KR20120021968A - Organic fertilizers using the ashes are burned from excrement and manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an organic fertilizer using manure, and more particularly to a method of recycling the manure to be discarded and used as a solid fuel, and then reproduced as an organic fertilizer using the remaining ash.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of preparing a solid fuel using the manure sludge; Burning the solid fuel by a heating system; 5 to 15% by weight chaff on ash which remains with burning solid fuel, 3 to 7% by weight diatomaceous earth, 3 to 8% by weight ocher, 1 to 5% by weight Bentonite, 1 to 5% by weight and 1 to 5% clay Mixing 5% by weight; And heating the ash mixture to obtain an organic fertilizer.
The present invention recycles the manure to be disposed of as fuel, and reproduced as an organic fertilizer using the ash remaining as a fuel, to prevent environmental pollution, reduce the treatment cost of the manure and the handling and storage It is easy.

Description

Organic fertilizer using manure-burned ash and its manufacturing method {ORGANIC FERTILIZERS USING THE ASHES ARE BURNED FROM EXCREMENT AND MANUFACTURING}

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of utilizing manure or manure, which is treated as waste, and more particularly, to a method for producing organic fertilizer from ash which is left after burning solid fuel using a sludge of manure as a heating system. .

In general, manure, the final product of the digestion process, is used as an excellent fertilizer to improve the growth of crops by fertilizing the land when supplied to cropland.

Conventionally, a method of spraying manure collected from a toilet or the like directly on farmland or mixing with compost and supplying it to farmland has been used. However, in recent years, manure is not often applied to arable land due to the development of chemical fertilizers, which can greatly increase crop growth in the short term.

In particular, during the period when crops are growing, the application of fertilizers using such servings or manure to farmland is decreasing. As such, the main reason for the decrease in the use of servings or manure is that the odor is severe when sprayed on arable land as fertilizer, and it is inconvenient in its use because it takes a liquid or crumb form.

However, due to the increase in the population in modern society, the amount of serving or manure is very large, and moreover, when raising livestock in farms, the amount of serving or manure is not small. In general, pig livestock farms store livestock manure for a certain period of time, and then ferment the treatment by adding and stirring a moisture control agent such as sawdust or rice. Due to the high cost of purchasing the moisture control agent, it is not actually implemented, and it is common to dig in the grassland after harvesting to discard livestock manure or to send livestock manure that was stored during heavy rain in summer to streams and dams. Water pollution of various drinking water sources such as lakes and the like is further increased.

An object of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer by using the ash or manure of human or animal as a solid fuel, and then using the ash remaining.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the processing cost and environmental pollution caused by serving or manure by providing a method of recycling the serving or manure of human or animal.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer using the manure in a dry state, not in a liquid state or crumb form, so that it is convenient to use and easy to store.

Organic fertilizer manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows.

The manure sludge formed by sedimentation of manure is stored in a tank and heated and dried at a high temperature. At this time, the temperature of the high temperature environment is preferably 400 degrees Celsius and may be in the range of 350 degrees Celsius to 450 degrees Celsius, the time of heat drying in a high temperature environment may be in the range of 5 hours to 6 hours.

Sludge heated by heat in a high temperature environment may be sterilized by a conventional method and subjected to a deodorization process. The sludge that has undergone this process can be pulverized and powdered. At this time, the powdered particles should be pulverized to 75 to 85 mesh, preferably pulverized to about 80 mesh.

Powdered sludge is 13 to 17% by weight of anthracite coal, 1 to 3% by weight of coal, 1 to 2% by weight of diatomaceous earth, 1 to 2% by weight of clay, 1 to 2% by weight of ocher, 1 to 2% by weight of chaff and 1 to 2% of sawdust. May be mixed with 3% by weight.

The mixture is molded and solidified by pressurization at a pressure of 150 to 200 tonnes per unit area and the solid fuel is burned by the boiler of the heating system and the ash remains.

The remaining ash was burned with 5 to 15% by weight of chaff ash, 3 to 7% by weight of diatomaceous earth, 3 to 8% by weight of ocher, 1 to 5% by weight of Bentonite, 1 to 5% by weight of Kaoline, and 1 to 5% by weight of clay Can be mixed together.

The ash mixture may be heated to dryness at a high temperature of 350 to 400 degrees Celsius and reproduced as an organic fertilizer.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an environmentally friendly organic fertilizer by using the ash obtained after the use of manure or manure as a solid fuel as a fertilizer.

According to the present invention, by providing a method for recycling human or animal manure or manure, it is possible to reduce environmental pollution due to serving or manure, and to prevent diseases caused by manure of livestock in farms.

According to the present invention, by recycling the manure to use as an organic fertilizer, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of treating human or animal serving or manure.

According to the present invention, by providing the fertilizer using the manure in a dry state, not in a liquid state or crumb form, it is convenient to use and easy to store.

1 is an operational flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing organic fertilizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a test result test report of the organic fertilizer prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited or limited by the embodiments. Like reference numerals in the drawings denote like elements.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of preparing an organic fertilizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, sludge, which is a precipitate of manure stored in a tank, is heated and dried at a high temperature. (S110)

The sludge refers to sediments produced by the storage of manure in a tank and the precipitation of stored manure.

In step S110, in order to quickly perform dewatering of the sludge, a tank in which the sludge is stored is made into a high temperature environment, and the sludge is dehydrated and dried in a high temperature environment. At this time, the high temperature environment is preferably a temperature of about 400 degrees Celsius, and may be in the range of 350 degrees Celsius to 450 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower than this, it takes a long time to dry. If the temperature is higher than this, organic matter and the like may burn during the drying process.

The time for maintaining the tank in which the sludge is stored in a high temperature environment may be about 5 hours to 6 hours. Or it may be heated and dried in a high temperature environment until the water of the sludge escapes below the reference value. The reference value at this time should just be a grade which can be normally expressed as complete drying. More specifically, it may be heated and dried in a high temperature environment until the water of the sludge is released to less than 5%. When the solid fuel contains 5% or more of water, organic matter of the sludge may be decayed, and the moisture is evaporated during combustion, and thus the calorific value is reduced, and therefore it should be dried to 5% or less.

The manure sludge that has undergone this process can be pulverized and powdered. In this case, the powdered particles may be crushed to have a 75 to 85 mesh, preferably about 80 mesh. If the sludge is crushed to have a smaller size than that, it is costly, and if it is crushed larger than this, it is difficult to uniformly mix the sludge.

The mesh is a unit that indicates the number of meshes in a steel mesh and is the number of spaces between meshes within 1 inch (25.4 mm). 80 mesh represents a case where the length of one mesh is 0.3175 mm, and the particles of the sludge ground in step S120 preferably have a size of 0.3175 mm or less.

Powdered sludge can be mixed with anthracite, coal, diatomaceous earth, clay, ocher, chaff and sawdust. In addition, a small amount of ignition agent composed of highly volatile oily materials may be further included to increase flammability, and a small amount of deodorant may also be further included to remove odors.

Anthracite and coal contained in the powdered sludge serve to help burn solid fuels. In this case, the anthracite coal is preferably 13% by weight or more, and if it is less than this, the amount of heat generated is small and the effect of assisting combustion of the solid fuel as a final product is weak. In addition, anthracite coal is preferably 17% by weight or less, because if exceeded, too much carbon monoxide is emitted during combustion of the solid fuel.

Since coal is more ignitable than anthracite, 1 to 3% by weight of coal is added to the solid fuel. If the proportion of coal is less than 1% by weight, the effect of promoting the ignition of the solid fuel is insignificant. If the proportion of coal is more than 3% by weight, the solid fuel is ignited too early to ensure optimal energy efficiency. none.

Diatomaceous earth is soil formed by the accumulation of diatoms (plants belonging to the diatomaceous family) under the sea or under a lake. Diatomaceous earth is porous, so it is used as a fireproofing and absorbent.

Diatomaceous earth is preferably added 1 to 2% by weight. When diatomaceous earth is added in less than 1% by weight, the improvement effect of adding diatomaceous earth is insignificant, and when it is added in excess of 2% by weight, the acceleration of ignition is excessively excessive and it burns too rapidly and is not suitable for use as fuel. Because it does not.

Clay, by itself, does not function as an energy source, but the presence of viscosity has the effect of improving workability. Clay is preferably added 1 to 2% by weight. This is because the workability is improved when more than 1% by weight is added, and when more than 2% by weight is added, the amount of heat generated during combustion is reduced.

Ocher is an inorganic material, so it does not function as an energy source itself, but due to its porous structure, it has excellent bonding with other components. Ocher is also highly breathable due to its porous structure, contributing to maintaining optimal conditions for storage of solid fuels.

Ocher has a tendency to ionize and has adsorptivity, so it adsorbs moisture during storage of solid fuel, thereby contributing to maintaining the optimal state of solid fuel, and when burning solid fuel, it adsorbs harmful gas components such as carbon monoxide. There is an effect of suppressing the generation of gas.

Ocher is preferably added 1 to 2% by weight. If less than 1% by weight is added, the resulting effect is insignificant, if more than 2% by weight is added because the amount of heat generated during combustion decreases.

The rice husks are deodorizing and have large voids in the rice hull particles, which, when mixed with the sludge, regulate the water and carbon ratio in the solid fuel and create a pathway for oxygen to be supplied in the solid fuel. The chaff does not, in itself, function as an energy source, but rather helps to burn other components in the solid fuel. Chaff may preferably be added in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight. If chaff is added in less than 1% by weight, the improvement effect through this is insignificant, and if it is added in excess of 3% by weight, the calorific value decreases.

Sawdust is deodorizing and blends with sludge to regulate the moisture and carbon ratio in the solid fuel and create a pathway for oxygen to be supplied in the solid fuel. Sawdust, by itself, does not function as an energy source, but rather helps to burn other components in solid fuels. Sawdust may preferably be added 1 to 3% by weight. If it is added less than 1% by weight, the improvement effect through this is insignificant, and if it is added in excess of 3% by weight because the calorific value decreases.

The sludge mixture is pressurized to a pressure of 150 to 200 tons per unit area, molded and solidified (S130) and used as a solid fuel, and the solid fuel is burned by the boiler of the heating system and ashes remain. . (S140)

10% by weight of ash burned chaff, 5% by weight of diatomaceous earth, 5% by weight of ocher, 5% by weight of Bentonite, 3% by weight of Kaolime and 3% by weight of clay.

The ashes left after using the sludge mixture as a solid fuel contain organic, nitrogen and garlic components and have excellent characteristics in deodorizing performance.

Generally, chaff or sawdust is used as a moisture control agent to manure organic fertilizers. In the present invention, by using the ash burned chaff can provide an organic fertilizer excellent in the deodorizing performance as well as the role of moisture control.

The charred charcoal is preferably added in an amount of 5 to 15% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, the effect of moisture control and deodorization performance is insignificant, and if it exceeds 15% by weight, the organic fertilizer may be out of the viscosity required.

Diatomaceous earth is composed of water-containing amorphous silica, which contains organic silica, clay, iron oxide, etc., and is composed of 81.0-82.9% of silicon oxide (SiO ₂ ) and aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 2.7? 4.9%, iron oxide (Fe ₂ O ₃ ) 0.35 to 2.09%, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.22 to 0.67%, magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.55 to 0.97%, and burned the diatomaceous earth to 700 to 800 degrees Celsius to remove organic matter It is preferable to use after.

Since the diatomaceous earth is porous with a plurality of pores, the water absorption rate is about 5 times the volume, so it is mixed with manure and serves to regulate water, and the mixing ratio is 3 to 7 wt%.

When the mixing ratio of diatomaceous earth is less than 3% by weight, the moisture control ability is lowered, and when it exceeds 7% by weight, the physical properties of the fertilizer are lowered due to excessive mixing of inorganic materials, so 3 to 7% by weight is preferable.

Since the loess has adsorptivity, the organic fertilizer is adsorbed when the organic fertilizer is stored, thereby contributing to maintaining the organic fertilizer in an optimal state.

Ocher is preferably added 3 to 8% by weight. If less than 3% by weight is added, the effect is negligible, if more than 8% by weight may be beyond the viscosity required by organic fertilizers.

Bentonite is clay that contains mainly montmorillonite, a mineral belonging to the monoclinic system with mica-like crystal structure, and many include quartz, feldspar and zeolite. Bentonite has excellent cation substitution capacity, excellent molecular sieve function to selectively adsorb organic and inorganic molecules, and well developed micro vesicles, so it is easily dehydrated at 350-400 degrees Celsius and reabsorbed when cooled. It is cheap and is suitable as a deodorant and is a beneficial mineral for soil.

The Bentonite is preferably added in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, which is not softened when the added amount of Bentonite exceeds 5% by weight and does not have fluidity, so that the Bentonite cannot be formed into a desired shape, and is required when the added amount is less than 1% by weight. This is because the strength cannot be obtained and it deforms easily.

Kaoline is also known as kaolin, kaolin, or white clay. Its main components are kaolinite (Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -H ₂ O) and halosite (Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -4H ₂ O), which are produced by weathering where feldspar is chemically decomposed by carbonic acid or water. do. In the case of granules widely used in the formulation of fertilizers, it is possible to spray directly by itself, but inorganic granules such as bentonite, clay and kaolin, binders and surfactants are required during assembly. The kaoline is used as a conventional additive for crop protection, and serves to supply various trace elements contained in the soil in a cation-substituted state with humic acid and to vitalize soil physiology.

It is preferable that the kaoline is added in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and when the amount is more than 1% by weight, the kaoline cannot be molded into a desired shape. When the amount is less than 5% by weight, the kaoline cannot effectively serve as a catalyst as an inorganic carrier. do.

Clay is a collection of fine particles of natural acid and has a wide variety of effects such as humidity control, deodorization and adsorption, anion generation, and antibacterial activity. In particular, when the aqueous solution containing ions in contact with the clay, the accumulation of ions occurs on the surface of the clay, the negative ion cation exchange, positive and negative ion fixing and negative positive ion adsorption. Thus clay reacts with any kind of organic material to produce a clay-organic complex. Due to the structural characteristics of clay, H ₂ O flows in and out of the particles, and the surface area per unit mass including the outer surface and the inner surface is very large, reaching a surface area of 500 to 1000 m 2 / g. The surface of the clay exhibits a charge of (-) or (+) and causes various phenomena such as attracting ions with opposite signs of charge. As such, clay exhibits various chemical and physical properties due to its large surface area and surface function. For example, ion exchangeability, adsorption, reactivity with chemicals, formation ability of organic and inorganic complexes, and catalytic ability, referred to as chemical affinity. , Swelling, viscosity, plasticity, etc., and may exhibit colloidal properties in which the fine particles of clay are dispersed and suspended in water.

Clay used in the present invention is a fine particle containing SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ and an alkali component, the average particle diameter of 14.3㎛, particle size distribution of 0.5 to 50㎛, preferably quartz ) And mullite. At this time, it is preferable to use the clay in 1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the organic fertilizer, when using less than 1% by weight of clay can not achieve the odor removal effect of the clay to be expressed as an organic fertilizer, If it is used in excess of 5% by weight there is a problem that the palatability when supplied with fertilizer.

The ash mixture is heated to dry at a high temperature (S150), the high temperature environment at this time is preferably about 400 degrees Celsius, may be in the range of 350 degrees to 400 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower than this, it takes a long time to dry. If the temperature is higher than this, organic matter and the like may be burned during the drying process.

The heat-dried ash mixture completes the organic fertilizer.

As a result of the test results of the organic fertilizer prepared from the ash burning manure as shown in Figure 2 can be confirmed.

As described above, the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains various modifications and variations from such descriptions. This is possible.

Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be determined by the equivalents of the claims, as well as the claims.

Claims (4)

Mixing the additive with the powdered manure sludge to produce a solid fuel;
Starting a boiler of the heating system to obtain ashes from the solid fuel;
Mixing ash, chaff, diatomaceous earth, loess, Bentonite, Kaoline, and clay with charred ash remaining on the solid fuel; And
Heat drying the ash mixture
Including,
To 100% by weight of the ash mixture, 5 to 15% by weight charcoal burned, 3 to 7% by weight diatomaceous earth, 3 to 8% by weight ocher, 1 to 5% by weight Bentonite, 1 to 5% by weight Kaoline and 1 to 5% clay A method for producing organic fertilizer comprising 5% by weight. The method of claim 1,
The step of heating and drying the ash mixture
Method for producing an organic fertilizer by heating the ash mixture at a temperature of 350 to 400 degrees Celsius. The method of claim 1,
Preparing the solid fuel
Heating and drying the sludge of the manure stored in the tank;
Pulverizing and drying the dried sludge;
Mixing the powder with anthracite, coal, diatomaceous earth, clay, ocher, chaff and sawdust; And
Molding by applying pressure to the manure sludge mixture
Including,
With respect to 100% by weight of the manure sludge mixture, 13 to 17% by weight of anthracite coal, 1 to 3% by weight of coal, 1 to 2% by weight of diatomaceous earth, 1 to 2% by weight of clay, 1 to 2% by weight of ocher, 1 to 2% of rice husk Method for producing an organic fertilizer comprising%, 1 to 3% by weight sawdust. In the organic fertilizer using the ash (Ashes) burning the solid fuel prepared from the manure,
To 100% by weight of the ash mixture, 5 to 15% by weight charcoal, 3 to 7% by weight diatomaceous earth, 3 to 8% by weight ocher, 1 to 5% by weight Bentonite, 1 to 5% by weight Kaoline and Organic fertilizer comprising 1 to 5% by weight of clay.

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