KR830001854B1 - How to Feed Multiple Grazing Animals - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

How to Feed Multiple Grazing Animals

1 is a side and partial sectional view of an embodiment of a feeding apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view along line II-II of FIG. 1;

3 to 6 are perspective views illustrating various feeding devices including the device according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a method for feeding a large number of grazing animals, in particular pigs, at their respective feeding sites in the same enclosure.

Usually many pigs of the same age are kept in the same pig cage. The feeding of these animals makes a big difference in their weight, which means they cannot be sent to the slaughterhouse at the same time. This is partly due to hereditary traits, but mainly due to competition during animal feeding, because more aggressive, fast-feeding pigs in our diets eat more feed than non-aggressive, slow-feeding pigs. This phenomenon means that each animal does not take the calculated amount of feed according to its weight, so the feeding of the feed is not optimal. In addition, our use adversely affects that slower pigs in our cages take longer than the normal time to reach slaughter weight and eat more feed than necessary during the extended growth period. Fast-feeding pigs consume more than the normal amount of feed, even though slaughter weight is reached earlier than the normal time.

Overeating the digestive system of a pig like the human digestive system is bad for the health of the pig. Feeding more feed to pigs fed and fed quickly by conventional feeding devices causes eating competitions, which are stressors and adversely affect growth.

There has been a proposal to solve the above drawback by using a feeding device having a water feeding nipple each having a plurality of feeding stations in which dry food is continuously fed according to the feeding speed of the pigs eating slowly therein. However, some pigs were found to eat too dry feeds because they could not manipulate the water supply nipple satisfactorily. And the said well-known apparatus is not able to measure the feed amount in various feeding places to a predetermined degree. Therefore, the amount of feed supplied to various catering establishments differs by more than 10%. In the above known apparatus, the feed is continuously supplied relatively slowly to various feeding sites. Therefore, pigs do not wait to start feeding the feed until they have gathered, and eat very little as the feed is fed to the feed. This is bad for pigs, especially those that eat fast, moving from one caterer to another. During animal growth, the protein content of the feed should change. In known devices this change is carried out only by changing the feed mixture at suitable time intervals. But in practice this is usually inconvenient.

The present invention is to provide a feeding method that can more accurately measure the amount of feed to each feed station, so that the pig can be robust. Thus, the present invention provides a method of feeding a large number of grazing animals at their respective catering establishments in the same ward, the method comprising feeding the feed portions to each of the feeding grounds each portion of which does not exceed several mouths during the feeding period. Feeding speed is supplied at time intervals corresponding to the predetermined eating speed of each said animal. And the time interval for feeding the next portion of the feed to each feedhouse is chosen as the just time for the animal to chew the feed. On the other hand, the time interval between feedings of the next feed section is chosen so that the animals become bored and not long enough to move to another feeding site. Feeding pigs by feeding them in small portions to the feeding center according to the method of the present invention has a psychologically beneficial effect on the animals. In other words, the animal is tuned to the next feeding rhythm and forgets its normal aggression with its neighbors. Partial feeding also makes it possible to feed each feeding station more accurately and uniformly than when fed continuously. So the feed can be measured most simply by measuring cup, chamber or the like.

According to the present invention, the time interval for supplying the next feed portion to the same feeding ground can be controlled within the same feeding period to control the eating rhythm of the pig as desired. For example, the time interval may be longer at the end of the feeding period than during the beginning of the feeding period when the pig is still hungry and impatient. Of course, the time interval may also change from one meal period to multiple meal periods, and various meal periods may be changed longer or shorter as necessary.

In addition, the feed volume of each part fed varies within certain limits. The above psychological effects cannot be achieved if each part is a feed that the pigs will take relatively short time to eat. On the other hand, each part should be enough feed for the animal to be satisfied for a while. According to the invention each part of the feed is substantially no more than one bite.

The method according to the invention is used in connection with any type of feed suitable for partial measurement. Thus, an appropriate amount of liquid may be added to the feed before the measurement. In this case, however, the feed tries to stick when it comes in contact with the wall. Therefore, dry feed is usually used, in which case an appropriate liquid portion is supplied to each feed station for each portion of the dry feed. Since the liquid is supplied in portions and not continuous, the correct amount of dry feed or liquid is present at each feeding site. The amount of liquid may also be prepared by mixing two or more different liquids before feeding them to the feeder. For example, if the liquid is a water and protein containing liquid, the mixing ratio is controlled to precisely control the supply of the protein liquid in accordance with the change in the animal's required amount.

The feeding grounds are, for example, adjacent to troughs or troughs arranged along a circle or line. As a rule, portions of the feed are fed to various feeding sites simultaneously or in a predetermined order. Indeed, the feed portion is advantageously fed to the various feeding sites by rotors that communicate with each feeding station and pass through multiple passageways or ducts. Thus, as the rotor rotates, parts of the feed are fed continuously to the various feed stations. When the rotor rotates at a constant speed, portions of the feed are fed to each feeding station with a uniform time interval, but the interval is, if necessary, the length of the interval or stop between the rotor's rotational speed and / or the next rotation of the rotor. It is changed by changing. As mentioned above, the dry feed and the liquid are separately supplied to each feed station. And dry feed contains all the feed ingredients necessary for animal growth, for example, and the liquid is water. Or dry feed is carbohydrate feed and liquid is standard nutrition and water.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the feeding apparatus of the first and second degrees, the dry feed 1 is arranged in a cylindrical feed reservoir or container 2 having a bottom plate 3 on a circular, conical or upward arch plate. The hollow distribution cone 4 is arranged centrally in the container 2 so that the lower edge 5 of the cone is disposed close up above the bottom plate 3. The feed container 2 and the cylindrical wall have a lower edge 6 located upwardly away from the bottom plate 3 to define an annular space or slot between the bottom plate 3 and the edge 6. The change direction distance between the dispensing cone 4 and the inner cylindrical wall of the container 2 is sufficient for the feed to fall by its own weight into the annular space between the cone and the container wall, at which time the feed is the bottom plate 3 and the container ( It is removed through the space between the lower edges 6 of the cylindrical wall of 2). However, the size of the latter space is so small that the feed (1) cannot flow through this space due to the weight of the feed held in the container (2) and between the bottom plate (3) and the lower edge (5) of the dispensing cone (4). Too little space. If necessary, the space may be formed by inserting a spacer member (not shown). The cylindrical wall of the feed container or reservoir 2 has a lower skirt portion 7 of increased diameter to define the annular chamber 8 together with the outer rim 3a of the bottom 3. This chamber 8 communicates with the inner space of the container 2 via a space or slot between the bottom plate 3 and the lower edge 6 of the container wall. A plurality of identical and evenly spaced openings 9 are formed in the rim 3a of the bottom plate 3 in an annular arrangement as shown in FIG.

The feeding apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 also has a rotor provided to be able to rotate about the vertical axis of the container or the feed reservoir 2. The rotor comprises a rotor arm 10 extending between the bottom plate 3 and the lower edges 5 and 6 in a radial position adjacent to the inner edge 11 of the opening 9. The rotor arm 10 rotates in the direction of the arrow of FIG. 2 and may be turned back as shown. The feed deflection wire or finger 10a having one end installed in the entire rise of the rotor arm is also radially and inwardly rotated in the rotor as shown in FIG. 2 to prevent the feed from being pushed radially inwardly below the cone 4. Elongate forward.

The rotor of the feeding device has an upwardly open liquid container 12 in which an inner end of the rotor arm 10 is fixed. The distribution container 12 has an outer cylindrical wall 12a and an inner cylindrical wall 12b disposed concentrically with the outer wall and the rotor shaft. The vertical height of the cylindrical wall 12b is slightly less than that of the outer cylindrical wall 12a, and the liquid outlet 22 in the form of an overflow passage is radially from the upper edge of the inner cylindrical wall 12b as shown in FIG. Elongate outward. The liquid is valves 15a, 16a and 15b that are manually or automatically controlled. It is supplied to the annular container space between the cylindrical walls 12a and 12b through a set of liquid supply pipes 14a and 14b provided with 16b. The rotor with the liquid dispensing container 12 and the rotor 10 is rotated by an electric motor 17 connected to the dispensing container by a shaft 13, which is controlled in the following manner.

A funnel-shaped feed duct 18 is disposed directly below each opening 9 in the bottom plate 3 and the lower end of the feed duct is formed by a tube or passage not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The trough portion of the is connected to each of the separate feeding sites of somewhat different form. This trough part is arrange | positioned by line or annular like FIG. The number of funnel-shaped liquid supply ducts 20 corresponding to the number of feeding ducts 18 is located in a substantially concentric annular arrangement with the duct 18 in the annular arrangement, and the liquid supply duct 20 is also a suitable pipe. Or it is connected to each meal hall by a passage (not shown).

The feeding duct in question is closed by inserting the closing plate 19 in a space between any feeding duct 18 and the lower edge of the skirt 7. The corresponding liquid supply jaw 20 is closed by means of a removable stopper 23 or by otherwise blocking the passage of liquid extending between the feeding device and each feeding station. Lower ends of the liquid supply pipes 14a and 14b extend downward into the upward opening of the rotating liquid dispensing container 12 between the cylindrical walls 12a and 12b. When different liquids, such as water and protein liquid, are supplied to this portion of container 12, the rotation of the containers mixes the liquids. When the liquid reaches the level of the upper end of the cylindrical wall 12b, the liquid flows into the container center and eventually out of the container 12 through the liquid outlet 22. A second upwardly fastened fixed container 26 is formed by the central bottom of the device. The inner part of the funnel-shaped liquid supply duct 20 communicates with this second container via a V-shaped notch 25 at the upper edge of the duct. When one or more liquid supply ducts 20 are closed, the liquid enters into the fixed container 26 through an associated notch 25 and then the fixed container is filled and the liquid flows out through the remaining V-shaped notches 25 and It is dispensed into another open liquid supply duct 20.

The skirt portion 7 has been provided with an outwardly extending installation member 24 provided with a screw or bolt hole for installation of the device.

The above described device works as follows. When the motor 17 is started it rotates the rotor arm 10 and the liquid dispensing container 12 together with the liquid outlet 22 at a suitable rotational speed. At the same time, the supply of the liquid through one or both of the liquid supply pipes 14a and 14b is started by the valves 15a, 16a and 15b and 16b. Rotation of the arm 10 causes a small portion of the feed placed on the bottom plate 3 to be pushed radially downward and outward through the opening 9 passed by the rotor arm over the edge 11. Continually falls through the associated feed duct 18 to the associated feeder. The liquid outlet 22 extends in the same radial direction as the rotor arm 10. Thus, when the feed portion is fed to the feeder via the associated feed feed duct 18, the liquid portion flows down through one of the liquid outlet 22 and the liquid feed duct 20. The rotation of the rotor continuously feeds the feed and liquids to the various feed stations, while the dry feed and liquid are fed to the feed stations at the same time. All feed and liquid ducts must be opened if the number of animals or pigs to be fed corresponds to the number of feeding grounds or feed ducts 18. However, if the number of animals to be fed is less than the number of feeding grounds, at least one of the feeding ducts 18 must be closed by the closing plate 19, and the corresponding liquid duct or duct 20 is stopped as described above. 23, etc., so that no dry feed or liquids are fed to unused feeding sites.

The part of the dry feed supplied to each feeding ground by each rotation of the rotor arm 10 is mainly determined by the following matters. That is, (a) the radial mutual spacing between the rear edges 5 and 6, the vertical spacing between the bottom plate 3 and each lower edge and the possible inclination of the bottom plate.

(b) Hardness of dry feed (powder or pellets) (d) Rotational speed of rotor arm

(c) the shape of the rotor arm 10

The total amount of feed fed to each feeding center during the feeding period depends on the feeding period, the rotational speed of the rotor arm and the total number of revolutions of the rotor during the feeding period.

Of the above-described elements, the length of the feeding period, the rotational speed of the rotor arm, and the number of revolutions per feeding period are selected as toilets, and the other elements are kept constant. Since the operating period and thus the feeding period of the motor 17 are controlled by, for example, an electric time switch, the total amount of feed fed to the feeding center is proportional to the length of the feeding period. The rotational speed of the rotor arm per feeding period is adjusted by controlling the motor such that the motor is stopped for a short period after each rotation. The period of operation and shutdown of the motor is controlled by, for example, a conventional electric recirculator.

The amount of liquid supplied to the pipes 14a and 14b, and hence the amount of liquid supplied to each feeding station, is controlled by the valves 15a, 15b, 16a and 16b. A valve on the liquid line, for example one of the valves 16a and 16b, is a flow restriction valve in which each feed station is adapted to receive a liquid amount of 21/2 times the amount of dry feed fed thereto, and the valve 15a And 15b are closing valves controlled by the electric control circuit of the motor 17 such that the liquid supplied through the tubes 14a and 14b stops and starts with the motor.

The functions of the motor 17 and the valves 15a, 15b, 16a and 16b alternatively provide a length of feeding period, a length of time interval for feeding a continuous feed portion to the same feeding place, It is controlled by the electronic circuit 21 which is designed to change the formulation of the feed according to the predetermined feeding schedule according to the weight of the prepared feed and / or the animal's desire. These feeding programs usually have a number of feeding periods per 24 hours, the total amount of feed per feeding period, the relationship between liquid and wet feed (ratio of measured and measured quantities of standard nutrients) and the length of each feeding period as the weight of the animal increases. To change. Thus, the ratio of the amount of liquid supplied through the tubes 14a and 14b is controlled as needed by controlling the flow restriction valves 16a and 16b, and the electronic circuit is connected to the tubes 14a and 14b. The supply of liquid to the effluent, and therefore the intermixing ratio, is designed to be adjusted to the rate found by the experiments that results in optimal growth of the animals. If necessary, electrical control circuits are used to control several feeding devices and automatically control feeding during the entire growth period of the animal. By way of example, the control circuit may also include an information program control system, such as the Texas Instruments Inc. "TI550" to control the operation of multiple feeding devices. The control circuit will also indicate, prior to each feeding period, the feed weight to be used during that period in the feeding device controlled by the circuit.

The feeding devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are used in conjunction with a suitable trough shape, the troughs being separated from adjacent feeding sites by partition walls. 3 shows an annular trough 27 having a feeding device located coaxially upright with the trough, with dry feed and liquid being fed directly into the trough section by feed ducts 18 and 20. 4 shows a conventional pig trough 29 with a linear trough 30 divided into each feed yard and FIGS. 5 and 6 show a different type of linear trough 31. In FIG. 5 two feeding devices are arranged above a single trough, and in FIG. 6 a single feeding device is used. In the apparatus shown in Figs. 4 to 6, the feeding device is positioned at the level above the trough so that the feed duct 18 is connected to the trough by the appropriate feed pipe 32, respectively, so that the inclination of the feed pipe 32 is vertical. Not too far from, less than 45 ° is advantageous. The liquid supply duct 20 of the feeding device is similarly connected to each trough part by a suitable pipe or duct not shown.

EXAMPLE

Feeding devices such as those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are installed to feed the 10 feeding sites. The radial horizontal distance between the edges 5 and 6 is about 20 mm, and the vertical distance between the bottom plate 3 and the lower edge 6 of the cylindrical wall of the container or feed reservoir 2 is about 10 mm. The circular inner edge 11 of the opening 9 has a radius of about 155 mm. When pigs with an average weight of about 50 kg are fed, each feeding period is, for example, about 15 minutes, and the dry feed is roughly ground barley. About 13 g of dry feed is supplied to each feeding station for each rotation of the rotor 10. When the motor 17 rotates at 9 rpm and stops about 4 seconds after each rotation, about 0.7 kg of dry feed weight is supplied to each feeding station during the feeding period. By the valves 16a and 16b, the liquid supply is controlled such that 2.5 times the amount of liquid of the dry feed portion is supplied to each feeding station. Water and liquid feed replenishment are supplied through the respective organs 14a and 14b, and the valves 16a and 16b are adjusted so that the liquid is supplied at a ratio of 1: 2.

The liquid feed supplement is a standard protein liquor, and the feed mix during the growing period of the animal is varied by varying the amount of liquid protein supplement, dry feed or ground barley and water, respectively. The liquid protein supplement consists, for example, of 30 parts meat-and-bone meal soup and blood. When feeding young pigs a mixture consisting of 50% of the liquid feed supplement by weight, 15% water and 35% coarsely ground barley is used.

Various modifications and variations of the embodiments shown in the drawings are possible within the scope of the invention. Thus, for example, the dry feed measuring means takes the form of a rotary discharge device whereby a predetermined amount of dry feed is discharged from the feed reservoir to each feed duct. It is also possible to arrange the feed duct along the line, and a predetermined portion of the dry feed is continuously fed there by the reciprocating feed measuring means. If all feed elements are in liquid form, the feeding device only requires a measuring means corresponding to those indicated by 12, 14, 17 and 20. And the valves 15a, 15b, 16a and 1b are arranged outside of the device. Finally, the liquid is supplied by a conventional liquid supply valve disposed in each feeding station.

Claims (1)

In a method of feeding a large number of grazing animals at each feeding market in the same ward, each portion does not exceed several minutes at a time interval in which the feeding speed to each feeding ground corresponds to a predetermined eating speed of each grazing animal. A method for feeding a large number of grazing animals, characterized in that the feed portion consists in feeding each feeding ground during the feeding period.

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