KR20210095240A - 소비재를 위한 방법 및 조성물 - Google Patents
소비재를 위한 방법 및 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
본 발명의 신규한 특징은 특히 첨부하는 특허청구범위에 기재되어 있다. 본 발명의 특징 및 이점에 대한 보다 나은 이해는, 본 발명의 원리를 이용한 예시적 실시양태를 기재하고 있는 하기 상세한 설명, 및 하기 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 얻어질 것이다:
도 1은 레그헤모글로빈 (LHb, 우측 프로파일) 또는 제2철 이온 (좌측 프로파일)의 존재 하에 조리된 달리 동일한 근육-모조물 샘플의 정렬된 GCMS 프로파일 (거울화 배향)의 비교를 도시한다. 이러한 예시에서, 수직축은 기체 크로마토그래피 분리 단계에서의 체류 시간을 나타내고, 수평축은 상응하는 분리된 휘발성 화합물의 단편화에 의해 생성된 이온의 m/z 비를 나타낸다. 2개의 샘플에서 차별적으로 나타난 선택된 화합물은 도면의 우측에 표지하였다.
도 2는 내부에 함유된 레그헤모글로빈에 의해 부여된 적색을 입증하기 위해 절개한, 뿌리혹을 갖는 완두콩 식물 (피숨 사티붐(Pisum sativum))의 뿌리의 일부를 도시한다. 절개된 뿌리혹은 적색으로 보인다.
도 3은 완두콩 뿌리 1 oz로부터 단리된 레그헤모글로빈을 도시한다. 육류에 의한 통상적인 적색은 컬러 사진에서 명백하다.
도 4는 다양한 종으로부터의 레그헤모글로빈이 상동체이고, 유사한 색상 특성을 갖는다는 것을 보여준다. 도 4에서, 패널 A는 3종의 콩과 식물 종 (1) 잠두 (2) 완두 (3) 대두의 용해된 뿌리혹의 SDS_PAGE 겔을 보여준다. 화살표는 각각 레그헤모글로빈을 나타낸다. 패널 B는 2종의 상이한 식물 종 (잠두 및 대두)으로부터의 레그헤모글로빈의 UV-VIS 스펙트럼 프로파일의 유사성을 보여준다.
도 5는 2종의 단백질의 UV-VIS 흡수 프로파일의 유사성을 보여주는, 환원된 (헴 철 2+) 및 산화된 (헴 철 3+) 대두 레그헤모글로빈 (도 5 패널 A), 및 말 심근 미오글로빈 (도 5 패널 B)의 비교를 보여준다. 본 발명자들은 본원에 기재된 프로토콜을 이용하여 대두 뿌리혹으로부터 대두 레그헤모글로빈을 정제하였다. 정제된 말 미오글로빈은 시그마알드리치(SigmaAldrich)로부터 구입하였다. 대두 레그헤모글로빈 (도 5 패널 A) 및 말 미오글로빈 (도 5 패널 B)을 1mm 차아황산나트륨을 사용하여 환원시켰다. 대두 레그헤모글로빈 (도 5 패널 A) 및 말 미오글로빈 (도 5 패널 B)의 헴 Fe3+ (청색 선 - 도 5 및 6의 더 높은 피크) 및 헴 Fe2+ (적색 선)의 UV-VIS 흡수 스펙트럼을 나타내었다. 삽입 도면은 450nm 내지 700nm 영역에서의 UV-VIS 스펙트럼의 확대도를 나타낸다. (도 5 패널 C) 헴-Fe3+ 상태의 대두 레그헤모글로빈의 40 mg/ml 용액 10ul 액체 액적의 영상 (좌측 액적)은 특징적인 녹빛 적색을 나타내고, 헴-Fe2+ 상태의 대두 레그헤모글로빈 용액의 40mg/ml 용액 (우측 액적)은 특징적인 적색을 나타내고, (우측 영상)은 말 미오글로빈의 샘플에 해당한다.
도 6은 차아황산나트륨 및 시트르산티타늄을 사용한 레그헤모글로빈 헴 철의 성공적 환원의 예를 도시한다. 도 6에서, 헴 철이 산화된 (+3) 상태에 있는 정제된 대두 레그헤모글로빈의 UV-VIS 스펙트로그램은 각각의 패널에서 청색 곡선으로 나타내었다 (청색 곡선이 주 그래프에서 더 높은 피크를 가짐). 각각의 패널에서 적색 곡선은 20mM 인산칼륨 pH 7.3, 100mM 염화나트륨 완충제 중에 (패널 A) 1mM 차아황산나트륨 또는 (패널 B) 0.24% (wt/v) 시트르산티타늄을 첨가하여 (+2) 상태 (적색 선)로 환원시킨 후의 동일한 레그헤모글로빈 종의 UV-VIS 스펙트럼을 나타낸다. 삽입 도면은 450-700 nm 영역에서의 UV-VIS 스펙트럼의 확대도를 나타낸다. 이러한 예의 경우, 레그헤모글로빈은 60/90% 황산암모늄 분획화를 이용하여 대두 뿌리혹으로부터 정제되었고, 20mM 인산칼륨 pH 7.4, 100mM 염화나트륨 완충제로 교환되었다. 차아황산나트륨 원액은 물 중 1mM 수산화나트륨 중에 100mM 차아황산나트륨을 용해시켜 제조하였다. 시트르산티타늄 원액은 염산 중 20% (wt/v) Ti-클로라이드로부터 이를 0.2M 시트르산나트륨과 혼합함으로써 (1:10 v/v) 제조하였다. pH는 탄산나트륨을 사용하여 pH 7.0으로 조정하였다.
도 7은 대두 뿌리혹으로부터의 레그헤모글로빈 정제 흐름의 예를 도시한다. 도면은 상이한 대두 레그헤모글로빈 정제 단계 (레인 1) 대두 뿌리혹 용해물; (레인 2) 60/90% (wt/v) 황산암모늄 분획화에 의해 정제된 대두 뿌리혹 용해물의 SDS-PAGE 분획화를 보여준다. 20mM 인산칼륨 pH 7.4, 100mM 염화나트륨, 1mM EDTA 완충제 중에 재현탁된 90% 황산암모늄 분획화된 단백질 펠릿의 단백질 내용물을 보여주며; 90% 황산암모늄 펠릿으로부터의 단백질은 20mM 인산칼륨 pH 7.4, 100mM 염화나트륨 중에서 음이온-교환 크로마토그래피 (FFQ 지이 헬스케어(FFQ GE Healthcare))에 의해 추가로 정제하였다. 플로스루에 수집된 레그헤모글로빈을 레인 3에 나타내었다. 음이온-교환 플로스루는 크기-배제 크로마토그래피 (세파크릴(Sephacryl) S-100 지이 헬스케어)를 이용하여 분획화하였고, 생성된 레그헤모글로빈 분획을 레인 4에 나타내었다. 다양한 정제 단계에서의 레그헤모글로빈 함량은 ImageDoc 분석 소프트웨어 (바이오라드(BioRad))를 이용하여 각각의 샘플에서 SDS-PAGE 겔 상의 레그헤모글로빈 밴드의 분획을 결정함으로써 결정하였다. 정제 단계의 각 단계에서의 레그헤모글로빈의 순도 (부분 존재비)는: 용해물: 32.7% (레인 1), 60/90% (wt/v) 황산암모늄 분획화 78% (레인 2), 음이온-교환 크로마토그래피 ~ 83% (레인 3), 및 크기-배제 크로마토그래피 ~ 95%까지 (레인 4)였다.
도 8은 (A) 재조합 단백질 기술을 이용하여 발현 및 정제된 대두 레그헤모글로빈 및 (B) 대두 뿌리혹으로부터 정제된 대두 레그헤모글로빈의 염색된 SDS-PAGE 겔 분석을 보여준다. (A) His-태그 및 TEV 프로테아제 His-태그 제거 부위를 보유하는 재조합 대두 레그헤모글로빈 A는 이.콜라이(E.coli) BL21 균주에서 발현되었고, His-태그 친화성 크로마토그래피 (탈론(Talon) 수지, 클론테크(CloneTech))를 이용하여 정제되었다. 좌측 레인은 분자량 표준을 함유하고, 우측 레인은 정제된 재조합 대두 레그헤모글로빈 A를 함유한다 (화살표). 재조합 대두 레그헤모글로빈 A의 예상 분자량은 17.1kDa이다. (B) 뿌리혹으로부터 정제된 대두 레그헤모글로빈의 SDS-PAGE 겔. 좌측 레인은 분자량 표준을 함유하고, 우측 레인은 정제된 대두 레그헤모글로빈 A를 함유한다 (화살표). 정제된 물질의 질량 분광측정법 분석에서 모든 4종의 대두 레그헤모글로빈 이소형이 존재하며 전장인 것으로 결정되었다 (데이터는 제시되지 않음). 대두 레그헤모글로빈 이소형의 예상 분자량 (MW)은 MW15.4 내지 15.8kDa 범위이다.
도 9는 상업적 육류 유사품 (퀀(Quorn) 닭고기 유사체)의 변 당 약 1cm의 6개의 입방체의 예를 보여주며, 그 중 4개 (좌측, 및 우측 하부)는 20 mM 인산칼륨 pH 7.4 및 100 mM NaCl 중 약 10 mg/ml 대두 레그헤모글로빈의 용액 내에 침지시켰고; 나머지 2개 (우측 상부)는 레그헤모글로빈 무함유의 동일한 완충제 내에 침지시켰다. 레그헤모글로빈-주입 입방체의 진분홍색은 비-주입 입방체의 연황갈색과 대조적임이 컬러 사진에서 명백하다.
도 10은 350℃에서 팬에서 조리 과정에 있는 퀀 닭고기 유사체의 4개의 레그헤모글로빈-주입 입방체를 보여준다. 2개의 하부 입방체를 구워진 표면이 드러나도록 뒤집었고, 이는 갈색으로 변하였다. 상부 2개의 입방체에서 가열된 부분은 회갈색으로 변한 반면, 보다 차가운 상단 표면은 그의 분홍색 색상을 유지하였다. 일부 실시양태에서, 소비재가 조리되지 않은 육류의 색상이 될 때까지, 소비재에 헴 함유 용액, 예를 들어 레그헤모글로빈 용액을 주입하였다.
도 11은 녹두 단백질 용액 (투석 완충제 중 150 mg/ml) 43 ml를 레그헤모글로빈 용액 (20 mM 인산칼륨, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.3 중 46.5 mg/ml 레그헤모글로빈 및 20mg/ml 다른 대두 뿌리혹 단백질) 37 ml와 혼합한 것을 도시한다. 트랜스글루타미나제 용액 (20% w/w) 20 ml를 첨가하고, 용액을 철저히 혼합하고, 2개의 50 ml 팔콘 튜브로 분리하고, 실온에서 밤새 인큐베이션하였다. 최종 단백질 농도는 녹두 단백질 65 mg/ml, 레그헤모글로빈 18 mg/ml, 총 단백질 91 mg/ml였다.
도 12는 43ml 녹두 단백질 용액 (150mg/ml)을 레그헤모글로빈의 11.7 mg/ml 용액 45ml 및 0.8% (wt/v)의 트랜스글루타미나제 용액과 혼합하여 제조한 "백색" 근육 유사체를 도시한다. 최종 단백질 농도는 녹두 단백질 63 mg/ml, 레그헤모글로빈 5.2 mg/ml, 총 단백질 68 mg/ml였다.
도 13은 녹두 기반의 지방 조직 유사체를 도시하며, 에펜도르프 튜브에서 제조하였고, 겔 내로 혼입되지 않은 어떠한 시각적으로 식별가능한 액체도 없는 회백색의 평활한 균일 조직감의 불투명한 겔을 형성하였다. 겔은 단독으로 세워지며 탄성적이고 탄력적이었다. 겔은 약간의 쾌적한 향미 및 부드럽고 쾌적한 풍미를 갖는다. 맛은 부드러운 짠맛이다.
도 14는 완두콩 글로불린 기반의 조직 유사체를 도시하며, 압축시 오일이 적은 것을 포기한 것을 제외하고는 녹두-기반 지방 유사체와 매우 유사하게 에펜도르프 튜브에서 제조하였다.
도 15는 23 게이지 바늘 (ID 0.337 mm)을 갖는 시린지 내로 로딩된, 70% 에탄올 중 1:3 비를 이용하여 생성된 결합-조직 유사체 가닥을 보여준다. 용액을 과량의 5 M NaCl 용액 내로 5 인치-높이 용기의 바닥으로부터 천천히 압출하였다. NaCl 용액보다 밀도가 낮은 에탄올-제인 용액이 위로 떠올랐고, 고체화 제인의 섬유질 가닥을 뽑아냈다. NaCl을 지속적으로 교반하였고, 가닥이 전개되기 시작하여 가닥 연장을 보조하였다. 가닥은 함께 다발이 되고, 경질의 고밀도 덩어리가 되었다.
도 16은 62% (wt/wt) 근육 유사체 (62% (wt/wt) "암색 근육 유사체" 및 38% (wt/wt) "백색 근육 유사체"), 29% (wt/wt) 지방 조직 유사체 (완두콩 글로불린 및 카놀라 오일로부터), 5% (wt/wt) 결합 조직 유사체를 조합하여 제조한 간 소고기 원형 패티 (도 16 패널 A)를 도시한다. 간 소고기 원형 패티를 62% 근육 유사체 (62% "암색 근육 유사체" 및 38% "백색 근육 유사체), 29% 지방 조직 유사체 (녹두 종자 8S 단백질 및 쌀겨 오일로부터), 5% 결합 조직 유사체를 조합하여 제조하였다 (도 16 패널 B). 간 소고기 원형 패티를 71% (wt/wt) 근육 조직 유사체 (60% "백색" 근육 유사체, 40% "암색" 근육 유사체로 구성), 23% 지방 조직 (완두콩 종자 글로불린 단백질 및 카놀라 오일로부터)을 조합하여 제조하였다 (도 16 패널 C). 간 소고기 원형 패티를 67% "백색" 근육 유사체를 28% 지방 조직 유사체 (완두콩 글로불린 및 쌀겨 오일로부터)와 조합하여 제조하였다 (도 16, 패널 D).
도 17은 62% (wt/wt) 근육 조직 유사체 (62% (wt/wt) "암색 근육 유사체" 및 38% (wt/wt) "근육 유사체"), 29% (wt/wt) 지방 조직 유사체 (완두콩 글로불린 및 카놀라 오일로부터), 5% (wt/wt) 결합 조직 유사체를 조합하여 제조한 간 소고기 패티 유사체를 도시한다. 좌측 패널은 조리 전의 패티를 보여주고, 우측 패널은 약 2분 동안 조리한 후의 동일한 패티를 보여준다. 관찰자는 조리 중의 간 소고기 모조물의 향미를 명백하게 "소고기같은" 것으로 기재하였다.
Claims (27)
- 비-동물 공급원으로부터의 1종 이상의 철-함유 단백질, 및
10 중량% 이상의 1종 이상의 비-동물성 단백질
을 포함하는 근육 조직 모조물; 및
에멀젼 또는 겔을 포함하며, 상기 에멀젼 또는 겔은 비-동물 공급원으로부터의 1종 이상의 지방을 포함하는 것인 지방 조직 모조물
을 포함하는 육류 모조물. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 비-동물 공급원으로부터의 1종 이상의 철-함유 단백질이 육류 모조물을 착색시켜 미가공 상태의 육류 색상을 모방하도록 하고, 육류 모조물의 조리 동안 조리된 상태의 육류 색상으로 변화시키는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 근육 조직 모조물이 골격근의 물리적 조직화(physical organization)와 가까운 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 지방 조직 모조물이 육류에서의 지방 조직의 물리적 조직화와 가깝도록 조립된 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 근육 조직 모조물 및 지방 조직 모조물이 육류의 물리적 조직화와 가까운 물리적 조직화를 갖는 육류 모조물을 생성하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 간 소고기(ground beef) 또는 소고기의 컷(cut of beef) 형태인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 백색 육류 모조물, 암색 육류 모조물, 적색 육류 모조물, 또는 기관 육류 모조물인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 근육 조직 모조물이 1종 이상의 비-동물성 단백질을 포함하는 섬유를 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제8항에 있어서, 섬유가 비대칭 섬유, 등방성 섬유, 또는 둘 다를 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제8항에 있어서, 섬유가 방적 섬유, 압출 섬유, 또는 둘 다를 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 1종 이상의 비-동물성 단백질이 야채 단백질, 과일 단백질, 견과 단백질, 곡물 단백질, 조류 단백질, 박테리아 단백질, 및 진균 단백질중 1종 이상으로부터 선택되는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 지방 조직 모조물이 단백질 성분을 추가로 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 지방 조직 모조물이 가교 효소를 추가로 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제13항에 있어서, 가교 효소가 트랜스글루타미나제, 리실 옥시다제, 및 아민 옥시다제 중 1종 이상으로부터 선택되는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 에멀젼이 겔화 에멀젼인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 겔이 단백질성 겔, 히드로겔, 오르가노겔, 또는 크세로겔인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 결합 조직 모조물을 추가로 포함하고, 근육 조직 모조물, 지방 조직 모조물 및 결합 조직 모조물이 육류의 물리적 조직화와 가까운 방식으로조립된 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제17항에 있어서, 40 내지 90 중량%의 근육 조직 모조물, 1 내지 60 중량%의 지방 조직 모조물, 및 1 내지 30 중량%의 결합 조직 모조물을 포함하는 육류 모조물.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 결합 조직 모조물이 동물 결합 조직의 물리적 특성을 모방하도록 조립된 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 결합 조직 모조물이 콜라겐, 익스텐신, 및 프롤라민 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 결합 조직 모조물이 방적 또는 압출되는 섬유 또는 시트를 포함하는 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 동물에 의한 소비를 위해 형성된 것인 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 동물성 제품을 함유하지 않는 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 1종 이상의 당, 아미노산, 또는 둘 다를 추가로 포함하는 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 0.05 중량% 이상의 1종 이상의 철-함유 단백질을 포함하는 육류 모조물.
- 제1항에 있어서, 1종 이상의 철-함유 단백질이 헴-철-보유 단백질(heme-iron-carrying protein)인 육류 모조물.
- 제26항에 있어서, 0.01 중량% 내지 5 중량%의 헴-철-보유 단백질을 포함하는 육류 모조물.
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