된 혼합물을 제공하는 단계; f) 기화된 혼합물 스트림을 회수 및 분리하여 액체부 및 증기부를 제공하는 단계; g) 액체부를 제2증류탑의 환류단으로 절단하는 단계; h) 제2증류탑의 중앙단으로부터 알켄 및 알칸이 풍부한 중간 액체 스트림을 배출시키는 단계; i) 상기 중간 액체 스트림을 제1증류탑 환류단으로 절단하는 단계; j)제1증류탑으로부터 보다 중량이 큰 성분을 회수하는 단계; k) 제2증류탑 재비등단으로부터 알칸을 회수하는 단계; 및 1) 알켄 생성물 스트림을 회수하는 단계.
  4. 제3항에 있어서, 단계(i)를 0.50 이하인 유효 환류비로 실시하는 방법.
  5. 제3항 또는 제4항에 있어서, 단계(i)를 0.15이하인 유효 환류비로 실시하는 방법.
  6. 제3항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계(g)를 0.50 이하인 유효 환류비로 실시하는 방법.
  7. 제3항 내지 제6항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 제2증류탑 절대 압력의 10%이하로 제1증류탑내의 절대 압력을 유지하는 단계를 포함하는 방법.
  8. 제3항 내지 제7항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 알켄이 에텐이고 알칸이 에탄인 방법.
  9. 제3항 내지 제7항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 알켄이 프로펜이고 알칸이 프로판인 방법.
    ※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019960702409A 1993-11-09 1994-11-07 저온 분리 방법(cryogenic separation) KR960706057A (ko)

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US08/149,495 US5372009A (en) 1993-11-09 1993-11-09 Cryogenic distillation
US08/149,495 1993-11-09
PCT/US1994/012787 WO1995013511A1 (en) 1993-11-09 1994-11-07 Cryogenic separation

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JPH09505337A (ja) 1997-05-27
EP0728284A1 (en) 1996-08-28
TW260619B (ko) 1995-10-21
HU9600930D0 (en) 1996-06-28
CA2174514A1 (en) 1995-05-18
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CN1134748A (zh) 1996-10-30
NO961652L (no) 1996-04-25
NO961652D0 (no) 1996-04-25

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