KR850001335B1 - The method for treatment of wastewater include heavy metal - Google Patents
The method for treatment of wastewater include heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- KR850001335B1 KR850001335B1 KR1019810002553A KR810002553A KR850001335B1 KR 850001335 B1 KR850001335 B1 KR 850001335B1 KR 1019810002553 A KR1019810002553 A KR 1019810002553A KR 810002553 A KR810002553 A KR 810002553A KR 850001335 B1 KR850001335 B1 KR 850001335B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
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Abstract
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Description
본 발명은 중금속을 함유한 폐수의 처리방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals.
종래로부터 중금속을 함유한 폐수의 처리방법으로서 폐액에 알칼리를 첨가하여 폐액중에 중금속수산화물을 생성시키고, 이것을 제거하는 방법이 가장 잘 알려져왔다. 그러나 수산화물은 재용출하기 쉽고, 폐기에 수반되는 2차공행의 위험성이 대단히 컸다.Conventionally, as a method for treating wastewater containing heavy metals, alkali is added to the waste liquid to generate a heavy metal hydroxide in the waste liquid, and a method of removing it is most well known. However, hydroxides are easy to re-dissolve, and the risk of secondary airing accompanied by disposal is very high.
이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 폐액중의 중금속을 강자성 산화물인 페라이트주에 거두어들여 폐수로부터 중금속을 분해하는 방법이 제안되고, 현재 이러한 방법이 실용화되고 있다.In order to solve this problem, a method of decomposing heavy metals from wastewater by collecting heavy metals in the waste liquid into ferritic ferrite, which is a ferromagnetic oxide, has been proposed.
상기 방법은 중금속을 함유한 액중에 소정량의 제1철염을 첨가하고, 또 폐액을 알칼리성으로 유지하고 공기등의 산화성 가스를 취입하여 제1철 이온을 산화시켜서 중금속을 거두어들인 페라이트를 생성시키는 것이다.The method involves adding a predetermined amount of ferrous salt to a liquid containing heavy metals, keeping the waste liquid alkaline and blowing an oxidizing gas such as air to oxidize ferrous ions to produce ferrites with heavy metals. .
이러한 방법에 의한 생성물은 극히 안정하고 재용출하기 어려우며 폐기에 수반되는 2차공해의 위험성이 적어 대단히 바람직한 처 리방법이라 하겠다.The product by this method is extremely stable, difficult to re-dissolve, and it is a very desirable treatment method because of the low risk of secondary pollution associated with disposal.
그러나 상기 방법으로 공기등의 산화성 가스를 취입하여 제1철 이온을 산화시키는 경우에 반응온도가 낮으면, 페라이트의 생성이 어렵게 되거나 생성한 페라이트의 입경이 작게 되어 고상과 액상의 분리가 어렵기 때문에 일반적으로 액을 가열한 상태에서 산화반응을 행하는 것이 바람직하게 여겨져, 종래는 처리액을 가열하기 위하여 여분의 잔손질이 필요하였다.However, if the reaction temperature is low in the case of oxidizing ferrous ions by blowing oxidizing gas such as air by the above method, it is difficult to form ferrite or the particle size of the formed ferrite becomes small, which makes it difficult to separate solid phase and liquid phase. In general, it is preferable to perform the oxidation reaction in a state where the liquid is heated, and conventionally, extra residues are required to heat the treatment liquid.
이에따라 상기한 단점을 개량한 것으로서, 폐수를 가열할 필요가 없는 즉, 폐수를 거의 그대로의 온도에서 중금속을 처리하는 방법이 제안되었다.Accordingly, as a remedy of the above disadvantages, a method of treating heavy metals at a temperature at which the wastewater does not need to be heated, i.e., the wastewater has been proposed.
이러한 방법은 제1철 이온과 알칼리를 첨가한 폐수를 공기중에서 조용히 교반함으로써 상온에서 입경이큰 페라이트를 생성시키는 것이다.This method is to produce ferrite having a large particle size at room temperature by quietly stirring the wastewater containing ferrous ions and alkali in air.
그러나 상기방법은 처리시간이 대단히 길게 된다고 하는 난점이 있었다.However, this method has a problem that the processing time becomes very long.
본 발명은 이러한 폐해를 개선하고 폐액중의 중금속을 상온에서 단시간에 처리하는 방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention is to provide a method for ameliorating such damages and treating the heavy metals in the waste liquid in a short time at room temperature.
즉, 본 발명은 조내에 제1철염 및 알칼리를 함유한 유해중금속 함유폐수를 충진하고, 이 액을 균일하게 교반하면서 조내의 액중에 기포를 발생시키지 않고 제1철 이온을 양극산화시켜 제2철 이온을 발생시키고 폐수중의 유해금속을 거두어들인 폐라이트를 생성하여 폐수중의 유해중금속을 제거하는 것을 특징으로 하는 것이다.That is, the present invention is filled with wastewater containing ferrous salt and alkali containing ferrous salt in the tank, and while stirring the liquid uniformly, anodized ferrous ions without generating bubbles in the liquid in the tank to ferric iron It is characterized by removing the harmful heavy metals in the wastewater by generating waste light generating ions and harvesting the harmful metals in the wastewater.
본 발명의 방법에 따르면, 액중의 제1철 이온은 액면이 접촉하고 있는 산화성가스에 의해 산화될 뿐만 아니라 양극에서 전해에 의해 산화되어 제2철 이온으로 되고, 발생된 제2철 이온과 잔존하고 있는 제1철 이온은 알칼리용액중에서 페라이트를 생성하며, 반응을 계속하는 중에 새롭게 생성되는 페라이트는 먼저 생성된 페라이트를 핵으로서 폐수중의 중금속이온을 거두어들이면서 핵페라이트상에 석출시켜 점차 입성장을 행하여 최종적으로 입경이 큰 강자성 침전물을 단시간에 생성하는 것이다.According to the method of the present invention, ferrous ions in the liquid are not only oxidized by the oxidizing gas with which the liquid surface is in contact, but also oxidized by electrolysis at the anode to become ferric ions, and remain with the generated ferric ions. Ferrous ions present in ferrite are produced in the alkaline solution, and while the reaction continues, the newly produced ferrite is first formed as a nucleus, and the heavy metal ions in the wastewater are collected and precipitated on the nucleus ferrite. In the end, a ferromagnetic precipitate having a large particle size is produced in a short time.
본 발명의 방법에 있어서 액의 교반은 페라이트의 생성 및 침전의 이성장을 도모하는 것인데, 강자성 침전물을 얻기 위해서는 불가결이지만 교반속도를 산화성 가스가 외부로부터의 취입되지 않을 정도로 하는 것이 바람직하다.In the method of the present invention, the agitation of the liquid is intended to promote the growth of ferrite and precipitation, but it is indispensable to obtain a ferromagnetic precipitate, but the stirring speed is preferably such that the oxidizing gas is not blown from the outside.
또 본 발명의 방법에 있어서 제1철 이온은 양극에 발생하는 것으로 여겨지는 발생기의 산소에 의해 산회되어 제2철 이온이 생성되지만, 제1철 이온은 양극전위가 높게 되었을 때 발생하는 산소가스에 의해서도 산화도어 제2철 이온으로 된다. 그러나 입경이 큰 페라이트를 생성하기 위해서는 액중에 기포를 발생시키는 가스상의 산소공급은 바람직하지 않다.In addition, in the method of the present invention, ferrous ions are dispersed by oxygen of a generator which is thought to be generated at the anode, so that ferric ions are produced, but ferrous ions are formed in oxygen gas generated when the anode potential becomes high. Also becomes ferric oxide ions. However, in order to produce ferrite with a large particle diameter, the gaseous oxygen supply that generates bubbles in the liquid is not preferable.
예로서 외부로부터 공기등의 산화성 가스를 취입하는 산화방법에 의해 상온에서 생성되는 침전물이 입경은 현저하게 작고, 실용화가 곤란하다. 따라서 본 발명에서는 양극에 산소가스가 발생하기 어려운 전극 즉, 산화관전압이 높고 또 용출하기 어려운 전극을 이용해서 액중에 기포를 발생시키지 앝고 제1철 이온을 양극산화하는 것이 필요하다.For example, the precipitate produced at room temperature by the oxidation method which blows in an oxidizing gas such as air from the outside is remarkably small in particle size, and practically difficult to use. Therefore, in the present invention, it is necessary to anodize ferrous ions without generating bubbles in the liquid by using an electrode which is hard to generate oxygen gas in the anode, that is, an electrode having a high oxidation tube voltage and difficult to elute.
이러한 목적에 따르면 전극으로서는 백금전극이나 납전극등이 적당하다. 또 전극에는 주로 수소가스가 발생하지만, 발생하는 수소가스가 페라이트 생성에 미치는 영향은 보이지 않는다. 또 전해전압은 가능한 낮게 하여 양극에서 산소가스의 발생을 적게하는 것이 바람직한데, 이에 따라 처리수는 용질농도가 높은대로 희석하지 않고 처리하는 편이 좋다. 또 전극면적을 크게 하여 전해전압을 높이고, 전해전류를 크게 하여 처리시간을 단축할 수 있다.According to this purpose, a platinum electrode or a lead electrode is suitable as the electrode. In addition, although hydrogen gas is mainly generated in the electrode, the effect of the generated hydrogen gas on the ferrite formation is not seen. In addition, it is desirable that the electrolysis voltage is as low as possible to reduce the generation of oxygen gas at the anode. Accordingly, the treated water should be treated without dilution as the solute concentration is high. In addition, the electrode area can be increased to increase the electrolytic voltage, and the electrolytic current can be increased to shorten the processing time.
이하 본 발명을 실시예를 참조하여 더욱 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
[실시예]EXAMPLE
1l의 비이커내에 외경 6,5cm 폭 2.5cm, 두께 1mm의 납링을 매달아 이것을 양극으로 하고, 이 링의 중앙에 외경 2cm, 폭2.5cm, 두께 1mm의 납링을 매달아 이것을 음극으로 했다.A 1 mm beaker was hung with a 6,5 cm wide, 2.5 cm wide, 1 mm thick lead ring to form an anode, and a 2 mm, 2.5 cm wide, 1 mm thick ring was hung in the center of the ring to form a cathode.
상기 비이커에 Zn2+, Ni2+을 각각 200ppm 및 150ppm씩 함유하는 중금속함유폐수 300ml를 첨가하고, 황상 제1철 0.03몰을 용해한 다음, 가성소오다를 첨가하여 pH9.5로 유지했다.300 ml of heavy metal-containing wastewater containing 200 ppm and 150 ppm of Zn 2+ and Ni 2+ , respectively, was added to the beaker, 0.03 mol of ferrous sulfate was dissolved, and caustic soda was added to maintain pH 9.5.
이 액을 자석젓개로 교반하고 직류전류 300mA의 정전류전해를 행하여 산화시켰다.The solution was stirred with a magnetic straw and oxidized by constant current electrolysis with a direct current of 300 mA.
산화반응의 종점은 산화환원전위가측으로부터측으로 급격히 변화하는 시점으로 하고, 반응개시때로부터 반응종점까지의 경과시간을 산화시간으로 했다.The end point of the oxidation reaction is the redox potential From the side The elapsed time from the start of the reaction to the end of the reaction was regarded as the oxidation time.
또 본 발명의 효과를 검토하기 위하여 조내에 전류를 흐르지 않게 하고 자석젓개의 교반만으로써 제1철이온을 산화시키는 경우에 있어서도 합쳐서 검토했다.In order to examine the effects of the present invention, the present invention was also studied in a case where the ferric ion was oxidized by only stirring the magnetic straw without allowing a current to flow through the tank.
검토결과는 하기와 같았다.The results of the review were as follows.
이상 표시한 바와같이 어느 방법에 의해서도 입경이 큰 페라이트를 상온에서 얻을 수 있었고 또 액중의 중금속을 제거할 수 있었다.As indicated above, ferrite having a large particle size was obtained at room temperature by any method, and heavy metals in the liquid could be removed.
또 액중의 잔존금속농도를 원자흡광분석법으로 분석했지만 어느 것이나 중금속농도는 검출한계 이하였다. 그리고 본 발명의 바업에 의하지 않는(무전해의)방법과의 비교에서 명확한 바와같이 본발명의 방법에의하면 산화시간을 현저하게 단축할 수 있었더.The residual metal concentration in the liquid was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, but the heavy metal concentration was below the detection limit. And as apparent from the comparison with the non-electrolyte method of the present invention, the method of the present invention significantly reduced the oxidation time.
또 음극에서 발생하는 수소가스를 회수할 목적이나, Ag, Cu등의 이온화 경향이 작은 음극에 석출하기 쉬운 이온을 페라이트 침전물에 거두어들이는 데에는 격막을 사용하는 것이 유효하다.It is also effective to use a diaphragm for the purpose of recovering hydrogen gas generated from the cathode, and for collecting ions, which tend to be deposited on the cathode having a small ionization tendency, such as Ag or Cu, to the ferrite precipitate.
즉, 이러한 방법은 전해조를 격막으로 양극실과 음극실로 구분하고, 양극실내에 제1철염 및 알칼리를 포함한 유해중금속함유폐수를 첨가하고 음극실내에는 염수나 가성소오다, 망초(Glauber's salt)등 알칼리 용액드의 전해질액을 첨가하며, 양극실내의 액을 균일하게 교반하면서 전해조내에 전류를 흐르게 하고 제1철 이온을 양극산화시켜 페라이트를 생성하는 것이다. 격막으로서는 전기저항이 가능한 작고 막두께가 얇은 다공성의 균일한 것이 적합한데, 다공성의 유기수지막을 예로 들 수 있다.That is, this method divides the electrolytic cell into a cathode chamber and a cathode chamber, adds noxious heavy metal-containing wastewater including ferrous salt and alkali to the anode chamber, and alkaline solution such as brine, caustic soda, and Glauber's salt in the cathode chamber. Is added to the electrolyte solution, a current is flowed in the electrolytic cell while uniformly stirring the liquid in the anode chamber, and the ferrite is produced by anodizing ferrous ions. As a diaphragm, the thing of the porosity and the uniformity of the porosity where the electric resistance is small and thin film thickness is suitable, For example, a porous organic resin film is mentioned.
본 실시예에 의할때는 음극에서 수소의 발생에 의한 폐액의 기포발생을 방지하고, 제1철이온의 산화를 효과적으로 행할 수 있으며, 수소가스를 회수하여 유효하게 이용할 수 있다.According to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent bubble generation of the waste liquid due to the generation of hydrogen at the cathode, to effectively oxidize ferrous ions, and to recover hydrogen gas effectively.
본 발명에서 이용하는 제1철염에는 실시예에 표시한 황상 제1철 이외의 제1철염을 이용해도 본 발명의 효과는 변함없지만, 철판을 산세하고, 산화티타늄을 제조할 때의 부산물로서 대량 발생하는 염화제1철이나 황산제1철을 이용하는 편이 경제적으로도 또 산업폐기물의 유효하게 이용하는 면으로도 바람직하다.Although the effects of the present invention are not changed to the ferrous salts used in the present invention, the ferrous salts other than the sulfuric ferrous iron shown in the examples are not changed, but a large amount of by-products are produced by pickling iron plates and producing titanium oxide. It is preferable to use ferrous chloride or ferrous sulfate in terms of economical and effective use of industrial waste.
Claims (1)
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP96547 | 1980-07-15 | ||
JP9654780A JPS5721983A (en) | 1980-07-15 | 1980-07-15 | Treating method for waste water containing heavy metal |
JP80-96547 | 1980-07-15 |
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KR830006119A KR830006119A (en) | 1983-09-17 |
KR850001335B1 true KR850001335B1 (en) | 1985-09-19 |
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CN104355382B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-08-24 | 太原市润民环保节能有限公司 | Medicament for removing heavy metal ions in water and preparation method thereof |
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JPS5367956A (en) * | 1976-11-29 | 1978-06-16 | Kobayashi Kagaku Kk | Method of removing detrimental heavy metal in solution |
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1980
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