KR960015374B1 - 크롬-질소 합금 표면 피막 및 그것의 도포방법 - Google Patents
크롬-질소 합금 표면 피막 및 그것의 도포방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR960015374B1 KR960015374B1 KR1019900016548A KR900016548A KR960015374B1 KR 960015374 B1 KR960015374 B1 KR 960015374B1 KR 1019900016548 A KR1019900016548 A KR 1019900016548A KR 900016548 A KR900016548 A KR 900016548A KR 960015374 B1 KR960015374 B1 KR 960015374B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- nitrogen
- atoms
- phase
- alloy
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910001199 N alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] Chemical class [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Zn].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Ag].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn].[Sn] RZJQYRCNDBMIAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 21
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 CrN nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0688—Cermets, e.g. mixtures of metal and one or more of carbides, nitrides, oxides or borides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 크롬과 질소의 비-평형 합금으로 이루어지며 기판에 대하여 양호한 마찰특성을 부여하기 위한 피막으로서, 합금은 100원자당 87 내지 68원자의 크롬과 13 내지 32원자의 질소를 포함하며, 포함된 질소를 함유하는 등축정계 미정질 크롬상과 Cr2N 질화물에 비교하여 화학량론적으로 부족한 질소함량을 가지는 정사각형 크롬 질화물상의 2상으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 피막.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 정사각형 질화물 격자 매개변수의 비율이 1.02와 1.5 사이인 것을 특징으로 하는 피막.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 두께가 0.1과 50μm 사이인 것을 특징으로 하는 피막.
- 전기 전도성 기판위에 양호한 마찰 특성을 부여하기 위해 전기 전도성 기판을 피막시키는 방법으로서, 크롬은, 자기장과 조합하여, 양극기판과 음극 크롬 표적사이에서 만들어진 전기장을 사용하며 크롬과 질소의 비평형 합금이 용착되도록 하는 작동 조건하에서 플라즈마를 생성하는 마그네트론 스퍼터링 장치가 부착된 챔버내에서, 저압에서 희소가스중의 질소의 반응성 분위기하에 스퍼터되고, 희소가스중의 질소분압은 단일상 합금이 포함된 질소로 포화되는 예정된 최소압력과 육방정계 크롬 질화물 Cr2N이 형성되기 시작하는 예정된 최대압력사이의 값에서 설정되며, 그때에 합금은 100원자당 87 내지 68원자의 크롬과 13 내지 32원자의 질소를 함유하고, 등축정계 미정질 크롬상과 육방정계의 크롬 질화물에 비교하여 화학량론적으로 부족한 질소 함량을 가지는 정사각형의 크롬 질화물상의 2상을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 주어진 챔버내에서 및 주어진 작동조건하에서, 특히 예컨대 기판상에서의 크롬의 적절한 용착속도를 얻기 위한 챔버의 총압과 플라즈마 방전력하에서, 다수의 용착이 질소분압이 어긋나게 배치되어 있는 다수의 기판위에 실시되며, 얻어진 용착물은 결정학적으로 분석되어 주어진 챔버 및 작동조건에 대한 최소 및 최대질소분압이 측정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 희소가스 압력이 0.1과 0.5Pa 사이이고 질소분압이 0.01과 0.1Pa 사이인 것을 특징 으로 하는 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 방전력이 음극표면의 dm망 250과 1200W 사이인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 용착물의 두께의 증가율이 1과10mm/s 사이인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8913739A FR2653452B1 (fr) | 1989-10-20 | 1989-10-20 | Revetement de substrat, pour conferer a celui-ci de bonnes proprietes tribologiques, en alliage chrome-azote, et procede d'obtention. |
FR8913739 | 1989-10-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR910008161A KR910008161A (ko) | 1991-05-30 |
KR960015374B1 true KR960015374B1 (ko) | 1996-11-11 |
Family
ID=9386596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019900016548A KR960015374B1 (ko) | 1989-10-20 | 1990-10-17 | 크롬-질소 합금 표면 피막 및 그것의 도포방법 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5160537A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0425336B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JPH083143B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR960015374B1 (ko) |
BR (1) | BR9005291A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2027972C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69010305T2 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2058851T3 (ko) |
FR (1) | FR2653452B1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1068388C (zh) * | 1994-07-30 | 2001-07-11 | 株式会社理研 | 滑动部件 |
US5672386A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1997-09-30 | Kabushiki Kaisha Riken | Process for forming a coating of chromium and nitrogen having good wear resistance properties |
JP3766445B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 2006-04-12 | 日本ピストンリング株式会社 | 内燃機関用ピストンリング |
FR2744461B1 (fr) | 1996-02-01 | 1998-05-22 | Tecmachine | Nitrure de titane dope par du bore, revetement de substrat a base de ce nouveau compose, possedant une durete elevee et permettant une tres bonne resistance a l'usure, et pieces comportant un tel revetement |
US6212997B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2001-04-10 | Nordson Corporation | Reciprocating fluid pumps with chromium nitride coated components in contact with non-metallic packing and gasket materials for increased seal life |
DE19952549A1 (de) * | 1999-11-02 | 2001-05-03 | Hauzer Techno Coating Europ B | Substrat mit einer Chrom-Nitrid-Schicht |
US6344246B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2002-02-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Laser irradiation induced non-skid surface layer formation on substrate |
US7294077B2 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-11-13 | General Motors Corporation | CVT belt with chromium nitride coating |
DE102004043550B4 (de) * | 2004-09-09 | 2012-02-16 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verschleißfeste Beschichtung, ihre Verwendung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
JP2007084840A (ja) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-04-05 | Nagaoka Univ Of Technology | 高硬度材料、及びその製造方法 |
US7891669B2 (en) * | 2007-06-16 | 2011-02-22 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring with chromium nitride coating for internal combustion engines |
US8092922B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-01-10 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Layered coating and method for forming the same |
JP5914334B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-05-11 | Tpr株式会社 | 高靭性被膜及び摺動部材 |
JP6808560B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-03 | 2021-01-06 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 摺動システム |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2512070A1 (fr) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-03-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Couche de chrome de haute durete, capable de resister a la fois a l'usure, a la deformation, a la fatigue des surfaces et a la corrosion |
JPS6287423A (ja) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-21 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 光学素子成形用型 |
-
1989
- 1989-10-20 FR FR8913739A patent/FR2653452B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-10-11 ES ES90402840T patent/ES2058851T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-11 DE DE69010305T patent/DE69010305T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-11 EP EP90402840A patent/EP0425336B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-16 US US07/597,011 patent/US5160537A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-17 KR KR1019900016548A patent/KR960015374B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-17 JP JP2278879A patent/JPH083143B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-18 CA CA002027972A patent/CA2027972C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-19 BR BR909005291A patent/BR9005291A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2027972A1 (fr) | 1991-04-21 |
CA2027972C (fr) | 2000-01-18 |
DE69010305T2 (de) | 1994-10-13 |
EP0425336A1 (fr) | 1991-05-02 |
KR910008161A (ko) | 1991-05-30 |
EP0425336B1 (fr) | 1994-06-29 |
FR2653452B1 (fr) | 1992-01-24 |
JPH083143B2 (ja) | 1996-01-17 |
US5160537A (en) | 1992-11-03 |
JPH03140461A (ja) | 1991-06-14 |
ES2058851T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
DE69010305D1 (de) | 1994-08-04 |
BR9005291A (pt) | 1991-09-17 |
FR2653452A1 (fr) | 1991-04-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Hoffman et al. | Internal stresses in sputtered chromium | |
KR960015374B1 (ko) | 크롬-질소 합금 표면 피막 및 그것의 도포방법 | |
Chen et al. | Plasma-assisted nitriding of aluminum | |
Lang et al. | The corrosion resistance and wear resistance of thick TiN coatings deposited by arc ion plating | |
Knotek et al. | Properties of arc-evaporated CrN and (Cr, Al) N coatings | |
Hurkmans et al. | Influence of ion bombardment on structure and properties of unbalanced magnetron grown CrNx coatings | |
Aubert et al. | Hard chrome and molybdenum coatings produced by physical vapour deposition | |
Maréchal et al. | Silver thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering | |
Sproul et al. | The effect of N2 partial pressure, deposition rate and substrate bias potential on the hardness and texture of reactively sputtered TiN coatings | |
Münsterer et al. | Cavitation protection by low temperature TiCN coatings | |
Jehn et al. | Characterization of PVD (Ti, Cr) Nx hard coatings | |
Sanchette et al. | Structure—properties relationship of metastable Al-Cr and Al-Ti alloys deposited by rf magnetron sputtering: role of nitrogen | |
Kadlec et al. | Reactive deposition of TiN films using an unbalanced magnetron | |
Knoll et al. | Correlation between the stress and microstructure in bias-sputtered ZrO2-Y2O3 films | |
JP2893498B2 (ja) | 非化学量論的窒化チタンコーティング | |
Terrat et al. | Structure and mechanical properties of reactively sputtered chromium nitrides | |
EP1226030B1 (en) | Forming members for shaping a reactive metal and methods for their fabrication | |
Kattamis | On the evaluation of adhesion of coatings by automatic scratch testing | |
Arnell | Control of mechanical and structural properties of coatings deposited using unbalanced magnetrons | |
Riviere et al. | Microhardness and adhesion of TiB2 coatings produced by dynamic ion mixing | |
Matthes et al. | Wear behaviour of rf-sputtered TiN, TiB2 and Ti (B, N) coatings on metal forming tools in a model wear test | |
Jensen et al. | Influence of the reactive gas flow on chromium nitride sputtering | |
Sugiyama et al. | Microstructure and wear behaviour of chromium nitride films formed by ion-beam-enhanced deposition | |
Billard et al. | Corrosion-resistant and hard 310 stainless steel-carbon coatings prepared by reactive dc magnetron sputtering | |
Nyman et al. | Substrate bias effects on cathodic arc deposited Cr coatings |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PA0109 | Patent application |
Patent event code: PA01091R01D Comment text: Patent Application Patent event date: 19901017 |
|
PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0201 | Request for examination |
Patent event code: PA02012R01D Patent event date: 19931221 Comment text: Request for Examination of Application Patent event code: PA02011R01I Patent event date: 19901017 Comment text: Patent Application |
|
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 19960325 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
G160 | Decision to publish patent application | ||
PG1605 | Publication of application before grant of patent |
Comment text: Decision on Publication of Application Patent event code: PG16051S01I Patent event date: 19961018 |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 19970203 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Comment text: Registration of Establishment Patent event date: 19970414 Patent event code: PR07011E01D |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Payment date: 19970414 End annual number: 3 Start annual number: 1 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 19990911 Start annual number: 4 End annual number: 4 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20000922 Start annual number: 5 End annual number: 5 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20011010 Start annual number: 6 End annual number: 6 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20021010 Start annual number: 7 End annual number: 7 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20030929 Start annual number: 8 End annual number: 8 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20041001 Start annual number: 9 End annual number: 9 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20050921 Start annual number: 10 End annual number: 10 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20060922 Start annual number: 11 End annual number: 11 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20071005 Start annual number: 12 End annual number: 12 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20081009 Start annual number: 13 End annual number: 13 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20091106 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20091106 Start annual number: 14 End annual number: 14 |
|
EXPY | Expiration of term | ||
PC1801 | Expiration of term |