KR930008087B1 - How to separate protamine sulfate from testis of tuna - Google Patents
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- KR930008087B1 KR930008087B1 KR1019910020606A KR910020606A KR930008087B1 KR 930008087 B1 KR930008087 B1 KR 930008087B1 KR 1019910020606 A KR1019910020606 A KR 1019910020606A KR 910020606 A KR910020606 A KR 910020606A KR 930008087 B1 KR930008087 B1 KR 930008087B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
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Description
본 발명에 의해 얻어진 프로타민 황산염의 자외선 흡광 스펙트럼도이다.It is the ultraviolet absorption spectrum diagram of the protamine sulfate obtained by this invention.
본 발명은 참치의 정소로부터 프로타민 황산염을 분리하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 더 자세히 설명하면 참치의 정소로부터 항균력을 갖는 물질인 프로타민을 정제과정이 없이 이종 단벡질을 제거하여 고순도의 프로타민 황산염을 분리하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for separating protamine sulfate from the testis of tuna. In more detail, the present invention relates to a method for separating high purity protamine sulfate by removing heteroproteins without protamine, a substance having antimicrobial activity, from the testis of tuna without purification.
프로타민은 단백질이며 아미노산 조성중 특히 아르기닌의 함량이 높아서 항균력을 갖고 있다. 본 발명자가 연구한 바로는 이 프로타민이 항균력을 갖는 원리는 프로타민에 많이 함유된 아르기닌이 강한 양이온성을 갖게 됨에 따라 음이온의 성질을 갖는 인지질과 리포폴리사카라이드에 의해 싸여진 미생물이 프로타민과 결합하므로써 호흡작용을 저해받아 생육 및 번식이 억제되고 결국에서는 미생물이 사멸하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 프로타민은 연어, 송어, 청어, 고등어등의 정자핵중에 DNA와 결합하여 존재하며 비교적 분자량이 작고 아르기닌의 함량이 높은 가염기성 단백질이다. 이 단백질은 오래전부터 인슐린과의 복합체인 효력지속성 인슐린 제재와 항 헤파린제인 주사액이 임상약제로 사용되고 있고 또한 생화학 연구 및 생화학 공업에서 분리, 정제용 약제로 이용되고 있을뿐만 아니라 각종 효소의 안정제와 항생물질의 활성제로도 없어서는 안될 물질이다.Protamine is a protein and has an antimicrobial activity due to its high content of arginine, especially in its amino acid composition. According to the present inventors, the principle that this protamine has antimicrobial activity is that the arginine contained in protamine has a strong cationic property, so that the microorganisms encapsulated by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides having the properties of anions bind with protamine. It has been shown to inhibit the action, inhibit the growth and reproduction, and eventually kill the microorganisms. This protamine is a basic protein that is present in the sperm nucleus such as salmon, trout, herring, and mackerel. This protein has been used for a long time as a clinical drug with an effective insulin preparation, which is a complex with insulin, and an anti-heparin injection, and is used as a separation and purification drug in biochemical research and biochemical industry, as well as stabilizers and antibiotics of various enzymes. It is indispensable as an active agent.
종래에 프로타민을 분리하는데는 연어와 청어를 재료로 사용하였는데 참치로부터 프로타민을 분리하는 예는 발견할 수 없다. 일본 특개소 55-2634와 일본 특개소 63-301900에 의하면 연어로부터 각각 프로타민을 분리하는등 참치에서 프로타민을 분리하는 예를 발견할 수 없다.Conventionally, to separate protamine, salmon and herring are used as ingredients, but there is no example of separating protamine from tuna. According to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-2634 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-301900, there is no example of separating protamine from tuna, such as separating protamine from salmon.
이와같이 종래에 각종 어류로부터 프로타민이 분리되었는데 이종 단백질을 제거하고 고순도의 프로타민을 얻기 위해서는 분리된 프로타민을 다시 정제해야되는 불편함이 있다. 일본 특공소 59-31518과 일본 특공소 59-31519에 의하면 연어의 정소를 염산으로 추출하여 이 추출액에 메타인산 나트륨 수용액을 첨가하여 프로타민 인산염을 얻고 이것을 2M황산암모늄에 용해시켜 프로타민 황산염을 얻었다. 이렇게 얻어진 프로타민 황산염을 정제하기 위해 활성탄, 활성알루미나, 실라카겔, 활성백토등의 흡착제를 가해 여과시켜 고순도의 프로타민 황상염을 얻었다. 또한 일본 특개소 62-187492호에 의하면 연어의 정소로부터 향균성을 갖는 프로타민을 분리하였는데, 황산으로 추출하여 얻은 프로타민 황산염을 온수에 용해시켜서 이 용액에 소량의 황산염을 첨가시켜 냉각시킴으로써 프로타민 황산염을 얻었다. 이와같이 종래에는 프로타민 황산염을 얻기위해 특별한 정제과정을 필요로 하였다.As described above, protamine has been separated from various fish. However, in order to remove heterologous proteins and obtain high purity protamine, it is inconvenient to purify the separated protamine again. According to Japanese Patent Office 59-31518 and Japanese Patent Office 59-31519, the testis of salmon was extracted with hydrochloric acid, and sodium metaphosphate aqueous solution was added to the extract to obtain protamine phosphate, which was dissolved in 2M ammonium sulfate to obtain protamine sulfate. In order to purify the obtained protamine sulfate, adsorbents such as activated carbon, activated alumina, silica gel, and activated clay were added and filtered to obtain high purity protamine sulfate. In addition, according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-187492, antibacterial protamine was isolated from the testis of salmon, and protamine sulfate was obtained by dissolving protamine sulfate obtained by sulfuric acid in hot water, adding a small amount of sulfate to the solution, and cooling it. . As such, a conventional purification process is required to obtain protamine sulfate.
또한, 종래의 방법은 분리, 회수과정에서 에탄올과 메탄올을 사용하여 프로타민을 분리하므로써 가격이 비싼 약점이 있었다. 뿐만 아니라 일본 특개소 62-187492의 방법과 같이 황산 암모늄을 사용하게 되면 많은 황산 암모늄으로 단백질을 침전시켜야 하므로 비용이 비싸게 드는 단점이 있다.In addition, the conventional method has an expensive disadvantage by separating protamine using ethanol and methanol in the separation and recovery process. In addition, the use of ammonium sulfate, such as the method of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-187492, requires a high cost because the protein must be precipitated with a large amount of ammonium sulfate.
따라서 본 발명에서는 참치의 정소를 재료로 하여 프로타민 황산염을 분리하는 방법을 연구하였으며, 프로타민 황산염을 분리하는데 있어서 정제과정을 거치지 않고도 이종 단백질을 제거하여 고순도의 프로타민 황산염을 얻는 방법을 발명하였다. 자세히 설명하면 메타인산염으로 침전된 단백질 침전물을 2M황산 암모늄에 녹일 때는 일본특개소 62-187492에 나타난 바와같이 40-50℃의 온수를 이용하여 높은 온도에서 녹이게 된다. 40-50℃의 온수로 침전물을 녹이게 되면 상온의 물에서는 용해도가 떨어지는 프로타민이 40-50℃의 온도에서 잘 녹게된다. 이런 이유로 40-50℃의 온수를 이용하게 되는데 본 발명에서는 이 온도를 70-80℃까지 높여서 프로타민이 좀 더 잘 용해되도록 한다. 이와함께 프로타민 황산염의 열안정성이 우수하여 100℃ 이상에서도 응고가 되지 않는 특성을 이용하여 70-80℃에서 일반 단백질 즉, 프로타민을 제외한 이종 단백질이 열응고되도록하여 이 높은 온도의 액을 여과하므로써 70-80℃에서 응고되지 않는 프로타민을 제외한 이종 단백질을 여과를 통해 제거하여 고순도의 프로타민 황산염을 얻을 수 있었다.Therefore, the present invention has been studied a method for separating protamine sulfate using the testis of tuna as a material, and invented a method for obtaining high purity protamine sulfate by removing heterologous proteins without the purification process in separating the protamine sulfate. In detail, when the protein precipitate precipitated with metaphosphate is dissolved in 2M ammonium sulfate, it is dissolved at high temperature using hot water at 40-50 ° C as shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 62-187492. When the precipitate is dissolved in hot water at 40-50 ° C., protamine, which is less soluble in water at room temperature, dissolves well at a temperature of 40-50 ° C. For this reason, hot water of 40-50 ° C. is used. In the present invention, the temperature is increased to 70-80 ° C. so that the protamine is more dissolved. In addition, by using the property of protamine sulfate's excellent thermal stability, which does not coagulate even at 100 ℃ or higher, the general protein, that is, heterologous protein except protamine, is thermally coagulated at 70-80 ℃, thereby filtering the liquid at high temperature. Heterogeneous proteins except protamine that did not coagulate at -80 ° C were removed by filtration to obtain high purity protamine sulfate.
또한, 본 발명에서는 에탄올과 메탄올을 사용하지않고도 순도가 높은 프로타민을 분리해낼 뿐만 아니라 황산 암모늄을 사용하지 않아서 값싼 프로타민을 얻을 수 있다. 프로타민을 침전시키기 위해 사용되는 황산암모늄 침전법은 황산 암모늄을 용액에 첨가시키면 단백질간의 수소성 결합을 증가시켜 단백질이 침전하는 현상을 이용한 것이다. 이 방법으로는 황산 암모늄을 정소 100g당 254g 넣어주어야 하기 때문에 이 방법을 이용하지 않으면 비용을 절약할 수 있다.In addition, the present invention not only separates high-purity protamine without using ethanol and methanol, but also obtains cheap protamine without using ammonium sulfate. The ammonium sulfate precipitation method used to precipitate protamine takes advantage of the phenomenon that protein is precipitated by increasing the hydrogen bond between proteins when ammonium sulfate is added to the solution. This method requires 254g of ammonium sulfate to be added per 100g of testes.
어류의 정소에서 프로타민을 분리해내는 방법이 많이 연구되어서 연어와 청어등에서의 프로타민 분리방법은 이미 알려져 있지만 참치에서 프로타민을 분리하는 방법은 알려져 있는 것이 없다. 또한 종래의 방법으로는 이 프로타민을 분리할 때 산으로 추출하여 얻은 물질을 활성탄등의 흡착제로 정제하지만 본 발명에서는 분리과정중에 이종 단백질을 제거하여 고순도의 프로타민을 얻는 것을 특징으로 하는 프로타민의 분리방법에 관한 것이다.There have been many researches on how to separate protamine from fish testes. However, there is no known method for separating protamine from salmon and herring. In the conventional method, when the protamine is separated, the material extracted with acid is purified with an adsorbent such as activated carbon, but in the present invention, a high purity protamine is obtained by removing heterologous proteins during the separation process. It is about.
본 발명의 제조방법을 자세히 설명하면 냉동된 참치의 정소를 상온에서 해동한 후 파쇄하여 2-5배 부피의 0.1-1.0N 염산으로 프로타민을 추출하고 이 추출액에 암모니아수를 가해 pH를 3.0-4.0으로 조절하고 0.5-5.0%(w/v)의 농도로 메타인산 나트륨을 가하여 프로타민 인산염을 침전시킨다. 이 침전물을 여과하여 얻고 1-2M의 황산 암모늄 용액에 침전물을 넣어 온도를 높이면서 용해한다. 수 시간 후 온도가 70-80℃가 되면 온도를 유지하면서 여과하여 투명한 추출액을 얻어 10℃이하의 저온에서 24시간-48시간 방치하면 프로타민 황산염이 침전하고 이 침전물을 동결 건조하여 백색의 프로타민 황산염을 얻었다. 만들어진 프로타민 황산염의 항균력을 조사하였다. 각종 균주의 성장에 적합한 배지를 시험관에 취하여 프로타민을 정해진 농도로 첨가한 후 최종 5ml가 되게 하였다. 여기에 균을 50μl씩 접종하여 그람 양성균, 그람 음성균, 유산간균은 37℃에서, 유산구균, 효모, 곰팡이는 30℃에서 배양시키면서 균의 생육을 관찰하였다. 그 결과를 표 1에 나타내었다.The method of the present invention will be described in detail. The frozen testis is thawed at room temperature and then crushed to extract protamine with 2-5 times the volume of 0.1-1.0N hydrochloric acid and ammonia water is added to the extract to pH 3.0-4.0. Adjust and add sodium metaphosphate to a concentration of 0.5-5.0% (w / v) to precipitate protamine phosphate. The precipitate is obtained by filtration and dissolved by raising the temperature by adding the precipitate to a 1-2M ammonium sulfate solution. After several hours, when the temperature reaches 70-80 ℃, it is filtered while maintaining the temperature to obtain a transparent extract, and when left for 24 hours to 48 hours at a low temperature below 10 ℃, protamine sulfate precipitates and the precipitate is freeze-dried to obtain white Got it. The antibacterial activity of the produced protamine sulfate was investigated. A medium suitable for the growth of various strains was taken in a test tube to add protamine at a predetermined concentration to a final 5 ml. 50 μl of the bacteria was inoculated, and the growth of the bacteria was observed while gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and lactobacillus were cultured at 37 ° C., and lactococci, yeast, and fungi at 30 ° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
[표 1] 프로타민의 항균력 실험[Table 1] Antimicrobial activity of protamine
비고 : ++ : 생육양호, + : 생육함, ± : 약간생육함, - : 생육하지 못함Remark: ++: Good growth, +: Growth, ±: Slight growth,-: Not growing
위에서 나타낸 바와같이, 각각의 균이 자리가 좋은 배지를 만들어 이 배지에 약간의 균을 접종하여 적당한 운동에서 생육하도록 한다. 이때 각 시험관에 프로타민 황산염을 일정농도로 넣어주어 생육이 되는지를 관찰한 결과를 위표에 나타낸 것이다. 예로서, 바실러스 서브틸리스는 프로타민 황산염이 없는 시험관(0ppm)에서는 생육이 좋으나(++), 프로타민 황산염 200ppm의 시험관에서는 약간만 생육하고 (±), 프로타민 황산염의 농도가 400ppm의 시험관에서는 바실러스 서브틸리스가 양육하지 못함을(-)나타낸다.As indicated above, each fungus produces a well-placed medium, which is inoculated with a few germs to grow in the appropriate movement. At this time, put the protamine sulfate in each test tube at a certain concentration and show the results of the observation in the table above. For example, Bacillus subtilis grows well in test tubes without protamine sulfate (0 ppm) (++), but only slightly in test tubes of 200 ppm protamine sulfate (±), and in test tubes with a concentration of protamine sulfate 400 ppm, (-) Indicates no parenting.
[실시예 1]Example 1
냉동된 참치의 정소 1kg을 하루밤 동안 방치하여 해동시킨 후, 잘게 파쇄하여 0.5N염산을 2.5L가한다. 이 액을 상온에서 2시간 동안 교반하면서 추출하고 추출액을 여과하여 프로타민 추출액을 얻는다. 이 프로타민 추출액을 암모니아수로 pH를 3.0-4.0으로 조정하고 여기에 25g의 메타인산염을 교반하면서 첨가하여 하루밤 동안 방치한다. 침전물을 얻어 2M 황산 암모늄 용액 500ml에 녹이면서 온도를 가하여 75℃가 되도록 한다. 이 온도를 유지하면서 여과하여 맑고 투명한 액을 얻은 후 4℃에서 방치한다. 24시간 방치하면 프로타민 황산염이 침전하는데 침전물을 얻어 동결건조하면 10g의 프로타민 황산염을 얻을 수 있다.1 kg of frozen tuna samples are left to thaw overnight, and then crushed to 2.5 L of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid. The solution is extracted with stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, and the extract is filtered to obtain a protamine extract. The protamine extract was adjusted to 3.0-4.0 with ammonia water, and 25 g of metaphosphate was added thereto with stirring to stand overnight. A precipitate was obtained, dissolved in 500 ml of a 2M ammonium sulfate solution, and then heated to 75 ° C. Filtration was carried out while maintaining this temperature, and a clear and clear liquid was obtained and left at 4 ° C. If left for 24 hours, protamine sulfate precipitates, and the precipitate is obtained and lyophilized to give 10 g of protamine sulfate.
얻어진 프로타민 황산염을 아미노산 분석한 결과 아르기닌이 55.3%를 차지하는 등 아르기닌, 프롤린, 라이신, 트레오닌, 발린, 세린, 시스테인이 전체의 98.5%를 차지하며 티로신, 페닐알라닌, 트립토판을 존재하지 않는다. 프로타민은 이 세가지의 아미노산을 포함하지 않는 특성을 가지고 있어서 280nm에서 흡광하지 못하며, 첨부도면에서와 같이 자외선흡광스펙트럼을 실시했을때 흡광 피크를 나타내지 않고 있어서 이종 단백질이 존재하지 않음을 보여준다. 따라서 순도가 높은 프로타민 황산염을 얻었다.As a result of amino acid analysis of the obtained protamine sulfate, arginine accounted for 55.3%, and arginine, proline, lysine, threonine, valine, serine, and cysteine accounted for 98.5% of the total, and no tyrosine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan existed. Protamine does not contain any of these three amino acids, so it does not absorb at 280 nm, and as shown in the accompanying drawings, it does not show an absorption peak when subjected to ultraviolet absorption spectrum, indicating that there is no heterologous protein. Thus, high purity protamine sulfate was obtained.
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KR1019910020606A KR930008087B1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1991-11-19 | How to separate protamine sulfate from testis of tuna |
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KR1019910020606A KR930008087B1 (en) | 1991-11-19 | 1991-11-19 | How to separate protamine sulfate from testis of tuna |
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