KR20190008287A - 원유의 석유화학제품으로의 전환 - Google Patents
원유의 석유화학제품으로의 전환 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20190008287A KR20190008287A KR1020187035759A KR20187035759A KR20190008287A KR 20190008287 A KR20190008287 A KR 20190008287A KR 1020187035759 A KR1020187035759 A KR 1020187035759A KR 20187035759 A KR20187035759 A KR 20187035759A KR 20190008287 A KR20190008287 A KR 20190008287A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- crude oil
- hydrogen
- fraction
- boiling fraction
- stream
- Prior art date
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- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/04—Thermal processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/205—Metal content
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4006—Temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4012—Pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4018—Spatial velocity, e.g. LHSV, WHSV
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/22—Higher olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/30—Aromatics
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 개량된 원유의 고 비등점 분획의 재순환을 갖는 통합된 수소처리 및 스팀 열분해 공정의 추가 실시형태의 공정 흐름도이다.
도 3은 개량된 원유의 고 비등점 분획의 재순환을 갖는 통합된 수소처리 및 스팀 열분해 공정의 다른 실시형태의 공정 흐름도이다.
도 4는 개량된 원유의 고 비등점 분획의 재순환을 갖는 통합된 수소처리 및 스팀 열분해 공정의 추가 실시형태의 공정 흐름도이다.
도면에 기술된 실시형태는 본질적으로 예시적인 것이고, 청구범위를 한정하는 것으로 의도되지 않는다. 또한, 도면의 개별 특징은 상세한 설명의 측면에서 더욱 충분히 명백하고 이해될 것이다.
Claims (20)
- 원유의 개량(upgrading) 방법으로서,
원유 스트림을 수소 스트림과 혼합하여 원유 및 수소 혼합물을 수득하는 단계;
상기 원유 및 수소 혼합물을 300 내지 450℃의 온도 및 30 내지 200 bar의 압력에서 작동하는 수소처리 반응기(hydroprocessing reactor)로 진행시키는 단계로서, 상기 수소처리 반응기는 수소처리된 혼합물을 형성하기 위해 상기 원유 및 수소 혼합물을 탈황화시키고 탈금속화시키는 수소처리 촉매(hydroprocessing catalyst)를 포함하는, 상기 수소처리 반응기로 진행시키는 단계;
상기 수소처리된 혼합물을 분리기 유닛으로 진행시켜 상기 수소처리된 혼합물을 저 비등점 분획 및 고 비등점 분획으로 분리시키는 단계로서, 상기 고 비등 분획은 상기 저 비등점 분획보다 더 높은 방향족 화합물 농도 및 더 높은 비등점을 갖고, 상기 고 비등점 분획은 적어도 500℃의 비등점을 갖는, 상기 분리시키는 단계;
700 내지 900℃의 온도에서 작동하는 스팀 분해로(steam cracking furnace)에서 상기 저 비등점 분획을 열 분해시켜(thermal cracking) 올레핀 및 방향족 화합물을 포함하는 분해 유출물(cracking effluent)을 수득하는 단계; 및
상기 수소처리 반응기의 상류에 있는 상기 원유 및 수소 혼합물과 혼합하기 위하여 상기 고 비등점 분획을 재순환시켜 상기 원유의 추가 개량을 촉진시키는 단계를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분리기 유닛은 플래시 용기(flash vessel) 및 상기 플래시 용기의 하류에 있는 증류 용기를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 분리기 유닛에 의한 분리는,
상기 수소처리된 혼합물을 제1 저 비등점 분획 및 제1 고 비등점 분획으로 분리시키는 플래시 용기로서, 상기 제1 저 비등점 분획은 350℃ 미만의 비등점 범위를 갖고, 상기 제1 고비등점 분획은 350℃ 초과의 비등 범위를 갖는, 상기 플래시 용기; 및
상기 제1 고 비등점 분획을 제2 저 비등점 분획 및 상기 고 비등점 분획으로 분리시키는 증류 용기로서, 상기 제2 저 비등점 분획은 350℃ 초과 내지 500℃ 미만의 비등점 범위를 갖고, 상기 고 비등점 분획은 500℃ 초과의 비등점을 갖는, 상기 증류 용기를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법. - 제3항에 있어서, 상기 저 비등점 분획을 수득하기 위해 상기 제1 저 비등점 분획과 상기 제2 저 비등점 분획을 조합시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소 스트림과 혼합하기 전에 상기 원유를 적어도 300℃의 온도까지 예열시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소처리 촉매는 적어도 하나의 8족 금속, 적어도 하나의 6족 금속, 또는 이들의 조합물을 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 수소처리 촉매는 Co 및 Ni를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소처리 촉매는 지지체 물질 상에 지지된 Mo 및 W를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 지지체 물질은 알루미나를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 원유 스트림은 25°내지 50°의 API 비중(API Gravity)(°)을 갖는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소 스트림은 수소 및 재순환 수소를 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소처리 반응기는 복수의 촉매층을 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 수소처리 반응기의 시간당 액체 공간 속도(liquid hourly space velocity: LHSV)가 0.1 내지 2.0 h-1인 방법
- 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 스팀 분해로는 대류 구획, 및 상기 대류 구획의 하류에 있는 열분해 구획(pyrolysis section)을 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 대류 구획은 0.3:1 내지 2:0.1의 스팀 대 경질 분획 비를 갖는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제14항 또는 제15항에 있어서, 상기 대류 구획은 0.05 내지 2초의 반응 체류 시간을 허용하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제16항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 분해 유출물 중의 상기 방향족 화합물은 벤젠, 톨루엔 및 자일렌 중 1종 이상을 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제17항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 분해 유출물을 200℃ 미만의 온도까지 냉각시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제18항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 분해 유출물을 가스-액체 분리기, 오일-액체 분리기, 또는 이들의 조합에 전달하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제19항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 분류기(fractionator)에서 상기 분해 유출물로부터 올레핀을 분리시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 원유의 개량 방법.
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