KR20170105138A - 열간 가공 공구 강 및 열간 가공 공구 강 제조를 위한 방법 - Google Patents
열간 가공 공구 강 및 열간 가공 공구 강 제조를 위한 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20170105138A KR20170105138A KR1020177025271A KR20177025271A KR20170105138A KR 20170105138 A KR20170105138 A KR 20170105138A KR 1020177025271 A KR1020177025271 A KR 1020177025271A KR 20177025271 A KR20177025271 A KR 20177025271A KR 20170105138 A KR20170105138 A KR 20170105138A
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- tool steel
- steel
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- low chrome
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 89
- 229910000717 Hot-working tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 61
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 38
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 20
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 18 wt% and 4 wt% Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynevanadium(1+) Chemical class [V+]#[C-] ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000976924 Inca Species 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006902 nitrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 상이한 템퍼링 온도들에서 Cr: 15, Mo: 1, C: 0.6 및 Cr: 15, Mo: 1, C: 0.29, N: 0.35(중량 %의 함량)인 종래 기술의 강들의 경도를 도시하는 다이어그램이다.
도 3은 오스테나이트에서 M(C,N)의 안정성에 대한 저크롬 함량의 효과를 예시하는 다이어그램이다.
도 4는 온도에 따라 M6C, M(C,N) 및 bcc 기지(matrix)의 몰분율(mole fraction)을 도시하는 다이어그램이다(잔부 상: 오스테나이트 기지).
도 5는 온도에 따라 M(C,N) 상 및 준안정 M2C의 양을 도시하는 다이어그램이다(잔부 상: 페라이트).
도 6은 시험 합금들(N0.05, N0.10 및 N0.30)을 위한 경도 대 템퍼링 온도 곡선들을 도시하는 다이어그램이다.
도 7은 NO.05에서 작은 미용해(undissolved) M(C,N) 석출물들 및 구상 혼합된(globular mixed) 산화물-황화물 입자를 도시하는 후방 산란식(back-scattered) SEM 이미지이다.
도 8은 합금 NO.10에서 포머(former) 오스테나이트 결정립계들에서 미용해된 1차 M(C,N)을 드러내는 후방 산란식 SEM 이미지이다.
도 9는 연화 소둔된(soft annealed) NO.10에서 1차 입자들을 도시하는 후방 산락식 SEM 이미지이다.
도 10은 NO.30에서 미용해된 M(C,N) 입자들의 균일 분포를 드러내는 후방 산란식 SEM 이미지이다.
도 11은 N0.30에서 발견된 미용해된 M(C,N)의 일부 클러스터들을 드러내는 후방 산란식 SEM 이미지이다.
Claims (15)
- 중량 %로,
C: 0.08 - 0.40
N: 0.015 - 0.30
C + N: 0.30 - 0.50
Cr: 1 - 4
Mo: 1.5 - 3
V: 0.8 - 1.3
Mn: 0.5 - 2
Si: 0.1 - 0.5,
선택적으로,
Ni: 3 미만
Co: 5 이하
B: 0.01 미만, 및
Fe: 불순물을 제외한 잔부(balance)로 구성된,
저크롬 열간 가공 공구강.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
하나 또는 그 초과의 하기 조건들을 만족하는, 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강:
중량 %로,
C: 0.20 - 0.38, 바람직하게는, 0.30 - 0.35
N: 0.03 - 0.30, 바람직하게는, 0.03 - 0.10
C + N: 0.30 - 0.50, 바람직하게는, 0.36 - 0.44
Cr: 1 - 3, 바람직하게는, 1.2 - 2.6
Mo: 1.9 - 2.9, 바람직하게는, 2.2 - 2.8
V: 1.0 - 1.3, 바람직하게는, 1.15 - 1.25
Mn: 1 - 2, 바람직하게는, 1.1 - 1.9
Si: 0.1 - 0.5, 바람직하게는, 0.2 - 0.4
Ni: 1 미만, 바람직하게는, 0.25 미만
Co: 4 미만, 바람직하게는, 0.20 미만
B: 0.001 - 0.01, 바람직하게는, 0.001 - 0.005.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
하나 또는 그 초과의 하기 조건들을 만족하는, 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강:
중량 %로,
C: 0.25 내지 0.35, 바람직하게는, 0.27 - 0.34
N: 0.04 - 0.30, 바람직하게는, 0.04 - 0.10
C + N: 0.38 - 0.42
Cr: 1.3 - 2.5, 바람직하게는, 1.4 - 2.3.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 3 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
하나 또는 그 초과의 하기 조건들을 만족하는, 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강:
중량 %로,
N: 0.042 - 0.15, 바람직하게는, 0.045 - 0.12
C + N: 0.39 - 0.41
Cr: 1.3 - 2.3, 바람직하게는, 1.4 - 2.1.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 4 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
하나 또는 그 초과의 하기 조건들을 만족하는, 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강:
중량 %로,
C: 0.20 - 0.35, 바람직하게는, 0.30 - 0.34
N: 0.042 - 0.12, 바람직하게는, 0.045 - 0.12
C + N: 0.39 - 0.41
Cr: 1.4 - 1.9, 바람직하게는, 1.5 - 1.7
Mo/V: 1.8 - 2.3, 바람직하게는, 1.9 - 2.1
Cr/V: 2 미만, 바람직하게는, 1.8 미만.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
중량 %로,
C: 0.20 - 0.40
N: 0.03 - 0.30
C + N: 0.30 - 0.50
Cr: 1.2 - 2.3
Mo: 1 - 3
V: 0.8 - 1.3
Mn: 1 - 2
Si: 0.1 - 0.4
Ni: 1 미만,
선택적으로,
Co: 3 내지 5
B: 0.001 - 0.01
Mo/V: 1.8 - 2.3
Cr/V: 2 미만
Fe: 불순물을 제외한 잔부(balance)로 구성된,
저크롬 열간 가공 공구강.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
중량 %로,
C: 0.20 - 0.40
N: 0.03 - 0.30
C + N: 0.30 - 0.50
Cr: 1.2 - 2.3
Mo: 1.5 - 3
V: 0.8 - 1.3
Mn: 1 - 2
Si: 0.1 - 0.4
Ni: 1 미만,
선택적으로,
Co: 3 내지 5
B: 0.001 - 0.01
Mo/V: 1.8 - 2.3
Cr/V: 2 미만
Fe: 불순물을 제외한 잔부(balance)로 구성된,
저크롬 열간 가공 공구강.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
중량 %로,
C: 0.20 - 0.40
N: 0.04 - 0.30
C + N: 0.30 - 0.50
Cr: 1.2 - 2.3
Mo: 1 - 3
V: 0.8 - 1.3
Mn: 1 - 2
Si: 0.1 - 0.4
Ni: 1 미만
Co: 0.2 미만,
선택적으로,
B: 0.001 - 0.01
Mo/V: 1.8 - 2.3
Cr/V: 2 미만
Fe: 불순물을 제외한 잔부(balance)로 구성된,
저크롬 열간 가공 공구강.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
중량 %로,
C: 0.20 - 0.38
N: 0.04 - 0.30
C +N 0.36 - 0.44
Cr: 1.2 - 2.3
Mo: 1.9 - 2.9
V: 0.8 - 1.3
Mn: 1 - 2
Si: 0.1 - 0.4
Ni: 0.25 미만
Co: 0.20 미만,
선택적으로,
B: 0.001 - 0.01
Mo/V: 1.8 - 2.3
Cr/V: 2 미만
Fe: 불순물을 제외한 잔부(balance)로 구성된,
저크롬 열간 가공 공구강.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
중량 %로,
C: 0.30 - 0.34
N: 0.04 - 0.09
C + N: 0.37 - 0.43
Cr: 1.4 - 1.9
Mo : 2.2 - 2.8
V: 1.0 - 1.3
Mn: 1 - 2
Si: 0.2 - 0.4
Ni: 0.25 미만
Co: 0.20 미만,
선택적으로,
B: 0.001 - 0.005
Mo/V: 1.8 - 2.3
Cr/V: 2 미만
Fe: 불순물을 제외한 잔부(balance)로 구성된,
저크롬 열간 가공 공구강.
- a) 제 1 항 내지 제 10 항 중 어느 한 항에서 규정된 바와 같은 강을 제공하는 단계,
b) 상기 강으로부터 강 제품을 포밍하는 단계,
c) 상기 b) 단계에서 얻어진 강 제품을 담금질(quenching)이 후속되는 대략 30분의 시간 동안 1200℃ 이하(at most)의 온도로 오스테나이트화하는 단계, 및
d) 500℃ 내지 700℃의 온도에서 2 시간 동안 담금질된 강 제품을 적어도 2 회 템퍼링하는 단계를 포함하는,
증가된 템퍼링 내성을 갖는 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강 제품을 제조하기 위한 방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
1050 - 1150℃, 바람직하게는, 1080 - 1150℃의 온도에서 강 제품의 오스테나이트화를 실행하는 단계를 포함하는,
증가된 템퍼링 내성을 갖는 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강 제품을 제조하기 위한 방법.
- 제 11 항 또는 제 12 항에 있어서,
550 - 680℃, 바람직하게는, 600 - 650℃ 및 더 바람직하게는 625 - 650℃의 온도에서 담금질된 강 제품의 템퍼링을 실행하는 단계를 포함하는,
증가된 템퍼링 내성을 갖는 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강 제품을 제조하기 위한 방법.
- 제 11 항 내지 제 13 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
질소를 제외하고 본질적으로 소망하는 조성의 강 분말을 우선 제작(manufacturing)하고, 이후 소망하는 조성을 제공하기 위해서 질소 가스에 의해 고상으로(solid state) 이 분말을 질화하고, 그 후에 잉곳을 형성하기 위해서 이 분말을 열간 프레싱(hot pressing)함으로써 질소를 포함시키는 단계를 더 포함하는,
증가된 템퍼링 내성을 갖는 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강 제품을 제조하기 위한 방법.
- 제 11 항 내지 제 14 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
오스테나이트화 단계 이전에, 잉곳의 균질화(homogenizing), 단조(forging) 및 연화 소둔(soft annealing) 단계들을 더 포함하는,
증가된 템퍼링 내성을 갖는 저크롬 열간 가공 공구강 제품을 제조하기 위한 방법.
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SE1150200A1 (sv) | 2012-09-05 |
TW201303043A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
RU2013142584A (ru) | 2015-04-10 |
KR102012950B1 (ko) | 2019-08-21 |
CN103703150B (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
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US20140056749A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
PL2681340T3 (pl) | 2015-10-30 |
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BR112013022606A2 (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
US20160115573A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
JP5837945B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
KR20150047636A (ko) | 2015-05-04 |
EP2681340A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
DK2681340T3 (en) | 2015-06-29 |
ES2540905T3 (es) | 2015-07-14 |
WO2012119925A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
KR20140015445A (ko) | 2014-02-06 |
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