KR20120054365A - 화합물 반도체 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
화합물 반도체 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20120054365A KR20120054365A KR1020100115710A KR20100115710A KR20120054365A KR 20120054365 A KR20120054365 A KR 20120054365A KR 1020100115710 A KR1020100115710 A KR 1020100115710A KR 20100115710 A KR20100115710 A KR 20100115710A KR 20120054365 A KR20120054365 A KR 20120054365A
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- impurity diffusion
- solar cell
- compound semiconductor
- diffusion barrier
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 95
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 66
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001646 UPILEX Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003055 poly(ester-imide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 chalcopyrite compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/244—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. transparent conductive oxide [TCO] layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/16—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers
- H10F10/167—Photovoltaic cells having only PN heterojunction potential barriers comprising Group I-III-VI materials, e.g. CdS/CuInSe2 [CIS] heterojunction photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
- H10F77/1694—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates the films including Group I-III-VI materials, e.g. CIS or CIGS
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/244—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. transparent conductive oxide [TCO] layers
- H10F77/251—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. transparent conductive oxide [TCO] layers comprising zinc oxide [ZnO]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
Description
도 2a 내지 도 2g는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 CIGS계 박막 태양전지의 제조방법을 설명하기 위한 단면도들이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 CIGS계 박막 태양전지의 제조방법을 설명하기 위한 순서도이다.
120: 불순물 확산 방지막 120a: 금속층
120b: 알칼리 성분 130: 후면전극
140: 광흡수층 150: 버퍼층
160: 전면 투명전극 170: 반사 방지막
180: 그리드 전극
Claims (12)
- 기판 상에 제공되되, 알칼리 성분이 첨가되고 크롬, 코발트 또는 구리 중 어느 하나의 금속층으로 이루어진 불순물 확산 방지막;
상기 불순물 확산 방지막 상에 제공되되, 몰리브덴으로 이루어진 후면전극;
상기 후면전극 상에 제공된 CIGS계 광흡수층; 및
상기 광흡수층 상에 제공된 전면 투명전극을 포함하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 알칼리 성분은 리튬, 나트륨, 칼륨, 루비듐, 세슘, 프란슘, 질소, 인, 비소, 안티몬, 비스무스, 바나듐, 니오브 및 탄탈륨으로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 불순물 확산 방지막에 첨가되는 상기 알칼리 성분의 함량은 상기 금속층의 전체 중량 대비 0.1원자% 내지 50원자%인 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 불순물 확산 방지막은 0.01㎛ 내지 10㎛의 두께로 형성되는 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 광흡수층은 I-Ⅲ-VI2족 화합물 반도체로 이루어지는 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 5 항에 있어서,
상기 광흡수층은 상기 불순물 확산 방지막에서 확산된 상기 알칼리 성분을 포함하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 기판은 소다회 유리 기판, 세라믹 기판, 금속 기판 또는 고분자 필름 중 어느 하나인 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 광흡수층과 상기 전면 투명전극 사이에 제공된 버퍼층을 더 포함하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 전면 투명전극 상의 일 영역에 제공된 반사방지막; 및
상기 반사방지막의 측면에 제공되되, 상기 전면 투명전극과 접촉된 그리드 전극을 더 포함하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지. - 기판 상에, 알칼리 성분이 첨가되고 크롬, 코발트 또는 구리 중 어느 하나의 금속층으로 이루어진 불순물 확산 방지막을 형성하는 단계;
상기 불순물 확산 방지막 상에 몰리브덴으로 후면전극을 형성하는 단계;
상기 후면전극 상에 CIGS계 광흡수층을 형성하는 단계; 및
상기 광흡수층 상에 전면 투명전극을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지의 제조방법. - 제 10 항에 있어서,
상기 불순물 확산 방지막은 스퍼터링 방법으로 형성하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지의 제조방법. - 제 11 항에 있어서,
상기 후면전극은 상기 불순물 확산 방지막과 동일한 챔버에서 상기 스퍼터링 방법으로 형성하는 화합물 반도체 태양전지의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020100115710A KR20120054365A (ko) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | 화합물 반도체 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
US13/191,820 US20120125425A1 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2011-07-27 | Compound semiconductor solar cell and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020100115710A KR20120054365A (ko) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | 화합물 반도체 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
Publications (1)
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KR20120054365A true KR20120054365A (ko) | 2012-05-30 |
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KR1020100115710A Abandoned KR20120054365A (ko) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | 화합물 반도체 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
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JP2014022562A (ja) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-02-03 | Kyocera Corp | 光電変換装置の製造方法 |
US10772522B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2020-09-15 | Vital Connect, Inc. | Disposable biometric patch device |
CN106847941B (zh) * | 2017-02-04 | 2019-01-01 | 江苏神科新能源有限公司 | 一种碲化镉薄膜太阳能电池及其制备方法 |
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KR101035389B1 (ko) * | 2008-03-31 | 2011-05-20 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | 벌크 이종접합형 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
US8217261B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2012-07-10 | Stion Corporation | Thin film sodium species barrier method and structure for cigs based thin film photovoltaic cell |
JP5229901B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-09 | 2013-07-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光電変換素子、及び太陽電池 |
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