KR20160129731A - 리튬 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20160129731A KR20160129731A KR1020160050071A KR20160050071A KR20160129731A KR 20160129731 A KR20160129731 A KR 20160129731A KR 1020160050071 A KR1020160050071 A KR 1020160050071A KR 20160050071 A KR20160050071 A KR 20160050071A KR 20160129731 A KR20160129731 A KR 20160129731A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- active material
- precursor
- phosphate nanoparticles
- metal phosphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 3-butanediol Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012688 phosphorus precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013439 LiZr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IAQLJCYTGRMXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;acetate;dihydrate Chemical group [Li+].O.O.CC([O-])=O IAQLJCYTGRMXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DDXPLCBTGWFAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazanium;phosphate;trihydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O.O.O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DDXPLCBTGWFAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LRPQHRZRXAFVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium phosphate dodecahydrate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRPQHRZRXAFVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 40
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 34
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZJJZMXEQNFTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;zirconium;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zr].ClOCl VZJJZMXEQNFTLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRDNPBZHTNWUGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium dihydrogen phosphate hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].OP(O)(O)=O PRDNPBZHTNWUGR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium Chemical compound CN(C)[Ti](N(C)C)(N(C)C)N(C)C MNWRORMXBIWXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IINACGXCEZNYTF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroyttrium;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] IINACGXCEZNYTF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015041 whisky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.O.[Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(4+) ion Chemical group [Zr+4] GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
[화학식 1]
Li(1+a)(Ni1-b-cMbCoc)O2
상기 식에서, M은 Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Cr, Sr, V, Sc 및 Y로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 금속이고, 0≤a≤0.2, 0≤b≤1, 0≤c≤1이다.
[화학식 2]
Li1 + xM'xM''2-x(PO4)3
상기 식에서, M'는 Al, Y, Cr 또는 Ca 이고, M''는 Ge, Ti, Sn, Hf, Zn 또는 Zr 이며, 0≤x≤0.5이다.
Description
도 2는 제조예 1에서 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자에 대한 XRD 그래프이다.
도 3은 제조예 2에서 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자에 대한 전자현미경(SEM) 사진이다.
도 4는 제조예 2에서 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자에 대한 XRD 그래프이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예 1에 따라 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 포함하는 양극활물질 표면에 대한 전자현미경 사진이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 실시예 2에 따라 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질 표면에 대한 전자현미경 사진이다.
도 7은 본 발명의 실시예 3에 따라 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 포함하는 양극활물질 표면에 대한 전자현미경 사진이다.
도 8은 본 발명의 실시예 4에 따라 제조된 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 포함하는 양극활물질 표면에 대한 전자현미경 사진이다.
도 9는 본 발명의 실험예 1에 따른 셀의 충방전 싸이클에 따른 용량 변화 그래프이다.
도 10은 본 발명의 실험예 1에 따른 셀의 충방전 싸이클에 따른 충방전 변화 그래프이다.
도 11은 본 발명의 실험예 2에 따른 셀의 충방전 싸이클에 따른 용량 변화 그래프이다.
도 12는 본 발명의 실험예 2에 따른 셀의 충방전 싸이클에 따른 충방전 변화 그래프이다.
도 13은 본 발명의 실험예 3에 따른 셀의 충방전 싸이클에 따른 용량 변화 그래프이다.
도 14 내지 도 17은 본 발명의 실험예 3에 따른 셀의 충방전 싸이클에 따른 충방전 변화 그래프이다.
도 18은 본 발명의 실험예 5에 따른 셀에 대한 고온에서 충방전 싸이클에 따른 용량 변화 그래프이다.
실시예3 | 실시예4 | 비교예3 | 비교예4 | |
30 싸이클 후 용량 유지율 |
95.5% | 96.8% | 68.6% | 85.2% |
실시예3 | 실시예4 | 비교예3 | 비교예4 | ||
초기 충전(0.2C) | mAh/g | 196.2 | 195.4 | 195.7 | 195.1 |
초기 방전 (0.2C) | 190.6 | 190.6 | 189.6 | 188.8 | |
초기 충방전 효율 | % | 97.1 | 97.5 | 96.9 | 96.8 |
1.0C(방전)/0.2(방전) | 96.1 | 98.6 | 94.9 | 96.2 | |
2.0C(방전)/0.2(방전) | 92.0 | 94.9 | 88.6 | 89.7 |
실시예3 | 비교예3 | 비교예4 | |
30 싸이클 후 용량 유지율 | 95.5% | 81.5% | 90.2% |
Claims (24)
- 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬 전이금속 산화물 입자; 및
상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물 입자 표면에 배치된 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자;를 포함하는 포함하는 이차전지용 양극활물질:
[화학식 1]
Li(1+a)(Ni1-b-cMbCoc)O2
상기 식에서, M은 Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, Cr, Sr, V, Sc 및 Y로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 금속이고, 0≤a≤0.2, 0≤b≤1, 0≤c≤1이다.
[화학식 2]
Li1 + xM'xM''2-x(PO4)3
상기 식에서, M'는 Al, Y, Cr 또는 Ca 이고, M''는 Ge, Ti, Sn, Hf, Zn 또는 Zr 이며, 0≤x≤0.5이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 LiNi0 . 85Co0 . 10Al0.05O2 (NCA), LiNi1 -x- yCoxMnyO2 (NMC) (0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1) 및 LiCoO2로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나 이상의 물질을 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 화학식 2로 표시되는 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자는 나시콘(NASICON) 구조를 가지는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 화학식 2로 표시되는 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자는 LiTi2(PO4)3, LiZr2(PO4)3, Li1 + xAlxTi2 -x(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.5), Li1 + xAlxZr2 -x(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.5) 및 Li1+xYxZr2-x(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.5)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 4에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자는 Li1 . 4Al0 . 4Ti1 .6(PO4)3, Li1.15Al0.15Zr1.85(PO4)3, 및 Li1 . 15Y0 . 15Zr1 .85(PO4)3 로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 5에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자의 리튬 이온전도도는 상온에서 1×10-3 S/cm 내지 1×10-5 S/cm인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자의 평균입경(D50)은 200nm 이하인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자의 평균입경(D50)은 10nm 내지 200nm인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자는 양극활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1 중량% 내지 2 중량%로 포함되는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자는 양극활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.3 중량% 내지 1 중량%로 포함되는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질의 리튬 이온 전도도는 1×10-3 S/cm 내지 1×10-6 S/cm인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질.
- (a) 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 합성하는 단계;
(b) 분산용매에 상기 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 분산시켜 코팅 용액을 제조하는 단계; 및
(c) 상기 코팅 용액과 리튬 전이금속 산화물 입자를 혼합하여, 리튬 전이금속 산화물 입자 표면에 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 코팅하는 단계;를 포함하는 것인 청구항 1의 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조 방법:
[화학식 2]
Li1 + xM'xM''2-x(PO4)3
상기 식에서, M'는 Al, Y, Cr 또는 Ca 이고, M''는 Ge, Ti, Sn, Hf, Zn 또는 Zr 이며, 0≤x≤0.5이다.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 방법은 코팅 단계 후에, 열처리 단계를 추가로 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 (a) 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자 합성 단계는
상압 반응기에 반응 용매와 리튬 전구체, 인 전구체 및 적어도 2종 이상의 금속 전구체를 함께 투입하여 혼합 용액을 제조하는 단계;
상기 혼합 용액을 200℃까지 승온하면서 교반하는 단계; 및
반응 종결 후, 혼합 용액을 냉각하여 리튬 금속 포스페이트 나노입자를 수득하는 단계;를 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 반응 용매는 분자 내에 히드록시기를 적어도 2개 이상 가지는 다이올, 폴리올, 또는 글리콜 용매를 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,
상기 반응 용매는 에틸렌글리콜, 1,2-프로필렌글리콜, 1,3-프로필렌글리콜, 글리세린, 글리세롤, 디에틸 글리콜, 1,2-부탄디올, 1,3-부탄디올, 1,4-부탄디올, 및 2,3-부탄디올로 이루어지는 군으로 선택된 단일물 또는 이들의 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전구체는 리튬 아세테이트 디하이드레이트, 리튬 히드록사이드 모노하이드레이트, 리튬 히드록사이드, 리튬 카보네이트, 리튬 포스페이트, 리튬 포스페이트 도데카하이드레이트 및 리튬 옥살레이트(Li2C2O4)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 단일물 또는 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질 제조 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 인 전구체는 암모늄 포스페이트, 인산, 트리-암모늄포스페이트 트리하이드레이트 및 암모늄 디하이드로젠 포스페이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 단일물 또는 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질 제조 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 2종 이상의 금속 전구체는 알루미늄 전구체, 티타늄 전구체, 이트륨 전구체, 및 지르코늄 전구체로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질 제조 방법.
- 청구항 14에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전구체 : 인 전구체 : 2종 이상의 금속 전구체의 몰비는 1.1 내지 1.5 : 3 : 0.6 내지 2.5인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질 제조 방법.
- 청구항 20에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전구체 : 인 전구체 : 제1 금속 전구체 : 제2 금속 전구체의 몰비는 1.1 내지 1.5 : 3 : 0.1 내지 0.55 : 0.5 내지 1.95인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질 제조 방법.
- 청구항 21에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전구체 : 인 전구체 : 제1 금속 전구체 : 제2 금속 전구체의 몰비는 1.15 내지 1.4 : 3 : 0.15 내지 0.4 : 1.6 내지 1.85인 것인 이차전지용 양극활물질 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1 기재의 이차전지용 양극활물질을 포함하는 이차전지용 양극.
- 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극,
음극활물질을 포함하는 음극,
상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막, 및
비수 전해질을 포함하며,
상기 양극은 청구항 23의 이차전지용 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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CN107534132A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
JP2018517243A (ja) | 2018-06-28 |
CN107534132B (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
JP6543726B2 (ja) | 2019-07-10 |
KR101840541B1 (ko) | 2018-03-20 |
US10651500B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
US20180090782A1 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
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