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KR20120017018A - Diesel aftertreatment system - Google Patents

Diesel aftertreatment system Download PDF

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KR20120017018A
KR20120017018A KR1020117023419A KR20117023419A KR20120017018A KR 20120017018 A KR20120017018 A KR 20120017018A KR 1020117023419 A KR1020117023419 A KR 1020117023419A KR 20117023419 A KR20117023419 A KR 20117023419A KR 20120017018 A KR20120017018 A KR 20120017018A
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exhaust
diesel
burner
fuel
therefrom
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아담 제이. 코트르바
티모시 이. 잭슨
더비스 에이 예트킨
아르다 군도간
티모시 가드너
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테네코 오토모티브 오퍼레이팅 컴파니 인코포레이티드
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

디젤 압축 엔진 (16) 등의 디젤 연소 과정 (14)로부터 배기물 (12)를 처리하는 디젤 배기가스 후처리 시스템 (10)이 제공된다. 상기 시스템 (10)은 승온 상태의 배기물 (12)를 시스템(10)의 나머지 부분으로 선택적으로 공급하는 버너 (18), 상기 버너 (18)로부터 하류로 연결되어 그로부터 배기물(12)를 수용하는 디젤 미립자 필터 (20), 및 상기 필터(20)으로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물을 수용하는 NOx 감소장치 (NOx reducing device: 22)를 포함한다.A diesel exhaust aftertreatment system 10 is provided that treats exhaust 12 from a diesel combustion process 14, such as a diesel compression engine 16. The system 10 includes a burner 18 that selectively feeds the exhaust 12 at elevated temperature to the rest of the system 10, and is connected downstream from the burner 18 to receive the exhaust 12 therefrom. diesel particulate filter 20, and is connected downstream from the filter (20) for NO x reduction device for receiving the exhaust therefrom: and a (NO x reducing device 22).

Description

디젤 후처리 시스템 {DIESEL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM}Diesel Aftertreatment System {DIESEL AFTERTREATMENT SYSTEM}

본 발명은 디젤 압축 엔진 등의 디젤 연소 과정으로부터 배기 가스를 처리하기 위한 시스템 및 방법에 대한 것으로, 더 특별하게는, 디젤 압축 엔진으로부터의 미립자 물질 (particulate matter: PM)과 질소 산화물 (NOx)의 배출을 감소시키기 위한 시스템에 대한 것이다.The present invention relates to systems and methods for treating exhaust gases from diesel combustion processes, such as diesel compression engines, and more particularly, to particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from diesel compression engines. The system is for reducing emissions.

환경적 규제들로 인해, 디젤 연소 과정으로부터, 특히 디젤 압축 엔진으로부터의 NOx 및 PM을 감소시킬 것을 요구하는 배출 제한의 강화가 요청되고 있다. 디젤 미립자 필터 (Diesel particulate filter: DPF)는, 통상 검댕(soot)의 형태의 탄소질 미립자인 PM에 대하여 요구되는 감소를 달성할 수 있으나, DPF에 의해 제공되는 미립자 물질의 감소와 관련하여 NOx에 대한 감소의 요구도 만족시킬 수 있는 향상된 시스템에 대한 필요성은 여전히 존재한다.Due to environmental regulations, there is a demand for tightening emission limits that require reducing NO x and PM from the diesel combustion process, in particular from diesel compression engines. A diesel particulate filter (Diesel particulate filter: DPF) is generally able to achieve the type of the carbonaceous particulates is reduced as required for the PM of the soot (soot). However, with regard to the reduction of the particulate material provided by the DPF NO x There is still a need for an improved system that can also meet the demand for reduction.

이와 관련하여, (종종 자연 재생(passive regeneration)이라 불리우는) DPF의 바람직한 재생을 제공하도록 DPF 내에 모인 검댕과 반응하는, 배기물 내에서의 NO2의 수준을 증가시키기 위해 DPF로부터 상류에 디젤 산화 촉매 (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst: DOC)를 제공하는 시스템이 제안되어 있다. 그러나, 이러한 시스템은 300℃ 미만의 온도로 제한되며, 전형적으로 산화 촉매 전반에 걸쳐 압력 강하를 가져오는데, 이는 시스템의 나머지 부분의 설계에 있어 고려되어야 할 사항이다. 추가로, 수소 또는 탄화수소 연료 등의 연료가 DOC의 상류로 운반되어, DPF 내에서 600℉ 이상의 온도를 생성할 수 있다 (이는 종종 복합 재생 (active regeneration)이라 불리운다). In this regard, a diesel oxidation catalyst upstream from the DPF to increase the level of NO 2 in the exhaust, which reacts with soot collected in the DPF to provide the desired regeneration of the DPF (often called passive regeneration). A system for providing Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) has been proposed. However, such systems are limited to temperatures below 300 ° C. and typically result in a pressure drop across the oxidation catalyst, which is a consideration in the design of the rest of the system. In addition, fuels, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels, can be carried upstream of the DOC to produce temperatures of 600 ° F. or higher in the DPF (this is often referred to as active regeneration).

발명의 개요Summary of the Invention

본 발명의 한 특징에 따르면, 디젤 연소 과정으로부터의 배기물을 처리하는 디젤 배기가스 처리 시스템이 제공된다. 상기 시스템은, 배기물을 수용하고 상기 배기물을 화염으로 선택적으로 가열하여 승온 상태의 배기물을 시스템의 나머지 부분으로 공급하는 버너; 상기 버너로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물을 수용하는 디젤 미립자 필터 (DPF); 및 상기 디젤 미립자 필터로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터의 배기물을 수용하는, NOx 트랩 및 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 (selective catalytic reduction: SCR) 중 적어도 하나를 포함한다.According to one feature of the invention, there is provided a diesel exhaust treatment system for treating exhaust from a diesel combustion process. The system includes a burner for receiving exhaust and selectively heating the exhaust with a flame to supply exhaust at elevated temperature to the rest of the system; A diesel particulate filter (DPF) connected downstream from the burner to receive exhaust therefrom; And at least one of a NO x trap and a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR) connected downstream from the diesel particulate filter to receive exhaust therefrom.

한 특징으로서, 상기 시스템은 버너로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터의 배기물을 수용하고 DPF로부터 상류에 연결되어 여기로 배기물을 운반하는 디젤 산화 촉매를 더 포함한다. 추가의 특징에서, 상기 시스템은 버너로부터 하류에 그리고 DOC의 상류에 위치한 연료 주입기(fuel injector)를 더 포함한다.As a feature, the system further includes a diesel oxidation catalyst connected downstream from the burner to receive the exhaust therefrom and connected upstream from the DPF to carry the exhaust therefrom. In a further feature, the system further comprises a fuel injector located downstream from the burner and upstream of the DOC.

한 특징에서, 상기 시스템은 DPF로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터의 배기물을 수용하고, SCR로부터 상류에 연결되어 여기로 배기물을 운반하는 디젤 산화 촉매를 더 포함한다.In one aspect, the system further includes a diesel oxidation catalyst connected downstream from the DPF to receive the exhaust therefrom, and connected upstream from the SCR to transport the exhaust thereto.

한 특징에 따르면, 상기 버너는 적어도 하나의 연료 주입기 및 적어도 하나의 점화기(igniter)를 포함한다. According to one feature, the burner comprises at least one fuel injector and at least one igniter.

한 특징으로서, 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 및 NOx 트랩 중 상기 적어도 하나는 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매이고, 상기 촉매로부터 상류에 연결된 환원제 주입기를 더 포함한다.In one aspect, the at least one of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst and the NO x trap is a selective catalytic reduction catalyst and further comprises a reducing agent injector connected upstream from the catalyst.

본 발명의 한 특징에 따르면, 디젤 연소 과정으로부터의 디젤 배기물을 처리하기 위한 방법이 제공된다. 상기 방법은 하기의 단계를 포함한다:According to one aspect of the invention, a method is provided for treating diesel exhaust from a diesel combustion process. The method includes the following steps:

(a) 디젤 연소 과정으로부터 하류에 배기물 흐름 내에서 연료를 태움(burning)으로써 배기물의 온도를 선택적으로 올리는 단계;(a) selectively raising the temperature of the exhaust by burning fuel in the exhaust stream downstream from the diesel combustion process;

(b) 단계 (a)로부터 제공된 승온 상태의 배기물 안으로 탄소를 산화시킴으로써 필터로부터 검댕을 제거하는 단계; 및(b) removing soot from the filter by oxidizing carbon into the exhaust at elevated temperature provided from step (a); And

(c) 단계 (b)로부터 제공된 배기물에 실려온 NOx를 제거하는 단계.(c) removing NO x carried in the exhaust provided from step (b).

한 특징에서, 상기 방법은 단계 (b) 이전에 산화 촉매를 통해 단계 (a)로부터의 배기물을 통과시킴으로써 NO2를 생성하는 단계를 더 포함한다. 추가의 특징으로서, 상기 방법은 단계 (a) 이후 및 단계 (b) 이전에 상기 배기물 내부로 연료를 주입하는 단계를 더 포함한다.In one feature, the method further comprises producing NO 2 by passing the exhaust from step (a) through an oxidation catalyst prior to step (b). As a further feature, the method further comprises injecting fuel into the exhaust after step (a) and before step (b).

추가의 특징에서, 상기 방법은 단계 (c) 이전에 산화 촉매를 통해 단계(b)로부터의 배기물을 통과시킴으로써 NO2를 생성하는 단계를 더 포함한다.In a further feature, the method further comprises producing NO 2 by passing the exhaust from step (b) through an oxidation catalyst prior to step (c).

한 특징에 따르면, 단계 (a)는 배기물 내로 연료를 주입하는 단계 및 상기 연료를 점화하는 단계를 포함한다.According to one feature, step (a) comprises injecting fuel into the exhaust and igniting the fuel.

한 특징으로서, 단계 (c)는 배기물을 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 상으로 통과시킴으로써 NOx를 N2로 전환하는 단계를 포함한다. As a feature, step (c) comprises converting NO x to N 2 by passing the exhaust over a selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

한 특징에서, 단계 (c)는 NOx를 트랩핑(trapping)하는 단계를 포함한다.In one aspect, step (c) comprises trapping NO x .

본 발명의 다른 목적, 특징 및 장점이 첨부된 청구범위와 도면을 포함한 전체의 명세서를 검토함으로부터 명백해질 것이다.Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a review of the entire specification, including the appended claims and drawings.

도 1은 디젤 연소 엔진과 관련하여 본 발명을 구현한 디젤 배기가스 처리 시스템을 도식적으로 묘사한 것이고;
도 2 내지 도 4는 도 1에 유사하지만, 디젤 배기 가스 처리 시스템의 대안적 구현예를 나타내도록 묘사한 것이다. 1 is a schematic depiction of a diesel exhaust treatment system implementing the present invention in connection with a diesel combustion engine;
2-4 are depicted similar to FIG. 1 but depict an alternative embodiment of a diesel exhaust gas treatment system.

디젤 압축 엔진(16)과 같은 디젤 연소 과정(14)로부터의 배기물(12)를 처리하는 디젤 배기가스 후처리 시스템 (10)이 제공된다. 배기물(12)는 통상, 다른 것들 중 산화질소 (NO) 및 이산화질소 (NO2) 등의 질소 산화물 (NOx), 입자성 물질 (PM), 탄화수소, 일산화탄소 (CO), 및 그 외 연소 부산물을 포함한다. A diesel exhaust aftertreatment system 10 is provided that treats exhaust 12 from a diesel combustion process 14, such as a diesel compression engine 16. Exhaust 12 is typically nitrogen oxides (NO x ) such as nitrogen oxides (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and other combustion byproducts, among others. It includes.

시스템 (10)은 승온 상태의 배기물(12)를 상기 시스템(10)의 나머지 부분으로 선택적으로 공급하는 버너 (18), 상기 버너(18)로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물(12)를 수용하는 디젤 미립자 필터(DPF) (20), 및 상기 DPF (20)으로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물 (12)를 수용하는, 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같은 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 (SCR) (24) 또는 도 2에 나타낸 바와 같은 희박 NOx 트랩(lean NOx trap) (26) 등의 NOx 감소 장치(NOx reducing device: 22)를 포함한다. 디젤 압축 엔진 (16) 등의 희박-연소 엔진(lean-burn engine)의 배기물(12) 내에서의 보다 낮은 작동 온도를 극복하기 위해, DPF (20)을 위한 복합 재생 공정이 채용되며, 여기서 연료는 버너 (18) 내에서 점화되어 화염(28)을 생성하고, 상기 화염이 상기 DPF (20) 내의 PM의 산화를 가능케 하는 상승된 온도까지 배기물(12)를 가열한다. 추가로, 이러한 복합 재생과 관련하여 혹은 그와는 독립적으로, 버너(18)은 SCR(24)의 전환 효율을 향상시키는 상승된 온도까지 배기물(12)를 가열하기 위해 유사한 방식으로 사용될 수 있다. 유리하게는, 버너(18)은, 엔진(16)을 탈출함에 따라 배기물(12) 내에 낮은 온도 (< 300℃)를 생성하는 작동 조건을 포함하는, 임의의 특정 엔진 작동 조건에 대하여 독립적으로, 선택적으로 혹은 연속적으로, 이처럼 상승된 온도를 제공할 수 있다. 따라서, 시스템 (10)은 엔진 제어에 대한 조정을 필요로 하지 않고 작동될 수 있다.The system 10 includes a burner 18 that selectively feeds the exhaust 12 at elevated temperature to the remainder of the system 10, connected downstream from the burner 18 to receive the exhaust 12 therefrom. A diesel particulate filter (DPF) 20, and a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR) 24 as shown in FIG. 1, connected downstream from the DPF 20 and receiving exhaust 12 therefrom. FIG lean NO x trap (lean NO x trap) (26 ) NO x reducing device, such as shown in FIG. 2: and a (NO x reducing device 22). In order to overcome the lower operating temperatures in the exhaust 12 of lean-burn engines, such as diesel compression engines 16, a complex regeneration process for the DPF 20 is employed, where Fuel is ignited in burner 18 to produce flame 28, which heats exhaust 12 to an elevated temperature that enables the oxidation of PM in DPF 20. Additionally, in conjunction with or independently of such complex regeneration, burner 18 may be used in a similar manner to heat exhaust 12 to elevated temperatures which improve conversion efficiency of SCR 24. . Advantageously, burner 18 is independent of any particular engine operating conditions, including operating conditions that produce a low temperature (<300 ° C.) in exhaust 12 as it exits engine 16. Alternatively, or continuously, this elevated temperature can be provided. Thus, system 10 can be operated without requiring adjustments to engine control.

바람직하게는, 버너 (18)은, 하나 이상의 주입기 (30)을 포함하여, 예를 들어 수소 및 탄화수소 등의 적절한 연료 및, 공기 등의 산소 발생기를 주입하고, 이들은 스파크 플러그(32)와 같은 하나 이상의 점화기에 의해 상기 배기물에 이미 실려온 미연소 연료와 함께 점화된다. 이와 관련하여 각각의 주입기(30)은 연료와 산소 발생기를 둘 다 주입하는 복합형 주입기일 수 있거나, 혹은 연료 또는 산소 발생기 중 하나를 위한 특정의 주입기일 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 34에서 모식적으로 도시한, 제어 시스템이 제공되어, 임의의 적절한 프로세서(들), 센서, 흐름 제어 밸브, 전기 코일 등을 사용하여 점화기(32)에 의한 점화 및 주입기(30)을 통한 흐름을 감시하고 제어한다. Preferably, burner 18 comprises one or more injectors 30, for example injecting a suitable fuel, such as hydrogen and hydrocarbons, and an oxygen generator, such as air, which are one such as spark plug 32. The above igniter ignites the unburned fuel already loaded on the exhaust. In this regard each injector 30 may be a hybrid injector for injecting both fuel and oxygen generator, or may be a specific injector for either fuel or oxygen generator. Preferably, a control system, shown schematically at 34, is provided to ignite and injector 30 by igniter 32 using any suitable processor (s), sensors, flow control valves, electrical coils, and the like. Monitor and control flow through

DPF (20)은 임의의 적절한 구조 또는 타입일 수 있으며, 이와 관련하여 많은 내용들이 공지되어 있다.DPF 20 may be of any suitable structure or type, and many are known in this regard.

임의의 적절한 촉매가 SCR(24)로서 사용될 수 있고, 이들의 예는 임의의 적절한 구조 또는 타입의 Cu계 촉매, 철계 촉매, 반디아(Vandia)계 촉매를 포함한다. 바람직하게는, 상기 시스템 (10)은 또한 환원제 주입기(36)을 포함하며, 다시 한번, 상기 환원제 주입기의 구조 및 타입은 암모니아, 우레아와 같은 질소계 환원제, 탄화수소, 수소, 또는 합성 가스를 배기물(12) 내로 도입하여 올바른 조건 하에 배기물 (12) 내의 NOx 함량을 바람직하게는 적어도 25%, 그리고 많게는 99% 감소시킬 수 있는, 적절한 것이다. 이와 관련하여, SCR 내의 온도는 사용된 환원제의 타입에 크게 의존한다. 주입기 (36)은 가압된 환원제 공급원 (도시하지 않음)에 의해 공급될 수 있고, 컨트롤러 (34) 또는 독립적인 컨트롤러 (도시하지 않음)에 의해 제어될 수 있다.Any suitable catalyst may be used as the SCR 24, examples of which include Cu-based catalysts, iron-based catalysts, and Vandia-based catalysts of any suitable structure or type. Preferably, the system 10 also includes a reducing agent injector 36, and once again, the structure and type of the reducing agent injector exhausts nitrogen-based reducing agents such as ammonia, urea, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, or syngas. It is appropriate that it can be introduced into (12) to reduce the NO x content in exhaust 12 preferably preferably at least 25%, and as much as 99% under correct conditions. In this regard, the temperature in the SCR depends greatly on the type of reducing agent used. Injector 36 may be supplied by a pressurized reducing agent source (not shown) and may be controlled by controller 34 or an independent controller (not shown).

도 2를 참조하면, 임의의 적절한 구조 및 타입의 희박 NOx 트랩 (26)이 이용될 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 희박 연료-공기 혼합물을 이용하는 운전 조건 동안에는 NO2를 저장하고, 풍부한 연료-공기 혼합물을 이용하는 운전 조건 하에서는 저장된 NO2를 N2 및 O2로 환원한다. 이와 관련하여, 바람직하지는 않지만, 필요한 경우, 추가의 탄화 수소 연료가 트랩(26)의 상류에 주입되어 트랩 (26) 내에 풍부한 연료-공기 조건을 생성하여 저장된 NO2로부터 N2, H2O 및 CO2의 형성을 보조할 수 있다. 2, any suitable structure and type of lean NO x trap 26 can be used, preferably storing NO 2 during operating conditions utilizing a lean fuel-air mixture, and enriching the fuel-air mixture. Under the operating conditions using to reduce the stored NO 2 to N 2 and O 2 . In this regard, although not preferred, if necessary, the addition of hydrocarbon fuel-rich fuel in the injected upstream of the trap 26. Trap 26 - N 2, H 2 from the NO 2 stored by creating the air condition O and May aid in the formation of CO 2 .

작동 중에, 시스템 (10)에 의한 DPF (20)의 복합 재생의 필요성은, DPF 압력 강하, DPF 검댕 질량, 미리 정해진 작동 시간 설정점, 및 연료 소비율 등의 다수개의 파라미터 혹은 파라미터들의 조합에 기초하여 결정된다. 유사하게, DPF (20)의 복합 재생은 DPF 압력 강하, DPF 검댕 질량, 및 미리 정해진 재생 시간 설정점 등의 다수개의 파라미터 또는 파라미터들의 조합에 기초하여 종료될 수 있다. 복합 재생 중에, 주입기(들) (30)을 경유한 연료 및 공기의 주입은 배기물(12)의 유량, 배기물 (12) 내의 산소 농도, 및 DPF (20)로의 그리고 DPF (20)로부터의 배기물(12)의 유입구 및 유출구 온도를 포함한 다수개의 파라미터 혹은 파라미터들의 조합에 기초할 수 있으며, 화염 안정성은 점화기 이온화 검출에 의해 혹은 버너(18)로의 그리고 버너(18)로부터의 배기물 (12)의 유입구 및 유출구 온도를 비교함에 의해 감시된다.During operation, the need for complex regeneration of DPF 20 by system 10 is based on a number of parameters or combinations of parameters, such as DPF pressure drop, DPF soot mass, predetermined operating time set point, and fuel consumption rate. Is determined. Similarly, complex regeneration of DPF 20 may be terminated based on a number of parameters or combinations of parameters, such as DPF pressure drop, DPF soot mass, and a predetermined regeneration time set point. During compound regeneration, the injection of fuel and air via injector (s) 30 results in a flow rate of exhaust 12, oxygen concentration in exhaust 12, and into and out of DPF 20. Based on a number of parameters or combinations of parameters, including inlet and outlet temperatures of the exhaust 12, flame stability may be determined by igniter ionization detection or by burner 18 and from exhaust 12. Is monitored by comparing the inlet and outlet temperatures.

SCR (24) 및/또는 희박 NOx 트랩 (26)을 위한 상응하는 적당한 파라미터를 이용하는 유사한 제어 스킴(shceme)을 사용하여, 성능을 향상시키고/거나 재생을 제공하도록 버너(18)의 능동적 사용을 제공할 수 있다. Using a similar control scheme with corresponding appropriate parameters for the SCR 24 and / or lean NO x trap 26, active use of the burner 18 to enhance performance and / or provide regeneration. Can provide.

상기 시스템 (10)은, DPF의 적절한 재생을 얻기 위해, 엔진 또는 시스템 내로 과량의 연료 주입을 필요로 하는 공지된 후처리 시스템에 비해 향상된 연료 효율을 제공할 수 있음이 인정되어야 한다. 또한, 버너 (18)은, DPF의 자연 재생을 위해 충분한 NO2를 제공하도록 DPF의 상류에서 DOC를 통해 배기물을 통과시킴으로써, 특히 자연 재생 또는 복합 재생에 의존하는 시스템과 비교하여, 버너(18)을 통해 배기물 (12) 내에서 비교적 낮은 압력 강하를 위해 설계될 수 있음이 인정되어야 한다. 나아가, SCR (24) 상류에서 DPF (20)을 통한 배기물(12)의 통행은 SCR (24) 내의 열 변동을 약화시키는 경향이 있고, 이는 환원제 주입의 제어를 간략화할 수 있음도 인정되어야 한다.It should be appreciated that the system 10 can provide improved fuel efficiency over known aftertreatment systems that require excessive fuel injection into the engine or system to obtain proper regeneration of the DPF. The burner 18 also passes the exhaust through the DOC upstream of the DPF to provide sufficient NO 2 for the natural regeneration of the DPF, in particular compared to systems that rely on natural or complex regeneration. It should be appreciated that can be designed for a relatively low pressure drop in the exhaust 12. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the passage of the exhaust 12 through the DPF 20 upstream of the SCR 24 tends to weaken the thermal fluctuations in the SCR 24, which can simplify the control of reducing agent injection. .

도 3을 참조하면, 시스템 (10)에 대한 대안적 구현예를 도시한 것으로, 이 경우, 버너 (18)과 DPF (20) 사이에 DOC (40)이 연결되어, 자연 재생에 우호적인 운전 조건 동안에 어느 정도로 DPF (20)의 자연 재생을 위해 배기물 (12) 내에 NO2를 공급한다. 이는 버너(18)에 의한 복합 재생에 대한 수요를 감소시키고, 이로써 시스템(10)의 전체적인 연료 효율을 제고한다.Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown an alternative embodiment of the system 10, in which case the DOC 40 is connected between the burner 18 and the DPF 20, which is favorable for natural regeneration. To some extent NO 2 is supplied into the exhaust 12 for natural regeneration of the DPF 20. This reduces the need for complex regeneration by the burners 18, thereby increasing the overall fuel efficiency of the system 10.

도 4는 시스템 (10)의 또 다른 구현예를 도시한 것으로, 이는 도 3에 유사하지만, DPF (20)과 SCR (24) 사이에 또 다른 DOC(42)가 부가되어 추가의 NO2를 제공하여 SCR (24) 내에서의 반응을 최적화한다. 상기 시스템(10)에 대한 추가의 구현예로서, 연료 주입기(44)는 버너 (18)과 DOC (40) 사이에 부가되어 선택적으로 추가의 연료를 제공할 수 있으며, 이러한 추가의 연료에 대한 2가지의 예는 탄화수소 연료 및 수소이고, 이로써 DOC (40) 내에서 반응을 향상시키고, 특정 운전 조건 하에서 배기물 내에 추가의 양의 NO2를 생산한다.4 illustrates another embodiment of the system 10, which is similar to FIG. 3, but with another DOC 42 added between the DPF 20 and the SCR 24 to provide additional NO 2 . To optimize the reaction in the SCR 24. As a further embodiment of the system 10, a fuel injector 44 may be added between the burner 18 and the DOC 40 to selectively provide additional fuel, which may provide additional fuel for the additional fuel. Examples of eggplants are hydrocarbon fuels and hydrogen, which enhances the reaction in DOC 40 and produces additional amounts of NO 2 in the exhaust under certain operating conditions.

Claims (13)

디젤 연소 과정으로부터의 배기물을 처리하는 디젤 배기가스 처리 시스템으로서,
배기물을 수용하고 상기 배기물을 화염으로 선택적으로 가열하여 승온 상태의 배기물을 상기 시스템의 나머지 부분으로 공급하는 버너;
상기 버너로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물을 수용하는 디젤 미립자 필터; 및,
상기 디젤 미립자 필터로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물을 수용하는, NOx 트랩(trap) 및 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 중 적어도 하나를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.A diesel exhaust treatment system for treating exhaust from diesel combustion processes,
A burner for receiving exhaust and selectively heating the exhaust with a flame to supply exhaust at elevated temperature to the rest of the system;
A diesel particulate filter connected downstream from said burner to receive exhaust therefrom; And,
And at least one of a NO x trap and an optional catalytic reduction catalyst connected downstream from said diesel particulate filter to receive exhaust therefrom. 제1항에 있어서,
상기 버너로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물을 수용하고 상기 디젤 미립자 필터로부터 상류에 연결되어 여기로 배기물을 운반하는 디젤 산화 촉매(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.The method of claim 1,
And a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst connected downstream from the burner to receive exhaust therefrom and connected upstream from the diesel particulate filter to carry the exhaust therefrom. 제2항에 있어서,
상기 디젤 미립자 필터로부터 하류에 연결되어 그로부터 배기물을 수용하고, 상기 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매로부터 상류에 연결되어 여기로 배기물을 운반하는 디젤 산화 촉매를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.The method of claim 2,
And a diesel oxidation catalyst connected downstream from said diesel particulate filter to receive exhaust therefrom and connected upstream from said selective catalytic reduction catalyst to carry exhaust therefrom. 제2항에 있어서,
상기 버너로부터 하류에 그리고 상기 DOC 로부터 상류에 위치하는 연료 주입기를 더 포함하는 것을 특징을 하는 시스템.The method of claim 2,
And a fuel injector located downstream from the burner and upstream from the DOC. 제1항에 있어서,
상기 버너는 적어도 하나의 연료 주입기 및 적어도 하나의 점화기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.The method of claim 1,
The burner comprises at least one fuel injector and at least one igniter. 제1항에 있어서,
선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 및 NOx 트랩 중 상기 적어도 하나는 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매이고, 상기 촉매로부터 상류에 연결된 환원제 주입기를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.The method of claim 1,
Wherein at least one of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst and the NO x trap is a selective catalytic reduction catalyst and further comprises a reducing agent injector connected upstream from the catalyst. 디젤 연소 과정으로부터 디젤 배기물을 처리하는 방법으로서, 상기 방법은
(a) 상기 디젤 연소 과정으로부터 하류에 상기 배기물 흐름 내에서 연료를 태움(burning)으로써 상기 배기물의 온도를 선택적으로 증가시키는 단계;
(b) 단계 (a)로부터 제공된 승온 상태의 배기물 안으로 탄소를 산화시킴으로써 필터로부터 검댕(soot)을 제거하는 단계; 및
(c) 단계 (b)로부터 제공된 상기 배기물 내에 운반된 NOx를 제거하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.A method of treating diesel exhaust from a diesel combustion process, the method of
(a) selectively increasing the temperature of the exhaust by burning fuel in the exhaust stream downstream from the diesel combustion process;
(b) removing soot from the filter by oxidizing carbon into the exhaust at elevated temperature provided from step (a); And
(c) removing NO x carried in the exhaust provided from step (b). 제7항에 있어서,
단계 (b) 이전에 산화 촉매를 통해 단계 (a) 로부터의 배기물을 통과시킴으로써 NO2를 생산하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 7, wherein
Producing NO 2 by passing the exhaust from step (a) through an oxidation catalyst prior to step (b). 제8항에 있어서,
단계 (c) 이전에 산화 촉매를 통해 단계 (b) 로부터의 배기물을 통과시킴으로써 NO2를 생산하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 8,
Producing NO 2 by passing the exhaust from step (b) through an oxidation catalyst prior to step (c). 제8항에 있어서,
단계 (a) 이후 및 단계 (b) 이전에 상기 배기물 내로 연료를 주입하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 8,
Injecting fuel into the exhaust after step (a) and before step (b). 제7항에 있어서,
단계 (a)는 상기 배기물 내로 연료를 주입하는 단계 및 상기 연료를 점화하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 7, wherein
Step (a) comprises injecting fuel into the exhaust and igniting the fuel. 제7항에 있어서,
단계 (c)는 선택적 촉매성 환원 촉매 상으로 상기 배기물을 통과시킴으로써 NOx를 N2로 전환하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 7, wherein
Step (c) comprises converting NO x to N 2 by passing the exhaust over a selective catalytic reduction catalyst. 제7항에 있어서,
단계 (c)는 NOx를 트랩핑하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The method of claim 7, wherein
Step (c) comprises trapping NO x .
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