KR20180105733A - 양자 세포 치료제를 제조하는 개선된 방법 - Google Patents
양자 세포 치료제를 제조하는 개선된 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 상이한 방법을 사용하여 활성화시킨 세포의 형질도입 효율을 나타낸다. PBMC는 (i) 플레이트 결합된 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체; (ii) 가용성 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체; 및 (iii) 비드 결합된 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체를 사용하여 활성화시켰다. 활성화된 세포는 1-2×108 TU/106 PBMC에서 항-CD19 CAR 발현 렌티바이러스로 형질도입시켰다. 형질도입 효율 및 VCN는, 다른 방법과 비교하여 가용성 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체로 활성화시킨 T 세포 마커 CD3, CD8 또는 CD4를 발현하는 GFP에서 가장 높았다.
도 3은 세포 배양 백에서의 활성화 및 형질도입이 플라스크에서의 형질도입에 필적함을 나타낸다. PBMC는 50ng/mL의 농도로 가용성 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체를 사용하여 D0에서 활성화시켰다. 활성화된 세포는 D1의 3×108 TU/106 PBMC에서 캅파LC 발현 렌티바이러스로 형질도입시켰다. 형질도입 효율은, 세포를 활성화시키고 세포 배양 백 또는 플라스크에서 형질도입시킨 경우에 필적했다. VCN은 세포 배양 백에서 활성화 및 형질도입시킨 세포에서 약간 더 높았다.
도 4는 상이한 방법으로 활성화시킨 PBMC 중에서 T 세포 확장이 동등함을 나타낸다. PBMC는 (i) 플레이트 결합된 항-CD3 항 항-CD28 항체; 및 (ii) 가용성 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체를 사용하여 활성화시키거나; 정제된 림프구를 (iii) 비드 결합된 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체로 활성화시켰다. PBMC 및 림프구는 동일한 공급원으 것이었다. 활성화된 세포는 1-2×108 TU/106 PBMC에서 항-CD19 CAR 발현 렌티바이러스로 형질도입시켰다. 3개 방법에 의해 활성화시킨 PBMC 중에서 세포 확장은 10일 확장 배양 기간 전체에 걸쳐 동등했다.
도 5는 복수의 공여체로부터의 PBMC가 동등한 및 견고한 확장을 나타냈음을 나타낸다. PBMC를 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체를 사용하여 활성화시켰다. 활성화된 세포는 1-2×108 TU/106 PBMC에서 항-CD19 CAR 발현 렌티바이러스로 형질도입시켰다. 10일 동안 배양한 복수의 공여체로부터 활성화 및 형질도입된 세포는 서로 및 형질도입되지 않은 대조군(UTD) 사이에서 동등한 성장율을 나타냈다. 각각의 확장된 배양에서 10일에 존재하는 림프구의 수가 또한 제시되어 있다.
도 6은, 약 61% 마킹의 평균 및 29% 내지 80%(n=5)의 범위를 사용하여, 상이한 환자로부터 생서된 세포 생성물 사이에서 항-CD19 CAR 발현이 동등함을 나타내는 대표적 FACS 분석이다. qPCR은 또한 세포 생생물 중의 VCN이 상이한 환자로부터 생성된 세포 생성물 사이에서 동등함을 증명했다.
도 7은 가용성 항체를 사용하여 활성화시킨 T 세포에 의한 항원 특이적 종양 클리어런스가 다른 방법을 사용하여 활성화시킨 T 세포보다 양호하거나 보다 우수한 것을 나타낸다. PBMC는 (i) 플레이트 결합된 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체; (ii) 가용성 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체; 및 (iii) 비드 결합된 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체를 사용하여 활성화시켰다. 활성화된 세포는 1-2×108 TU/106 PBMC에서 항-CD19 CAR 발현 렌티바이러스로 형질도입시켰다. 확장된 항-CD19 CAR T 세포를 CD19 발현 바우디(Baudi) 세포 또는 비-CD19 발현 K562 세포와 함께 공-배양했다. 가영성 항체를 사용하여 활성화시킨 항-CD19 CAR T 세포는 항원 특이적 방식으로 다우디 세포를 사멸시켰지만, 다른 방법에 의해 활성화시킨 항-CD19 CAR T 세포는 양호하게 또는 보다 우수하게 K562 세포를 사멸시키지는 않았다.
도 8은 본원에서 의도된 방법을 사용하여 제조한 CAR T 세포에 의한 항원 특이적 종양 클리어런스의 대표적 실험을 나타낸다. PBMC는 가용성 항-CD3 및 항-CD28 항체를 사용하여 활성화시키고, 1-2×108 TU/106 PBMC에서 항-CD19 CAR 발현 렌티바이러스로 형질도입시켰다. 항-CD19 CAR T 세포는 CD19 발현 다우디 Daudi 세포를 사멸시켰지만, 비-CD19 발현 K562 세포를 사멸시키지는 않았다.
도 9는 소규모 연구 T 세포 제조 플랫폼 및 대규모 임상 cGMP 약물 제조 플랫폼의 플로우차트 비교를 나타낸다. 소규모 프로세스는 데이터가 대규모 cGMP 제조 플랫폼에 필적할 수 있다는 보증과 함께 CART 작제물의 보다 높은 산출량 평가를 가능하게 했다.
도 10은 신선한 PBMC, 세포 배양 백 및 임의로 WAVE 생물반응기를 사용한 T 세포 제조 플랫폼의 플로우차트를 나타낸다.
도 11은 동결된 PBMC, 세포 배양 백 및 임의로 WAVE 생물반응기를 사용한 T 세포 제조 플랫폼의 플로우차트를 나타낸다.
도 12는 시선한 PBMC 및 GREX 생물반응기를 사용한 T 세포 제조 플랫폼의 플로우차트를 나타낸다.
도 13는 소규모 및 대규모 제ㅗ 방법으로부터 최종 제조된 CAR T 세포 생성물의 표현형을 비교하는 대표적 실험을 나타낸다. CD4, CD8, CAR T 작제물, CD56 및 CD62L 세포 표면 마커의 발현에 대한 FACS 분석은 플랫폼 사이에 최종 CAR T 생성물의 표현형의 어떠한 유의한 차이도 동정하지 않았다. 2개 플랫폼 사이에서 모든 표면 마커에 대한 p≥0.20. (n=3).
도 14는 세포 세이버(Cell Saver®) 5+ 자가 혈액 회수 시스템(Haemonetics)에 대해 수행된 FICOLL™ 단리 및 세척을 사용하여 18개 공여체로부터의 PBMC의 세포 조성물을 나타낸다. 수득되는 세포 모집단은 CD45+ 세포, T 세포, CD4+ T 세포, CD8+ T 세포, B 세포, NK 세포 및 단핵구 및 수지상 세포에 대한 FACS를 특징으로 한다. 18개 공여체 가운데 세포 프로파일이 일치하였다.
도 15는 상이한 방법을 사용하여 제조하는 CAR T 세포가 최종 세포 생성물과 비교하여 생성되었음을 나타낸다. CAR T 세포는 소규모(T25 플라스크) 및 대규모(GREX100, 정적 세포 배양 백 및 WAVE 생물반응기) 장치를 사용하여 제조했다. 10일 배양 기간에 걸쳐 세포 성장률 및 확장된 세포 수는 방법 사이에서 동등했다. (A). FACS 분석은 CD3+ 세포의 양이 제조 방법 사이에서 일치했음을 나타냈다. (B). qPCR은 CD3+ 세포의 VCN이 시험된 다양한 제조 방법 사이에서 동등했음을 나타냈다.
도 16은 복수의 렌티바이러스 CAR 작제물의 카툰 맵을 나타낸다. 작제물은 프로모터, scFV, +/- 링커, 힌지, 막관통 영역 및 시그날전달 도메인이 상이했다.
도 17은 다양한 CAR T 세포 생성물이 (A) 동등한 성장률; (B) VCN; 및 (C) 상이한 CAR 작제물의 세포 표면 발현을 나타냈음을 나타낸다.
도 18은 CAR T 세포의 발현을 사용하는 항원 특이적 종양 클리어런스를 나타낸다. (A). 항-BCMA 발현 CAR T 세포는 카복시플루오레세인 석신이미딜 에스테르(CFSE)로 표지된 BCMA 발현 종양 세포를 사멸시켰고; 형광은 FACS에 의해 측정했다. (B). 항-BCMA 발현 CAR T 세포는 BCMA를 발현하도록 유전적으로 변형된 K562 세포 및 K562 세포와 공-배양했고, 상청액은 24시간 후에 수집했고, ELISA에 의해 IFN-γ 방출에 대해 분석했다.(n=3).
대규모 제조 플랫폼으로 이동된 소규모 요소 | |
출발 물질 | PBMC |
배지 제형 | TCGM: 5% HABS, 2mM 글루타맥스, 10mM HEPES 및 250IU/mL의IL-2(및 임의로 IL7 및/또는 IL-15)이 보충된 XVIVO-15 |
활성화 방법 | 50ng/mL 가용성 항-CD3 및 50ng/mL 가용성 항-CD28 항체 |
형질도입 | 활성화후 20-24시간 형질도입 |
확장 | 세포는 0.3×106 세포/mL 내지 0.5×106 세포/mL에서 다시 씨딩하여 대수기 성장으로 유지했다. |
Claims (70)
- a) T 세포 및 항원 제시 세포(APC)를 포함하는 세포 모집단을 수득하는 단계;
b) i) 하나 이상의 사이토킨, ii) 항-CD3 항체 또는 이의 CD3-결합 단편 및 (iii) 항-CD28 항체 또는 이의 CD28-결합 단편, B7-1 또는 이의 CD28-결합 단편, 또는 B7-2 또는 이의 CD28-결합 단편을 포함하는 세포 배양 배지에서 세포 모집단을 배양하는 단계로서, 여기서 상기 배양은 T 세포를 활성화시키고 자극시키는 단계;
c) 활성화된 세포의 모집단을 바이러스 벡터로 형질도입시키는 단계; 및
d) 세포 성장 배지에서 세포 모집단을 배양하여 형질도입된 T 세포를 확장시킴으로써 T 세포 치료제를 제조하는 단계를 포함하는,
T 세포 치료제를 제조하는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 말초혈, 말초혈 단핵구 세포, 골수, 림프절 조직, 제대혈, 흉선 이슈, 감염 부위 조직, 복수, 흉수, 비장 조직 또는 종양으로부터 수득되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포가 말초혈, 말초혈 단핵구 세포, 골수, 림프절 조직, 제대혈, 흉선 이슈, 감염 부위 조직, 복수, 흉수, 비장 조직, 종양 또는 T 세포주로부터 수득되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 APC가 말초혈, 말초혈 단핵구 세포, 골수, 림프절 조직, 제대혈, 흉선 이슈, 감염 부위 조직, 복수, 흉수, 비장 조직 또는 종양으로부터 수득되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 말초혈 단핵구 세포(PBMC)를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단을 수거 또는 수득하는 것이 백혈구분리반출을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 세포 모집단을 단리하는 것이 침강을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 침강이 FICOLL™ 또는 PERCOLL™ 구배를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제7항 또는 제8항에 있어서, 상기 침강이 반자동 플로우쓰로우 원심분리를 사용하여 수행되는, 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 반자동 플로우쓰로우 원심분리가 코베(Cobe) 2991 세포 프로세서, 세포 세이버(Cell Saver) 5+ 또는 엘루트라(Elutra)인, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제10항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 세포 모집단을 완충제 또는 세포 배양 배지에서 세척하는 것을 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이, 하나 이상의 사이토킨을 함유하는 T 세포 성장 배지(TCGM)에서 세척되는, 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서, TCGM 중의 상기 하나 이상의 사이토킨이 IL-2, IL7, IL-15, IL-9 및 IL-21로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 사이토킨이 IL-2인, 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 IL-2의 농도가 약 250IU/mL인, 방법.
- 제11항 내지 제15항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 단리된 세포 모집단이 PBMC를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 조절된 속도의 냉동기에서 동결보존되는, 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 동결보존된 세포 모집단이 해동되는, 방법.
- 제1항 또는 제18항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 단계(b)에서 배양하기 위해 약 1×106 세포/mL의 밀도로 TCGM에 씨딩되는, 방법.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 세포 배양 백 또는 생물반응기에서 배양되는, 방법.
- 제19항 또는 제20항에 있어서, 상기 TCGM이 IL-2, IL7, IL-15, IL-9 및 IL-21로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 사이토킨을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제21항에 있어서, 상기 하나 이상의 사이토킨이 IL-2, IL-7 및 IL-15로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제21항에 있어서, 상기 하나 이상의 사이토킨이 IL-2를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제21항 내지 제23항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 하나 이상의 사이토킨의 농도가 약 250IU/mL인, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제24항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 가용성 항-CD3 항체 및 가용성 항-CD28 항체와 함께 배양되는, 방법.
- 제24항에 있어서, 상기 항-CD3 항체의 농도가 약 50ng/mL인, 방법.
- 제25항에 있어서, 상기 항-CD28 항체의 농도가 약 50ng/mL인, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제27항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 b)의 상기 세포 모집단이 형질도입 전에 약 12시간 내지 약 48시간 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제27항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 b)의 상기 세포 모집단이 활성화시에 형질도입되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제27항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 b)의 상기 세포 모집단이 형질도입 전에 약 1시간 내지 약 12시간 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제27항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 b)의 상기 세포 모집단이 형질도입 전에 약 16시간 내지 약 32시간 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제27항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 b)의 상기 세포 모집단이 형질도입 전에 적어도 18시간 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제27항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 b)의 세포 모집단이 형질도입 전에 적어도 24시간 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제33항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 d)의 상기 세포 모집단이 레트로바이러스 벡터로 형질도입되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제34항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 d)의 상기 세포 모집단이 렌티바이러스 벡터로 형질도입되는, 방법.
- 제19항 내지 제35항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 약 1×109 TU 내지 약 2×109 TU의 바이러스 벡터가 1×108 개의 씨딩되는 세포를 형질도입하기 위해 사용되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제36항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 바이러스 벡터가 전체 배양 용적의 20% v/v로 희석되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제36항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 바이러스 벡터가 전체 배양 용적의 약 40% 내지 약 50% v/v로 희석되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제38항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 약 18 내지 약 48시간 동안 형질도입되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제38항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 약 18 내지 약 36시간 동안 형질도입되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제38항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 세포 모집단이 약 24시간 동안 형질도입되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제41항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 바이러스 벡터가 키메라 항원 수용체를 코딩하는 폴리뉴클레오티드를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제42항에 있어서, 상기 CAR이
a) 알파 폴레이트 수용체, 5T4, αvβ6 인테그린, BCMA, B7-H3, B7-H6, CAIX, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD33, CD44, CD44v6, CD44v7/8, CD70, CD79a, CD79b, CD123, CD138, CD171, CEA, CSPG4, EGFR, ErbB2(HER2)를 포함하는 EGFR 계열, EGFRvIII, EGP2, EGP40, EPCAM, EphA2, EpCAM, FAP, 태아 AchR, FRα, GD2, GD3, '글리피칸-3(GPC3), HLA-A1+MAGE1, HLA-A2+MAGE1, HLA-A3+MAGE1, HLA-A1+NY-ESO-1, HLA-A2+NY-ESO-1, HLA-A3+NY-ESO-1, IL-11Rα, IL-13Rα2, 람다, 르위스-Y(Lewis-Y), Kappa, 메소텔린(Mesothelin), Muc1, Muc16, NCAM, NKG2D 리간드, NY-ESO-1, PRAME, PSCA, PSMA, ROR1, SSX, 수르비빈(Survivin), TAG72, TEM 및 VEGFR2로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 항원에 결합하는 세포외 도메인;
b) CD8α; CD4, CD28, CD45, PD1 및 CD152로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 폴리펩티드로부터 유래되는 막관통 도메인;
c) CD28, CD54(ICAM), CD134(OX40), CD137(41BB), CD152(CTLA4), CD273(PD-L2), CD274(PD-L1) 및 CD278(ICOS)로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 하나 이상의 세포내 공-자극 시그날전달 도메인; 및
d) CD3ζ 시그날전달 도메인을 포함하는, 방법. - 제43항에 있어서, 상기 세포외 도메인이 항원에 결합하는 항체 또는 항원 결합 단편을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제43항에 있어서, 상기 막관통 도메인이 CD8α 또는 CD28로부터 유래되는, 방법.
- 제43항에 있어서, 상기 하나 이상의 공-자극 시그날전달 도메인이 CD28, CD134 및 CD137로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택되는, 방법.
- 제43항에 있어서, 힌지 영역 폴리펩티드를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제47항에 있어서, 상기 힌지 영역 폴리펩티드가 IgG1 또는 CD8α의 힌지 영역을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제43항에 있어서, 시그날 펩티드를 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 시그날 펩티드가 IgG1 중쇄 시그날 폴리펩티드, CD8α 시그날 폴리펩티드 또는 인간 GM-CSF 수용체 알파 시그날 폴리펩티드를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제50항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 d)에서 상기 세포 모집단이 확장을 위해 약 5 내지 약 8일 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제50항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 d)에서 상기 세포 모집단이 확장을 위해 세포 배양 백에서 약 5일 내지 약 8일 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제50항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 d)에서 상기 세포 모집단이 확장을 위해 세포 배양 백에서 약 5일 동안 배양되고, 이어서 생물반응기에서 약 3일 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제50항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 단계 d)에서 상기 세포 모집단이 확장을 위해 생물반응기에서 약 5일 내지 약 8일 동안 배양되는, 방법.
- 제53항 또는 제54항에 있어서, 상기 생물반응기가 WAVE 생물반응기 또는 GREX 생물반응기인, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 50배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 100배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 200배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 300배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 400배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 500배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제55항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포의 수가 단계 d)의 배양 동안 적어도 600배 확장되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제62항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 방법이 제조된 T 세포 치료제를 회수하는 것을 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제63항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포 치료제를 회수하는 것이 단계 d)에서 확장된 세포를 농축 및 세척하는 것을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제64항에 있어서, 상기 T 세포 치료제가 반자동 플로우쓰로우 원심분리를 사용하여 농축 및 세척되는, 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 반자동 플로우쓰로우 원심분리가 세포 세이버 5+ 또는 LOVO인, 방법.
- 제63항 내지 제66항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 방법이 T 세포 치료제를 동결보존하는 것을 추가로 포함하는, 방법.
- 제67항에 있어서, 상기 동결보존된 T 세포가 양자 세포 요법의 방법에서 사용하기 위해 해동되는, 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제68항 중의 어느 한 항의 제조된 T 세포 및 생리학적으로 허용되는 부형제를 포함하는 조성물.
- 제69항의 T 세포 치료제를 대상체에게 투여하는 것을 포함하는, 이를 필요로 하는 대상체에서 악성종양을 치료하는 방법.
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