KR20140058799A - 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20140058799A KR20140058799A KR1020120124970A KR20120124970A KR20140058799A KR 20140058799 A KR20140058799 A KR 20140058799A KR 1020120124970 A KR1020120124970 A KR 1020120124970A KR 20120124970 A KR20120124970 A KR 20120124970A KR 20140058799 A KR20140058799 A KR 20140058799A
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- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- CUPFNGOKRMWUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;difluoride Chemical compound F.F CUPFNGOKRMWUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 metalloid fluoride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 54
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910016533 Ni0.2Co0.2Mn0.6(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008021 Li-M-F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
화학식 Li[Lix-z(NiaCobMnc)1-x]O2 ?(여기서, a + b + c = 1, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.33, 0 < z ≤ 0.05) 또는 화학식 Li[Lix-z(NiaCobMnc)1-x]O2-yFy (여기서, a + b + c = 1, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.33, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.08, 0 < z ≤ 0.05) 로 표시되는 리튬 망간 과량의 층상구조 복합산화물을 제조하는 제조 단계; 수분 함량 10% 이하의 유기 용제에?금속염과, 암모늄플루오라이드와, 상기 복합산화물을 첨가하여 혼합물을 형성하는 혼합 단계; 및 상기 혼합물을 비활성 분위기 하에서 열처리하여 상기 복합산화물의 표면에 메탈로이드 플루오라이드를 코팅하는 열처리 단계; 를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법을 제공한다.
Description
도 2는 양극 활물질의 코팅 후의 횡단면 TEM 이미지이다.
도 3은 양극 활물질의 코팅 전과 코팅 후의 수명 특성을 비교하여 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 4는 코팅 용제에 따른 방전 용량의 변화를 비교하여 나타낸 그래프이다.
구분 | AlF3 코팅함량 (wt%) |
DI 함유율 (%) |
1st 충전용량 (mAh/g) |
1st 방전용량 (mAh/g) |
초기효율 (%, 방전/충전 용량) |
율 특성 (%, 3C/0.3C용량) ? |
41cycle후 용량유지율 (%) |
Li1+xM1-xO2? | 0 | - | 303 | 269 | 89 | 79 | 52 |
실시예 1 | 0.3 | 5 | 298 | 275 | 92 | 80 | 95 |
실시예 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 294 | 275 | 94 | 83 | 94 |
실시예 3 | 2.0 | 5 | 288 | 270 | 94 | 83 | 93 |
실시예 4 | 1.0 | 10 | 289 | 272 | 94 | 82 | 94 |
비교예 1 | 1.0 | 100 | 285 | 263 | 92 | 82 | 92 |
비교예 2 | 1.0 | 25 | 286 | 263 | 92 | 82 | 94 |
비교예 3 | 0.1 | 5 | 296 | 269 | 91 | 80 | 90 |
비교예 4 | 3.0 | 5 | 273 | 253 | 93 | 83 | 94 |
Li1+xM1-xO2-yFy | 0 | - | 300 | 267 | 89 | 80 | 90 |
실시예 5 | 1.0 | 5 | 289 | 272 | 94 | 83 | 94 |
구분 | AlF3 코팅함량 (wt%) |
DI 함유율 (%) |
△ 1st 충전용량 (mAh/g) |
△ 1st 방전용량 (mAh/g) |
△ 초기효율 (%, 방전/충전 용량) |
△ 율 특성 (%, 3C/0.3C용량) ? |
△ 41cycle후 용량유지율 (%) |
실시예 1 | 0.3 | 5 | -5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 43 |
실시예 2 | 1.0 | 5 | -9 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 42 |
실시예 3 | 2.0 | 5 | -15 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 41 |
실시예 4 | 1.0 | 10 | -14 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 42 |
비교예 1 | 1.0 | 100 | -18 | -6 | 3 | 3 | 40 |
비교예 2 | 1.0 | 25 | -17 | -6 | 3 | 3 | 42 |
비교예 3 | 0.1 | 5 | -7 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 38 |
비교예 4 | 3.0 | 5 | -30 | -16 | 4 | 4 | 42 |
실시예 5 | 1.0 | 5 | -11 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 |
Claims (15)
- 화학식 Li[Lix-z(NiaCobMnc)1-x]O2 ?(여기서, a + b + c = 1, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.33, 0 < z ≤ 0.05) 또는 화학식 Li[Lix-z(NiaCobMnc)1-x]O2-yFy (여기서, a + b + c = 1, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.33, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.08, 0 < z ≤ 0.05) 로 표시되는 리튬 망간 과량의 층상구조 복합산화물을 제조하는 제조 단계;
수분 함량 10% 이하의 유기 용제에?금속염과, 암모늄플루오라이드와, 상기 복합산화물을 첨가하여 혼합물을 형성하는 혼합 단계; 및
상기 혼합물을 비활성 분위기 하에서 열처리하여 상기 복합산화물의 표면에 메탈로이드 플루오라이드(metalloid fluoride)를 코팅하는 열처리 단계;
를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 복합산화물 내의 단사정 (monoclinic) Li2MnO3 영역의 리튬이 코팅층을 형성하는 상기 메탈로이드 플루오라이드와 반응하여 리튬-금속-플루오라이드(Li-M-F) 복합체를 형성하는 단계; 및
상기 단사정 Li2MnO3 영역의 일부의 Li2MnO3가 큐빅 스피넬 (cubic spinel) 구조의 LiMn2O4로 변화되는 단계;
를 추가로 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 복합산화물은 능면정(rhombohedral) LiMO2(여기서 M은 Ni, Co 및 Mn)와, 단사정Li2MnO3를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 메탈로이드 플루오라이드는 AlF3, MgF2, CoF3, NaF 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 복합산화물의 평균 입경은 3 ~ 5 ㎛인 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
코팅된 상기 메탈로이드 플루오라이드의 함량은 상기 양극 활물질에 대하여 0.3 ~ 2.0 wt%인 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 유기 용제는 알코올계 유기 용제인 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 유기 용제는 수분 함량 5% 이하의 알코올계 유기 용제인 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 열처리 단계는 300 ~ 600 ℃ 온도 범위에서 3 ~ 10시간 이루어지는 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 금속염은 금속 알콕사이드, 금속 질산염, 금속 황산염 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제 1 항 내지 제 10 항 중 어느 한 항에 의하여 제조된 양극 활물질.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 복합산화물과 상기 메탈로이드 플루오라이드 코팅층 사이에 상기 복합산화물 내의 층상구조의 리튬 망간 산화물의 일부가 변화되어 형성된 큐빅 스피넬 구조의 리튬 망간 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질. - 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질의 비표면적은 2 ~ 6 m2/g인 양극 활물질. - 제 11 항에 있어서,
코팅된 상기 메탈로이드 플루오라이드의 두께가 3 ~ 20nm인 양극 활물질. - 제 11 항의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극; 및
상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 존재하는 전해질;
을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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