KR20250035530A - Construction Method and Device of Floor Structure in Elevator's Machine Room in Apartment Building Using Hanging Structural Method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a skeletal construction method for early opening of an elevator in a joint housing (apartment) construction project, and relates to a method of forming a floor structure by installing a steel column inside a wall of an elevator shaft on a rooftop floor, then pouring wall concrete to form a steel pile, and then suspending and fixing a deck plate of an elevator machine room floor to the pile (anchor column), and then pouring steel bars and concrete, or by extending the anchor column to form a machine room wall steel column and a roof steel beam, and then suspending a deck plate of the machine room floor to the steel beam, thereby constructing a machine room floor, thereby completing the floor early and allowing the installation of an elevator, thereby shortening the overall construction period.

Description

{Construction Method and Device of Floor Structure in Elevator's Machine Room in Apartment Building Using Hanging Structural Method}

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a steel column on a core wall and attaching a formwork (formwork, deck) to the steel column in the floor skeleton construction of an elevator machine room in an apartment complex, thereby ensuring safety and shortening the skeleton construction period, thereby shortening the overall project period.

The construction of apartment complexes begins with excavation, completion of the basement, completion of the ground floor frame work, and then finishing and interior work. During the frame work and finishing work periods, construction materials and manpower must be lifted upward, and equipment is used at this time.

As for lifting equipment, some of the elevators will be used for construction purposes, including tower cranes and temporary construction elevators (hoists, lift cars) installed on the outer walls of the skeleton.

Tower cranes lift heavy materials such as formwork gang forms, aluminum forms and rebar, and elevator hoists. Temporary construction elevators (hereinafter referred to as hoists) lift materials such as workers, cement, bricks, door frames, door panels, furniture, stone, electricity, and equipment.

The installation location of the hoist built on the outer wall of the frame should be a place where a material movement passageway is possible on the floor plan, and a place where there is no wall facing the window on the building facade and where it is possible to enter the inside of the household (such as a veranda). The number of hoists installed in one building is 2 to 3.

Construction work on the exterior wall section of the floor where the hoist stops, the material movement passage, etc. cannot be completed while the hoist is in operation, so construction is done after the hoist is removed.

The hoist installation point is when the skeleton is completed to about the 5th floor, at which height the hoist can be installed, and the dismantling point is when the skeleton is completed, most of the finishing materials are lifted, and the construction elevator is opened. Once the construction elevator is opened, materials can be lifted using the elevator, so the hoist must now be dismantled for the exterior and material passage construction.

If the opening of the elevator is delayed, the removal of the hoist is also delayed, and the finishing work of the section where the hoist is installed is also delayed. Accordingly, the finishing work of the hoist section must be started later and carried out urgently separately from the main finishing work, which has the negative effect of lowering the quality and making the overall finishing work crowded.

Therefore, the opening of the construction elevator, removal of the hoist, and finishing work on the hoist section are the most important matters during the finishing work period.

If the elevator is opened sooner, the hoist can be removed earlier and finishing work can be carried out smoothly without being pressed for time.

Therefore, the opening of the elevator is an important task that meets the remaining finishing work and completion deadline.

For example, the overall sequence of apartment construction is as follows: site opening (1 month), excavation (6 months), underground structure (4 months), above-ground structure (49th floor, 1 year), and finishing work (1 year).

When the 49th floor is completed, the 50th floor will be the rooftop, and the elevator machine room will be constructed separately on the rooftop core with a height of two floors (rooftop, machine room).

The construction method and sequence of a conventional elevator machine room are as follows.

Inside the elevator shaft (core), gangform or aluminum form is installed as a formwork, and a method of bolting it to a wall such as RCS is used as a working platform.

The exterior walls are constructed with gang form, and the interior (elevator hall, stairwell) walls are constructed with aluminum form on the standard floor and with conventional form on the rooftop floor.

The thickness of the elevator wall is 30 cm (interior wall) and 60 cm (exterior wall). The length of the wall is about 6 m and the width is about 3 m. It can accommodate two passenger elevators.

The apartment frame is poured concrete simultaneously on the top floor (e.g., the 49th floor wall and the 50th floor rooftop), which is the last generation. Next, the rooftop wall (50th floor, 3.8m high) is constructed, which is the lower floor of the two elevator machine room floors. Next, the inner gang form, aluminum form, and working platform (RCS) inside the elevator shaft are dismantled.

The reason why the 51st floor machine room wall is not constructed with the above form and is being dismantled is because once the machine room floor is constructed, it cannot rise any further and will be trapped inside the shaft.

Next, the elevator machine room floor is constructed. To install the machine room floor, the floor formwork must be installed and the support bars to support the formwork must be installed.

At this time, the elevator shaft has an empty space of about 160m down to the basement, like a chimney, and a floor for installing the elevator must be formed near the top floor.

First, make holes on the left and right sides of the wall, insert pipes, etc. into the holes, and construct horizontal materials. After constructing flooring materials such as plywood on top of it, install the slab, and create a machine room formwork on top of it to form a slab. After that, dismantle the slab, flooring materials, pipes, etc. below.

Therefore, the process of constructing the machine room slab has the problem of a high risk of falling because work must be done in the empty space of the elevator shaft.

Once the machine room floor is cured, a support is installed on top of it and the elevator machine room wall (floor height 3.4 m) and machine room roof are constructed.

Once the machine room roof concrete has cured, the siding inside the machine room is dismantled. Then, the machine room space is created and the elevator installation work begins.

To install piano wires and ropes that run from the floor of the machine room to the basement, more than 10 holes are drilled into the floor of the machine room.

The hoist (elevator motor) is installed on the floor of the machine room, and is lifted from the first floor to the rooftop by a tower crane, then moved diagonally through the inlet (window) of the machine room wall and lowered. A chain block is hung on a hook embedded in the ceiling of the machine room, and the hoist is lifted and placed in place.

After the construction of the last generation on the 49th floor, it takes 30 to 45 days to complete the above process (50th floor rooftop wall ~ mechanical room roof and construction materials arrangement). This is because the elevator machine room, elevator hall, and two floors of the stairwell must be constructed using the conventional method (Euroform, donbari, slab curing period).

When the work including the mechanical room skeleton construction, parapet wall skeleton construction, roof waterproofing construction, solar power facility installation, dismantling of the external wall construction scaffold (RCS (Rail Climbing System)), dismantling of the core internal work scaffold (RCS), installation of the elevator traction machine, and unloading of the formwork and building materials to the first floor is completed, the tower crane is dismantled.

After the elevator construction begins, it takes about 90 days to complete, and the work order is as follows. In order to specify the vertical and horizontal positions between the basement and the machine room (approximately 170m high), two templates are installed in the pit (shaft basement floor) and the machine room. The template is a tool that specifies the positions of piano wire (steel wire), guide rail, rope, etc. for specifying the upper and lower positions.

A piano wire is lowered into the underground pit through a hole drilled in the floor of the machine room, and a weight is hung at the end to create a vertical line.

In the machine room, a hoisting rope is lowered, a car is built on the rope in the pit, and workers climb up to install guide rails, door frames, etc.

Test run the elevator through final selection and commissioning.

And some of the elevators are opened and used for construction purposes. Then, the hoist installed on the outer wall is dismantled over a period of about 10 days. Then, after the completion of the top 49th floor, the hoist section will be organized in about 5 months, including 45 days for the machine room, 90 days for the elevator installation, and 10 days for the hoist dismantling. After that, the 49-floor hoist section line must be finished.

Completion is 10 months to 1 year after the top floor frame is completed, and all construction will be completed approximately 2 months after completion, with the remaining 2 months being for fire inspections and occupant inspections.

Therefore, the construction will proceed in the following order: completion of the frame up to the 49th floor of the apartment (starting point 0), completion of the frame of the elevator machine room (1.5 months), opening of the elevator (3 months), dismantling of the hoist (0.3 months), finishing work on the hoist section (5 months), fire inspection and occupant inspection (2 months). Completion will occur approximately 10 months to 1 year after the completion of the frame.

Here, the period for finishing work on the hoist section (5 months) is on the short side, so the period for other tasks needs to be shortened, but since it is difficult to shorten them all, it is necessary to shorten the period for completing the elevator machine room frame (1.5 months).

The following is a look at the traditional construction methods and the period required to complete the elevator machine room skeleton (1.5 months).

The last generation on the 49th floor is to construct the 49th floor walls and the 49th floor roof (50th floor floor, 3.0m high). Next, the rooftop walls above it are constructed in two stages (10 days required, 3.8m high), and then the gang form and RCS footing inside the elevator shaft are dismantled (2 days) and lowered to the 1st floor. Next, the machine room floor is constructed (5 days) and cured (7 days).

After curing, the ridgepole is installed and the walls and roof of the machine room are constructed (10 days), and then cured (10 days). After that, the ridgepole and formwork inside the machine room are dismantled (5 days) to secure the machine room space. In total, this takes about 45 days. Since the machine room cannot use system form and uses conventional formwork, and the ridgepole cannot be installed on the lower floor, it takes time, and the procedure is complicated because it includes the process of installing and dismantling the ridgepole after curing.

As mentioned above, the elevator machine room construction belongs to the critical path (main process line) that determines the construction period of the entire project. If the machine room construction period is shortened, the entire construction period is shortened, and if the construction period is extended, the construction period is extended or the finishing work must be done quickly.

As mentioned above, conventional elevator machine room construction has the following problems, including the complex and time-consuming construction process.

In order to construct the machine room floor, a structure to support the floor formwork is required. To this end, if the slab is supported on the working platform (RCS) inside the shaft, the working platform is bolted to the wall, so it must be able to withstand the load of the slab, the load of the machine room floor, and the load during construction.

If not, there is a risk of falling to the basement. After constructing the machine room floor, a winch or similar must be used to hang the working platform (RCS) and bring it down to the lower floor, which is also a very dangerous task.

When drilling a hole in the shaft wall, forming a beam using a pipe, laying plywood, and supporting the slab on top of it, this must be done in the air inside the shaft, and there is a risk of falling (workers) or dropping (materials) during dismantling or dismantling.

When constructing brackets and L-angles on a wall using a scaffold (RCS) and then constructing a deck plate on top of them, they must be bolted to the wall and have a structure that can withstand the load. If the deck plate is not secured to the wall, there is a risk of it falling off. After the floor is completed, the brackets and angles must be dismantled when installing the elevator.

Otherwise, the brackets and angles will have to be fixed to the wall for 40 years and may rust and fall off after a long time.

The hoist is lifted by a tower crane and dragged diagonally through the equipment introduction port (1.4m*1.4m) on the wall of the machine room. Then, the hoist is installed to the lower steel beam of the hoist and the hoist using chain blocks, etc. through rings embedded in the ceiling slab. Since the hoist must be moved and installed to the center of the machine room by manpower, there is a safety risk.

In work requiring more than 10 holes to be drilled in the machine room floor, there is a risk of the concrete cores falling if coring is done after pouring the floor concrete.

When constructing a machine room roof using a slab, the construction period is longer because the elevator construction must wait until the roof slab is cured and the slab is dismantled. In addition, when pouring concrete for the machine room and stairwell together (constructing the entire core in the same manner), the construction period is further extended.

The construction sequence of the conventional elevator machine room is as follows.

1. Construction of the top floor wall frame (49th floor wall and 50th floor floor)

2. Rooftop wall construction (50th floor wall) - Pre-construction of holes for support beams (wall)

3. Dismantle the inner gang form (alform) and work platform (using a tower crane) - a void is created.

4. Installation of support beams and support plates (rooftop (50th floor) floor level) - floor leading to the rooftop

5. Rooftop floor bunk installation (50th floor ~ 51st floor (machine room floor))

6. Machine room floor (51st floor) concrete (formwork, rebar on machine room floor) - Machine room floor completed

*7. Concrete curing of the machine room floor (51st floor)

8. Installation of a siding inside the machine room (51st floor ~ 52nd floor (machine room floor ~ ceiling))

Machine room walls and roof - Reinforcement and formwork work carried out simultaneously

9. Machine room ceiling slab concrete (formwork, rebar on machine room ceiling) - Machine room completed

10. Curing of concrete ceiling slab in machine room

11. Dismantle the inner and outer formwork of the machine room.

12. Bringing it into the elevator machine room (after the tower crane is lifted, it is brought in by guiding it at an angle through the window, making it difficult to bring it in)

13. Start of elevator installation (90 days until opening)

Therefore, the present invention seeks to devise a new method for simplifying the elevator machine room construction process and shortening the period.

Application No. 10-2011-0048569, Applicant Daesan CSA Co., Ltd., Pit segmentation structure for high-rise elevator pit Application No. 10-2002-0021093 (April 18, 2002), Applicant Bong-gil Han, Construction method of high-rise building structure with steel-reinforced concrete structure

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The present invention is to simplify and ensure the safety of the elevator machine room skeleton construction method of an apartment complex and to shorten the construction period. The method comprises forming a steel column or steel beam on the upper part of the machine room floor, and then constructing a floor formwork (deck plate) by hanging it from the column or beam with wire or the like, thereby forming a floor using a non-supporting method.

After installing anchor steel columns on the upper part of the rooftop wall from the top floor (49th floor), pour the rooftop concrete and install at least four anchor steel columns (piles) higher than the rooftop frame and the machine room floor.

Remove the shaft inner foam, gang foam, and working platform (RCS) upwards.

The deck plate is hung from the above anchor column using wire, etc., and the machine room floor formwork is fixed.

Or, after installing a steel beam on the above anchor column, a deck plate is hung with wire, etc. to secure the machine room floor formwork.

Or, after additionally extending the steel column to the above anchor column and installing the steel beam for the roof of the machine room, a deck plate is hung from the steel beam using wire, etc. to secure the machine room floor formwork.

Once the deck plate is fixed to the machine room floor, floor reinforcement is laid and concrete is poured to complete the machine room floor frame.

The hoist and lower steel beam are lowered to the machine room floor using a tower crane.

After constructing the external gang form of the machine room wall, the wall and roof reinforcement, and the internal wall formwork, the machine room wall roof concrete is poured.

Elevator installation work begins.

The rooftop ~ machine room construction period, which used to take about 45 days with conventional construction methods, has been shortened to a few days. The entire construction period of the project has been shortened by more than a month (e.g., from 40 months to 39 months).

From an economic perspective, since multiple hoists can be dismantled early, the cost of hoist rental is reduced, and the finishing work on each floor of the hoist section can be started early, shortening the construction period or ensuring quality.

The roof construction work will be completed early, which will allow for the early dismantling of several CPB (concrete placing machines) and tower cranes, which are expensive rental equipment.

The air is shortened, reducing the financial cost of the entire apartment project.

Tenants move in early and quickly experience a happy life.

The on-site working period of employees of construction companies, framing companies, numerous finishing companies, and electrical installation companies is reduced, reducing labor costs and on-site management costs.

Since the machine room floor uses a deck plate, there is no need for a support underneath. There is no need to install or dismantle the floor material, support, or slab formwork inside the rooftop shaft, which saves time and eliminates safety hazards.

Since no anchors, brackets, or angles are installed on the lower walls of the machine room floor, there is no risk of falling due to later dismantling or rust.

*Because the machine room floor uses a deck plate, there is no need for support under the machine room and inside the shaft, and thus material lifting, installation, and dismantling work are eliminated.

The risk of falling accidents due to working in the empty space of the elevator shaft to install support (support pipe, support plate) to form the machine room floor is eliminated.

Since materials and workers do not enter the lower part of the machine room floor, the floor can be constructed safely and quickly.

The deck plate is suspended using steel columns or steel beams connected to steel columns that are strongly fixed and embedded in the wall, and the deck plate is supported at multiple points, so there is no risk of falling, dropping, or detachment.

Since the location of the machine room floor hole can be accurately determined from the location of the steel columns or steel beams inside the wall, the hole sleeve can be fixed in the exact location and the floor reinforcement construction method can also be clearly established.

Fall arrest nets can be installed inside the shaft by fixing them to anchor steel columns using wire or rope.

If a safety railing or safety rope is installed using a steel column, it is secured as a safety facility.

Workers can wear safety belts attached to steel beams to prevent falls.

Since there is no need for machine room floor supports, there is no need to wait for the concrete of the machine room roof to cure, allowing the machine room space to be formed and the most important elevator traction machine to be installed early.

The hoist motor and lower steel beam can be placed vertically in place using a tower crane, reducing the risk of safety accidents. The hook installed on the machine room roof steel beam can be used early, allowing the hoist to be installed in place early, thus accelerating the start of elevator installation.

Accurately constructing sleeves for machine room floor holes on deck plates speeds up elevator installation (lowering templates, piano wires, etc.).

If the machine room steel structure is assembled on the ground and then lifted and installed using a tower crane, the machine room steel structure can be completed safely and quickly.

Figure 1 is a core plan view.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the elevator wall.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the 49th floor, rooftop, and elevator machine room floors.
Figure 4 is an example of a work classification system for a method of hanging a deck on an anchor column according to the present invention.
Figures 5 and 6 are examples of process charts of a method for hanging a deck on an anchor column according to the present invention.
Figure 7 is the overall logic diagram (flow chart) of the process table of Figure 5.
Figures 8 to 12 are partial detailed views of the entire logic diagram of Figure 7.
Figure 13 is an example of a work classification system for a method of installing an intermediate beam on an anchor column according to the present invention and hanging a deck on the intermediate beam.
Figures 14 and 15 are examples of process charts of a method for hanging a deck on a mid-level beam according to the present invention.
Figure 16 is the overall logic diagram (flow chart) of the process table of Figure 14.
Figures 17 to 21 are partial detailed views of the entire logic diagram of Figure 16.
Figure 22 is an example of a work classification system for a method of installing a roof beam on an anchor column and suspending a deck on the roof beam according to the present invention.
Figures 23 and 24 are examples of process charts of a method for hanging a deck on a mid-level beam according to the present invention.
Figure 25 is the overall logic diagram (flow chart) of the process table of Figure 23.
Figures 26 to 30 are partial detailed views of the entire logic diagram of Figure 25.
Figure 31 is an example of installing an anchor column when pouring a rooftop core wall according to the present invention.
Figure 32 is the process of removing the internal foam after pouring the rooftop core wall.
Figure 33 shows the process of installing a fall prevention net.
Fig. 34 shows the process of hanging a deck on an anchor column.
Fig. 35: Concrete pouring for the machine room floor
Fig. 36 shows the installation of a winding machine.
Figure 37 shows the process of lifting the machine room wall and roof steel structure.
Fig. 38 shows the installation of the machine room wall and roof steel structure.
Fig. 39 is an impression of the external wall of the machine room.
Fig. 40: Concrete pouring of machine room roof slab
Figures 41 to 52 are cross-sectional views showing examples of the method of hanging on a rooftop anchor column according to the present invention.
Figures 53 to 55 are examples of anchor column fixing devices.
Fig. 55 is wire method
Figures 56 and 57 are methods of hanging on an intermediate beam.
Fig. 58 is a method of hanging on a roof beam.
Figures 59 to 64 are plan views showing examples of the method of hanging on an anchor column according to the present invention.
Fig. 65 is an example of a plan view of a method of hanging from a middle beam or roof beam.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. According to the present invention, the steel structure of an elevator machine room in an apartment complex is installed by embedding an upper machine room steel column in the wall of an elevator shaft on the rooftop floor of the highest unit, thereby allowing construction of the machine room floor first, and then installing a winch (double-head winch) for elevator pre-construction operation thereon, thereby enabling construction of the elevator structure.

First, according to the features of the present invention, a deck construction method using an anchor column, in which an anchor column is installed inside an elevator wall and a machine room floor deck plate is hung using the anchor column, is explained through an example.

Figure 1 is a floor plan of one of the two cores of a 49-story apartment building. On the left is a shaft carrying two elevators, and in the center is a waiting hall for the elevators. The hall includes a portion of the vertical piping shaft wall and a wall. On the right is a staircase. Below are two entrance doors to the apartments.

Figure 2 is a plan view of an elevator wall. The wall is about 6 m long, 3 m wide, 60 cm thick on the exterior wall, and 30 cm thick on the interior wall belonging to the elevator hall.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rooftop and machine room floors. The rooftop floor is next to the 49th floor and is 3.8 m high, while the machine room floor is 3.6 m high.

Figure 4 is a work breakdown structure (WBS) or work breakdown structure of a deck construction method using an anchor column according to the present invention.

After completing the top floor of the 49th floor, the work to complete the frame of the rooftop floor and the mechanical room on the last floor is classified. The work marked in red is a new work designed in this invention. L in L1 is an abbreviation for Level.

Figures 5 and 6 are process tables for deck construction using anchor columns. The process tables were created using MS-Project, a computer program specialized in creating process tables.

First, referring to Fig. 5, the first column has an ID, which is a work number, and the name of the work, the third column has an item called a feature of the present invention, and an item of a new construction method devised in the present invention is marked with an asterisk. The upper 1, 2, and 3 of the bar chart area on the right side indicate the stages of the construction, not the date (the number of work days).

The rooftop is the floor numbered from ID1 to ID7 on the construction schedule, and is the floor after the 49th floor. It has a floor and door leading to the rooftop, and serves as an extra space needed to operate the elevator between the 49th floor elevator and the machine room floor.

The 49th floor and other units have a floor height of 2.8 m, but the rooftop is 3.8 m high, so the height of the gang form and internal aluminum form is 2.8 m, so the elevator wall concrete must be poured in two parts.

The first layer is poured 2.5 m to 2.8 m, and the second layer is poured 1.3 m to 1.0 m.

When pouring the second concrete after pouring the first concrete, an anchor column is installed inside the wall according to the characteristics of the present invention.

The anchor column is like a stake driven into the ground, with the lower part buried in the secondary wall of the rooftop floor and the upper part exposed to the wall of the machine room.

The purpose of installing an anchor column is to attach a wire to the top or pillar of an anchor column that is embedded in a wall and strongly fixed, and to suspend the deck by connecting one end to a deck plate to pour concrete for the machine room floor.

A wire rope is a rope made up of several wires twisted into a spiral shape and is used to lift materials.

Another function of the anchor column is to hang wires from the anchor column and install fall protection nets inside the elevator shaft.

Another function of the anchor column is to connect the steel frame of the machine room wall and the steel structure of the roof to the anchor column. The steel structure of the roof is constructed with a deck plate on the roof, so that the construction period is shortened without using a sill.

Anchor columns are fixed through rebar inside the wall or through separate fixing devices. Anchor columns are embedded in the secondary wall of the rooftop floor by about 60 cm and can be protruded above the machine room wall by about 50 cm to 100 cm. Detailed specifications and structures are based on structural calculations.

In order to fix the exact position and height of the anchor column, horizontal materials (steel pipes, angle pipes, rebar, etc.) can be used to connect the columns. Bolt holes and grooves can be made in the anchor column to allow other materials to be connected.

In order to fix the anchor column at the correct position and height, fixing devices are installed on the gang form outside the shaft wall, the inner form, and the floor form in the elevator hall area, and the anchor column is fixed by bolting, welding, etc. The fixing devices are dismantled after the concrete is poured and the anchor column is fixed.

Another way to install anchor columns is to insert anchor columns into the concrete after the secondary concrete for the rooftop walls has been poured, and then workers can manually adjust the exact position of the anchor columns and fix them in place as the concrete hardens over time.

As the concrete cures and hardens, the anchor columns are strongly fixed and function as a structure, suspending the machine room floor deck and supporting the steel structure above.

Since the anchor column is embedded in the elevator wall, its size is smaller than the wall, and since the wall thickness is 300 mm to 600 mm, the column is preferably in the form of an H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, aluminum bar, or square pipe measuring 100 mm*100 mm to 150 mm*150 mm.

Anchor columns are fixed by a method such as fixing them to the reinforcing bars inside the wall, a method of connecting horizontal members to the top of the external gang form and internal alform and fixing the anchor column to the horizontal members, and a method of installing them by attaching a flat steel plate to the top surface of the primary wall that has been leveled with mortar and fixing it with an anchor bolt.

The column installation location can be additionally installed at the four corners of the wall and in the middle of the wall. The column can be installed for the entire wall including two elevators or only for one part.

Anchor columns are installed inside the wall, and since the rooftop (3.8 m) requires concrete to be poured in two stages, they are embedded inside the wall when the second stage of pouring the wall goes up to the machine room floor, and it is desirable that it be 60 cm to 1 m higher than the machine room floor.

Once the anchor column is fixed, the second layer of concrete for the rooftop wall is poured to complete the rooftop wall. Once the concrete is poured, the wall, unlike the slab, can be dismantled the next day to remove the internal foam, etc.

The gang form outside the wall can be used continuously up to the machine room. However, the alform and work platform RCS inside the wall must be dismantled. Once the machine room floor slab is constructed, it cannot be moved upwards any further and must be dismantled downwards, which is dangerous work at this time.

The construction of the machine room floor is like putting a lid on a 160m high elevator shaft, and it is like putting a lid on a chimney. The molds and RCS inside are trapped inside when the lid is put on. It is like removing foreign substances inside a glass bottle before it is closed.

The foam inside the wall can be lifted out one sheet at a time by manpower, and the working platform RCS is heavy, so it is lowered to the first floor using a tower crane.

When the working platform RCS is dismantled, the inside of the shaft is a cliff all the way to the ground, so fall prevention facilities or safety facilities must be installed. In the past, safety facilities were installed by drilling holes inside the wall and inserting horizontal materials.

In the present invention, a safety net is installed using an anchor column, and a wire or rope is hung on the anchor column, a hole is made in the upper part of the anchor column, or a bracket is installed to fix the wire. A fall prevention net is lowered into the shaft and fixed by tying it to six anchor columns. In this way, the net covers the shaft and prevents workers, materials, and decks from falling.

Through the above process, the rooftop wall construction, internal formwork dismantling, and safety facilities were installed.

The following shows an example of constructing a deck play on a machine room floor by hanging it using an anchor column according to the features of the present invention.

The floor construction of the machine room floor is from ID 9 to ID 18 in the process table of Figure 5.

The deck plate to be placed on the machine room floor is hung from anchor columns.

The machine room floor deck plate is fixed to an anchor column with wire, etc., or hung from a machine room intermediate beam or roof beam with wire, etc. That is, the deck plate is hung from an upper vertical member or horizontal member, and this example shows it being hung first on an anchor column.

The wire performs the function of connecting the anchor column and the deck and transmits the load of the deck to the anchor column. The wire is a spiral bundle or rope of steel wire and is a structure that supports the load of the deck.

Methods for connecting wires to decks include a method in which a hole is drilled in a square deck corner and the wire is passed through it to connect, a method in which the wire is lowered into a corner configuration and then raised through the next corner hole to support the deck, a method in which lumber is additionally placed under the deck and the wire is passed through the lumber so that the lumber can bear the load, and a method in which the flat portion of the deck through which the wire passes is reinforced so that the deck can bear the load.

Methods of connecting wires to anchor columns include a method of fixing them by tying them like a stake, a method of fixing them by making a hole in the top of the anchor column and passing the wire through the hole, and a method of fixing them to a bracket when a bracket is installed on the anchor column.

In order for the deck plate to be hung with wire and to withstand the load of rebar, workers, and concrete, a method is used in which holes are made in the corners of the four sides of the deck plate, wires are passed under the deck, and the wires come out through the opposite holes and are hung on anchor columns in the beam. At this time, the wire may tear the holes in the corners or bend the deck, so the load can be distributed by passing the wire through the inside of the pipes to support the deck with square pipes (lumber) and round pipes.

The pipes and wires under the deck are removed from the elevator car later when the elevator is installed after the slab is poured. This leaves no material inside the shaft and prevents any falling objects even after decades.

The deck plates are constructed in the direction of the short side of the shaft, and are laid in 4 to 6 pieces, some of which overlap each other. It is preferable to use special ones with higher floor strength than general deck plates.

*The size of the deck plate is the same as the width of the elevator shaft (3m) or 1cm to 2cm larger. If it is the same as the shaft width, some of the concrete may go down between the wall and the deck, so block the joint with a concrete leak prevention material (steel mesh). If it is 1cm to 2cm larger, the deck can be placed on the wall and fixed to the top of the wall with nails, etc. Then, it will not leak under the concrete. To this end, when pouring the concrete on the top of the wall, the concrete on the top of the wall must be finished flat.

In order to precisely adjust the height and position of the deck plate, a device that can finely adjust the length of the wire is required. To do this, a turnbuckle is attached to the wire, and when the turnbuckle is turned, the length of the wire is shortened or lengthened, thereby adjusting the length of the wire.

The connection of the deck plate and wires must be constructed on the floor of the machine room, so the work space is narrow, and although a fall prevention net is installed, the work must be done on the top of the shaft, so the conditions are not good. To this end, the anchor column, deck, and wire must be assembled in advance on the roof or ground, and actual concrete must be poured to conduct an experimental mock-up test to confirm structural stability.

Accordingly, by conducting structural tests on the ground in advance and precisely adjusting the length of the wire, the method of connecting the wire to the deck, and the method of connecting the wire to the anchor column, the deck installation can be completed by simply connecting it on the machine room floor.

Once the machine room floor deck is installed, rebar and sleeves are constructed on top of it.

Deck plate reinforcement can be arranged to avoid the location of the sleeve, and reinforcement to withstand the high load around the sleeve can be pre-installed on the first floor above ground. The floor reinforcement is already installed in the deck plate, and the lower and upper reinforcement can be installed within a few hours.

Sleeves are materials that create more than 10 holes in the floor for elevator ropes, electric cables, piano cables, etc. In other words, they function as a formwork to prevent concrete from entering, thereby forming holes. Since these holes are for sending piano cables, hoisting ropes, guide lane reference lines, etc. down to the ground, precision is very important.

The anchor column can be used to measure the reference position and is fixed, easy to identify and measure distances, so the sleeve can be installed accurately. Of course, the position of the sleeve can be specified in advance when assembling the line on the ground.

When working on the deck, a safety rope must be hung somewhere to prevent workers from falling, and a safety belt must be fastened to the top of the anchor column to protect workers.

Next, the concrete for the machine room floor is poured and allowed to cure. Then, the floor is completed. With this, the machine room floor can be completed in a few days by hanging it on anchor columns.

After pouring the concrete, the wire is cut, and the fall prevention net, wire, and lumber under the deck are removed during elevator construction.

Through the above process, the machine room floor was completed in a few days, and the elevator installation work, including the elevator traction machine (motor), began.

This method is a non-supporting method that does not install a support inside the shaft, so there is no risk of safety accidents because workers do not enter the shaft, and no construction materials are installed inside the shaft, so there is no risk of materials falling or rusting and falling after several decades. Therefore, the machine room floor is constructed quickly and safely.

An example of constructing a machine room wall and roof using an anchor column according to the features of the present invention is shown.

The wall construction of the mechanical room floor is from ID 19 to ID 27 in the process table of Figure 5, and the roof construction is from ID 28 to ID 33 in Figure 6.

The problem with the construction of the machine room is the existing method of installing a ladder inside the machine room for roof installation. The ladder takes a lot of time from installation to dismantling, and since it takes up a lot of space in the machine room, it is the main reason why the construction period increases because the elevator installation construction cannot begin.

The ridge is 3.6 m high from the machine room floor to the roof, supports the formwork of the roof slab, and transfers the ground load to the machine room floor.

In order to solve these problems, the present invention devises a method of pouring a roof without installing a support beam, and is a method of installing a steel beam on the roof and installing a deck plate on top of it. This is a non-supporting method, which does not occupy a machine room space and allows the elevator installation team to install the elevator early, thereby shortening the construction period.

The roof steel beams rest on the wall steel columns, which are connected to anchor columns. Therefore, the roof load is transferred to the walls rather than to the machine room floor.

To do this, first connect the wall steel columns to the anchor columns, and then install the roof steel beams. Once the wall (columns) and roof beams are installed, the deck, which is the roof formwork, is constructed, and then the wall steel and roof steel are constructed, and then the concrete is poured, and the machine room frame is completed. After that, the formwork materials are dismantled and lowered to the ground, and the construction is complete, and only the elevator installation work remains.

Assembling the wall steel columns and beams on the machine room floor requires a mobile facility (a ladder) for access from a high position. At this time, care must be taken to prevent falling materials and the safety of workers. The same applies to the method of installing the slabs using the conventional method.

As a way to solve the safety issues caused by working at such high altitudes, the machine room steel structure (columns, beams) can be pre-assembled on the ground, lifted by a tower crane, and connected to the anchor column.

This allows for quick and safe installation of steel structures without the need for workers to climb up to the roof to install beams.

On the ground, the anchor column and steel structure are pre-assembled to ensure that they are accurately connected.

The connection between anchor columns and steel columns is made by bolting, welding, or attaching and tightening connecting members.

The materials for columns and roof beams can be steel, aluminum bars, etc.

Therefore, steel structures can be assembled on the ground first and then installed by lifting, or each member can be installed on the machine room floor.

Since the machine room floor is installed, workers can install steel columns on the machine room floor and assemble the roof beams and deck on the scaffolding. When installing the steel bars on the roof deck, workers must climb up to the deck, so separate access facilities are required. This is the same as with the conventional method.

The elevator motor, which is a hoist, can be lowered vertically by a tower crane after the machine room floor is completed. In the past, it was difficult to work with and there were safety concerns because it was moved diagonally through the inlet after the frame was built.

After the gable roof is raised, the roof beams and roof deck are covered to complete the roof (lid).

The steel beam under the hoist is also lifted by a tower crane.

After that, the positioning of the hoist and steel beam is moved by connecting a ring to the steel beam and moving it with a chain block, and structural calculation is required. Accordingly, the hoist can be set up early, which speeds up the elevator installation.

The machine room walls and roof concrete are poured simultaneously, and before that, the reinforcing bars, gang forms, and aluminum forms are installed using the usual and traditional methods.

The following is a logic diagram representation of the process table in Fig. 5 and is identical to the process table.

Figure 7 is the logic of the entire process table. Red and green are functional work steps designed according to the characteristics of the present invention, red is work related to steel columns and beams, and green is other than decks. The number at the top of the box is the ID number (work number) of the process table, and the box below is the name of the work.

Figure 8 shows the logic of the rooftop section.

Figures 9 and 10 show the machine room floor.

Figures 11 and 12 show the machine room walls and roof.

The following is an example showing the construction of a machine room floor using a second method of suspending a deck from an intermediate beam connected to the upper part of an anchor column rather than an anchor column according to the features of the present invention.

Some of the anchor columns are embedded in the rooftop wall, while others are exposed like piles in the mechanical room wall.

A bracket or groove or hole can be drilled on the top of the anchor column, and a horizontal steel beam can be installed between the anchor columns. The steel beam can be configured as a horizontal or vertical grid and is installed at a height of about 1 m to 1.5 m from the machine room floor.

Once the intermediate beam is installed, the load is transferred to the anchor column.

The construction is done by hanging wires on the intermediate beam and hanging the machine room floor deck plate.

The intermediate beam is installed on the upper part of the anchor column embedded in the 3m short-side wall, which is the width of the elevator wall.

Intermediate beams include aluminum bars, round pipes, square pipes, and steel beams (H-beams and I-beams).

The steel intermediate beam is made of I-beams, L-beams, and T-beams and is 10 to 15 cm high and about 3 m long.

The methods for connecting the intermediate beam to the anchor column include adding a bracket to the anchor column and placing the intermediate beam on top of it, digging a groove in the top of the anchor column and placing the intermediate beam on the groove, and drilling a circular hole in the top of the anchor column and inserting a circular pipe into the hole and fixing it.

Installing crossbeams perpendicular to the midships has the advantage of allowing wires to be hung vertically at multiple points on the shaft plane and properly distributing the deck load.

Compared to the third method of using wires on the roof of the machine room, using an intermediate beam makes it easier to install and adjust the wires at a height of 1 to 1.5 m, and is structurally more stable as it is fixed to an anchor column.

Figure 13 is a work classification system for a method of hanging a deck using an intermediate beam. The deck is on the floor, and the intermediate beam is at the bottom center of the wall, and is marked in yellow to indicate that they are connected by hanging each other.

The red ones are newly designed tasks according to the present invention.

Figures 14 and 15 are process charts of a method of hanging a deck using an intermediate beam.

*After installing the anchor column (ID 3), pouring the secondary concrete for the rooftop (ID 4), installing the intermediate beam on top of the anchor column (ID 20), installing the machine room floor deck plate (ID 10-13), and after pouring the floor concrete (ID 16), dismantling the intermediate beam (ID 21) and constructing the wall steel frame (ID 24), roof steel frame (ID 31), and deck (ID 32).

Therefore, it is characterized by being constructed by hanging it on the floor in the middle.

The following is a logic diagram representation of the process table in Fig. 15 and is identical to the process table.

Figure 16 is the logic of the entire process table. Red and green are functional work steps designed according to the features of the present invention, red is work related to steel columns and beams, and green is work related to decks and others.

Figure 17 shows a section of the rooftop wall.

Figures 18 and 19 show the construction of a machine room floor by hanging a deck on an intermediate beam.

Figures 20 and 21 show the dismantling of the intermediate beam and the machine room walls and roof.

The following is an example showing the construction of a machine room floor using a third method of suspending a deck from a machine room roof steel beam connected to the upper part of an anchor column according to the features of the present invention.

Some of the anchor columns are embedded in the rooftop wall, while others are exposed like piles in the mechanical room wall.

The wall steel columns and roof steel beams are constructed by connecting the anchor column and the machine room steel structure.

The roof load is transferred to the anchor columns through the wall steel columns.

The materials of the columns and beams are the same as those described above.

The connection method between the pillar and anchor column is by bolt, welding, or by placing an additional plate and then bolting or welding it on top.

Figure 22 is a work breakdown structure for a method of hanging a deck using roof beams. The deck is on the floor and the roof beams are on the roof, and are indicated in yellow to indicate that they are connected by hanging.

The red ones are newly designed tasks according to the present invention.

Figures 23 and 24 are process charts of a method of suspending a deck using roof beams.

After installing the anchor column (ID 3), pouring the secondary concrete for the rooftop (ID 4), installing the wall steel columns (ID 22), installing the steel beams for the machine room roof (ID 29), connecting the machine room floor deck with wires (ID 10-13), then pouring the floor concrete (ID 16), and constructing the rear wall and roof deck (ID 30) frames.

Therefore, it is characterized by construction in which the deck of the machine room floor is hung on the roof beams.

The following is a logic diagram representation of the process table in Fig. 23, which is identical to the process table.

Figure 25 is the logic of the entire process table. Red and green are functional work steps designed according to the features of the present invention, red is work related to steel columns and beams, and green is other than the deck.

Figure 26 shows the rooftop section.

Figure 27 shows the machine room wall and roof steel structure.

Figs. 28, 29 and 30 illustrate hanging a deck from a roof beam to form a floor.

The following is an example showing in three dimensions the construction of a machine room floor by hanging a deck on an anchor column according to the features of the present invention.

Fig. 31 shows concrete being poured after embedding anchor columns on the second floor of the rooftop. As a result, the anchor columns are embedded inside the wall to form piles.

Figure 32 shows the formwork (alform, gangform) and work platform (RCS) inside the shaft being dismantled and lowered to the first floor prior to construction of the machine room floor.

Fig. 33 shows a fall prevention device installed by hanging a wire on an anchor column.

Fig. 34 shows the wires hanging from the anchor columns and the deck plate installed on the machine room floor.

Figure 35 shows the floor formed by pouring concrete after installing reinforcing bars and sleeves on the machine room floor.

Figure 36 shows a hoisting machine lowered vertically onto the machine room floor using a tower crane.

Figure 37 shows the machine room walls and roof steel structure being assembled on the ground and then lifted by a tower crane.

Fig. 38 is a method of installing a steel structure by placing it on an anchor column and using welding, bolts, and connecting materials.

Figure 39 shows the impression of the external formwork, the gang form.

Fig. 40 shows the completion of the construction of the machine room by installing a deck plate on the upper part of the steel structure, pouring concrete after installing the reinforcing bars, and forming the roof.

The following is an example showing, through a cross-sectional view, construction of a machine room floor by hanging a deck on an anchor column according to the features of the present invention.

Fig. 41 shows the first wall concrete of the rooftop floor being poured.

Figure 42 shows the installation of the rooftop second wall reinforcement, external gang form, internal alform, and elevator hall slab formwork.

Fig. 43 shows the installation of an anchor column fixed inside the second wall of the rooftop floor.

Fig. 44 shows the formation of anchor column piles by pouring concrete for the second wall of the rooftop floor.

Figure 45 is to dismantle the foam and working platform (RCS) inside the shaft.

Fig. 46 shows the installation of a safety rope and fall prevention net.

Fig. 47 shows how to hang wires on anchor columns.

Figures 48 and 49 show how to adjust the length of the line with a turn buckle after connecting the deck plate of the machine room floor to the anchor column.

Fig. 50 is the construction of sleeves and bottom reinforcement bars.

Fig. 51 shows the construction of the upper reinforcing bar of the deck.

Fig. 52 shows the pouring of concrete for the machine room floor. This completes the machine room floor and allows for the installation of the elevator to begin.

There is no risk of falling inside the shaft as it is a non-supporting construction method and workers do not enter. Safety ropes are tied to anchor columns to prevent workers from falling. The machine room floor can be constructed in 2 to 4 days. Work is done only outside the shaft, so there is no demolition of materials or rusting and falling.

Fig. 53 is a method of installing an anchor column fixing device using an external gang form and an internal alform and fixing the anchor column in place through an anchor column horizontal bar. The fixing device may be composed of a connecting member with the gang form or the alform, a vertical member, and a horizontal member. The connecting member is fixed by inserting it in a T shape on the upper part of the external gang form or the alform and is fixed with a fixing pin or bolt. The vertical member is connected to a heat-connecting member by welding or bolting each pipe or steel plate. The horizontal member is connected to the vertical member through a bracket, bolt, or another connecting member. The anchor column is fixed by being placed on or hung on the horizontal member and is additionally fixed to the surrounding reinforcing bars, etc. The position and height of the anchor column are fixed through the strongly fixed alform, the fixing device, and the horizontal bar. In this state, the anchor column is not fixed for a long time, and is maintained until the second wall concrete of the rooftop is poured for half a day or the next day. After pouring the concrete, the concrete hardens after about 30 minutes, so the position can be checked or finely adjusted at this time. This makes it possible to form a pile at a position that is precisely connected to the upper machine room steel structure.

Figure 54 shows a method of placing and fixing the right fixing device on the elevator hall slab formwork.

Figure 55 is an example of a method for connecting an anchor column and a wire, including a method of inserting it into a hole, a method of connecting it to a square bracket, and a method of connecting it to a pipe-shaped bracket.

Fig. 56 is a method of placing an intermediate beam on top of an anchor column, hanging a wire on the intermediate beam, and hanging the deck, which is a method of hanging a wire on a horizontal beam.

Fig. 57 is a method of hanging wires on a vertical intermediate beam placed perpendicular to a crossbeam.

Fig. 58 is a method of hanging a deck by hanging wires on the steel beams of the roof after installing the steel structure of the machine room wall and roof connected to the anchor column.

The following is an example showing, through a plan view, the construction of a machine room floor by hanging a deck on an anchor column according to the features of the present invention.

Fig. 59 shows an anchor column installed on the second wall of the rooftop floor.

Fig. 60 shows the installation of a horizontal bar for fixing an anchor column to position it in place when installing the anchor column.

Fig. 61 shows the machine room floor deck plate suspended by hanging wires from anchor columns.

Fig. 62 shows the installation of a sleeve for making holes in the machine room floor for installing elevator ropes.

Fig. 63 shows the construction of reinforcing bars.

Fig. 64 shows the concrete poured on the machine room floor.

Figure 65 shows the construction process of connecting an intermediate beam or roof beam to the top of an anchor column, installing it, and then hanging wires and a deck on the beam.

The embodiments of the present invention described above and illustrated in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention can improve and change the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Accordingly, such improvements and changes will fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they are obvious to those with ordinary knowledge.

In the construction of the floor of an elevator machine room in an apartment building according to the present invention, a deck construction method using an anchor column and a hanging structure can be applied immediately in a short period of time to a construction site currently under construction or a construction site to be started in the future once the structure is designed by an architectural and structural design company and the construction method is determined by a construction company.

11: Rooftop wall 1st concrete
12: Rooftop wall secondary concrete
13: External gang form
14: Internal Alform, RCS
15: Wall reinforcement
16: Angka Column
17 : Hole
18 : Bracket
19: Anchor column fixing device
20: Anka Column Horizontal
21: Fall prevention net
22: Machine room floor deck plate
23 : Wire
24 : Turn Buckle
25 : each pipe
26: Machine room floor rebar
27 : Bottom sleeve
28: Concrete floor of machine room
29: Intermediate beam vertical
30: Intermediate beam width
31: Machine room wall column
32 : Inner mold
41: Machine room roof beam
42: Machine room roof deck plate
43: Machine room roof reinforcement
44: Machine room roof concrete
51: Kwon Sang-ki
52: Steel beam for supporting the sling
53 : Safety rope

Claims (1)

In a method for constructing an elevator machine room frame using a prefabricated steel structure and anchor joints,
a) A step of embedding a plurality of anchors extending vertically into the wall of a rooftop elevator shaft inside the wall and pouring wall concrete;
b) a step of prefabricating a steel structure for a machine room wall and roof, wherein the steel structure includes a plurality of vertical steel columns and a plurality of steel beams connecting the steel columns in a horizontal direction, and a step of forming a connecting member at the lower end of the steel columns for connection with the vertical anchor;
c) a step of lifting the prefabricated steel structure with a tower crane, and firmly fixing the steel structure to the upper part of the rooftop wall by connecting the connecting member formed at the lower end of the steel column to the anchor embedded in the rooftop wall;
d) a step of directly installing a machine room roof deck plate on the upper part of the steel beam of the steel structure without a support bar by welding or bolting;
e) a step of constructing roof reinforcement on the roof deck plate; and
f) A method for constructing a skeleton of an elevator machine room, characterized by including a step of forming a machine room roof by pouring concrete on the roof deck plate;