KR820000528B1 - Method of amature construction for mortor - Google Patents

Abstract

No content.

Description

Construction method of armature of electric motor

1 is a magnetic pole diagram of the stator of the stator (N, S side) and the armature of the electric motor of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a magnetic flux change by the reaction of the magnetic field of the pores in the electric motor of the present invention and the magnetic flux reaction of the inside of the armature core.

Figure 3 is a magnetic flux change by the reaction of the armature inside the rotor core and the stator core in the electric motor of the present invention.

4 is an explanatory diagram of the armature detector magnetic force induced in the main winding and the ring coil winding in the electric motor of the present invention.

5 is an explanatory view of the armature cross-magnetic force induced in the main winding and the ring coil winding of the rotor in the electric motor of the present invention.

6 is a relationship diagram between the current induced in the main winding of the stator and the ring coil winding of the stator in the electric motor of the present invention and the armature potato magnetic force.

7 is a relationship between the cross-magnetic force and the current induced in the main winding and the ring coil winding of the stator in the electric motor of the present invention.

8 is an operational state diagram of the ring coil winding of the rotor in the electric motor of the present invention,

9 is a vector diagram of the magnetic flux induced in the ring coil winding by the change of the magnetic flux by the armature reaction of the air gap in the electric motor of the present invention and the magnetic flux change inside the armature core.

10 is an explanatory diagram showing the magnetic flux generated in each part of the electric motor of the present invention.

11 is a vector diagram showing a phenomenon in which the high frequency generated in the air gap in the electric motor of the present invention is reduced.

12 is a diagram illustrating the case where the principle of the present invention is applied to a D.C motor, and is a vector diagram of current, voltage, and electromotive force.

13 is a vector diagram of current, voltage, and electromotive force as an exemplary diagram when the principle of the present invention is applied to a synchronous motor.

14 is an exemplary diagram in which the principles of the present invention are applied to an induction motor, and is a vector diagram of current, voltage, and electromotive force.

In the present invention, in order to reduce the reaction reactance caused by the armature reaction (Amature Reoction) in an electric rotary device such as an electric motor, the interference of the ring coil winding in addition to the main winding of the rotor and the stator of the electric rotating machine To prevent the leakage of magnetic flux passing through the inside of the magnetic core to the shaft of the electric motor, a nonmagnetic material is newly installed in between, so that all the magnetic flux flows to both sides of the inside of the electric magnetic core and flows inside the ring coil winding. By concentrating the magnetic flux on the coil, the magnetic flux of the trans-magnetic force generated in the ring coil winding is actually distributed evenly to the airgap so that the magnetic flux distribution becomes uniform, reducing the magnetic field magnetic force in the electric magnetic force of the void and In the motors characterized by increasing cross-magnetism and reducing armature reactions. It relates to a method of forming the motor armature to remove the reporter reaction phenomenon.

In general, in the conventional DC motor, the magnetic center and the mechanical center do not coincide at the same time by the reaction of the armature, so the position of the brushes of the motor must be changed in the opposite direction to rotation so that the spark phenomenon can be reduced. It was.

However, in the D.C motor, the present invention to be described reduces the demagnetization force of the electromotive force in spite of the magnitude of the load so that the magnetic center does not move so that the magnetic center always coincides with the mechanical center of the D.C motor.

Therefore, when the DC motor is configured as in the present invention, since the reaction of the armature does not occur, the magnetic center does not move, and the magnetic center always coincides with the mechanical center, so that there is no need to move the brushes as in the prior art. In addition, since the distortion of the main flux decreases and the flux distribution is constant, the voltage induced between each commutator segment is always kept constant, and the potato phenomenon decreases, thus increasing the effective flux. It can be increased, and due to this property, the rectification can be significantly improved.

On the other hand, in the case of applying the present invention to an AC motor, the reaction reactance in the leakage flux, which is the cause of the phase change, is reduced, the magnetic field crossing magnetic force is increased, the flux distribution of the air gap is equalized, the waveform change is reduced, and the high frequency is reduced in the air gap. The less loss, the more the power factor and the power increase.

Therefore, the present invention as described above has an object to remove the inhibiting factors in the operation of the conventional various electric rotary machine, the present invention is a loss caused by the increase of the load current of the rotor or stator of the magnetic force of the armature reaction of the air gap Another aim is to prevent this increasing phenomenon.

In general, the winding method of the electric rotating device is different from the transformer, so that the winding is wound on the slots in both circumferential directions of the stator or the rotor, thereby increasing the leakage magnetic flux, and the composite magnetic flux density of the air gap becomes uneven. It is well known that armature reaction phenomena, such as distortion of one phase, are factors that reduce efficiency and output.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional factors, the present invention winds the ring coil winding inside the rotor to generate an armature reaction waveform opposite to the void, thereby making the magnetic flux distribution state of the void uniform, thereby deforming the phase and waveform. In addition, in the conventional electric rotary machine, high frequency is generated around the main magnetic flux due to magnetic force, uneven part of the slot, electric pulsation phenomenon, and unbalance of air gap, so that loss of output and heating phenomenon occur. In order to reduce the high frequency phenomenon occurring around the main magnetic flux, in the present invention, a phenomenon in which the high frequency of the opposite waveform is generated in the ring coil winding wound inside the rotor is generated. It is canceled by canceling out the high frequency powder, and the reaction caused by the increase in the reaction of the voids is opposed to the half induced in the ring coil winding. The reaction of the band is increased to automatically eliminate the reactions generated in the voids.

Therefore, the distortion of phase or waveform in the main magnetic flux is eliminated, and the loss due to high frequency is eliminated. As a result, the efficiency, torque, and output state of the motor can be improved extremely well. When described in more detail as follows.

FIG. 1 shows the magnetic path of the magnetic pole of the motor stator and the magnetic path of the armature, A armature, B is air gap, M is the main winding wound in drum type, and L is ring type. The ring coil wound around the wire or one side of the ring coil wound (L) is wound inside the nonmagnetic material (D), and the magnetic core is installed so that the nonmagnetic material (D) is inserted between the central portion of the armature core, that is, between the rotating shafts. Many magnetic fluxes are concentrated inside the ring coil winding (L).

Φ d is the reaction magnetic flux in the air gap B, Φ d θ represents the reaction magnetic flux inside the armature core, Φ M represents the main magnetic flux of the cavity, and Φ Mθ represents the main magnetic flux inside the armature core.

The magnetic flux of the void B in the N-pole α portion becomes (ΦM + Φd), which is a combination of the main magnetic flux ΦM of the void B and the reaction magnetic flux Φd, and in the void B of the N-pole β portion The magnetic flux of is (ΦM-Φd).

Therefore, in the air gap of all N poles, a change in magnetic flux decreases in the direction of rotation (ΦM-Φd)-(ΦM + Φd) = (-2Φd). The magnetic flux change of (-2Φd) occurs in the same way as the air gap of, and the magnetic center line moves on the line a'-b 'which is opposite to the direction of rotation. The magnetic flux inside the armature core of is (ΦMθ-Φdθ) and the magnetic flux inside the armature core of β is (ΦMθ + Φdθ) so that the inside of the armature core of the pole is in the direction of rotation (ΦMB + Φdθ)-(ΦMθ-Φdθ) A magnetic flux change increased by = (+ 2Φdθ), and an increase in magnetic flux change of (+ 2Φdθ) in the direction of rotation of the armature of the entire S pole occurs, and the magnetic center line is rotated by the magnetic force inside the armature core. It moves on line '-b'.

Therefore, in the main winding, magnetic force is generated by the influence of the reaction flux change of (-2Φd) of the void, and the center of gravity of the magnetic core line becomes larger and larger along the (a'-b ') line. In the case of (+ 2Φdθ), the magnetic force is generated by the influence of the reaction flux change, and the magnetic center line becomes larger and moves along the a ″ -b ″ line as shown in FIG.

FIG. 2 shows the change of magnetic flux caused by the armature reaction of the air gap B of the electric motor and the change of the magnetic flux caused by the armature reaction inside the armature core. As the value increases, the magnetic flux changes (+ 2Φdθ) of the armature reaction inside the armature core increases and increases in the rotational direction as the load increases, so the magnetic flux is always distributed in a symmetrical state. The magnetic flux inside the voids and the core of the armature is always uniformly distributed.

FIG. 3 shows the change of the magnetic flux in the rotor core and the stator core A inside the rotor rotor core as shown in FIG. 2, and the stator changes in the same way as the magnetic flux change of (+ 2Φdθ) occurs inside the rotor core. In a motor where magnetic flux change can occur in the part (A), when the ring coil winding is wound inside the stator (A), the magnetic flux change by (+ 2Φdθ ') is generated, and the magnetic center line is a Exemplary drawing showing inducing to move on the "-b" line.

4 is a diagram showing the armature demagnetization force induced by the main winding and the ring coil winding wound on the rotor of the electric motor. The current direction induced in the conductor between b ', b "and a', a" of the rotor is shown. As indicated in the figure, the armature potato magnetic force ATd due to the current in the main winding M and the armature potato magnetic force AT'd due to the current in the ring coil winding L are opposite to each other and thus both potato magnetic force ATd (AT '). d) is offset from each other and decreases, and the magnetic flux decreases on the mechanical center line on ab line.

5 is a diagram showing the armature cross-magnetic field induced by the main winding and the ring coil winding wound on the rotor of the motor in the present invention, the main winding (M) as shown in the drawing the current direction induced in the conductor of the rotor The armature cross magnetic force (ATc) due to the electric current of and the armature cross magnetic force (AT'c) due to the current of the ring coil winding (L) are synthesized in the same direction (ATc + AT'c = AT ″ c) and synthesized AT ″ c) indicates that the output increases as it increases.

FIG. 6 shows that the currents induced in the main winding M 'and the ring coil winding L' wound on the stator of the motor affect the armature potato magnetic force of the rotor. As shown in the figure, the current direction induced by the main winding (M ') and the ring coil winding (L') is represented by the armature potato magnetic force of the rotor. It is an illustration showing that it is also possible to install a ring coil winding in the stator to further reduce the auxiliary.

FIG. 7 shows that the currents induced in the winding main winding M 'and the ring coil winding L' of the stator of the motor affect the armature cross-magnetic force of the rotor. As shown in the figure, the current direction of the main winding M 'and the current direction induced in the ring coil winding L', as shown in the drawing, This is an example showing the installation of a ring coil winding in the stator so that the armature cross-magnetic force can be further increased.

FIG. 8 shows the action of the ring coil winding of the motor rotor in the present invention, where the magnetic field magnetic flux change of (2Φ′d) is changed in the core of the armature with the magnetic field magnetic flux change (-2Φd) in the air gap of the motor. The magnetic flux (2Φ'd) of the trans-magnetic force is induced in the ring coil winding, but because of the nonmagnetic material (D) on the opposite side, it is uniformly distributed in the pores and becomes the original flux distribution of (-2Φd) in the changing pores. The effective magnetic flux that causes the waveform distortion to disappear is increased.

9 is a diagram showing the phase difference of the magnetic flux induced in the ring coil winding by the change of the magnetic field magnetic flux in the air gap of the electric motor and the magnetic flux inside the magnetic core as a vector, and the magnetic field magnetic flux change in the armature and the iron core. (+ 2Φdθ) is 90 ° behind the original magnetic field magnetic flux change (-2Φd) of the void, and the trans-magnetic force of the ring coil winding is 90 ° behind the (+ 2Φdθ) inside the armature core. The opposite of (-2Φd) of (+ 2Φ'd) is the sum of the changes so that the magnetic flux distribution is equal.

가 비자성체(D)로 인하여 전기자 철심내부(C)에 많은 전기자반작용자속변화

가 발생 링코일권선(L)내부에 형성되어 유도된 자속

이 공극(B)에 균일하게 많이 통과하여 전기자반작용자속변화

와 합성되어 균등한 자속분포를 형성할 수 있는 파형변형 즉 디스토숀(파형의 찌그러짐)이 없어지고 공극(B)의 기계적 중심선 a-b선상에는 자속이 적어져 위상변화이 적어지게 된다.FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the shape of various magnetic fluxes generated in each part of the electric motor of the present invention described in FIGS. 1 to 9 above.

Due to the nonmagnetic material (D), a lot of magnetic field magnetic flux changes in the core of the armature (C)

Generated magnetic flux generated inside the ring coil winding (L)

Electromagnetic flux changes as it passes through this void (B) more uniformly

And distortion, which can form an even magnetic flux distribution, are eliminated (distortion of the waveform), and the magnetic flux decreases on the mechanical center line ab of the air gap B, so that the phase change is reduced.

가 발생할 수 있게 되는 것이다.Therefore, the main winding (M) is induced a constant voltage as shown in the city (a), and the uncoiled voltage in the state as shown in the city (b) is induced in the ring coil winding (L) to pass through the gap (B)

Will be able to occur.

FIG. 11 is a vector showing a phenomenon in which high frequency caused by various causes in the electric motor gap of the present invention is reduced, and in general, in a conventional electric motor, magnetic force, mechanical and recesses in the air gap, unbalance of the air gap, and electrical High frequency is generated by the pulsation phenomenon, and all the losses are increased by this high frequency generation, and the motor is heated, so that the failure rate is increased, so that the effective efficiency and output are lowered, the starting characteristics are poor, and the magnetic noise is issued. Various defects such as being done are appearing. In the motor according to the present invention, when high frequency magnetic flux (-Φd) is generated in the air gap as shown in FIG. 11, the high frequency magnetic flux (-Φd) intrudes into the ring coil winding in the armature core and the magnetic flux (Φdθ in a state where the phase is delayed by 90 °. The magnetic flux is changed to), and the high frequency magnetic flux (Φ′d) is generated by the trans-magnetic force, so that the high frequency magnetic flux (-Φd) generated in the air gap is eliminated. Will be.

This example of the present invention is applied to the D and C motors (FIG. 12), synchronous motors (Synchronous motor) (FIG. 13), and induction motors (FIG. 14). Is as follows.

Example 1

)을 D,C 전동기에 가하면 전기자전류(

)에 의하여 전지자기자력(ATa)가 발생하고 계자기자력(ATp)에 의한 위상이 90°뒤진 유도기전력(

)가 유도되며 전기자 기자력(ATa)와 계자기자력(ATp)와의 합성기자력(AR_R)에 의하여 자속(Φi)가 공극에 발생한다.Figure 12 shows the relationship between the voltage, current and geomagnetism of the D and C motors as a vector when the present invention is applied to the D and C motors.

) To the D and C motors

Induced magnetic force (ATa) is generated by) and the phase induced by field magnetic force (ATp) is 90 °.

) Is induced and the magnetic flux Φ i is generated in the void by the combined magnetic force AR _R between the armature magnetizing force ATa and the field magnetic force ATp.

i)의 내부전압이 발생한다.The electromagnetic coil cancels out this magnetic flux Φ i and the electromotive force is 90 ° out of phase.

The internal voltage of i) is generated.

a=

xa)이 발생한다.In addition, the electromotive force due to the armature reaction 90 ° behind the electromagnetism (ATa)

a =

xa) occurs.

)에 전기자와 반작용에 의한 기전력(

a)가 증가되면 내부전압(

i)이 (

≒

a+

i)가 되어 단자전압(

)와 각 기전력과의 관계는,Induction voltage

) Electromotive force due to reaction with an armature

When a) is increased, internal voltage (

i) this (

≒

a +

i) to the terminal voltage (

) And each electromotive force

Becomes

a′)이 감소되고, 역기전력(

)가 (

i)상태로 상승하게 되면, 입력전류

가 저하되고 공극의 자속분포가 균등하게 되면, 각 정류자 시그멘트 사이에의 전압이 균등하여지므로서 기계적 중심점에는 자속이 없어지게 되어 감자기자력(ATd)이 감소되므로서 전기자반작용리액탄스(xa)가 적어지고 공극에 발생되는 고주파가 소거되게 되므로서 정류작용이 원활하게 되면 고주파에 의한 손실이 적어지고 주권선의 감자기자력(ATd)이 반대위상의 링코일권선의 감자기자력(AT′d)의 작용으로 감소되며 주권선의 교차기자력(ATC)와 링코일권선의 교차기자력(AT′C)는 합성되어 합성기자력(AR″C)으로 증가하므로 실질적인 D.C 전동기의 효율이 5∼10%이상 증가되어 출력이 60%이상 증가되고 수명이 배로 연장되게 되는 탁월한 효과가 있는 것이다.Therefore, as shown in the above equation, the electromotive force by the armature reaction (

a ') decreases, and back EMF (

)

When rising to i) state, input current

If the magnetic flux distribution of the voids is lowered and the voids are equal, the voltage between each commutator segment is equalized and the magnetic center is no longer at the mechanical center point, which reduces the potato magnetic force (ATd). As the high frequency generated in the air gap is reduced and the rectification action is smooth, the loss due to the high frequency decreases and the potato magnetic force (ATd) of the main winding is caused by the action of the potato magnetic force (AT′d) of the ring coil winding of the opposite phase. Since the cross-magnetic force (ATC) of the main winding and the cross-magnetic force (AT'C) of the ring coil winding are synthesized and increased to the composite magnetic force (AR ″ C), the efficiency of the actual DC motor is increased by 5-10% or more, resulting in 60 output power. It has an excellent effect of increasing more than% and doubling the life.

Example 2

)가 유도되고 인가전압으로 인한 인입전류가 전기자에 흐르며 동일 위상내에 전기자 자기력(ATa)가 발생한다.FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the current, voltage and magnetomotive force for one phase when the present invention is applied to a synchronous motor as a vector. When the current flows in the field coil, the magnetic field force (ATP) is generated. Induced voltage with 90 °

) Is induced and an incoming current due to the applied voltage flows in the armature, and the armature magnetic force ATa is generated in the same phase.

i)가 유도되고 계자기전력(ATP)를 조정하므로서 유도전압(

)가 조정되어(cosφ=1)이 되는 직류전동기와 같은 벡터를 얻을 수 있는 것이다.In addition, the magnetic flux Φ i is generated in the air gap by the combined magnetic field force ATR, which combines the field magnetic force ATP and the electric magnetic force ATa, and the magnetic flux Φ i causes the internal voltage to be applied to the armature.

i) is induced and the induced voltage (ATP) is adjusted by adjusting the ATP.

Can be adjusted to (cosφ = 1) to obtain a vector such as a DC motor.

)로 인한 위상이 90뒤지는 전기자기전력(

a)가 발생하는 것은 실시예 1의 D.C 전동기와 동일하게(

a=Ixa≒0)이 되고, 내부전압(

i)가 유도전압(

)와 동일(

i=

)하게 되므로 유도전압(

)가 내부전압(

i)로 상승하여 전기자전류(

)가 저하되고(

◎Z)가 적어져 특성이 약호하게 되고, 본 실시예의 2의 각기 전력의 관계식은 실시예 1와 경우와 같이Armature current

Phase is 90 degrees out of phase

a) occurs in the same way as the DC motor of the first embodiment (

a = Ixa ≒ 0) and internal voltage (

i) is the induced voltage (

Same as)

i =

), So the induced voltage (

) Is the internal voltage (

i) to the armature current (

) Is lowered (

(Z) decreases, the characteristic becomes weak, and the relational expression of the power of each of 2 of this Example is the same as that of Example 1.

to be.

In the second embodiment, even in the synchronous motor, the two potato magnetic forces ATd and AT'd are offset and reduced from each other in opposite directions, and the two cross magnetic forces ATC and AT'C are in the same direction and synthesized. Synthetic cross magnetic force (AT ″ C) is increased to increase the torque, and the high frequency is reduced to reduce the loss due to the high frequency, the efficiency is also increased by more than 5-7% to increase the output by about 60%.

Example 3

)을 가하면 여자전류로 인하여 계자기전력(ATP)의 회전자계의 자속(Φf)가 회전하므로 회전자와 고정자에는 기전력(

i),(

₁)이 유도되어 고정자와 회전자에는 각각 인입전류(

₁),(

₂)가 흐르며, 회전자전류(

₂)와 동일위상인 전기자기자력(ATa)가 발생하고 계자기자력(ATP)와 합성인 합성기자력(ATR)의 자속(Φi)이 공극에 발생한다.14 shows the relationship between the current voltage and the electromotive force for one phase when the present invention is applied to an induction motor as a vector.

), The magnetic flux (Φf) of the rotating magnetic field of the field magnetic force (ATP) is rotated due to the excitation current.

i), (

₁ ) is induced so that the stator and rotor

₁ ), (

₂ ), the rotor current (

₂ ) Electric magnetic force (ATa), which is in phase with, is generated, and magnetic flux (Φi) of field magnetic force (ATP) and synthetic magnetic force (ATR), which is synthetic, is generated in the voids.

i)이 유기되며, 또한 전기자기자력(ATa)보다 위상이 90°뒤지는 전기자 반작용에 의한 기전력(

a)가 유도되는 것은 실시예 1 및 2의 경우와 동일하여(

a=

₂xa≒0)이 되고 2차리액턴스는 누설리액턴스(x₂l)과 전기자반작용리액턴스(xa)로 구분되어 전기자반작용리액턴스(xa)가 감소되므로서 리액턴스가 감소되게 되며 2차전압(

₂)는The magnetic flux (Φi) generated in the air gap crosses the armature coil and has an internal electromotive force (internal voltage) that is 90 ° in phase.

i) is induced, and the electromotive force by the armature reaction, which is 90 degrees behind the electromagnetic force (ATa),

Derivation of a) is the same as that of Examples 1 and 2 (

a =

₂ xa ≒ 0) and the secondary reactance is divided into leakage reactance (x ₂ l) and electromagnetism reactance (xa).

₂ ) is

(S: slip, r ₂ : secondary resistance x ₂ l: secondary leakage flux).

a≒0)이 되고 2차전압(

₂)이 내부전압(

i)만큼 상승하여 2차역을(Cosθ₂)가 켜져서 회전자의 입력이 커져 회전자의 출력이 증가하게 된다.In the above equation, since the potato magnetic force is reduced, the electric magnetic force is about 0 (

a ≒ 0) and the secondary voltage (

₂ ) is the internal voltage (

Ascending by i) turns on the _secondary zone (Cosθ ₂ ), which increases the rotor input, increasing the rotor output.

Also, the two cross magnetic forces (ATC) and (AT'C) are combined to increase the combined magnetic force (AT'C) of the two cross magnetic forces, and the combined magnetic force increases from (ATR) to (AT'R), thus increasing the torque. do.

In the torque type T = kΦsΦa sinβ of the motor, the field magnetic force (Φs) is the magnetic flux proportional to the armature magnetic force (ATa), the potato magnetic force (ATd-AT′d ≒ 0), and the cross-magnetic force (ATC, AT′C) The torque increases due to the magnetomotive force (AT′C), and β is always maintained at 90 ° between the electric magnetic force (ATa) and the field magnetic force (ATP), so that the torque increases. will be.

, (P₂C)는 2차동손 P₂가 증가하면 S는 상대적으로 적어져 속도가 증가하게 되는 것이다〕출력이 가능한다.Also, for the output P of the motor, P = KTN, where K is a constant and the torque T increases and the speed N increases (that is, slip

, (P ₂ C) means that if the secondary loss P ₂ increases, S becomes relatively small and the speed increases].

Therefore, in the present invention, the increase in the torque decreases in proportion to the increase in the load in the conventional motor, on the contrary, the increase in the current increases, the speed decreases, and thus the increase in the current increases further. The torque is increased in proportion to the increase in load, the slip is reduced, the current increase rate is decreased, and the efficiency is increased. On the contrary, the efficiency is increased by about 4-7% and the output is increased by 30% compared with the conventional one.

In addition, the present invention reduces the high frequency, the loss by the high frequency is reduced, the temperature rise rate is lowered, the heating phenomenon is reduced, the magnetic flux distribution is uniform in the air gap, the effective magnetic speed increases, the rotation is smooth and magnetic noise (magnetic noise) This reduces the number of times and makes the starting stable and thus exhibits various characteristics such as prolonged service life.

The present invention as described above is applied to single-phase induction motors (1 °, 100V, 1HP, 4P) to compare the characteristics with those of the conventional ones as follows.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

TABLE 3

TABLE 4

As shown in (Table 1) to (Table 4), the induction motor according to the present invention has greatly increased efficiency, power consumption and no-load loss are greatly reduced as compared with the conventional, smooth rotation and high frequency during rotation It can be seen that the result that the phenomenon in which the winding is heated by the lamp, etc. is significantly reduced, so that the efficiency is further increased.

Claims (1)

As shown in the drawings and described above in the main text, a non-magnetic material provided inside the armature core and a ring coil winding on both sides of the rotor or the rotor and the stator reduce the reaction reactance caused by the armature reaction. How to configure armature.

Images